Treatment with high frequency currents. Electrotherapy - treatment using current

Physiotherapeutic methods are successfully used at the rehabilitation stage for various diseases. They allow you to completely eliminate the residual symptoms of the disease. Some procedures can be used as an alternative method of treatment: for example, for spinal ailments and nervous system. Especially this method therapy is suitable for patients who have any contraindications to taking medicines. One type of physiotherapy is diadynamic therapy. The use of diadynamic currents in medicine was discovered in 1946 by the French physician Pierre Bernard, which is why the second name of this therapeutic method- Bernard's currents. In the same year, the use of currents was introduced into medical practice.

During the pathological process, accumulation of oxidation products occurs in the affected tissue area. This leads to a change in the charge of the electric field in positive side. As a result, nerve endings are activated, tissue function is disrupted and pain occurs. To return normal charge to tissues, diadynamic therapy is used. It is based on the use of electrical currents for therapeutic purposes, the frequency of which is 50–100 Hz, low voltage (60–80V) and strength up to 50 mA.

IN medical institutions a stationary DDT apparatus is used to deliver impulses to tissues. The procedure is carried out under the supervision of a doctor. You can use diadynamic current treatment at home using a portable device without spending a lot of money. The most commonly used devices for treatment with diadynamic currents are: “Tonus 2M”, “SNIM”, “Diadynamic”. The current frequency range of some devices (for example, Endomed-481) allows it to be used for treatment with diadynamic and interference currents (alternating currents of sound frequency).

Physiotherapeutic equipment for creating alternating current consists of a generator and electrodes. One device can operate in several modes:

continuous supply of high-frequency current ensures accelerated transmission of electrical impulses and a rapid therapeutic effect;
continuous supply of reduced frequency current (half the standard) is used to treat patients with poor tolerance to this type of physiotherapy or in the presence of concomitant diseases;
supply of alternating current of various frequencies is used for restorative treatment of relatively healthy patients.

Physiotherapy of DDT is carried out in a lying position, less often - sitting (depending on which position provides better access to the source of influence). The strength of the impact is determined individually depending on the patient’s medical history and sensations during the procedure. To achieve the desired effect, it is important to completely relax the patient, especially the muscles that are affected by the current. The electrodes should not directly touch the skin; to do this, they are insulated with oilcloth. Diadynamic currents with a frequency of 50 Hz cause a burning sensation, tingling, and sometimes painful vibration. The frequency of 100 Hz is felt as a fine vibration and is easier to tolerate. The standard voltage is 2–30 mA. As sensations decrease, the current strength gradually increases.

Therapeutic effects of diadynamic currents on the body

The use of DDT is one of the most effective methods of treatment. DDT physiotherapy has a tonic effect on any tissue of the human body that contains a sufficient amount of water - in turn liquid media electric charge goes faster. Therefore, all therapeutic effects occur on soft tissues:

the analgesic effect is achieved by blocking nerve receptors and is greatly enhanced thanks to different frequencies supplied electricity;
the effect of relaxing muscles that are in a spasmodic state as a result of blocking nerve endings and passive training of smooth and skeletal muscles with repeatedly passing electric current;
the vascular effect occurs when exposed to circulatory system, expansion of the vascular wall and improvement of blood flow are achieved, this contributes to a more complete saturation of tissues with oxygen and necessary nutrients; thanks to this effect of diadynamic currents, headaches are reduced, blood pressure and heart rate return to normal, and overall well-being improves;
reducing swelling and accelerating healing wound surfaces by normalizing blood supply and removing toxins from the body.

Diadynamophoresis

Drug diadynamophoresis involves the simultaneous impact on the patient’s body of Bernard currents and pharmaceuticals, introduced using electrical impulses. DDT, in contrast to galvanic current, which is used in classical electrophoresis, has a more diverse effect.

Forez medicines used to treat diseases with deeply localized lesions. First of all, the goal of diadynamic therapy is to achieve an analgesic, vasodilating, trophic and resorption effect. Therefore, analgesics (Novocaine) and vasodilators (aminophylline) are administered using phoresis. Medicines delivered to tissues using physiotherapy with Bernard currents penetrate deeper into the tissues, are absorbed faster into the blood and enter the internal organs.

Indications for the use of diadynamic currents

Due to the wide variation in combinations of effects and the possibility of simultaneous administration of medications, diadynamic therapy is used in the treatment of various diseases accompanied by pain and stiffness of movement. When using this type of physiotherapy, the therapeutic effect can be obtained after the first session.

DDT is used to treat the following diseases:

problems of the musculoskeletal system of a degenerative-dystrophic nature: osteochondrosis of any parts of the spine varying degrees heaviness, spondylosis, epicondylitis, spinal hernia;
joint damage: arthrosis, including deforming arthrosis, polyarthritis, bursitis, rheumatoid arthritis;
pathological joint mobility due to injuries and operations;
muscle strain in athletes;
dislocations and fractures without the use of metal elements of osteosynthesis, their complications, soft tissue injuries;
diseases digestive tract: gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers in remission, disorders of the functioning of the gallbladder and intestines;
pathology of the genitourinary system;
cardiovascular pathologies: atherosclerosis in the initial stage of development, hypertension of I and II degrees, varicose veins in the initial stage, Raynaud's syndrome;
acute lesions of the peripheral nervous system: polyneuropathy and neuralgia, radiculitis, plexitis, neuritis;
infectious and inflammatory diseases;
pathology connective tissue: adhesions and keloid scars;
ENT pathology: chronic rhinitis, sinusitis;
ophthalmological, dental and dermatological diseases accompanied by pain and itching;
bronchial asthma, bronchitis and other diseases of the respiratory system.

Thanks to a wide range of electrodes, manipulation can be carried out on any part of the body except the head, even on small joints of the hand. However, when treating chronic diseases, the cause of which cannot be eliminated, unpleasant symptoms may recur within a few days. Side effects often occur in the form of skin irritation. But performing the procedure on modern devices allows you to avoid unpleasant consequences diadynamic therapy.

Contraindications to diadynamic therapy

Bernard currents are contraindicated in certain pathological processes. In this case, their use will not bring the required therapeutic effect and can even cause harm. There is a risk of deterioration of the patient's condition if the following diseases are present:

angina pectoris, arrhythmias, myocardial infarction;
allergic, inflammatory lesions skin;
neoplasms;
increased or decreased blood clotting;
impaired skin sensitivity;
exhaustion;
general serious condition sick;
individual intolerance to the method;
tuberculosis of the lungs or kidneys in the active stage;
traumatic injuries, process in the acute period;
mental illness in the acute stage;
increased body temperature;
thrombophlebitis in the area exposed to current;
epilepsy of various forms;
the presence of metal implants, a pacemaker;
skin damage in the procedure area;
urolithiasis and cholelithiasis, if impact on the relevant areas is expected);
purulent skin diseases;
an allergic reaction to the drug administered using diadynamophoresis cannot be ruled out;
during radiotherapy and for 2 weeks after it.

Due to the fact that during such a physical procedure the muscles undergo rhythmic contraction, the use of electrical impulse therapy is prohibited during pregnancy, especially in the abdominal and lumbar areas.

Methodology of the procedure

The greatest effectiveness is achieved by treatment with Bernard currents, carried out in a hospital setting using professional devices. An important component of the procedure is the monitoring of the patient’s condition by a medical professional throughout the entire treatment session.

The essence of the procedure:

Electrodes are applied to the skin over the lesion, for fixation of which bandages or bags of sand are used; the shape and size of the electrodes are different, depending on the disease and location;
the device turns on - electrical current is supplied to the electrodes;
Using the regulator, the required current strength is set, first the patient feels slight tingling, then burning;
At the end of the session, slight redness may appear on the skin.

During the procedure to avoid the development adverse reactions It is important that the patient reports all sensations and changes in well-being.

Therapeutic effects are achieved through the following mechanisms:

the device is positioned on the body in such a way that the electrodes run in a direction transverse to the painful area;
electric currents are supplied through two differently charged electrodes, and a negatively charged cathode is applied directly to the painful point;
the generated electric field has a directional movement through the affected tissue;
diadynamic currents pass repeatedly through the damaged tissue, each time shifting the charge towards equilibrium;
standard session duration is no more than 30 minutes;
the interval between procedures is at least 3 hours, the frequency of sessions is no more than 1–2 times daily;
a course of diadynamic therapy consists of 8–10 sessions, the break between which should be at least 2 weeks.

The choice of therapy method should be made for each patient individually. Despite all the positive effects of using Bernard currents, its use in some patients can lead to the development of severe side effects and complications.

MOTIVATION

The most promising direction modern physiotherapy further improvement of pulsed rhythmic effects in the treatment of various pathological conditions, since impulse influences in a certain specified mode correspond to the physiological rhythms of functioning organs and their systems.

OBJECTIVE OF THE LESSON

Learn to use techniques to treat diseases:

Electrosleep;

Transcranial electroanalgesia;

Short-pulse electroanalgesia;

Diadynamic therapy;

Electrodiagnostics;

Electrical stimulation and electropuncture.

TARGET ACTIVITIES

Understand the essence of the physiological action of low-frequency pulsed currents. Be able to:

Determine indications and contraindications for the use of low-frequency pulsed currents;

Choose adequate view therapeutic effects;

Prescribe procedures independently;

Assess the effect of pulsed currents on the patient’s body.

Study the principles of operation of the devices “Electroson-5”, “LENAR”, “Tonus-3”, “Miorhythm”.

INFORMATION BLOCK

Pulse methods of exposure to physical factors are the most adequate stimuli for the body, and in case of impaired functions, their therapeutic effect is most effective. The main advantages of pulsed physiotherapy techniques:

Selectivity of action;

Possibility of deeper impact;

Specificity;

Absence fast addiction tissues to the physical factor;

Therapeutic effects with the least stress on the body.

Pulse currents consist of rhythmically repeating short-term changes in electrical voltage or current. The possibility of using pulsed current for a stimulating effect on various organs, tissues and systems of the body is based on the nature of electrical impulses that imitate the physiological effect nerve impulses and causing a reaction similar to natural arousal. The action of electric current is based on the movement of charged particles (ions of tissue electrolytes), as a result of which the usual composition of ions on both sides of the cell membrane changes and physiological processes develop in the cell, causing excitation.

Excitability can be judged by the smallest stimulus strength required to produce a reflex response, or by the threshold current strength, or by the threshold potential shift sufficient to generate an action potential. When talking about excitability, concepts such as rheobase and chronaxy are used. These concepts were introduced into physiology in 1909 by L. Lapik, who studied the smallest (threshold) effect of excitable tissues and determined the relationship between the strength of the current and the duration of its action. Rheobase (from the Greek “rheos” - flow, flow and “basis” - course, movement; base) is the smallest force of direct electric current that causes excitation in living tissues with a sufficient duration of action. Rheobase, like chronaxy, allows one to assess the excitability of tissues and organs.

new in terms of the threshold strength of irritation and the duration of its action. Rheobase corresponds to the threshold of irritation and is expressed in volts or milliamps.

The rheobase value can be calculated using the formula:

where I is the current strength, t is the duration of its action, a, b are constants determined by the properties of the tissue.

Chronaxia (from the Greek “chronos” - time and “axia” - price, measure) is the shortest duration of action of a direct electric current of double the threshold force (double the rheobase), causing tissue excitation. As has been established experimentally, the magnitude of the stimulus that causes excitation in tissues is inversely proportional to the duration of its action, which is graphically expressed by a hyperbola (Fig. 6).

Changing the functional state of cells, tissues and organs under the influence of an external electrical stimulus is called electrical stimulation. Electrical stimulation includes electrodiagnostics and electrotherapy. Electrodiagnostics examines the body's response to electrical stimulation. pulse currents. Determined that irritant effect of a single current pulse depends on the steepness of the rise of its leading edge, the duration and amplitude of the pulse. The steepness of the rise of the front of a single pulse determines the acceleration of ions as they move. In addition, the effect of alternating electric current on the body depends significantly on its frequency. At a low pulse frequency (about 50-100 Hz), the displacement of ions is sufficient to have an irritating effect on the cell. At medium frequencies, the irritating effect of the current decreases. At a sufficiently high frequency (on the order of hundreds of kilohertz), the magnitude of the displacement of ions becomes commensurate with the magnitude of their displacement during thermal motion, which no longer causes a noticeable change in their concentration and does not have an irritating effect.

The threshold amplitude determines the maximum instantaneous displacement of ions and depends on the pulse duration. This relationship is described by the Weiss-Lapick equation (see Fig. 6).

Each point of the curve in Fig. 6 and points lying above the curve correspond to impulses that cause tissue irritation. Extremely short-term pulses do not have an irritating effect (the displacement of ions is commensurate with the amplitude

Rice. 6. Muscle electrical excitability curve (Weiss-Lapik).

vibrations during thermal movement). With fairly long pulses, the irritating effect of the current becomes independent of the duration. Pulse parameters that provide an optimal response to stimulation are used for therapeutic electrical stimulation. Modern development electronics provides the ability to obtain pulsed currents with any necessary parameters. Modern devices use pulses of various shapes, lasting from tens of milliseconds to several seconds, with a repetition rate from fractions of a Hertz to ten thousand Hertz.

Electroson

Electrosleep is a method of neurotropic non-pharmacological effects on the central nervous system with a constant pulse current of a rectangular configuration, low frequency (1-160 Hz) and low strength (10 mA). The method is harmless, lacking toxic effects, allergic reactions, addiction and accumulation.

It is believed that the mechanism of action of electrosleep is based on the direct effect of current on brain structures. The pulsed current, penetrating the brain through the openings of the orbits, spreads through the vascular and liquor spaces and reaches the sensitive nuclei cranial nerves, pituitary gland, hypothalamus, reticular formation and other structures. The reflex mechanism of electrosleep is associated with the effect of low-power direct current pulses on the receptors of the reflexogenic zone: the skin of the eye sockets and the upper eyelid. Along the reflex arc, irritation is transmitted to the subcortical formations and cerebral cortex, causing the effect of protective inhibition. In the mechanism of the therapeutic effect of electrosleep, the ability to nerve cells brain to assimilate a certain rhythm of pulse current.

By influencing the structures of the limbic system, electrosleep restores disturbances in the emotional, vegetative and humoral balance in the body. Thus, the mechanism of action consists of the direct and reflex influence of current pulses on the cerebral cortex and subcortical formations.

Pulse current is a weak stimulus that has a monotonous rhythmic effect on brain structures such as the hypothalamus and reticular formation. Synchronization of impulses with the biorhythms of the central nervous system causes inhibition of the latter and leads to the onset of sleep. Electrosleep has an analgesic, hypotensive effect, and has a sedative and trophic effect.

The electrosleep procedure is characterized by two phases. The first is inhibitory, associated with stimulation of subcortical formations by pulsed current and manifested by drowsiness, drowsiness, sleep, decreased heart rate, breathing, decreased blood pressure and bioelectrical activity of the brain. This is followed by a phase of disinhibition, associated with an increase in the functional activity of the brain, self-regulation systems and manifested by increased performance and improved mood.

Electrosleep has a calming effect on the body and causes sleep that is close to physiological. Under the influence of electrosleep, conditioned reflex activity decreases, breathing and pulse slow down, small arteries dilate, and blood pressure decreases; an analgesic effect is manifested. In patients with neuroses, weakening emotional stress and neurotic reactions. Electrosleep is widely used in psychiatric practice; at the same time, the disappearance of anxiety and sedation are noted. Indications for prescribing electrosleep to patients with chronic ischemic heart disease (CHD) and post-infarction cardiosclerosis:

Cardialgia;

Feeling of fear of death;

Insufficient effectiveness of sedatives and hypnotics.

Effects of electrosleep:

In the first phase:

❖ anti-stress;

❖ sedative;

❖ tranquilizing;

In the second phase:

❖ stimulating;

❖ relieving mental and physical fatigue.

To carry out electrosleep therapy procedures, voltage pulse generators of constant polarity and rectangular configuration with a certain duration and adjustable frequency are used: “Electrosleep-4T” and “Electrosleep-5”.

The procedures are carried out in a quiet, darkened room with a comfortable temperature. The patient lies on the couch in a comfortable position. The technique is retromastoid. Ocular electrodes with moistened hydrophilic pads 1 cm thick are placed on closed eyelids and connected to the cathode; occipital electrodes are fixed on the mastoid processes of the temporal bones and connected to the anode. The current strength is measured based on the slight tingling or painless vibration that the patient feels. If unpleasant sensations appear in the area where the electrodes are applied, the supplied current should be reduced, usually not exceeding 8-10 mA. The pulse frequency is selected depending on the functional state of the patient. For diseases caused by the development of organic, degenerative processes in the vessels and nervous tissue of the brain, the effect occurs if a pulse frequency of 5-20 Hz is used, and for functional disorders of the central nervous system - 60-100 Hz. Electrophoresis of medicinal substances can be performed simultaneously with electroson therapy. Procedures lasting from 30-40 to 60-90 minutes, depending on the nature pathological process, carried out daily or every other day; the course of treatment includes 10-20 exposures.

Indications for treatment:

Neuroses;

Hypertonic disease;

IHD (coronary insufficiency stage I);

Obliterating vascular diseases of the extremities;

Atherosclerosis of cerebral vessels in the initial period;

Bronchial asthma;

Rheumatoid arthritis in the presence of neurasthenia or psychasthenia;

Pain syndrome;

Phantom pain;

Post-traumatic encephalopathy (in the absence of arachnoiditis);

Schizophrenia during the period of asthenia after active drug treatment;

Diencephalic syndrome;

Neurodermatitis;

Toxicoses of pregnancy;

Preparing pregnant women for childbirth;

Menstrual dysfunction;

Premenstrual and menopausal syndrome;

Meteotropic reactions;

Logoneurosis;

Stressful conditions and prolonged emotional tension. Contraindications:

Current intolerance;

Inflammatory and dystrophic eye diseases;

Retinal disinsertion;

High degree of myopia;

Facial skin dermatitis;

Hysteria;

Post-traumatic arachnoiditis;

The presence of metal objects in the tissues of the brain and eyeball.

Transcranial electroanalgesia

Transcranial electroanalgesia is a method of neurotropic therapy based on the effect on the central nervous system of pulsed currents of a rectangular configuration with a frequency of 60-2000 Hz with variable and constant duty cycle.

The therapeutic effect is based on selective stimulation of the endogenous opioid system of the brain stem by low-frequency pulsed currents. Pulse currents change bioelectrical activity brain, which leads to changes in the activity of the vasomotor center and is manifested by the normalization of systemic hemodynamics. In addition, the release of endogenous opioid peptides into the blood activates regenerative-reparative processes at the site of inflammation.

Transcranial electroanalgesia is a method that has pronounced sedative (at a frequency of up to 200-300 Hz), tranquilizing (at 800-900 Hz) and analgesic (above 1000 Hz) effects.

Equipment and general instructions for performing procedures

To carry out transcranial electroanalgesia procedures, devices are used that generate rectangular pulses with a voltage of up to 10 V with a frequency of 60-100 Hz, a duration of 3.5-4 ms: "TRANSAIR", "ETRANS-1, -2, -3" - and a voltage of up to 20 B with a frequency of 150-2000 Hz (“LENAR”, “Bi-LENAR”). The strength of the analgesic effect increases when an additional constant component of the electric current is turned on. The optimal ratio of direct and pulsed current is 5:1-2:1.

During the procedure, the patient lies on the couch in a comfortable position. The frontomastoid technique is used: a bifurcated cathode with spacers moistened warm water or 2% sodium bicarbonate solution, is installed in the area of the superciliary arches, and the bifurcated anode is placed under the mastoid processes. After selecting the parameters of transcranial electroanalgesia (frequency, duration, duty cycle and amplitude of the constant component), the amplitude of the output voltage is gradually increased until the patient experiences a feeling of tingling and slight warmth under the electrodes. Duration of exposure is 20-40 minutes. The course of treatment includes 10-12 procedures.

For transcerebral electroanalgesia, sinusoidally modulated currents with the following parameters are also used:

Half-cycle duration 1:1.5;

Variable mode;

Modulation depth 75%;

Frequency 30 Hz.

Duration of the procedure is 15 minutes. The procedures are carried out daily, the course of treatment includes 10-12 manipulations. During the procedure, an electronic rubber half mask from an electrosleep device is used, replacing the plug with a plug device for the Amplipulse series device.

Indications for treatment:

Neuralgia of the cranial nerves;

Pain caused by vertebrogenic pathology;

Phantom pain;

Vegetodystonia;

Angina pectoris of functional class I and II;

Gastric ulcer and duodenum;

Neurasthenia;

Neurodermatitis;

Overwork;

Alcohol withdrawal syndrome;

Sleep disturbance;

Meteopathic reactions. Contraindications:

General contraindications to physiotherapy;

Current intolerance;

Acute pain of visceral origin (angina attack, myocardial infarction, renal colic, childbirth);

Closed brain injuries;

Diencephalic syndrome;

Thalamic syndrome;

Heart rhythm disturbances;

Damage to the skin where the electrodes are applied.

Treatment methods

At hypertension Stages I and II and ischemic heart disease for electrosleep, the orbital-retromastoid technique is used using a rectangular pulse current with a frequency of 5-20 Hz, lasting from 30 minutes to 1 hour, daily. The course of treatment consists of 12-15 procedures.

Transcranial electrotranquilization is carried out according to the frontal-retromastoid technique using a rectangular pulse current with a frequency of 1000 Hz, lasting 30-45 minutes daily. The course of treatment consists of 12-15 procedures.

For stable hypertension electrosleep is used using a rectangular pulse current with a frequency of 100 Hz (the first 5-6 procedures); then switch to a frequency of 10 Hz. Duration of procedures is 30-45 minutes. The course of treatment includes 10-12 daily procedures.

For diencephalic syndrome and neuroses electrosleep is used using a rectangular pulse current with a frequency of 10 Hz for a duration of 30 minutes to 1 hour, every other day. The course of treatment consists of 10-12 procedures.

Transcranial electrotranquilization is carried out according to the frontal-retromastoid technique using a rectangular pulse current with a frequency of 1000 Hz, lasting 30-40 minutes. The course of treatment includes 12-15 daily procedures.

For traumatic encephalopathy electrosleep is used according to the ocular-retromastoid method using a rectangular pulse current with a frequency of 10 Hz for a duration of 30 minutes to 1 hour, every other day. The course of treatment includes 10-12 procedures.

Short pulse electroanalgesia

Short-pulse electroanalgesia (transcutaneous electrical neurostimulation) is the effect on the pain site of very short (20-500 μs) current pulses, following in packs of 20-100 pulses with a frequency of 2 to 400 Hz.

The duration and frequency of current pulses used in short-pulse electroanalgesia are very similar to the corresponding parameters of pulses of thick myelinated Ap fibers. In this regard, the flow of rhythmic ordered afferentation created during the procedure excites neurons of the gelatinous substance posterior horns spinal cord and blocks the conduction of nocigenic information at their level. Excitation of interneurons in the dorsal horns of the spinal cord leads to the release of opioid peptides into them. The analgesic effect is enhanced by electrical impulse action on paravertebral zones and areas of referred pain.

Fibrillation of smooth muscles of arterioles and superficial muscles of the skin, caused by electrical impulses, activates the processes of utilization of algogenic substances (bradykinin) and mediators (acetylcholine, histamine), released during the development of pain. Increasing local blood flow activates local metabolic processes and local protective properties of tissues. Along with this, perineural edema decreases and depressed tactile sensitivity in areas of local pain is restored.

Equipment and general instructions for performing procedures

To carry out the procedures, the devices “Delta-101 (-102, -103)”, “Eliman-401”, “Bion”, “Neuron”, “Impulse-4”, etc. are used. During the procedures, electrodes are applied and fixed

in the area of projection of the pain focus. Based on the principle of their placement, peripheral electroanalgesia is distinguished, when electrodes are placed in areas of pain, exit points of the corresponding nerves or their projection, as well as in reflexogenic zones, and segmental electroanalgesia, in which electrodes are placed in the area of paravertebral points at the level of the corresponding spinal segment. Most often, two types of short-pulse electroanalgesia are used. In the first case, current pulses are used with a frequency of 40-400 Hz with a force of up to 5-10 mA, causing rapid (2-5 min) analgesia of the corresponding metamer, which persists for at least 1-1.5 hours. When exposed to biological active points(BAT) use current pulses with a force of up to 15-30 mA, supplied at a frequency of 2-12 Hz. Hypoalgesia develops after 15-20 minutes and affects, in addition to the area of influence, neighboring metameres.

The parameters of pulse currents are dosed according to amplitude, repetition frequency and duty cycle, taking into account the stage of development pain syndrome. Along with this, the patient’s appearance of hypoalgesia is taken into account. During the procedure, the patient should not have pronounced muscle fibrillations in the area where the electrodes are located. Exposure time - 20-30 minutes; procedures are carried out up to 3-4 times a day. The duration of the course depends on the effectiveness of pain relief.

Indications for treatment are pain syndromes in patients with diseases of the nervous system (sciatica, neuritis, neuralgia, phantom pain) and musculoskeletal system (epicondylitis, arthritis, bursitis, sprains, sports injuries, bone fractures).

Contraindications:

Current intolerance;

General contraindications to physiotherapy;

Acute pain of visceral origin (angina attack, myocardial infarction, renal colic, labor pains);

Diseases of the membranes of the brain (encephalitis and arachnoiditis);

Neuroses;

Psychogenic and ischemic pain;

Acute purulent inflammatory process;

Thrombophlebitis;

Acute dermatoses;

Presence of metal fragments in the affected area.

Diadynamic therapy

Diadynamic therapy (DDT) is a method of electrotherapy based on exposure to low-frequency pulsed current of a constant direction of a half-sinusoidal shape with an exponential trailing edge with a frequency of 50 and 100 Hz in various combinations.

DDT is characterized by an analgesic effect. The analgesic effect of DDT is due to processes developing at the level of the spinal cord and brain. Irritation by a rhythmic impulse current of a large number of nerve endings leads to the appearance of a rhythmically ordered flow of afferent impulses. This flow blocks the passage of pain impulses at the level of the gelatinous substance of the spinal cord. The analgesic effect of DDT is also facilitated by reflex stimulation of the endorphin systems of the spinal cord, resorption of edema and reduction of compression nerve trunks, normalization of trophic processes and blood circulation, elimination of hypoxia in tissues.

The direct effect of DDT on body tissue differs little from the effect of galvanic current. Reaction individual organs, their systems and the body as a whole is determined by the pulsed nature of the supplied current, which changes the ratio of ion concentrations at the surface of cell membranes, inside cells and in intercellular spaces. As a result of changing ionic composition and electrical polarization, the dispersion of colloidal cell solutions and the permeability of cell membranes change, the intensity of metabolic processes and tissue excitability increase. These changes are more pronounced at the cathode. Local changes in tissues, as well as the direct effect of current on receptors, cause the development of segmental reactions. Hyperemia under the electrodes, caused by vasodilation and increased blood flow, comes to the fore. In addition, when exposed to DDT, reactions caused by current pulses develop.

Due to the changing concentration of ions at the surface of cell membranes, the dispersion of cytoplasmic proteins and the functional state of the cell and tissue change. With rapid changes in ion concentration, the muscle fiber contracts (at low current strength, it tenses). This is accompanied by an increase in blood flow to the excited fibers (and to any other working organ) and an intensification of metabolic processes.

Blood circulation also increases in areas of the body innervated from the same segment of the spinal cord, including the symmetrical region. At the same time, blood flow to the affected area increases, as well as venous outflow, and the resorption capacity of the mucous membranes of the cavities (pleural, synovial, peritoneal) improves.

Under the influence of DDT, tone is normalized great vessels and collateral circulation improves. DDT affects the functions of the stomach (secretory, excretory and motor), improves the secretory function of the pancreas, stimulates the production of glucocorticoids by the adrenal cortex.

Diadynamic currents are obtained by one- and two-half-wave rectification of alternating mains current with a frequency of 50 Hz. To reduce adaptation to influences and increase the effectiveness of treatment, several types of current have been proposed, representing a sequential alternation of currents with a frequency of 50 and 100 Hz or alternating the latter with pauses.

A half-wave continuous (OH) half-sinusoidal current with a frequency of 50 Hz has a pronounced irritating and myostimulating property, up to tetanic muscle contraction; causes large unpleasant vibrations.

A full-wave continuous (DC) half-sinusoidal current with a frequency of 100 Hz has a pronounced analgesic and vasoactive property, causes fibrillar muscle twitching, and fine diffuse vibration.

A half-wave rhythmic (HR) current, the sendings of which alternate with pauses of equal duration (1.5 s), has the most pronounced myostimulating effect during current sendings, combined with a period complete relaxation muscles during a pause.

Current modulated by a short period (CP) is a sequential combination of currents ON and DN, following equal bursts (1.5 s). Alternation significantly reduces adaptation to exposure. This current first has a neuromyostimulating effect, and after 1-2 minutes it has an analgesic effect; causes the patient to feel a sensation of alternating large and soft gentle vibrations.

Long-period modulated current (LP) is a simultaneous combination of current pulses of 4 s and

DN current lasting 8 s. The neuromyostimulating effect of such currents decreases, but the analgesic, vasodilator and trophic effects gradually increase. The patient's sensations are similar to those in the previous mode of exposure.

Half-wave wave (HF) current is a series of half-wave current pulses with an amplitude that increases from zero to a maximum value within 2 s, remains at this level for 4 s, and then decreases to zero within 2 s. The total duration of the pulse is 8 s, the duration of the entire period is 12 s.

Full-wave (FW) current is a series of full-wave current pulses with an amplitude that varies in the same way as that of the OF current. The total duration of the period is also 12 s.

Diadynamic current has an injecting ability, which determines its use in medicinal electrophoresis techniques (diadynamophoresis). Inferior to galvanic current in terms of the amount of input medicinal substance, it promotes its deeper penetration, often potentiating its effect. It is best to prescribe diadynamophoresis when pain predominates.

Equipment and general instructions for performing procedures

To carry out DDT procedures, devices that generate impulses are used of different durations, frequencies and forms with different durations of pauses between sendings, such as “Tone-1 (-2, -3)”, “SNIM-1”, “Diadynamic DD-5A”, etc.

When carrying out the DDT procedure, hydrophilic electrode pads of the required size are moistened with warm tap water, wrung out, and metal plates are placed in the pad pockets or on top of them. Cup electrodes are placed in the area of maximum pain and are held by the handle of the electrode holder with your hand during the procedure. An electrode connected to the negative pole of the device - the cathode - is placed on the painful point; another electrode of the same area is placed next to the first at a distance equal to its diameter or more. With electrodes of different sizes, the smaller electrode (active) is placed on the painful point, the larger one (indifferent) is placed on a significant

distance (in the proximal part of the nerve trunk or limb). For DDT on the area of small joints of the hand or foot, water can be used as an active electrode: a glass or ebonite bath is filled with it and the bath is connected to the negative pole of the device through a carbon electrode.

Depending on the severity of the pathological process, the stage of the disease, the reactivity of the patient (the ability of tissue to differentially respond to the action of an external stimulus; in this case, the effect of a physiotherapeutic factor or changes in the internal environment of the body), individual characteristics organism and the therapeutic problems being solved, one or another type of DDT, as well as their combination, is used. To reduce addiction and gradually increase the intensity of the effect, 2-3 types of DDT current are used on the same area of the body.

The current strength is selected individually, taking into account the patient’s subjective sensations (slight tingling, burning, feeling of the electrode sliding, vibration, intermittent compression or muscle contraction in the area of influence). For DDT pain syndrome, the current strength is selected so that the patient feels a pronounced painless vibration (from 2-5 to 15-30 mA). During the procedure, addiction to the action of DDT is noted; this must be taken into account and, if necessary, the intensity of the impact must be increased. The duration of the procedure is 4-6 minutes in one area, the total exposure time is 15-20 minutes. The course of treatment includes 5-10 daily procedures.

Indications for treatment:

Neurological manifestations of spinal osteochondrosis with pain syndromes (lumbago, radiculitis, radicular syndrome), motor and vascular-trophic disorders;

Neuralgia, migraine;

Diseases and injuries of the musculoskeletal system, myositis, arthrosis, periarthritis;

Diseases of the digestive system ( peptic ulcer stomach and duodenum, pancreatitis);

Chronic inflammatory diseases of the uterine appendages;

Hypertension in the initial stages. Contraindications:

Current intolerance;

General contraindications to physiotherapy;

Acute inflammatory processes (purulent);

Thrombophlebitis;

Unfixed fractures;

Hemorrhages in the cavity and tissue;

Muscle and ligament ruptures.

Treatment methods

Diadynamic therapy in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia

Small round electrodes are used. One electrode (cathode) is installed at the exit site of one of the branches of the trigeminal nerve, the second - in the area of pain irradiation. Apply DN current for 20-30 s, and then CP current for 1-2 min. The current strength is gradually increased until the patient feels a pronounced painless vibration; the course of treatment includes up to six daily procedures.

Diadynamic therapy in the treatment of migraine

The patient's position is lying on his side. The effect is applied with round electrodes on a hand holder. The cathode is installed 2 cm behind the corner lower jaw to the area of the upper cervical sympathetic node, the anode - 2 cm above. The electrodes are placed perpendicular to the surface of the neck. Apply DN current for 3 minutes; The current strength is gradually increased until the patient feels pronounced vibration. The impact is carried out from both sides. The course consists of 4-6 daily procedures.

Diadynamic therapy for headaches associated with a hypotensive state, cerebral atherosclerosis (according to V.V. Sinitsin)

The patient's position is lying on his side. Small double electrodes on a hand holder are used. The electrodes are placed in the temporal region (at the level of the eyebrow) so that the temporal artery is in the interelectrode space. The CP current is applied for 1-3 minutes, followed by a change in polarity for 1-2 minutes. During one procedure, the right and left temporal arteries are affected alternately. The procedures are carried out daily or every other day, the course of treatment consists of 10-12 procedures.

Diadynamic therapy for the gallbladder area

The plate electrodes are positioned as follows: active electrode(cathode) with an area of 40-50 cm2 is placed on the projection area of the gallbladder in front, the second electrode (anode) with a size of 100-120 cm2 is placed transversely on the back.

The OB is used in a constant or variable operating mode (in the latter, the duration of the period is 10-12 s, the rise time of the leading edge and the fall of the trailing edge are 2-3 s each). The current strength is increased until pronounced contractions of the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall begin under the electrodes. The duration of the procedure is 10-15 minutes daily or every other day, the course of treatment consists of 10-12 procedures.

Diadynamic therapy on the anterior muscles abdominal wall Electrodes with an area of 200-300 cm 2 are placed on the abdominal wall (cathode) and in the lumbosacral region (anode). DDT parameters: OV-current in constant operating mode; The current strength is increased until pronounced contractions of the abdominal wall appear, exposure time is 10-12 minutes. The course of treatment includes up to 15 procedures.

Diadynamic therapy for the perineal area

Electrodes with an area of 40-70 cm2 are arranged as follows:

Above the symphysis pubis (anode) and on the perineum (cathode);

Above the symphysis pubis and on the perineal area under the scrotum (polarity depends on the purpose of the effect);

Above the symphysis pubis (cathode) and on the lumbosacral spine (anode).

DDT parameters: half-wave current in alternating operating mode, period duration 4-6 s. You can use syncopation rhythm in alternating operating mode. If tolerated well, the current strength is increased until the patient feels pronounced vibration. The duration of the procedure is up to 10 minutes daily or every other day, the course of treatment includes up to 12-15 procedures.

The impact of diadynamic therapy on the female genital organs

Electrodes with an area of 120-150 cm 2 are placed transversely above the pubic symphysis and in the sacral region. DDT parameters: DP with polarity change - 1 min; CP - 2-3 minutes, DP - 2-3 minutes. Procedures are carried out daily or every other day. The course of treatment consists of 8-10 procedures.

Diadynamic therapy for diseases of the shoulder joint

Plate electrodes are placed transversely on the anterior and posterior surfaces of the joint (the cathode is at the site of pain projection).

DDT parameters: DV (or DN) - 2-3 min, CP - 2-3 min, DP -

3 min. If there is pain under both electrodes in the middle of the treatment

With each type of current, the polarity is reversed. The current strength is increased until the patient feels a pronounced painless vibration. The course includes 8-10 procedures, performed daily or every other day.

Diadynamic therapy for bruises or sprains of a joint

Round electrodes are placed on both sides of the joint at the most painful points. They are exposed to the DN current for 1 minute, and then to the CP for 2 minutes in the forward and reverse directions. The current strength is increased until the patient feels the most pronounced vibration. Procedures are carried out daily. The course of treatment consists of 5-7 procedures.

Electrical stimulation

Electrical stimulation is a method of therapeutic treatment with pulsed currents of low and high frequency, used to restore the activity of organs and tissues that have lost normal function, as well as to change the functional state of muscles and nerves. Apply separate impulses; series consisting of several impulses, as well as rhythmic impulses alternating with a certain frequency. The nature of the reaction caused depends on:

Intensity, configuration and duration of electrical impulses;

Functional state of the neuromuscular system. These factors, which are closely related to each other, lie in

based on electrodiagnostics, allowing you to select the optimal parameters of pulse current for electrical stimulation.

Electrical stimulation supports muscle contractility, increases blood circulation and metabolic processes in tissues, prevents the development of atrophy and contractures. Procedures carried out in the correct rhythm and with the appropriate current strength create a flow of nerve impulses that enter the central nervous system, which in turn contributes to the restoration of motor functions.

Indications

Electrical stimulation is most widely used in the treatment of diseases of the nerves and muscles. Such diseases include various paresis and paralysis of skeletal muscles, such as flaccid, caused by disorders of the peripheral nervous system.

we have both spinal cord (neuritis, consequences of polio and spinal injuries with damage to the spinal cord), and spastic, post-stroke. Electrical stimulation is indicated for aphonia due to paresis of the laryngeal muscles, paretic condition respiratory muscles and diaphragm. It is also used for muscle atrophy, as primary, developed as a result of injuries. peripheral nerves and spinal cord, as well as secondary, resulting from prolonged immobilization of the limbs due to fractures and osteoplastic surgeries. Electrical stimulation is indicated for atonic conditions of smooth muscles internal organs(stomach, intestines, bladder). The method is used for atonic bleeding, to prevent postoperative phlebothrombosis, to prevent complications during prolonged physical inactivity, and to increase the fitness of athletes.

Electrical stimulation is widely used in cardiology. A single high-voltage electrical discharge (up to 6 kV), so-called defibrillation, is capable of restoring the functioning of a stopped heart and bringing a patient with myocardial infarction out of the condition clinical death. An implanted miniature device (pacemaker), which supplies rhythmic impulses to the patient’s heart muscle, ensures long-term effective functioning of the heart when its conduction pathways are blocked.

Contraindications

Contraindications include:

Gallstone and kidney stone disease;

Acute purulent processes in the abdominal organs;

Spastic state of muscles.

Electrical stimulation of facial muscles is contraindicated if their excitability increases, as well as with early signs of contracture. Electrical stimulation of the muscles of the limbs is contraindicated in case of ankylosis of the joints, dislocations until they are reduced, bone fractures until they are consolidated.

General instructions for performing procedures

Electrical stimulation procedures are dosed individually according to the strength of the irritating current. During the procedure, the patient should experience intense, visible, but painless muscle contractions. The patient should not experience any discomfort. Absence of muscle contractions or painful sensations indicate incorrect placement of the electrodes or inadequacy of the applied current. Duration of the procedure

pain is individual and depends on the severity of the pathological process, the number of affected muscles and the treatment method.

In physiotherapy, electrical stimulation is used mainly to influence damaged nerves and muscles, as well as the smooth muscles of the walls of internal organs.

Electrodiagnostics

Electrodiagnostics is a method that allows you to determine the functional state of the peripheral neuromuscular system using certain forms of current.

When a nerve or muscle is irritated by current, its bioelectrical activity changes and spike responses are formed. By changing the rhythm of stimulation, one can detect a gradual transition from single contractions to serrated tetanus (when the muscle manages to partially relax and contracts again under the influence of the next current pulse), and then to complete tetanus (when the muscle does not relax at all due to frequent repetition of current pulses). These reactions of the neuromuscular apparatus when irritated by direct and pulsed currents formed the basis of classical electrodiagnostics and electrical stimulation.

The main task of electrodiagnostics is to determine quantitative and qualitative changes in the response of muscles and nerves to stimulation by tetanizing and intermittent direct current. Repeated electrodiagnostic studies make it possible to establish the dynamics of the pathological process (restoration or deepening of the lesion), assess the effectiveness of treatment and obtain the necessary information for prognosis. In addition, a correct assessment of the state of electrical excitability of the neuromuscular system allows one to select optimal current parameters for electrical stimulation.

Electrical stimulation maintains contractility and muscle tone, improves blood circulation and metabolism in the affected muscles, slows down their atrophy, and restores high lability of the neuromuscular system. During electrical stimulation, based on electrodiagnostic data, the shape of the pulse current, the pulse repetition rate are selected, and their amplitude is regulated. In this case, pronounced painless rhythmic muscle contractions are achieved. The duration of the pulses used is 1-1000 ms. The current strength for the muscles of the hand and face is:

is 3-5 mA, and for the muscles of the shoulder, lower leg and thigh - 10-15 mA. The main criterion of adequacy is obtaining an isolated painless muscle contraction of maximum magnitude when exposed to a current of minimum strength.

Equipment and general instructions for performing procedures

To carry out electrodiagnostics, the Neuropulse device is used. For electrodiagnostics use:

Intermittent direct current with a rectangular pulse duration of 0.1-0.2 s (with manual interruption);

Tetanizing current with pulses of a triangular configuration, frequency 100 Hz and pulse duration 1-2 ms;

Square wave pulse current and exponential wave pulse current with pulse frequency adjustable from 0.5-1200 Hz and pulse duration adjustable from 0.02-300 ms.

The study of electrical excitability is carried out in a warm, well-lit room. The muscles of the area under study and the healthy (symmetrical) side should be as relaxed as possible. When carrying out electrodiagnostics, one of the electrodes (guide, with an area of 100-150 cm2) with a moistened hydrophilic gasket is placed on the sternum or spine and connected to the anode of the device. The second electrode, previously covered with hydrophilic fabric, is periodically moistened with water. During electrodiagnostics, the reference electrode is placed at the motor point of the nerve or muscle being studied. These points correspond to the projection of the nerves at their most superficial location or the entry points of the motor nerve into the muscles. Based special research R. Erb at the end of the 19th century. compiled tables indicating the typical location of motor points where muscles contract at the lowest current strength.

For myoneurostimulation, the Miorhythm and Stimul-1 devices are used. In case of minor lesions of nerves and muscles, devices for DDT and amplipulse therapy (in straightened mode) are also used for electrical stimulation. Stimulation of internal organs is carried out using the Endoton-1 apparatus.

The Stimul-1 device generates three types of pulse currents. For electrical stimulation with this device, plate electrodes with hydrophilic pads of various sizes are used,

as well as strip electrodes of a special design. In addition, electrodes on the handle with a push-button breaker are used. The location of the points is noted by the doctor during electrodiagnostics.

For electrical stimulation of nerves and muscles in case of pronounced pathological changes, a bipolar technique is used, in which two equal-sized electrodes with an area of 6 cm2 are placed as follows: one electrode (cathode) - at the motor point, the other (anode) - in the area of transition of the muscle into the tendon, in distal section. With the bipolar technique, both electrodes are placed along the stimulated muscle and fixed with a bandage so that muscle contraction is unimpeded and visible. During electrical stimulation, the patient should not experience any unpleasant pain; After contracting a muscle, it needs to rest. The greater the degree of muscle damage, the less frequently the contractions caused (from 1 to 12 contractions per minute), the longer the rest after each contraction. As muscle movements are restored, the frequency of contractions is gradually increased. With active stimulation, when the current is turned on simultaneously with the patient’s attempt to produce a volitional muscle contraction, the number and duration of impulses are regulated with a manual modulator.

The current strength is adjusted during the procedure, achieving pronounced painless muscle contractions. The current strength varies depending on the muscle group - from 3-5 mA to 10-15 mA. The duration of the procedure and the course of electrical muscle stimulation depends on the nature of the muscle damage and its severity. Procedures are carried out 1-2 times a day or every other day. The course of treatment is 10-15 procedures.

Indications for electrical stimulation:

Flaccid paresis and paralysis associated with nerve injury, specific or nonspecific inflammation of the nerve, toxic damage to the nerve, degenerative diseases of the spine;

Central paresis and paralysis associated with violation cerebral circulation;

Muscle atrophy due to prolonged physical inactivity and immobilization bandages;

Hysterical paresis and paralysis;

Postoperative intestinal paresis, various gastric dyskinesia, intestines, biliary and urinary tracts, ureteral stones;

Muscle stimulation to improve peripheral arterial and venous circulation, as well as lymphatic drainage;

Increasing and strengthening the muscle mass of athletes. Contraindications:

Current intolerance;

General contraindications to physiotherapy;

Acute inflammatory processes;

Contracture of facial muscles;

Bleeding (except dysfunctional uterine);

Bone fractures before immobilization;

Dislocations of joints before reduction;

Ankylosis of the joints;

Bone fractures before their consolidation;

Cholelithiasis;

Thrombophlebitis;

Condition after acute cerebrovascular accident (first 5-15 days);

Suture of a nerve or vessel during the first month after surgery;

Spastic paresis and paralysis;

Violations heart rate(atrial fibrillation, polytopic extrasystole).

Today there are many unique techniques treatment of various diseases that have a direct effect on the human body magnetic fields, current pulses, laser, etc.

One of the most popular techniques is magnetic therapy, which is effective and indicated for many diseases and pathologies.

To treat various pathological diseases, doctors use pulsed currents in physiotherapy. Exposure to currents occurs in a certain rhythm, which is set on a special medical device that corresponds to the rhythms of any internal system or organ. human body, the frequency of the supplied pulses also changes.

Intended use in medicinal purposes pulses of low-frequency current can cause a number of the following diseases and manifestations:

electrical stimulation of muscle tissue;
pain relief;
antispastic effect;
action that has a vasodilating effect;
obesity;
diabetes;
damage to the neuromuscular system;
hyperthyroidism;
other diseases of the endocrine system;
cosmetic skin problems;
disturbances of intestinal motility;
diseases of the pelvic organs (genitourinary system).

During the procedure, the effect on the muscles of pulsed currents is replaced by so-called rest phases. With each subsequent action, the amplitude of the pulse current and its rhythm smoothly increase and, thus reaching the highest point, and then also smoothly decrease its value to zero.

Electrodes through which an electric current pulse is applied are placed on certain points on the patient’s body, through which a specific muscle group is affected. The current strength is calculated by the doctor in such a way as to visually see muscle contractions, but at the same time not cause the patient a feeling of discomfort during the procedure. Typically the current can be between 10 and 15 mA. As a rule, the course of treatment consists of 15 to 20 procedures, each of which lasts 15 or 30 minutes.

Pulsed currents are used in different types of physiotherapy:

Electroson. With this type of physiotherapy, low-intensity portions of current pulses are exposed, thus normalizing the functionality of the central nervous system. This effect occurs through the head receptors. Classic electrosleep uses pulses at frequencies from 1 to 150 Hz, with a duration of 0.2 to 0.3 ms. With this procedure, bifurcated electrodes are applied to both eyes of the patient, as well as to the mastoid area. As a result of such manipulation, normalization is noted brain activity, improving blood circulation, the functioning of all internal organs and systems.
Diadynamic therapy. It is carried out using low-frequency polysine wave pulses, with a frequency from 50 to 100 Hz. Pulses are applied separately or in a process with continuous alternation of short and long periods. The epidermis resists the effects of such a current, causing hyperemia, dilation of the walls of blood vessels and increased blood circulation. At the same time, muscle tissue and the nervous system are stimulated, resulting in a general therapeutic effect. Thus, the circulatory system, in particular the peripheral one, is activated, all metabolic processes in the body are improved, and pain is reduced. This method of pulse therapy is used to treat the peripheral nervous system and musculoskeletal system.
Interference. Low-frequency pulse currents are used (from 1 to 150 Hz), with a constant or variable frequency. This technique helps improve the functioning of motor muscles, increases blood circulation, reduces pain, and activates metabolic processes. Treatment is more effective in the treatment of subacute stages of diseases of the peripheral nervous system.
Amplipulsetherapy. Electrotherapy is carried out using sinusoidal simulated currents with low frequency (from 10 to 150 Hz), as well as mid-frequency (from 2000 to 5000 Hz). Such a sinusoidal current penetrates perfectly through skin without causing irritation, it has a stimulating effect on muscle fibers, nerve fibers, improves blood circulation and metabolic processes. Treatment is prescribed for diseases of the musculoskeletal system, traumatic injuries, problems of the nervous system and many other pathological conditions.
Electrical stimulation used to stimulate or significantly enhance the functionality of certain internal organs and systems. Today, the most common types of electrical stimulation are stimulation of the heart, nervous system and motor muscles. Therapy is also indicated to maintain the vital activity of muscle tissue and its nutrition, to prevent such phenomena as muscle atrophy during periods of forced inactivity, and to strengthen muscles during the period of recovery and rehabilitation.
Fluctuarization. Currents used are partially or fully rectified alternating current, low frequency (from 10 to 2000 Hz). When exposed to such currents, tissue irritation and excitation occurs, lymph and blood circulation increases, the movement of leukocytes is activated, and the work of muscle tissue is stimulated.

Contraindications to the use of pulsed current therapy may include:

individual intolerance;
tumors;
second trimester of pregnancy, during which pulse therapy is used very carefully;
bleeding;
fresh hemarthrosis.

The effect of current pulses on the body causes irritating, exciting and stimulating effects that can help in the treatment of various diseases, pathologies and complications.

When current passes through the tissues of the body, it causes tension in the tissues and enhances the functioning of cell membranes.

Thus, it activates their functionality, stimulates cells and improves their vital functions, nourishes muscles, restores the functioning of nerve fibers, blood vessels, and joints. A disease such as prostatitis can also be effectively treated with pulsed currents.

When using therapy, the patient receives the following results:

Blood flow improves, and accordingly, the substances of medications used to treat prostatitis penetrate the prostate tissue faster.
Congestion processes in the pelvis are reduced.
Metabolism improves, which strengthens the entire body.
The synthesis of prostate secretion improves.
The permeability of cell membranes increases.

For effective therapy prostatitis, electrotherapy can be used with different types pulse currents. Galvanization allows you to influence the prostate gland with low-frequency currents with continuous action, this relieves inflammation and relieves pain. Medicinal electrophoresis helps enhance the effect of medications, as it increases tissue permeability at the cellular level.

With electrical stimulation, the function of the pelvic muscle tissue increases, which helps in the treatment of pathologies of the genitourinary system. Thanks to this technique, many patients with prostate problems receive high-quality and effective treatment. Reviews from both doctors and patients indicate that complex therapy with current pulses is one of the most effective methods of treating and preventing prostatitis and many other diseases.

Diadynamic currents are considered one of the most effective treatment methods. They are successfully used for pain relief, relaxation, restoration of muscle elasticity and functionality. After reading today's article, you will find out who this procedure is indicated for and how it is performed.

General information

It should be noted that the apparatus for treatment with diadynamic currents began to be used back in the last century. That's why this technique cannot be considered new. Modern doctors are well aware that physiotherapeutic procedures can significantly improve general state patient. Moreover, the strength, shape, voltage and frequency of the currents are selected taking into account the individual characteristics of a particular person.

They were first modulated by the French scientist Pierre Bernard. It was he who became the developer of a unique treatment program using electric currents. In the process of conducting numerous experiments, the researcher managed to combine several frequencies and achieve good results.

Benefits of this treatment

When used correctly, diadynamic currents in physiotherapy give an excellent effect. During the procedure, the device affects skeletal and smooth muscles. This ensures stimulation of the muscle corset.

During the session, the patient feels practically nothing. In some cases, he may feel warmth and a slight tingling sensation. Due to the fact that the receptors are affected by diadynamic currents high frequency, the person does not experience pain.

The main effect of such treatment is achieved by changing the phases of muscle excitation and inhibition. This is especially true during inflammatory processes and spasms. The effect of the procedure lasts for several hours. Physiotherapy not only has a muscle relaxant and analgesic effect, but also helps improve blood circulation.

Who is this treatment indicated for?

It should be noted that diadynamic therapy allows you to select different combinations of currents. Very often, to improve the condition of patients, such treatment is combined with the administration of appropriate medications. Diadynamic currents are indicated for people suffering from diseases of the musculoskeletal system. They are excellent for bursitis, arthritis, arthrosis and osteochondrosis.

They are often used to treat gastritis and physiotherapy is indicated for people who have gynecological problems. It has proven itself effectively in the treatment of poor joint mobility, dislocations, bruises and sprains. DDT is prescribed to patients diagnosed with sinusitis, rhinitis, bronchitis, neuroses, neuromyositis, neuralgia, neuritis and atherosclerosis.

Contraindications

One should not discount the fact that diadynamic currents, the treatment apparatus for which is available in any modern clinic, can bring not only benefits, but also harm. Therefore, before starting the procedures, you must consult your doctor.

Physiotherapy is contraindicated for people prone to bleeding and blood clots. It is also not recommended for those who suffer from epilepsy. active form pulmonary tuberculosis and cachexia. This treatment should not be used in patients with sensitive skin, allergies and tumors. Also, DDT is not used for exacerbation of inflammatory processes and mental illnesses.

Forms of current treatment

In modern medical practice, several types of such therapy are known. In the process of using a continuous half-wave form, a current is transmitted through the device, the frequency of which is 50 Hz. The main goal of this treatment is to stimulate the muscles. Therefore, the current is supplied at intervals of one minute.

When using a half-wave waveform, gradual increase amplitudes, starting from zero and ending with the maximum value. The frequency of currents is reduced for eight seconds, and after a short break the cycle is repeated. This method is used to relieve pain and stimulate muscles.

Among other things, there is another scheme that is successfully used in physiotherapy. It's about about the shortened wave method of exposure to currents. This treatment allows you to stimulate skeletal muscles.

Very often to combat some chronic diseases Doctors prescribe long-term exposure. During this procedure, alternating different forms of current is performed. However, do not forget that such treatment cannot be carried out during an exacerbation of the disease.

How is the procedure performed?

Devices for treatment with diadynamic currents are installed in all physiotherapy rooms. Their work must be strictly supervised by qualified medical workers. Electrodes are applied to the patient's body, the shape and size of which depend on the area of influence. After turning on the device, a current begins to flow through them, the strength of which can be adjusted using a toggle switch located on the front panel of the device.

It is extremely important that the patient does not experience pain during the session. At the beginning of the procedure, a slight tingling sensation may occur. As the strength of the supplied currents increases, the patient may feel a slight burning sensation. After a couple of minutes, these symptoms completely disappear, and are replaced by a slight pulsation. At the end of the session, the healthcare worker turns off the device and removes the electrodes.

Duration and number of procedures

Despite the fact that the strength with which diadynamic currents are applied is selected individually, there are some general rules carrying out such treatment. First of all, it is necessary to remember that the duration of exposure to the source of pain should not exceed ten minutes.

If the patient is prescribed therapy with long and short currents, then the polarity of the electrodes should be changed. In this case, “plus” is placed on “minus” and vice versa. The minimum course of treatment is four procedures, the maximum is ten. To avoid addiction, sessions can be resumed only after a two-week break.

Appliances used

Most domestic clinics have installed “Tonus” - a device for treatment with diadynamic currents, the operating principle of which is based on receiving sinusoidal pulses with an exponential cut. This device effectively copes with various neuromuscular diseases. Since it is adapted for transportation, it can be used not only in a hospital or clinic, but also at home.

The device body is made of impact-resistant polystyrene. It consists of a base attached to a lid. On the body of the device there is a convenient handle, on the side of which there is a compartment for removing the power cord and cable.

Another unique invention capable of producing different kinds currents, is the so-called physiotherapeutic combine. It is compact in size and easy to use. This device combines several useful functions. It can be used to perform vacuum and laser therapy.

Treatment of diseases with the help of electric current was practiced even before the invention of current sources, through living beings that generate electricity. The ancient Greeks successfully healed paresis and treated tissue diseases using stingrays living near the coast. In modern electrotherapy, treatment using currents of various frequencies is in demand and is always popular in the treatment of neuralgia, muscle atrophy and even gynecological diseases.

Methods of using electricity

Physiotherapy has a wide arsenal of techniques for restoring health using electricity. There are several directions:

Electrical treatment devices

For galvanization sessions, the “Potok 1” electrotherapy device has become widespread in physiotherapy rooms; it can be used for both electrophoresis and galvanization even at home. The price of the device is a little more than ten thousand rubles.

The Elesculap 2 low-frequency therapy device is more expensive, but also more convenient; it has a modern design, a liquid crystal display and a wide frequency range. This device allows you to generate pulses of various shapes.

The most expensive device, "Radius-01FT", is designed for use in medical institutions, but, if necessary, can also be used at home. The device allows for almost all known effects of electric current on the body, including electrosleep.

Diseases that prevent current treatment

Electrotherapy has quite extensive contraindications, under which the use of electric current for therapeutic purposes becomes dangerous. Treatment should not be carried out on pregnant women at any stage of pregnancy or with the following diseases:

Feverish conditions, purulent diseases of the skin and internal organs, acute inflammatory processes.
Intolerance to electrical current or the medication used for electrophoresis.
Heart defects, heart attack or coronary heart disease.
Having a pacemaker or other implanted device.
Bone fractures with multiple fragments.
Any acute convulsive conditions such as angina or surgery.

The doctor prescribing electrotherapy procedures will definitely carry out full analysis the patient’s health status and warns him about possible consequences. That is why it is advisable to carry out all procedures in a medical institution, and at home it will be safe to use special devices only after consulting a doctor.

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