Once again about nonessential and essential amino acids and protein. About essential amino acids

Essential amino acids include those amino acids that the athlete’s body is not able to reproduce on its own; these amino acids enter the body only with protein foods. Many of you may have wondered, Let us list which essential amino acids are included.

• Valin. This amino acid bypasses the filter barrier in the liver and is used by every muscle fiber in the body.
• Histidine. This amino acid absorbs ultra-violet rays. It is extremely important for the blood, takes part in the creation of red and white blood cells. Certain doses of this amino acid can cure anemia, allergies, artiritis and ulcers of the gastrointestinal tract.
• Isoleucine. Fills muscles with strength. Contributes to more rapid recovery, as well as the creation of hemoglobin.
• Leucine. Slows down the destruction of muscle fiber, helps quickly heal wounds, bones and tendons.
• Lysine. Helps maintain oxygen balance in the body, growth of bones, cartilage, and collagen creation.
• Methionine. Helps increase antioxidant levels (glutathione) and lower cholesterol levels. Helps eliminate toxins.
• Threonine. Removes toxins. Reduces fat in the liver.
• Tryptophan. Helps in testosterone synthesis.
• Phenylalanine. Helps in mental work, improves memory, improves mood. Treats depression, reduces appetite.

Conditionally essential amino acids - these are amino acids that, at a particular age and type of metabolism in a particular person, are not created in the required volume. Let's list the conditionally essential amino acids.

• Arginine. Promotes the production of insulin, glucagon and testosterone. Participates in wound healing and helps improve the immune system. Has close contact with testosterone production.
• Tyrosine. Improves mood, helps in the production of many elements.
• Cysteine. Destroys many toxic substances. Improves immunity.

Fortunately for people who don't eat meat, poultry, or fish, you can find all the essential amino acids in plant foods. Such nutrition will have a beneficial effect on the body positive effect, but it can be called healthy and balanced if there is a good variety of these plant products. Here is a list of herbal products that completely replace meat products, according to essential amino acids: grain products, legumes (beans, soybeans, lentils, peas, beans), mushrooms, nuts (peanuts, walnuts, cashews, almonds, hazelnuts, pine), seeds (pumpkin, wheat, flax, sesame), chickpeas, eggs, rye, brown rice, lentils, dairy products (milk, cheese, sour cream, kefir, yogurt, cottage cheese), bananas, dates.

Essential amino acids in meat for people whose diet includes meat: beef meat, pork meat, lamb meat, beef liver, chicken meat, turkey meat, pink salmon, carp, Atlantic salmon, herring, cod, shrimp fillet, squid fillet. As you can see, absolutely all essential amino acids have their own analogues, depending on your food preferences. And at the same time, it is not necessary to limit yourself only to meat foods and believe rumors that plant foods will not be able to provide the required volume and quantity of essential amino acids for the body.

The lack of essential amino acids is, of course, that they are not able to be produced in the body independently and a person must supplement their volumes in the body daily with food intake. A lack of some essential amino acids in the body can harm a person in some cases. And so, the main difference between non-essential amino acids and essential ones: essential amino acids are not synthesized in the human body, non-essential ones are synthesized.

Biosynthesis of non-essential amino acids

Modern scientific research tells us that humans, during their development, lost the ability to produce all amino acids. Nonessential amino acids(alanine, aspartic and glutamic acids and their amides, asparagine and glutamine) are obtained as a result of transamination from intermediate metabolites - 2-keto acids. Proline is produced in the required volume from glutamate, and serine, glycine and cysteine ​​are themselves natural metabolites of the human body.

The biological role of essential acids is to be an indispensable material in the construction of all muscle fibers, individual cells of bones, cartilage and hair. Without amino acids, human life seems impossible. It is impossible to live, grow and develop normally. The presence of a huge variety of amino acids in an athlete’s diet and large volumes of consumption will help the body function normally. Protein containing amino acids is the basis of the diet of any person. Essential amino acids provide the structure and catalytic functions of enzymes and hormones.

In fact, the building material is not the proteins themselves that we eat, but the amino acids they contain. Once in our body, protein is broken down into amino acids, but from them, in turn, our muscles, bones, hair, nails and other necessary tissues, and not only our body, are built.

So, briefly, what is protein or protein:

Building materials, in particular hair, skin, nails, muscles. In addition, it is vital for the health of neurotransmitters and good level energy.

Proteins are very large molecules consisting of amino acid residues, and it is precisely what role this or that amino acid plays (i.e., what function it performs) that determines what the protein is and what its value is, i.e. How valuable are the amino acids that make up it? From the amino acids received with food, after our wonderful body breaks down the incoming proteins, it independently builds the proteins it needs.

Only plants can synthesize all the amino acids they need. For us, people, and for our little friends, pets, it is necessary to get the necessary or so-called. essential amino acids, along with food.

It is important that beef, chicken, eggs, pork and milk are not the only sources essential amino acids! Plant products can also perfectly provide our body with amino acids for the construction of proteins and form complete proteins.

Of the 22 amino acids that exist, 9 are essential. Some amino acid sources (such as hemp seeds) contain all the essential amino acids, although all herbal products can form complete proteins once they enter the body.

Basic essential amino acids:

1. Leucine.

Promotes muscle strength and muscle growth, helps regulate blood sugar levels by coordinating insulin in the body during and after physical exercise and may even help treat depression, in other words, it acts on the formation of neurotransmitters in the brain. Is a specific source of energy for cellular level, strengthens the immune system, promotes fast healing wound

Where we get it: seaweed, pumpkin, peas and pea whites, all rice, sesame seeds, watercress, turnip greens, soybeans, sunflower seeds, beans, figs, avocados, raisins, dates, apples, blueberries, olives and even bananas.

2. Isoleucine.

Helps the body produce energy and hemoglobin. Promotes muscle growth and development, regulates blood sugar, and utilizes cholesterol. Helps reduce stress by suppressing the secretion of the stress hormone cortisol.

Where we get it: rye, soybeans, cashews, almonds, oats, lentils, beans, brown rice, cabbage, hemp seeds, chia seeds, spinach, pumpkin, pumpkin seeds, sunflower and sesame seeds, cranberries, quinoa, blueberries, apples and kiwi.

3. Lysine.

Helps the body absorb calcium and produce collagen. A deficiency of this amino acid can lead to nausea, depression, fatigue, muscle wasting and even osteoporosis.

Where we get it: beans (best), watercress, hemp and chia seeds, spirulina, parsley, avocado, soy protein, almonds, cashews, some legumes with lentils and chickpeas.

4. Methionine.

Promotes the formation of cartilage tissue in the body, contains sulfur. Sulfur is a mineral that has important in the production of bone and cartilage tissue. Deficiency leads to arthritis and poor tissue healing. Methionine also promotes the formation of creatine, necessary for optimal cellular energy levels.

Where do we get it: sunflower oil and sunflower seeds, hemp and chia seeds, brazil nuts, oats, seaweed, wheat, rice, whole grain rice, beans, legumes, onions, cocoa and raisins.

5. Phenylalanine.

This amino acid comes in three forms: L-phenalynaline ( natural shape protein), D-phenalynaline (chemically produced form) and DL phenalynaline (a combination of both forms).

Plays an important role in the body: it is converted into tyrosine - a building material chemical substances brain and hormones thyroid gland. A deficiency of this amino acid can lead to brain fog, lack of energy, depression, decreased appetite or memory problems.

Where we get it: spirulina and other algae, pumpkin, beans, rice, avocados, almonds, peanuts, quinoa, figs, raisins, greens, most berries, olives and seeds.

6. Threonine.

Supports a healthy immune system, heart, liver and health central system. It also helps maintain protein balance in the body to restore energy. This amino acid also helps connective tissue and joints, producing glycine And serine in the body - two essential amino acids necessary for healthy bones, skin, hair and nails. It helps digestion as well as the liver by regulating the amount of fatty acids.

Where we get it: watercress and spirulina (there is more of it than in meat), pumpkin, greens, hemp and chia seeds, soya beans, sesame and sunflower seeds, sunflower oil, almonds, avocados, figs, raisins, quinoa and wheat. Sprouted grains are also excellent sources of this amino acid.

7. Tryptophan.

The most famous relaxing amino acid:), vital for health nervous system and the brain, in addition, is necessary for good night, recovery, muscle growth and general function neurotransmitters. As we already know, it is found in turkey, milk and cheese. In addition, tryptophan is converted into serotonin (the neurotransmitter of happiness), which leads to reduced levels of stress and depression. But of course there are plenty plant sources tryptophan!

Where do we get it: oats and oat bran, seaweed, hemp and chia seeds, spinach, watercress, beans, pumpkin, sweet potatoes, parsley, asparagus, mushrooms, all salads, leafy greens, beans, avocado, figs, pumpkin, celery, peppers, carrots, peas, onions, apples, oranges, bananas, quinoa, lentils and peas.

8. Valin.

Essential for optimal muscle growth and recovery. Also responsible for endurance and maintenance good health muscles. Suppresses the secretion of the hormone cortisol.

Where we get it: beans, spinach, legumes, broccoli, sesame and hemp seeds, chia seeds, soybeans, peanuts, whole grain, rice, avocados, apples, sprouted grains and seeds, blueberries, cranberries, oranges and apricots.

9. Histidine.

This amino acid helps transport neurotransmitters (chemical messengers) to the brain and also general condition muscle health. Helps detoxify the body by producing red and white blood cells, necessary for general health and immunity. Deficiency can lead to arthritis, sexual dysfunction and even deafness.

Where we get it: rice, wheat, rye, seaweed, beans, beans, melon, hemp and chia seeds, buckwheat, potatoes, cauliflower and corn.

So, if for some reason we decide to give up eating meat, we are by no means in for a complete atrophy muscles, hair loss, etc. Construction material for proteins in our body can be found in a huge number plant products. :)

Wishing you all Shine and Prosperity in the New Year!

Greetings to blog readers! Everything that comes to us with food breaks down into many molecules. Including amino acids. And 9 of these organic molecules are essential amino acids for humans. Their lack threatens developmental disorders, depression and other disorders. Let's figure out why they are so special. And where are they distributed? 🙂

Protein enters our body with food. Under influence digestive enzymes, it will break down into amino acids. There are essential and non-essential amino acids. They can be called organic molecules, compounds, substances. Therefore, when eating food, rich in protein, we “build” our body.

We can synthesize nonessential amino acids ourselves. And we have to take the essential ones from food, since we do not have a special enzyme for their formation

Replaceable and essential amino acids, table:

There are also conditionally irreplaceable organic compounds. I marked them with an asterisk in the table. They can be synthesized in the body. But in such microdoses that in certain situations (for example, injury), we need to take them from food. But more about them a little later.

Let's now deal with the irreplaceable builders. The names may be difficult to remember, but you will definitely remember their action.

• Valin restores muscles. An excellent source of energy.
• Histidine– improves hematopoiesis. It also helps repair muscles and helps them grow. For joints to be healthy, this amino acid is needed. Contained in hemoglobin.
• Isoleucine– participates in the process of hemoglobin production. Keeps blood sugar under control. Increases a person's energy and helps increase endurance.
• Leucine– this is our additional protection. It is involved in strengthening the immune system. Acts as a blood composition stabilizer. The sugar content has increased - he lowers it. If the level of leukocytes is too high (inflammation), it lowers them and uses the body’s reserves for resistance. This same organic molecule boosts our energy.

• Lysine. Oh, this is a molecule we desperately need. It is essential for us to absorb calcium, which forms and strengthens bones. Involved in the formation – attention, girls – of collagen. Improves hair condition. There is a pleasant effect for men here too - it is an excellent anabolic, it increases muscles. Among other things, it increases female libido and male strength. Guys, do you understand what I mean? 😉
• Methionine– improves digestion and liver function. An excellent assistant in fat processing. Facilitates the period of toxicosis in pregnant women. Renders positive impact for hair health.
• Threonine– helps digestive system And gastrointestinal tract function normally. Stimulates protective functions body (immunity), helps in the formation of elastin and collagen. For the liver it is indispensable assistant. Threonine prevents fat from being deposited in the liver.
• Tryptophan is the protector of our emotional well-being. The production of serotonin (this is the hormone of joy) is included in the work of tryptophan. It acts on us as a relaxant: it normalizes sleep, helps us feel better, lifting our mood. Stabilizes appetite, has a positive effect on the functioning of the heart and the condition of the arteries.
• Phenylalanine. Our brain uses phenylalanine to synthesize norepinephrine - it is needed to transmit signals from nerve cells into the brain. The important properties of this amino acid are: stabilizing mood, suppressing unhealthy appetite, improving memory, increasing sensitivity. Phenylalanine helps relieve pain.

In fact, scientists are still arguing about how many amino acids are essential for humans. But this list is closest to the truth at the moment.

In case of a lack of these substances, disorders such as weight loss and deterioration of the immune system, digestive and gastrointestinal functions.

For those who play sports, a lack of these chemical compounds impairs the performance of their workouts. The chance of injury also increases.

Essential amino acids for athletes

These “builders” are needed by everyone without exception: a growing, working, elderly organism. For trainees and those who play intense sports, special nutrition is required.

The main functions of irreplaceable “builders” and their role in nutrition during sports:

• growth of the whole organism;
• restoration of damaged muscles after training;
• maintaining normal mental state and increased intellectual activity;
• production of anabolic hormone;
• protein synthesis;
• inhibition of catabolism. From this, damaged muscles are restored qualitatively;
• burning unnecessary fats;
• energy sources.

Proven by scientific research that for training people, additional intake of essential amino acids is exclusively beneficial. Before, during and after exercise, taking these substances increases protein formation.

Thus, a training person will recover faster and his physical indicators will improve.

Where are essential amino acids found?

They are present in abundance in meat and in food of animal origin in general. There are also plenty of them in seafood and fish.

Scientists for a long time It was believed that only products of animal origin contain components necessary for humans that form protein. They thought that only animal proteins could build human body. And here is the protein plant origin cannot be as complete for a person. This claim has now been refuted. Research by Swiss and German scientists has given the following results - plant foods also contain a lot of protein, which is absorbed by the body. You just have to eat a little more than meat.

What to eat is everyone’s personal choice. Here is a list of what foods to look for essential amino acids in.

Conditionally essential amino acids

They are so named because they themselves are produced in the body. We only get a larger share through food.

1. Tyrosine: increases thinking abilities, vigor, reduces stress levels. Helps us resist viral infections, strengthening the immune system. This organic molecule is found in all animal products. In plant foods, tyrosine is found in rice, leafy vegetables, peanuts.
2. Cysteine: removes toxins. Sources: meat, fish, soy, onion, wheat germ, red pepper, egg yolk, oats.

Daily value of essential amino acids

I will write about how much in grams a person needs so that there is no deficiency of essential amino acids. The norm is indicated on the basis that a person weighs 60 kg or close to this weight.

If your weight is 60 +/- a couple - three kilograms, then daily norm histidine – 2.1 g. Amino acid valine in this case – 3.5 g. Leucine will need 5 g. Organic molecule lysine: the norm for you is 4 g. Isoleucine you need per day – 3.5 g. Indispensable chemical compound methionine – 3 g. Tryptophan and threonine need 2.5 g each. Phenylalanine – norm 3 g.

What to do if you are missing essential amino acids

A lack of these substances may occur if you eat solid fast food. And even then, you have to try. It's another matter if you are actively training. Then you simply need to take additional medications containing beneficial substances.

For those who are intensely involved in strength sports, regular nutrition is not enough. That's why sports nutrition definitely a must buy. You can buy this food after thoroughly studying the composition and properties of the product. Now the domestic manufacturer produces excellent products. And the price-quality balance is not inferior to foreign manufacturers. Such products can be found in pharmacies too. But it’s better to buy it in a special store.

Symptoms of essential amino acid deficiency

• appetite will decrease;
• you will feel overwhelmed, lethargic, sleepy;
• symptoms of anemia will be observed - dizziness, darkening of the eyes, fainting;
• the body's resistance to infections will decrease;
• Hair will begin to noticeably fall out.

There is no need to make a diagnosis and select treatment on your own. It's better to go to the doctor.

The lack of these extremely useful substances- a terrible thing. Eat where they are found and everything will be okay. An excess of essential amino acids is also an unpleasant thing. Too much great content of these substances in the body is fraught with disruption of the thyroid gland, problems with joints, disruption of cardio-vascular system and brain.

Eat high-quality and healthy food

1. Include dairy and fermented milk foods in your diet.
2. Boil, stew, bake or steam meat and fish. Eat them with vegetables and fresh herbs.
3. Make snacks from nuts and seeds - 50 g per day is enough. Also eat during the day fresh berries, vegetables and fruits - only in season. In winter, eat dried and frozen fruits.
4. Eat legumes, grains and cereals with vegetables and herbs.

If your menu is something like this, then you are safe. Friends! If you learned something new and interesting, then share it on social networks. And don't forget the blog. And I will continue to examine the topic of healthy and healthy nutrition. See you later!

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Puc. 7-Z Structural symbols of amino acids according to Wellner and Meister.

The adopted system of abbreviations helps to visually depict the schemes of peptide syntheses.

The abbreviations discussed (and the abbreviations that will be used in the following) comply with the rules adopted by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) and the International Union of Biochemistry (IBU). In addition, single-letter symbols have also been introduced, which are used to depict the structures of proteins and long peptide sequences, as well as for computer calculations.

The first abbreviation system for amino acids and peptides was published by Brann and Edsall in 1947. System graphic image amino acids, proposed by Wellner and Meister, takes into account structural features amino acid chains (Fig. 1-2).

1.2. Natural amino acids

IN Currently, about 180 different natural amino acids are known. Especially many amino acids are isolated for last years after the development of purification methods and the success of amino acid analysis, systematic studies of animal and plant material were undertaken.

The first natural amino acid isolated was asparagine. It was isolated in 1806 by Vauquelin and Robiquet from asparagus juice. This amino acid belongs to 20 amino acids that are the main components of animal and plant proteins, and their integration into the protein molecule is regulated by genetic code information. The next section is devoted to these so-called “proteinogenic” amino acids.

1.2.1. Proteinogenic amino acids

Amino acids involved in the formation of proteins can be classified according to different signs. According to the position of the isoelectric point, acidic, basic and neutral amino acids are distinguished; according to the structure of the side chain R - aliphatic, aromatic and heterocyclic. Hydroxyamino acids additionally contain OH groups; sulfur-containing amino acids have thiol or thioester groups in their side chain. An independent group is formed by the imino acids proline and hydroxyproline, in which the secondary amino group -NH- is part of the pyrrolidine ring.

Based on the polarity of the R side chain, polar and nonpolar amino acids are distinguished. TO nonpolar amino acids include glycine and alanine, as well as hydrophobic amino acids - valine, leucine, isoleucine, proline, methionine and phenylalanine. TO polar amino acids include series, threonine, cysteine, asparagine, glutamine and tryptophan (neutral compounds), aspartic and glutamic acids and tyrosine (acidic hydrophilic amino acids), as well as lysine, arginine and histidine (basic hydrophilic amino acids). Hydrophilic polar compounds increase the solubility of peptides and proteins in aqueous systems, while cetrapolar amino acids are responsible for the catalytic activity of enzymes. In contrast to non-polar hydrophobic amino acids, polar amino acids are usually found on the surface of the protein molecule.

Based on the structure of the compounds resulting from the cleavage of the carbon chain of proteinogenic amino acids, they are distinguished glucoplastic (glucogenic) And keplastic (ketogenic) amino acids. Glucoplastic amino acids - glycine, alanine, serine, threonine, valine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, arginine, histidine, methionine and proline. When there is a lack of carbohydrates in the body, they are converted into glucose (gluconeogene) or glycogen through oxaloacetic acid and phosphoenolpyruvic acid. The only ketoplastic amino acid is leucine. Isoleucine, tyrosine and phenylalanine can be both gluco- and ketoplastic.

In addition, biochemists distinguish between nonessential and essential amino acids, depending on whether they can be formed in the body or must be supplied with food.

Essential amino acids. Plants and some microorganisms can produce all the amino acids they need to synthesize cellular proteins. Animal organisms are capable of synthesizing only 10 proteinogenic amino acids. The remaining 10 cannot be obtained through biosynthesis and must be constantly supplied to the body in the form of dietary proteins. Their absence in the body leads to life-threatening phenomena (growth retardation, negative nitrogen balance, protein biosynthesis disorder, etc.). Rose et al. proposed the name “essential amino acids” (HAK) for these amino acids. In table 1-2 shows the essential amino acids for the human body and the minimum daily requirement in them.

Table 1-2. The minimum daily requirement of the human body for essential amino acids

Some essential amino acids, such as methionine, can be introduced into the animal's body in the form of D- or D-compounds, but their absorption rate is much lower compared to L-series amino acids. First, oxidative deamination occurs using a specific D-amino acid oxidase. The resulting a-keto acid is then stereospecifically transaminated to an L-amino acid. Generally speaking, HAKs can be replaced by intermediate products of their biosynthesis, for example the corresponding keto acids.

The need for HAK, determined by the nitrogen balance method, is different for different animal poisons and largely depends on physiological state body. For example, the essential amino acids arginine and histidine are necessary for young mammals during growth to maintain metabolism. adult Not needed. Both of these amino acids, along with others, are part of the active centers of many enzymes. They serve to recognize and bind negatively charged substrates and cofactors. Lack of arginine can cause male impotence.

During pregnancy the need increases female body in tryptophan and lysine, in infants - in tryptophan and isoleucine. The body's need for essential amino acids especially increases after big losses blood, burns, as well as during other processes accompanied by tissue regeneration.

For birds, glycine is an essential amino acid. In ruminants, the biosynthesis of all HAKs is carried out by microorganisms of the intestinal tract, and nitrogen compounds (ammonium salts, urea) are required in sufficient quantities. For humans, providing the body with HAK is the most important task of nutrition. High " biological value» have only a few animal proteins, such as squirrel chicken egg or protein mother's milk. They contain HAK not only in sufficient quantities, but also in the ratio necessary for humans. Low value Numerous plant proteins are associated with their low content of individual essential amino acids (mainly lysine and methionine). Important components of the mixed feed are fish meal and soybean meal. The protein in soybean flour and the protein in feed yeast is low in methionine, and in corn there is little lysine and tryptophan. The deficiency can be compensated by adding the missing amino acid or by a suitable combination of other proteins.

In table Figures 1-3 show the HAK content of some important natural proteins. Conspicuous lysine in yeast cultivated on petroleum products, which, however, are poor in methionine.

IN In the hydrolysates of some proteins, in addition to proteinogenic amino acids, there are other amino acids, the appearance of which is due to changes in the side chains after protein biosynthesis (section 3.6.2.1). These are 4-hydroxyproline and 5-hydroxylysine of collagen, the pyridine amino acids desmosine and isodesmosine of elastin, as well as N-methylated lysine of some muscle proteins.

Table 1-3.

1.2.2. feed

IN Non-proteinogenic amino acids In plants and microorganisms, in particular, there are amino acids that do not participate in the formation of proteins. They are formed during increased need in nitrogen, for example during bud formation or seed germination, or are stored in the form of soluble substances. Many amino acids formed during metabolism lower organisms

, have antibiotic properties. They act as amino acid antagonists, that is, they are competitive inhibitors during metabolism, delaying certain steps of amino acid biosynthesis or promoting the formation of false sequences during protein biosynthesis.

There is sometimes a close structural relationship between non-proteinogenic and proteinogenic amino acids. Thus, alanine corresponds to over 30 derivatives, differing in the substituents of the hydrogen atom of the methyl group. The substituent may be an amino group, such as in A,ß-diaminopropionic acids H2 N-CH2 -CH(NH2 )-COOH, existing in plants of the mimosa family; a cyclopropane ring can form, like the amino acid hypoglycine U4(1) found in various fruits 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic

acids (2).

C - - CH - CM 2 ~CH-COOH

SMA Stizolobinic acid

(3) in pea sprouts it contains a pyrone ring, the thyroid hormone thyroxine (4) - an iodine-substituted aromatic side chain:

CH2 -CH-coon Alanine derivatives include the isomeric 0-alanine H2 N-CH2 - -CH2 -COOH (the main component of coenzyme A) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, or DOPA, necessary for the formation of melanin (5). DOPA exists in a free state in beans. This amino acid is attributed side effect increase sexual arousal that occurs after eating beans. Great importance has DOPA in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Among other alanine derivatives, we note ß-pyrazolyl-alanine (6) and l-3-(2-furoyl)alanine

The glycine derivative sarcosine CH3 -NH-CH2 -COOH is an intermediate in amino acid metabolism; is part of actinomycin. a-(2-Imi- Nohexahydro-4-pyrimidyl)gliin(8) is a structural unit of chymostatin, a tetrapeptide of microbial origin (this group of tetrapeptides is inhibitors of the proteases chymotrypsin and papain). Isolated from

Streptomyces sviceus a-amino-3-chloro-2-isoxalsh-5-acetic acid (9) - an antibiotic with antitumor effect.

/ Representatives of the cysteine ​​series are diencolic acid(10) from East Asian beans, contained in hair and wool, lanthionine (11), alliin (12) of onion, homolog of methionine ethionine H5 C2 -S-CH2 -CH2 - -CH(NH2)-COOH, as well as homocysteine ​​HS-CH2, often found in mushrooms -CH2 -CH(NH2)-COOH.

CHj-CH-CHj-S-CHj-CHfNHjbCOCm

From compounds belonging to the series aminobutyric acid, interesting homoserine HOCHJ - CHJ - QNHJJ - COOH from Pisum sativum, contained in polymyxins b-a, u-diamineoil acid H2 N- -CH2 -CH2 -CH(NH2)-COOH, as well as antibiotic ъ-2-amino-4-(4"-amino-

22 Natural Amino Acids

2",5"-cyclohexadienyl)oil acid (13) and component one of the peptide antibiotics 1.-2-amino-4-(methylphosphino)butyric sour

ta (14).

Canavanine, as a competitive inhibitor, prevents the penetration of arginine through cell membranes and can be incorporated into proteins instead of arginine.

Representatives of a number of imino acids are common in legumes and microorganisms pipecolic acid(17), and also found in lilies and agaves azetidine-2-carboxylic acid (18).

The proline antagonist azetidine-2-carboxylic acid is a toxin found in the endemic lily of the valley. The action of this toxin is based on the fact that the protein biosynthesis apparatus cannot distinguish proline from azetidine carboxylic acid. The lily of the valley itself is protected from the uncontrolled incorporation of this acid into its own proteins due to the presence of a highly specific prolyl-tRNA synthetase.

Also belongs to the group of imino acids l-trans-2,3-dicarboxyaziri- din (19) from Streptomyces culture. The antibiotic o-cycloserine (20) acts as a D-alanine antagonist and interferes with the synthesis of D-alanine, which is necessary for the construction of bacterial cell walls.

What are proteins made of? Protein molecules consist of amino acids that enter our body with food. In turn, proteins are divided into complete and incomplete. Complete proteins, these are those proteins that contain all 8 essential amino acids (valine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, tryptophan, methionine, threonine, phenylalanine). Amino acids are in turn divided into essential and essential amino acids. Our body is able to synthesize non-essential amino acids on its own, while essential amino acids are found in food products and must enter our body with food. The main thing we need to understand at this stage of reading is that proteins are built from amino acids, and not the other way around.

Until the sixties, it was generally accepted that the main source of protein for our body was the meat of killed animals, fish, seafood, eggs, etc. - products of animal origin. I hasten to disappoint the corpse eaters who are in discussions where to get protein for vegans and vegetarians They cite as an argument precisely the myth that meat contains every single essential amino acid. Yes, that’s true, meat contains all the amino acids that our body needs. Nobody argues with this... But there is one thing - in what quantities??? Below is amino acid content table, which clearly shows amino acid content products of plant (natural, living) origin contain much more than animal corpses.

Now we know that proteins are built from amino acids and that pure form found in vegetation. What is stopping you now from giving up eating corpses and starting to live and eat consciously, without causing pain and suffering to our smaller brothers???

Of course, I understand that slaughterhouses and meat production are a multi-billion dollar business, but it’s time to face the truth. And they also say that man is the crown of nature... Well... I’m ashamed of such a crown, frankly speaking. If it’s a crown, it’s most likely a tombstone...

I am sure that after reading this article, most will have new excuses, like protein digestibility And so on and so forth. Read literature, I no longer need to prove anything to anyone. And as I already wrote at the beginning of the article, people are lazy, ignorant and illiterate creatures... It is beneficial for people to think that what is in meat more protein that there are more amino acids in meat, just to continue killing animals. If only I could continue to live in a half-asleep, unconscious state... Well, why, it’s profitable to live... A kind of Matrix...

Well, that’s a minority, those people for whom this article helped look at eating animal products from a slightly different angle - welcome and come with me! There will be more to come!