Diseases in which eosinophilia is observed. Eosinophilia disease: causes and treatment. Standard indicators of eosinophil molecules

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In medical practice under eosinophilia understand the condition of the blood in which there is an increase in the level of special blood cells - eosinophils. In this case, infiltration (impregnation) of other tissues with eosinophils is also observed. For example, with an allergic rhinitis, eosinophils can be found in nasal secretions, with bronchial asthma with bronchitis - in sputum, with accumulation of blood in the lungs or pleural tumors - in pulmonary fluid.

In an adult, the number of eosinophils in the blood is considered normal from 0.02 x 10 9 / l to 0.3 x 10 9 / l.

The following degrees of eosinophilia are distinguished:
1. Small - up to 10% of the total number of leukocytes.
2. Moderate – 10-20%.
3. High – over 20%.

Persistent eosinophilia is most often a sign of helminthic infections, allergic reactions, and some leukemias.

Eosinophilia - a symptom or a disease?

4. Symptoms of gastrointestinal diseases.
Since many diseases of the digestive system lead to disruption of the intestinal microflora, the process of cleansing the body of toxins slows down, which leads to an increased content of eosinophils. With such dysbiosis, the patient may be bothered by vomiting and nausea after eating, pain in the umbilical region, diarrhea, cramps, signs of hepatitis (jaundice, liver enlargement and pain).
5. Blood diseases.
Systemic histiocytosis against the background of eosinophilia is characterized by frequent infectious diseases, enlarged liver and spleen, damage to the lymph nodes, cough, cyanosis of the skin (blue discoloration), dyspnea (difficulty breathing).
Along with eosinophilia, with lymphogranulomatosis there is fever, pain in the bones and joints, weakness, itching over most of the skin surface, lymphadenopathy, enlargement of the liver and spleen, and there may be a cough.
Eosinophilia in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is also accompanied by fever, weakness, loss of body weight and motor activity, as well as symptoms characteristic of damage to certain areas. Thus, when a tumor appears in the abdominal area, symptoms such as thirst, abdominal enlargement, and intestinal obstruction are noted. From the central nervous system - headaches, paralysis and paresis, decreased vision and hearing. Chest pain, cough, facial swelling, and difficulty swallowing may occur.

Pulmonary eosinophilia

The disease combines the following conditions:
1. Eosinophilic granulomas.
2. Pulmonary infiltrates (volatile).
3. Eosinophilic pulmonary vasculitis caused by various causes.
4. Eosinophilic

Eosinophilia is a marker of various pathologies, and during laboratory testing it is detected in the patient’s blood.

In the blood of a child’s body, this marker appears much more often than in an adult.

What are eosinophil molecules?

Eosinophils in the blood are a type of white blood cell molecule. Eosinophils get their name from the pink tint of the cytoplasm, and they are clearly visible in laboratory blood tests using microscopy techniques.

When determining in a laboratory, it is necessary to know not only the percentage ratio, but also their quantitative volume, which should not be more than 320 in one milliliter of blood plasma.

A quantitative increase in eosinophils in the blood plasma signals that the body is experiencing stress on the immune system. Neutralization of histamine in allergies relies on eosinophils, since they penetrate the localization of the pathology and reduce the effect of histamine, so their number in the blood plasma is large.

Eosinophilia

This pathology is not a primary disease, but its primary etiology; it is a very rare anomaly in the body and it occurs in oncological malignant neoplasms (cancer).

With malignant neoplasms, eosinophils appear in an abnormally increased volume in the bone marrow cells.

The etiology of the disease eosinophilia is quite broad, so the main cause of the disease can only be determined through a comprehensive laboratory clinical examination of the body, using instrumental examination of damaged organs.

Therapy for eosinophilia as an independent disease is not provided, and it is necessary to treat the pathology that provokes an increase in eosinophil molecules in the blood plasma.

ICD 10 code

According to the international classification of diseases of the tenth revision of ICD-10, this pathology belongs to class D 72.1, “Eosinophilia”, and is also classified as a secondary pathology involving the immune mechanism from code D 80 to D 89.

In some situations, the etiology cannot be determined, as with eosinophilic syndrome. High index eosinophil molecules in the syndrome remain constant, then the syndrome is classified according to the ICD - eosinophilia, and a drug therapy regimen is prescribed for it.

Standard indicators of eosinophil molecules

The norm is significantly different for an adult and a child, and there are also slight differences by gender:

• the normal index in the adult male body is 0.50% - 5.0% of the volume of all leukocytes in the blood plasma;
• the relative norm in the female adult body is from 0.50% to 5.0%, but the difference from male indicators is that during the menstrual period these indicators deviate slightly. The first phase of the menstrual cycle - an excess of eosinophils is recorded, and after ovulation of the egg - they are reduced;
• the standard for children from birth to 5 calendar years is 0.50% - 7.0%;
• The normative indicator for children from 5 years of age to 14 calendar years is from 1.0% - 5.0%.

From the results of a general analysis of peripheral capillary blood - the pathology of hypereosinophilic syndrome indicates the value of eosinophils in the blood plasma is more than 15.0% of the total volume of leukocytes.

Eosinophilia is divided according to the level of percentage increase in eosinophil molecules in the plasma blood composition:

• mild degree of pathology - no more than 10.0% of the total number of leukocytes;
• degree of moderate course of the disease - from 10.0% - 20.0% of the total volume;
• severe degree of the disease - more than 20.0% of the total concentration in the plasma of leukocytes.

General symptoms of eosinophilia pathology and why they are increased

Symptoms of eosinophilia pathology are determined by primary diseases that provoke an increase in eosinophils in the blood:

Symptoms of eosinophilia

With this pathology, an increase in eosinophils is observed, as well as pronounced symptoms of eosinophilia pathology:

Allergic etiology and Loeffler's syndrome

It is manifested by an excess of the normative units of eosinophils and leukocytes, and is also expressed in the following symptoms:

Gastric pathologies

With these pathologies, a high level of eosinophil molecules in the blood plasma provokes eosinophilic diseases and is expressed in the following symptoms:

• nausea, which leads to vomiting, after eating;
• pain in the abdomen, in the navel area;
• prolonged diarrhea;
• limb spasms;
• systematic constipation;
• jaundice;
• increased size of the liver and its painful condition.

Symptoms of blood pathology - a provocateur of eosinophilia

Elevated levels of histiocytosis, which provokes eosinophilia, indicate a lot; the characteristic symptoms are:

Symptoms of cancer tumors with eosinophilia

With malignant tumors in the peritoneum with eosinophilia, these symptoms appear:

• constant thirst;
• increase in abdominal volume;
• not intestinal functionality.

In the human nervous system

The following signs and symptoms appear on the part of the nervous system:

What test should you take? To make an initial diagnosis, it is necessary to take a general blood test. Peripheral capillary blood is suitable for this analysis.

If the CBC transcript showed high eosinophil indices, then the doctor collects anamnesis, examines the patient and makes a differential diagnosis.

The role of specialized methods of additional diagnostic studies is to establish an accurate diagnosis.

To test for eosinophilia, peripheral capillary blood is taken for a general analysis. For biochemistry, venous blood is required. All material (blood, urine, feces) for research must be freshly collected.

More information about venous blood -.

In order to obtain the most correct value of this study, it is necessary to properly prepare the body for the procedure of drawing blood and submitting urine for analysis:

• It is recommended to donate blood in the morning on an empty stomach;
• urine for the study of eosinophils must be collected and submitted in a sterile container;
• Urine collection should be carried out early in the morning;
• the last urination before collection for analysis should preferably be no less than 6 - 8 hours before this urine collection procedure;
• before collecting biological fluid urine, you need to wash the genitals and urinary organs with water without using gel or soap;
• correct collection of urine for general analysis - you need the first portion of urine when urinating, and the rest of it is drained, and the middle portion of urine is taken for study;
• the last meal should be at least 12 hours before blood collection and urine collection;
• within 48 hours before blood sampling and urine collection, follow a diet - do not eat fried, salty, fatty foods, and do not eat sweet foods;
• do not drink alcohol in the last 48 hours before submitting the material for analysis;
• stop smoking;
• stop taking medications at least 7 calendar days in advance.

Eosinophilia in children's bodies

The norms for eosinophil levels differ from the birth of the child to his adulthood stage. For a newborn infant, the normative index is not higher than 8.0%, and for a 5-year-old child - 6.0%.

Fluctuations in the concentration of eosinophils in the blood plasma are associated with weak immunity, which is only at the stage of formation, and the baby’s body is daily exposed to infections and the influence of allergens.

The child is faced with the root cause of allergies from the moment of birth. In its first year of life, the digestive system is formed and adapted to a variety of foods. During this period, the child’s first encounters with food allergens occur.

The child’s mucous membrane is too weak in the first years of life, and allergens affect it and provoke pathologies in the child’s body:

• diathesis - a skin reaction to a food allergen, manifested by a rash and itching;
• obstruction of bronchial type;
• urticaria disease.

During this period, eosinophilia manifests itself as a secondary pathology of such diseases of the child’s body:

• infectious scarlet fever;
• tuberculosis;
• infectious enterobiasis;
• infectious giardiasis.

By the age of 2, a child’s allergies to food go away, unless the baby has a congenital allergic pathology.

When eosinophilia manifests itself in children, it is necessary to carry out a differential diagnostic technique in order to exclude from the list the root causes of this pathology, hematopoietic diseases.

What are the reasons for increased eosinophils in children:

• drug allergy - a common childhood allergy to medications;
• infections that entered the baby during intrauterine development;
• worms;
• skin lesions;
• entry into the body of fungal pathogens;
• influence on the body of staphylococci;
• infectious vasculitis;
• lack of the microelement magnesium in the body.

Eosinophilia in a child’s body does not require special therapy. It is necessary to remove the root cause of the pathology and the disease will go away automatically.

Treatment

To treat eosinophilia, it is necessary to begin treatment for the underlying cause of the disease.

• Vermox medication;
• Dekaris remedy;
• drug Vermakar.

• medication Fenkarol;
• medicine Pipolfen;
• vitamin complex;
• preparations containing iron for anemia.

To reduce the levels of eosinophilia caused by an allergic root cause, you need to be treated with antihistamines:

• the drug Diphenhydramine;
• Parlazin;
• antihistamine Claritin;
• Fenkarol.

Also, for more severe allergic manifestations, hormonal drugs are prescribed:

• Prednisolone;
• Dexamethasone.

In addition to drug therapy, infusion treatment is performed.

Infants with diathesis are prescribed ointments on the skin or creams that have an antihistamine effect and hormonal components:

• Advantan cream;
• Celestoderm ointment;
• Epidel.

In order to reduce the allergic effect on the body, it is necessary to take sorbents - activated carbon.

In case of allergies to food products, it is necessary to remove from the diet those foods that cause attacks of an allergic reaction.

To treat eosinophilia in malignant neoplasms, the following groups of drugs are prescribed:

• cytostatics;
• hormonal drugs;
• immunosuppressants.

The entire medication course is prescribed according to the scheme, the dosage is calculated individually by a hematologist.

To prevent infections and bacteria from entering the body, treatment with antibacterial drugs, as well as antifungal medications, is supplemented.

To combat infection and immunodeficiency eosinophilia, vitamin complexes and a balanced diet are used in addition to general therapy.

Folk remedies

For the treatment of secondary eosinophilia, as well as eosinopenia, with folk remedies, herbal preparations and preparations based on medicinal plants are used.

In order to use traditional medicine, it is necessary to establish the root cause of the pathology. And then use medicinal plants in order to reduce or increase the concentration of eosinophils in the blood.

To treat the allergic root cause, decoctions and infusions of the following plants are used:

• raspberries;
• wormwood grass;
• sage;
• rose hip plant;
• cabbage leaves;
• grass succession;
• creeping wheatgrass;
• viburnum.

To eliminate the root cause of helminthiases, the following are used:

• pumpkin seed kernels;
• blue iodine solution.

Low eosinophil index - eosinopenia

A decrease in the eosinophil index is detected during a general blood test.

The root causes of a low eosinophil index in the blood are:

• surgical interventions in the body;
• inflammations that occur in a chronic stage with constant relapses;
• burns over a large area of ​​skin;
• infections that have been in the body for a long period of time and have passed the adaptation stage;
• intoxication of the body, especially alcohol poisoning reduces the concentration of eosinophils;
• body overload;
• constant stressful situations;
• state of shock;
• severe injuries to the body;
• malignant oncological tumors;
• sepsis in internal organs;
• insomnia;
• long-term use of corticosteroid medications.

Pregnancy and childbirth can cause a decrease in the eosinophil index, as well as increase their level.

The danger of eosinophilia

The danger of this pathology lies in its negative consequences and in its complicated form. A complicated form of eosinophilia occurs if for a long period it is not possible to diagnose and identify the root cause of the pathology.

Complicated eosinophilia affects the internal life-support organs of the body:

• brain - causing hypoxia, which leads to stroke;
• lungs - causes oxygen starvation of organ cells, which leads to pulmonary edema;
• cardiac organ - provokes coronary insufficiency, which can lead to ischemia of the heart muscle and myocardial infarction;
• cause disturbances in the gastrointestinal tract and pathologies in the digestive system;
• deviations in the functioning of all centers of the nervous system.

During pregnancy, eosinophilia can cause a number of serious complications:

• inflammation in the kidneys - pyelonephritis;
• inflammatory process in the bladder - cystitis;
• interruption by the body of the intrauterine formation of the fetus - fetal fading;
• miscarriages;
• premature birth of a child - premature baby;
• obstructed passage of the child through the birth canal.

Prevention

Necessary preventive measures to prevent deviations from the norm in the eosinophil index, which provoke the development of eosinophilia pathology in the body, are aimed at preventing the occurrence of primary eosinophilia pathologies.

Prevention of diseases that provoke this disease is:

• observe the rules of personal and intimate hygiene;
• be sure to wash your hands after visiting crowded places: after traveling on public transport, after visiting a market or store, after undergoing a preventive examination at a clinic, and so on;
• prohibit a small child from taking a toy picked up from the floor into his mouth, as well as putting his fingers in his mouth;
• healthy lifestyle;
• accustom the child to body hardening procedures;
• food culture is products that are as rich in vitamins as possible, as well as cooking methods. If possible, avoid the frying method of preparing food. It is recommended, especially for children, to steam, bake and boil foods;
• timely preventive diagnostics of the body and identification of provoking diseases at the initial stage of their development;
• timely treatment of diseases that can cause an increased eosinophil index, as well as a decrease in their composition in the blood plasma.

Forecast

Eosinophilia is a blood pathology that signals many diseases in the body. Eosinophilia is a marker that shows disturbances in the functioning of the immune system, or overexertion of the immune system. Even a slightly increased eosinophil ratio indicates penetration of an infectious agent into the body.

Timely diagnosis and treatment of primary diseases leads to the fact that the disease is completely cured and therefore the prognosis is favorable.

A complicated form of eosinophilia, with damage to vital organs, as well as pathology that is provoked by oncological tumors - the prognosis in 80% of cases is unfavorable.

Eosinophilia is a disease that occurs for certain reasons, as a result of which a significant increase in the total number of special blood cells - eosinophils - is observed in the blood. This disease can develop against the background of other pathological processes.

Causes and signs of eosinophilia

Eosinophilia can occur in both children and adults. At the moment, doctors can list the main reasons that provoke blood disorders. It is highly recommended to follow preventive measures to prevent such a failure from occurring.

If characteristic symptoms appear, it is important to immediately seek help from a doctor in order to prevent the disease from progressing.

Causes

Based on the results of numerous observations and studies, doctors note that the cause of eosinophilia in adults is most often other diseases, including:

• helminthic infestations;
• skin diseases;
• allergic pathologies (asthma, Quincke's disease, hay fever, urticaria, dermatitis, allergic rhinitis and some other pathologies);
• blood diseases;
• lung problems;
• autoimmune diseases;
• gastrointestinal pathologies;
• cancer diseases;
• rheumatic pathologies;
• immunodeficiency states.

Doctors have information that the level of eosinophils in the blood may increase while taking certain pills and medications:

• anti-tuberculosis;
• antibiotics;
• drugs containing sex hormones;
• vitamins belonging to group B.

Symptoms

Since eosinophilia is provoked mainly by other pathological processes, the main symptoms are signs characteristic of the disease that provoked the growth of eosinophils. Also, symptoms directly depend on the degree of eosinophilia.

If reactive and autoimmune diseases are the main cause of the pathology, patients complain of poor health and the following manifestations of eosinophilia:

• weight loss;
• joint pain;
• temperature increase;
• congestive;
• damage to veins and arteries;
• pulmonary fibrosis.

• increase in the size of the spleen and liver;
• muscle and joint pain;
• nausea, dizziness;
• loss of appetite, weight loss;
• swelling, rash;
• cough with signs of asthma;
• dyspnea;
• chest pain.

If a mild degree of eosinophilia in an adult was provoked by allergic diseases, then the patient begins to observe the following manifestations:

• rash;
• blisters;
• ulcers on the skin surface.

With pathological processes in the stomach or intestines, problems arise with the elimination of toxins, which provokes the manifestation of eosinophilia. In these cases, patients complain of a burning sensation in the lower abdomen (in both men and women). Cramps, nausea and vomiting may also occur. On examination, signs of jaundice may be revealed when the liver becomes enlarged.

If eosinophilia occurs during inflammatory processes in structures and tissues, due to the development of lymphogranulomatosis, patients experience:

• weakness;
• cough;
• fever.

If the pathology is a consequence of a malignant neoplasm, patients experience increased thirst, experience intestinal obstruction, and experience pain in an enlarged abdomen. They also experience impaired vision and hearing, and disruption of the swallowing process.

The classification of the disease is based on several factors. Depending on the degree of progression of the pathology, the quantitative indicator of eosinophils already present in the blood, the following degrees of the disease are distinguished:

• low;
• average;
• high.

Detection and treatment of pathology

If characteristic symptoms occur, patients should seek medical help. Their health depends on their behavior.

Medicine has modern tools and equipment, using which it is possible to overcome even very complex pathologies. Doctors emphasize that going to the clinic earlier is conducive to a speedy recovery.

Diagnosis of the disease

It is impossible to make a diagnosis of eosinophilia based on symptoms alone. For this reason, doctors direct the patient to undergo differential diagnostics, the main goal of which is not only to confirm the presence of a pathological process, but also to accurately identify a specific disease. The choice of treatment methods and, accordingly, the result of recovery depend on how accurately the diagnosis is established.

Initially, signs of pathology are detected during a general blood test for eosinophilia. The results of such an analysis also help to identify. In addition, a biochemical blood test is performed.

The following are subject to laboratory diagnostics:

• urine;
• nasal swab.

In addition to laboratory tests, doctors refer patients for other types of diagnostics:

• X-ray of the lungs;
• bronchoscopy;
• puncture of the affected joint.

When carrying out such a comprehensive diagnosis, it is possible to recognize eosinophilia, which, according to the international classification, has an ICD 10 code - D72.1.

Treatment of eosinophilia

Due to the fact that the number of eosinophilic blood cells can constantly increase, causing significant deterioration in health, the treatment process must be started immediately.

Directing efforts to treat only eosinophilia is pointless, since in this case the main pathology that provoked the failure remains unattended. It is for this reason that doctors develop a medical care scheme in which initial efforts are directed towards eliminating the primary pathology.

In some cases, it is necessary to review previously prescribed treatment and prohibit the use of medications that provoke negative changes in blood cells.

Eosinophilia in children

Unfortunately, this disease can be detected even in a baby. It is possible to establish the pathological process already during the procedure. Doctors note that the increased number of eosinophils in newborns who were born ahead of schedule is short-term in nature. As the baby grows, as soon as the newborn gains weight corresponding to physiological indicators, the signs of eosinophilia in such children disappear.

As children grow up, they may still encounter this problem due to:

• allergies;
• helminthic infestations;
• toxocariasis;
• gastroenteritis.

Statistics show that there are children predisposed to this pathology. Poor heredity increases the risk of eosinophilia.

Eosinophilia during pregnancy

Some women have to deal with this disease during pregnancy. The main reason is infection with worms. When carrying out laboratory tests in pregnant women, traces are revealed:

• roundworms;
• dwarf tapeworm;
• whipworm;
• pinworms.

Against the background of helminthic infection and the development of eosinophilia, pregnant women experience:

• vomiting;
• nausea;
• weakness.

They are characterized by fainting and a condition in which blood pressure is reduced.

Against the background of eosinophilia, related problems arise:

• anemia;
• protein in urine;
• pyelonephritis;
• cystitis.

Eosinophilia in pregnant women can provoke various complications, which include:

• miscarriages;
• premature birth.

It is difficult for such women to give birth to a baby because they cannot bear the fetus.

So, eosinophilia is a serious disease that should be under the supervision of a doctor. The sooner treatment is started, the faster and more successfully your health will be restored.

There are eosinophils in human blood - special cells, the increased content of which is called eosinophilia. It is worth noting that this word is suitable to describe not a separate disease, but a symptom of other ailments. Increased levels of eosinophils cause these cells to infiltrate other tissues. For example, in the secretion discharged from the nose, eosinophils can be found during a runny nose of an allergic nature, and in asthma in combination with bronchitis, they accumulate in the lungs.

For an adult, the normal level is considered to be from 0.02x109/l to 0.3x109l of eosinophils. In infections, eosinophilia can be considered a favorable sign, as it indicates the patient's recovery. However, in other cases, it can indicate unfavorable processes occurring in the body. Understanding the reasons for the increased content of these cells in the blood will help to understand this.

Causes

The causes of eosinophilia are varied. In general, twelve prerequisites for this condition can be identified:

1. Lung diseases: sarcoidosis, pulmonary infiltrate, eosinophilic pneumonia.
2. Malignant tumors: cancer of the vagina or penis, Williams tumor, skin cancer, and so on.
3. Rheumatic diseases: rheumatoid arthritis, eosinophilic fasciitis and so on.
4. Immunodeficiency conditions, for example, immunoglobulin deficiency.
5. Taking certain medications, for example, aspirin, penicillin antibiotics, sex hormones, and so on.
6. Other diseases: scarlet fever, liver cirrhosis, chorea, congenital heart defects and others.

Symptoms

Eosinophilia manifests itself depending on the disease or process that caused it. For example, with autoimmune and reactive diseases, symptoms such as anemia, joint pain, fever and weight loss are observed.

Skin and allergic diseases are characterized by the appearance of rashes, itching, blisters, dry skin and detachment of the epidermis. Damage to the gastrointestinal tract leads to disruption of the intestinal microflora, and this, in turn, slows down the process of cleansing of toxins, which affects the content of eosinophils. In this case, symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, cramps, pain near the navel, signs of hepatitis and diarrhea are observed.

The external manifestation of blood disease is skin and frequent infectious diseases. If a person has developed lymphogranulomatosis, he complains of joint pain, fever, weakness, cough and other symptoms. Eosinophilia in lymphomas manifests itself as a decrease in motor activity, an increase in temperature and a decrease in body weight. As you can see, the causes of eosinophilia and symptoms are closely related.

Diagnostics

In order to identify deviations in the number of eosinophils, it is necessary to take a general blood test. Such a study will allow us to calculate the ratio of these cells, which will help make a diagnosis.

The pathological condition may manifest itself as signs of anemia, that is, when the number of red blood cells is reduced. It is very important to immediately identify the disease that caused eosinophilia. Biochemical analysis of urine, feces and blood will help with this.

Treatment

It is clear that eosinophilia is not treated as a separate disease. Treatment is aimed at the cause that led to this blood condition. Therefore, the doctor, after clarifying it, will prescribe an effective treatment regimen aimed at the underlying disease.

The dosage and types of medications also depend on the causes of the increased number of eosinophils and on the stage and severity of the disease. The person may have to give up the medications he was previously using.

Prevention

Since eosinophilia is not an independent disease, it can be avoided if you monitor the general condition of the body and its individual organs. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out timely diagnosis and adhere to the prescribed treatment. Of course, a healthy lifestyle significantly reduces the risk of many diseases, and therefore increases the level of eosinophils in the blood.

The normal content of eosinophilic granulocytes in peripheral blood is 1-5% of the number of leukocytes, or 120-350 cells in 1 μl (0.12-0.35 G/l). For newborns, the characteristic eosinophilia is >700/μl until 10-14 days after restoration of body weight; in 75% of premature infants, this syndrome persists up to 2-3 weeks. The degree of eosinophilia is calculated depending on the absolute number of eosinophils in the peripheral blood. There are three degrees of eosinophilia: I. Minor: from 500 to 1500 in 1 μl; II. Moderate: from 1500 to 5000 in 1 µl; III. Expressed: more than 5000 per µl.

Mechanism of development of eosinophilic syndrome

The mechanism of development of eosinophilic syndrome is divided into immunoglobulin-dependent and immunoglobulin-independent, which is important to establish at the first stage of diagnosis. An increase in total and specific IgE, IgG (Ig G4) indicates an allergic or helminth-invasive process. Normal or reduced levels of immunoglobulins do not exclude allergic diseases and, in the presence of eosinophilic syndrome, may indicate an oncological, hematological, or immunodeficiency process.

Leukogram, eosinophil count (absolute).

Proteinogram, liver, kidney tests, acute phase indicators.

Nazitogram of the nasal mucosa.

Urine analysis, stool analysis for helminth eggs.

X-ray examination, computed tomography.

Lymphangiography.

Echocardiography, Doppler ultrasound.

Endoscopy, bronchoscopy with brush biopsy.

Bone marrow puncture.

Morphological studies.

The figure shows a step-by-step algorithm for diagnosing eosinophilic syndrome in children.

Treatment of eosinophilic syndrome

To inhibit the proliferation of eosinophils, their activation products, and degranulation, the following are used: glucocorticoids, myelosuppressive drugs, α-interferon, leukotriene antagonists and inhibitors, membrane stabilizers of dangerous cells, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, drugs that inhibit the predominance of the Th-2 lymphocyte response, monoclonal antibodies. In children with an atopic phenotype, specific immunotherapy with allergens is used.

Antihistamines

Antihistamines of all generations block H1-histamine receptors. However, first generation antihistamines have a number of disadvantages, and therefore they are less often used in treatment.

Disadvantages of first generation antihistamines:

Short duration of action (1.5-3 hours), which requires increasing the frequency of administration.

Incomplete binding of H1 receptors (approximately 30%).

Penetration through the blood-brain barrier, which causes drowsiness and weakness.

Tachyphylaxis (addiction after 7-10 days).

Binding with other receptors (α-adreno-, M-cholinergic receptors, which causes the occurrence of tachycardia, conduction disturbances with an increase in the QT interval, dry mucous membranes, thickening of bronchial secretions, dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary system, stimulation of appetite, development of glaucoma).

Potentiation of the sedative effect of CNS depressants.

II generation drugs are currently the standard of H1-antihistamine therapy.