Mskt - what is it? mskt of the abdominal cavity. MSCT of the brain. What is the difference between MSCT and MRI

The rapid development of science in the second half of the last century gave doctors new highly informative diagnostic methods - X-ray computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Today's task is their efficient use. However, sometimes practitioners do not always know exactly which method is preferable in a particular case. The purpose of this article is to answer this question.

Multislice computed tomography (MSCT)

Method Definition

X-ray computed tomography is based on scanning human body collimated fan beam x-rays with multidirectional movement of the source and receiver x-ray radiation with its further conversion into electrical signals, computer processing of the received data and image synthesis.

History of the development of MSCT

Computed tomography (CT) is a modern and highly informative method diagnosis of pathological changes in human organs. Computed tomography is a layer-by-layer diagnostic method that was created in 1972. The Nobel Prize was awarded for the creation of this method (G. Hounsfield, A. Cormac, 1979).
The first tomographs were intended only for studying the brain. However, the rapid development of computer technology made it possible by 1976 to create a tomograph for studying the body.
CT today is the standard leading method for diagnosing many diseases of the lungs and mediastinum, liver, kidneys, pancreas, adrenal glands, aorta and pulmonary artery, brain and spine.
The introduction of spiral X-ray tomographs (SCT) into diagnostics in 1999 made it possible to significantly speed up the research process, as well as increase the resolution of scanning systems. The spiral CT technique requires constant rotation of the tube with continuous translational movement of the table. At the initial stage, CT was created and used in neurology and neurosurgery to identify relatively gross pathologies (tumors, cysts, hematomas), but the rapid development of technology made it possible within 5 to 7 years to create high-speed tomographs for all organs.
The creation of multislice computed tomography (MSCT) in 2001 revolutionized image acquisition and made this method extremely reliable and universal for early diagnosis and screening (preclinical detection) of various diseases. With MSCT, in addition to traditional studies, it has become possible to examine the heart and perform “non-invasive” angiography, including coronary angiography. After special bowel preparation, virtual colonoscopy can be performed during MSCT.
In multislice tomographs, the sensing device is not one, but several parallel rows of detectors operating synchronously. This, in turn, determines a number of advantages of MSCT: high speed scanning; the ability to obtain images in thin sections up to 0.5 mm, without increasing the radiation dose to the patient; high resolution, allowing you to obtain informative images internal organs and structures in any plane, as well as in multiplanar and volumetric reconstructions. All these qualities are of undeniable value when examining patients of various profiles, regardless of the severity of their condition.

Advantages of MSCT

1. The highest possible resolution, which allows you to identify minimal changes internal organs, invisible with conventional CT.

2. Significant acceleration of research time. Studying one anatomical area takes 5-7 minutes instead of the usual 20-30 minutes, while total time scanning (time to turn on the X-ray tube) does not exceed 30 seconds. Unlike the usual computed tomography organ research chest cavity, abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal space are performed during a single breath hold for 15-20 seconds. This is especially important when studying children, patients with intense pain and limited range of motion, in the presence of cardiac or respiratory failure, fear of closed spaces (claustrophobia).

3. Wide opportunities for urgent studies of patients in severe and extremely severe somatic condition, including with limited contact with the patient, the need for constant monitoring of cardiac activity, artificial ventilation lungs and other resuscitation measures.

4. Various possibilities for processing the received data. Only with MSCT is it possible to construct informative two- and three-dimensional images of internal organs, blood vessels, bones and joints. Such images become indispensable in vascular surgery, neurosurgery and neurology, traumatology and orthopedics, thoracic, abdominal and maxillofacial surgery, urology. Three-dimensional images significantly expand the attending physician’s understanding of the nature of the pathology and allow choosing the optimal approach to treating the disease.

Multispiral computed angiography (MSCT)

Unlike conventional CT with MSCT, the study is carried out at the time of rapid intravenous administration of a water-soluble non-ionic contrast agent in a volume of 70-100 ml using an automatic injector. Unlike conventional angiography, the contrast agent is not injected into the artery (passing an intravascular catheter to the organ being examined), but into the cubital vein. This significantly reduces the risk of complications from manipulation.
MSCT completely replaces conventional diagnostic angiography and allows you to obtain important information about the state of internal organs in the presence of pathological changes in them.

How is a CT scan with contrast performed?

To obtain high-quality images when studying vascular structures, the heart, as well as for differential diagnosis CT scans are performed with intravenous contrast enhancement. CT contrast agents are iodine compounds, the safest of which are non-ionic contrast agents.

Diagnostic capabilities of computed tomography

MSCT is the most informative when examining:

- organs chest(lungs, mediastinum), abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal space, pelvis;
- brain, skull bones, paranasal sinuses nose, orbits, temporal bones;
- spine, bones and joints;
- blood vessels (thoracic and abdominal aorta and their branches, arteries and veins of the upper and lower limbs, intracranial arteries and veins, inferior hollow, portal vein and their tributaries).

Indications for MSCT

When examining the chest organs using MSCT, you can identify:

When examining the abdominal organs and retroperitoneal space using MSCT, you can identify:

When examining the pelvic organs using MSCT, you can identify:

Tumor lesions Bladder, uterus, prostate
the spread of tumor lesions to adjacent structures, assess the condition of regional lymph nodes
pathology of the iliac vessels (aneurysm, stenosis, dissecting aneurysm)
mechanical damage to organs and bone structures pelvis

When examining the brain using MSCT, you can identify:

Acute disorder cerebral circulation
traumatic brain injury of any severity
tumor lesions of the brain
anomalies of the brain and facial skull, craniovertebral junction

When examining the spine using MSCT, you can identify:

Degenerative changes (protrusions, herniated intervertebral discs)
postoperative changes
traumatic injuries
tumor changes
inflammatory diseases

When examining the neck organs using MSCT, you can identify:
- tumor diseases of the larynx, neck, thyroid gland(including retrosternal and intrathoracic goiter)
- metastatic lesions of the lymph nodes of the neck, lymphogranulomatosis

Contraindications for CT scanning

There are no absolute contraindications to MSCT. Since the study is associated with radiation exposure, when examining pregnant women and young children, it is necessary to carefully weigh the need for MSCT in each specific case.

Restrictions on performing computed tomography

The patient’s body weight is more than 150 kg - depends on the type of tomograph
presence of barium suspension in the stomach and intestines during examination of the abdominal organs
inappropriate patient behavior

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Method Definition

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the modern non-invasive methods radiology diagnostics, allowing to obtain images internal structures human body. An important advantage of MRI compared to other methods of radiological diagnostics is the absence of radiation exposure. MRI allows examination in any planes, taking into account anatomical features patient's body. MRI has high soft tissue contrast and allows you to identify and characterize pathological processes developing in various organs and tissues of the human body.

History of MRI development

In 1946, two US scientists, Felix Bloch and Richard Parcell, independently described a physical phenomenon based on the magnetic properties of the nuclei of some atoms. They discovered that nuclei located in a constant magnetic field and oriented parallel to its field lines are capable of absorbing energy in the radio frequency range, while changing their orientation. When returning to their original orientation, they re-emit this energy. The phenomenon was called nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Nuclear - because interaction occurs only with the magnetic moments of atomic nuclei. Magnetic - because these moments are oriented by a constant magnetic field, and a change in their orientation is caused by a radio frequency electromagnetic field. Resonance - because the parameters of these fields are strictly related to each other. In 1952, for this discovery both scientists received Nobel Prize in physics. MRI was called magnetic resonance imaging rather than nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI) due to negative associations with the word "nuclear".

Physical basis of the NMR phenomenon

MR imaging involves obtaining the NMR phenomenon in an object of study placed in a constant magnetic field, and the processes of reverse energy release occurring in it after the cessation of the radio frequency pulse. Necessary elements any magnetic resonance tomograph are strong magnet, transmitting, receiving RF coils and gradient coils. The information obtained during scanning is processed by a computer through the Fourier transform and appears on the monitor screen in the form of a black and white image. To obtain the NMR phenomenon, a constant, stable and uniform magnetic field is required. Therefore, the main part of any magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner is a large magnet that creates a constant magnetic field of high intensity. Main technical parameter, defining diagnostic capabilities MRI is the magnetic field strength, measured in T (tesla).
High-field tomographs (from 1 to 3 Tesla) allow the most wide range studies of all areas of the human body, including functional studies, angiography, rapid tomography. Tomographs of this level are high-tech complexes that require constant technical control and large financial costs. Low-field tomographs are usually economical, compact and less demanding from a technical and operational point of view.
Some MRI scanners are equipped with special software packages to selectively visualize only fluid structures. The use of these programs allows you to obtain isolated images of the cerebrospinal fluid in the cranial cavity and spinal canal, urine in urinary tract, fluid in cysts. This research method is called myelourography. IN Lately is developing intensively and is increasingly being introduced into clinical practice MR cholangiocreatography method, which allows obtaining a high-quality image bile ducts, gallbladder and pancreatic duct.
Modern methods of MRI examination of the brain, available on high-field tomographs, make it possible to obtain information about blood flow at the capillary level (perfusion MRI), quantify the movement of water molecules through cell membranes (diffusion MRI), and visualize the course of brain pathways, for example, the corticospinal tract ( MR tractography).
The diagnostic capabilities of MR angiography are most widely revealed when examining the vessels of the circle of Willis, the sinuses of the brain, carotid arteries, thoracic and abdominal aorta. MR angiography of the vessels of the head and neck can be performed without the introduction of a contrast agent.

MRI with intravenous contrast

In a significant number of cases, when performing MRI, the natural tissue contrast is sufficient to identify and determine the characteristics of the pathological focus. However, there are often situations when the pathological focus is not visualized. In some cases, it can be difficult to determine the boundaries of the pathological focus (due to perifocal tissue edema) and evaluate its structure. The accuracy of diagnosis and characterization of hypervascular processes (tumors, inflammation, vascular malformations) can be significantly increased by using intravenous contrast enhancement. In patients who have undergone surgical treatment for removal of a brain tumor or meninges, difficulties often arise in diagnosing recurrent tumor growth due to postoperative glial changes. In such situations, diagnostics with the introduction of special means contrasting.
The basis for the creation of MR contrast agents was the rare earth metal gadolinium. IN pure form This metal is highly toxic, but in the form of a chelate it becomes practically safe (including no nephrotoxicity). Contrast drugs are harmless to patients and practically do not cause allergic reactions. Adverse reactions occur extremely rarely (less than 1% of cases) and usually have mild degree severity (nausea, headache, burning at the injection site, paresthesia, dizziness, rash).

Carrying out MRI

Standard MRI protocols include obtaining T1-weighted images (sensitive to the presence of fat or blood) and T2-weighted images (sensitive to edema, tumor or inflammatory tissue infiltration) in two to three planes (axial, sagittal and coronal). Structures that contain virtually no protons (cortical bone, calcifications, fibrocartilaginous tissue), as well as arterial blood flow, have low signal intensity on both T1- and T2-weighted images. The choice of pulse sequences and tomography planes is carried out by the radiographer in accordance with the instructions of the radiologist. Typically, the examination of a patient is based on a standard protocol, supplemented by specialized pulse sequences and planes (including those oriented at an angle along the anatomical structures) depending on the specific clinical situation and preliminary diagnosis. Accordingly, the examination time usually ranges from 20 to 40 minutes, depending on the anatomical area and clinical situation.

Advantages of MRI

— No radiation exposure to the patient.
— Possibility of obtaining images in any plane.
— Non-invasiveness of the study (high tissue contrast allows you to clearly differentiate tissues under natural contrast conditions).
— Possibility of obtaining a clear image of soft tissue structures without prior preparation for examination.
— No artifacts from bone structures.
— Possibility of conducting research without special preparation.

Diagnostic capabilities of MRI

MRI is most informative when examining the brain, spine and spinal cord, abdominal organs and retroperitoneal space, pelvic organs (gynecology, urology), joints, blood vessels and soft tissues.

Indications for MRI

Examination of the brain using MRI can reveal:

- Vascular changes - heart attacks, ischemia, vascular encephalopathy.
- Inflammatory diseases - meningoencephalitis, abscesses, etc.
— Demyelinating diseases — multiple sclerosis, spicy disseminated encephalomyelitis and etc.
- Vascular malformations - arterial aneurysms, venous and arteriovenous malformations.
— Dystrophic changes- Alzheimer's disease, etc.
- Tumors of the brain or its membranes.
— Anomalies of brain development.
— Diseases of the pituitary gland – microadenoma, etc.
— Consequences of traumatic brain injury.
— Postoperative changes in the brain.
— Congenital and acquired changes in blood vessels (malformations, aneurysms, stenoses, occlusions).

When examining the spine and spinal cord using MRI, you can identify:
— Herniated intervertebral discs.
— Tumor diseases of the spinal cord and spine.
— Demyelinating and vascular lesions of the spinal cord.
— Inflammatory diseases spine and spinal cord.
— Anomalies and malformations of the spinal cord.
— Post-traumatic changes in the spinal cord.
— Postoperative changes in the spinal cord.

When examining the pelvic organs using MRI, you can identify:

- Inflammatory changes.
- Tumor formations.
— Developmental anomalies.

When examining large joints (hip, knee, shoulder, ankle, elbow) using MRI, you can identify:
— Mechanical damage to intra-articular and external ligaments, articular cartilage.
— Mechanical damage to the menisci of the knee joints.
— Mechanical damage to the rotator cuff of the shoulder joint.
— Degenerative changes in joints (degree of arthrosis).
- Presence of fluid in the joint cavity.
— Aseptic necrosis in the pre-radiological stage.

Contraindications for MRI

Absolute contraindications to MRI:

The presence of artificial pacemakers - in a strong constant magnetic field, the work of pacemakers is disrupted, which can pose a danger to the health and life of the patient.
The presence of large metal implants, fragments, metal foreign bodies of the orbit (displacement may cause damage to the eyeball).
The presence of metal staples, clamps on blood vessels (if they get into a strong magnetic field, the clips can change their position, which can lead to bleeding with a fatal outcome).

Relative contraindications to MRI:

Claustrophobia (fear of closed spaces) can be an insurmountable obstacle to the examination.
Epilepsy, schizophrenia.
The patient's condition is extremely serious.
Inability for the patient to remain still during the examination.
For most studies prerequisite obtaining high-quality images is a calm and motionless position of the patient, which determines the need for sedation in restless patients or the use of analgesics in patients with severe pain or the use medicated sleep in patients with claustrophobia or mental disorders.
Technical limitations (related to the load on the tomograph table when examining patients with overweight body) – when examined on most MRI scanners, the patient’s weight should not exceed 130 kg. An additional limitation may be a waist circumference that is incompatible with the diameter of the tomograph tunnel or receiving coil.
Fixed dentures and tantalum brackets on the sternum are not contraindications for the study, but their presence reduces the quality of the image. Implants in long bones, metal foreign bodies distort the homogeneity of the magnetic field and make it impossible to conduct a high-quality MR tomographic study. The exception is implants made of titanium, titanium nickelide and other non-magnetic metals, which do not interfere with the visualization of the surrounding anatomical structures.
First trimester of pregnancy. Repeated radiofrequency pulses lead to minimal heating of the tissue in the test object. For the body of an adult, this heating is completely harmless and passes without a trace. In a fetus in the first trimester of pregnancy, this heating can lead to unwanted long-term consequences, which consists in increasing the risk of congenital diseases. The second and third trimesters of pregnancy are not a contraindication for MRI.

When conducting an MRI examination, all metal objects (hairpins, pins, coins, removable dentures, etc.) must be left by the patient during the examination in a specially designated place. Moreover, metal objects should not be brought into the MRI procedure room, as they can be attracted by the magnetic field and cause injury to the patient. medical personnel and damage the tomograph.

Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor A.P. Dergilev,
Radiologist E.V. Krivushkina

There are a number diagnostic procedures, which are used to clarify the diagnosis, detect the source of the disease, additional factors. Such diagnostic methods include MRI and MSCT. Despite the similar principle of operation, the results of studies using these methods may be different, as well as the scope of their application.

Many people wonder which is better: MRI or MSCT. These procedures differ in the principle of influence and in the results obtained. They are used for various types of diagnostics: MRI is most informative when studying soft tissues, and MSCT better visualizes dense tissue (bones, joints).
MRI can be performed on children of any age (if necessary, under general anesthesia); MSCT is contraindicated for children.

MRI

MRI is a procedure performed using a magnetic resonance imaging scanner. This is done to obtain high definition images. It is carried out wherever it is necessary to view the condition of the tissues, showing the examined area in a section. A series of photographs is taken step by step with an interval of 5 mm or less.

This manipulation is most often used to clarify a diagnosis previously made with the help of other diagnostic studies. The procedure is safe and can be performed on both an open and closed tomograph. This does not change the quality of the pictures. Using MRI, data is obtained about:

functional state of the internal organ;
the presence or absence of its pathology;
the presence of a focus of infection or inflammation;
reasons that caused inflammatory processes.

MRI can detect the presence of neoplasms on early stages development, when symptoms have not yet appeared, and the disease is just beginning to progress. But it is not used for preventive research due to the high cost of the procedure - up to 6-7 thousand rubles per session.

The diagnostic method has its contraindications:

Mental disorders, phobias.
The presence of metal objects in the patient’s body (braces, metal dentures, hemostatic clips, etc.).
Availability of electronic devices.
First trimester of pregnancy.
The patient's serious condition.
Tattoos with dyes that include metallic compounds.

When performing MRI with contrast, there are contraindications such as hypersensitivity to the drug, hemolytic anemia, chronic renal failure, pregnancy.

MSCT

MSCT, or multislice computed tomography, is a diagnostic method that allows you to obtain high-definition images. This X-ray examination, which is superior to radiography in terms of information content. It allows you to quickly obtain information about the condition of human organs. With its help, not only the presence of pathology, but also treatment tactics are determined in a timely manner.

The advantages of this procedure are improved image quality, increased scanning speed, improved contrast resolution, noise/signal ratio, larger anatomical coverage, and reduced radiation exposure to the patient. Essentially, it is an X-ray in 3D. The radiation exposure for this procedure is slightly higher than with radiography, but lower than with CT.

Sometimes the study requires the use of a contrast agent, as is the case with MRI. The method allows you to obtain information that is not available through classical diagnostics using conventional methods.

Important! To conduct MSCT, you must have a previous X-ray or. Only in this case can you accurately determine the area of interest and make the research targeted. The result will be a reduction in radiation exposure.

After the MSCT procedure, as after MRI, the patient receives a written opinion from a diagnostician. If necessary, the results are written to disk or pictures are printed. But the provided service, as a rule, is already paid for additionally.

Modern MSCT devices help obtain images High Quality with the lowest possible radiation exposure for humans. Data collection speed is faster. Information is displayed in real time. The images show bone and other dense tissues in detail at a resolution of 0.32 mm.

In general, the procedure is noted as quite comfortable and safe for the patient, and therefore suitable for both teenagers and adults. However, the impact is carried out with some restrictions. Despite the reduced radiation dose, examinations can be done no more than twice a year. In other cases, the indications and the degree of need for manipulation are considered.

MSCT, unlike MRI, absolute contraindications No. But in cases with pregnant, lactating women, and children, the doctor compares the potential harm and benefits of the research method.

Relative contraindications are:

barium suspension in the gastrointestinal tract during examination of the abdominal organs;
claustrophobia;
mental disorders;
patient weight more than 150 kg;
a condition in which the patient cannot hold his breath during the scan;
plaster cast or metal elements.

In general, the procedure is freely performed on almost all patients, except for children, who cannot hold their breath during the examination. It is worth mentioning that MSCT has a high cost, and therefore, before undergoing it, you should check with your doctor what the price for the examination and additional services will be.

The difference between MRI and MSCT of the brain

MRI and MSCT of this area are carried out generally in the same areas, with the same goals. If we consider the procedures in more detail, we can see the features of the impact, namely, various indications for use.

Indications for this procedure in the brain area are:

Inflammatory, tumor pathologies of this area (the study is often combined with MRI).
Malformation ( congenital pathology) cerebral vessels, intracranial vessels.
Brain circulatory disorders in the acute phase.
Damage, diseases of the skull bones.
Traumatic brain injuries (one of the most common injuries in adolescents).
Consequences of inflammatory, traumatic conditions (cortical atrophy, cysts, etc.).

Multislice CT of the brain is usually performed without the use of contrast medications. But sometimes the use of contrast may still be necessary, for example, with large tumors.

The procedure is carried out when there is acute disorders blood circulation in this area; to clarify the condition of the skull bones, as well as early stages traumatic brain injury.

Important! Most often, MSCT is prescribed as a replacement study for MRI if there are absolute contraindications to the latter.

Studies of cerebral vessels are carried out with monophasic contrast enhancement, which is injected with an electronic syringe. This type of diagnosis is non-invasive, unlike selective angiography.

The procedure takes from 5 to 10 minutes. Prescribed for:

cerebral atherosclerosis;
dynamic control upon completion of vascular surgery;
vascular malformation;
suspected vessel damage;
pathological tortuosity of blood vessels identified in another way.

MSCT of the brain in the area of the temporal bone is performed to determine the causes of hearing loss, as well as for dizziness and pathologies of the balance organ. This is a non-alternative type of radiation examination.

Photographs of the orbital bones are helpful in the study of tumors and pseudotumors in the affected area. Often used instead for injuries to the orbit or eye. For this zone, spiral CT remains the most preferable, as it is the most informative.

The nose and paranasal sinuses are examined using MSCT to assess the condition of the nasal septum, as well as to identify inflammatory, tumor lesions paranasal sinuses.

MRI of the brain

This procedure shows high accuracy and information content in the study of the brain. MRI is prescribed for:

injuries and bruises that are accompanied by internal bleeding;
infectious diseases of the nervous system;
brain tumors, including pituitary adenoma;
pathologies of cerebral vessels;
damage to the organs of vision and hearing;
paroxysmal states;
speech disorders;
abnormal development of blood vessels;
epilepsy;
constant headaches of unknown origin;
multiple sclerosis;
neurodegenerative diseases.

MRI allows you to obtain informative data. Sometimes the use of contrast is required, which is a contraindication for persons with allergic diseases.

Can MRI and MSCT be done on the same day?

Despite the similarity of the data obtained, a combination of these procedures is often required. Such manipulations are especially often required when diagnosing vascular pathologies, since the information obtained from each study will be different and provide new clues for making a diagnosis. The result of the examination will be a more accurate assessment of the patient’s condition and correctly prescribed treatment.

There are a number of diagnostic procedures that are used to clarify the diagnosis, detect the source of the disease, and additional factors. Such diagnostic methods include MRI and MSCT. Despite the similar principle of operation, the results of studies using these methods may be different, as well as the scope of their application.

MRI

This manipulation is most often used to clarify a diagnosis previously made using other diagnostic studies. The procedure is safe and can be performed on both an open and closed tomograph. This does not change the quality of the pictures. Using MRI, data is obtained about:

functional state of the internal organ;
the presence or absence of its pathology;
the presence of a focus of infection or inflammation;
reasons that caused inflammatory processes.

MRI allows you to detect the presence of tumors in the early stages of development, when symptoms have not yet appeared and the disease is just beginning to progress. But it is not used for preventive research due to the high cost of the procedure - up to 6-7 thousand rubles per session.

This diagnostic method has its contraindications:

Mental disorders, phobias.
The presence of metal objects in the patient’s body (braces, metal dentures, hemostatic clips, etc.).
Availability of electronic devices.
First trimester of pregnancy.
The patient's serious condition.
Tattoos with dyes that include metallic compounds.

When performing MRI with contrast, there are contraindications such as hypersensitivity to the drug, hemolytic anemia, chronic renal failure, and pregnancy.

MSCT

MSCT, or multislice computed tomography, is a diagnostic method that allows you to obtain high-definition images. This is a radiation study that is superior to radiography in terms of information content. It allows you to quickly obtain information about the condition of human organs. With its help, not only the presence of pathology, but also treatment tactics are determined in a timely manner.

Modern MSCT devices help obtain high-quality images with the lowest possible radiation exposure for humans. Data collection speed is faster. Information is displayed in real time. The images show bone and other dense tissues in detail at a resolution of 0.32 mm.

MSCT, unlike MRI, has no absolute contraindications. But in cases with pregnant, lactating women, and children, the doctor compares the potential harm and benefits of the research method.

Relative contraindications are:

barium suspension in the gastrointestinal tract during examination of the abdominal organs;
claustrophobia;
mental disorders;
patient weight more than 150 kg;
a condition in which the patient cannot hold his breath during the scan;
plaster cast or metal elements.

The difference between MRI and MSCT of the brain

Indications for this procedure in the brain area are:

Inflammatory, tumor pathologies of this area (the study is often combined with MRI).
Malformation (congenital pathology) of cerebral vessels, intracranial vessels.
Brain circulatory disorders in the acute phase.
Damage, diseases of the skull bones.
Traumatic brain injuries (one of the most common injuries in adolescents).
Consequences of inflammatory, traumatic conditions (cortical atrophy, cysts, etc.).

Multislice CT of the brain is usually performed without the use of contrast medications. But sometimes the use of contrast may still be necessary, for example, with large tumors.

The procedure is performed when there are acute circulatory problems in the area; to clarify the condition of the skull bones, as well as in the early stages of traumatic brain injury.

Important! Most often, MSCT is prescribed as a replacement study for MRI if there are absolute contraindications to the latter.

Studies of cerebral vessels are carried out with monophasic contrast enhancement, which is injected with an electronic syringe. This type of diagnosis is non-invasive, unlike selective angiography.

The procedure takes from 5 to 10 minutes. Prescribed for:

cerebral atherosclerosis;
dynamic control upon completion of vascular surgery;
vascular malformation;
suspected vessel damage;
pathological tortuosity of blood vessels identified in another way.

The nose and paranasal sinuses are examined using MSCT to assess the condition of the nasal septum, as well as to identify inflammatory and tumor lesions of the paranasal sinuses.

MRI of the brain

This procedure shows high accuracy and information content in the study of the brain. MRI is prescribed for:

injuries and bruises that are accompanied by internal bleeding;
infectious diseases of the nervous system;
brain tumors, including pituitary adenoma;
pathologies of cerebral vessels;
damage to the organs of vision and hearing;
paroxysmal states;
speech disorders;
abnormal development of blood vessels;
epilepsy;
constant headaches of unknown origin;
multiple sclerosis;
neurodegenerative diseases.

MRI allows you to obtain informative data. Sometimes the use of contrast is required, which is a contraindication for persons with allergic diseases.

Can MRI and MSCT be done on the same day?

Despite the similarity of the data obtained, a combination of these procedures is often required. Such manipulations are especially often required when diagnosing vascular pathologies, since the information obtained for each study will be different and provide new clues for making a diagnosis. The result of the examination will be a more accurate assessment of the patient’s condition and correctly prescribed treatment.

A lot of things are used for diagnostics. various techniques, the most informative of which are magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography of an improved type - the multispiral method. All the presented instrumental techniques are quite informative, but what to do when faced with a choice? To do this, you need to understand the key difference between MSCT and MRI.

When conducting magnetic resonance imaging, a device is used that makes it possible to visualize the internal organs and tissues of the body through radio waves and a magnetic field. In this case, there is an effect on hydrogen protons contained in the tissues. As a result, it is possible to obtain a 3D image of the area under study.

The use of a magnetic resonance tomograph results in images - sections of internal organs, ligaments, muscles and vascular structures. This diagnostic method has. This study does not affect the body x-ray irradiation, which allows the technique to be used for young patients and pregnant women.

The multislice computed tomography technique is based on the use of x-ray radiation. This technique allows you to obtain more accurate images compared to conventional CT. The use of radiation diagnostic methods makes it possible to obtain an image with the exact structure of denser tissues, mainly bone structures. To obtain images of internal organs, the most informative research is an MRI.

Indications for use and diagnostic value

MRI and MSCT are informative techniques, each of which has a number of advantages. Among them, it is worth highlighting the acquisition of images that are highly accurate. Both the first and second methods are non-invasive and have the ability to obtain maximum amount information about diseases even with initial stages progression of pathologies.

Multislice computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging can be used to obtain the most accurate results. For this, a contrast agent is used: gadolinium for MRI and an iodine-based solution for MSCT.

MRI makes it possible to determine pathologies of the brain and various types of disorders of the spine, dysfunction of the abdominal organs and retroperitoneal space. The method provides the ability to visualize joint structures and blood vessels.

Using MSCT, it is possible to determine the degree of damage to articular structures during arthrosis, the nature of neoplasms and the processes of changes in the pulmonary arteries. This method allows you to examine exactly the area that needs diagnosis.

The use of a contrast agent allows you to obtain the most accurate information about deviations in the work and structure of internal organs that have a developed circulatory system. Contrast is used only if there is no allergic reaction to the substance used. Otherwise, there is a high risk of serious complications.

Review of contraindications

MSCT or MRI are safe diagnostic techniques, but they also certain cases may cause harm to the patient. Magnetic resonance imaging is not prescribed for patients who have electronic devices installed in their bodies, such as a pacemaker. The magnetic field can cause disturbances in their operation, which will lead to undesirable consequences for the patient's health and may even threaten his life.

MSCT cannot be performed when renal failure, asthma and decompensated heart failure. For patients suffering diabetes mellitus, 2-4 days before diagnosis, it is recommended to stop taking medications containing metformin (preliminary consultation with a doctor is required).

Diagnostic cost comparison

Magnetic resonance and multispiral scanning also differ in price. MSCT is much cheaper than MRI. Both methods are prescribed as additional measures to confirm the presumptive diagnosis made by ultrasound or. Only a doctor prescribes a tomography if there are indications for this type of diagnosis.

Summarizing

In order to answer the question of which is better than MRI or MSCT, you should first consider in detail each of the presented diagnostic options. According to experts, these methods are complementary, not mutually exclusive, so it is difficult to judge the unambiguous superiority of any method.

Only a doctor can make a choice in favor of one or another tomographic examination, based on the tasks assigned to the specialist:

Availability of indications - MRI is prescribed for the study of soft tissues, and MSCT for visualization of bone structures.
Presence of contraindications to the use of contrast agents and X-ray exposure.

To identify pathological processes In the human body, both MRI and MSCT are prescribed. These diagnostic methods are as informative as possible. Each of them has advantages and disadvantages. Only a doctor can choose the most appropriate option for identifying dysfunctions, based on the history of the disease.

MSCT is an abbreviation for the name of a relatively new medical method examination of the body - “multi-layer (or multi-slice) computed tomography.”

This diagnostic technique is based on the unique abilities of X-rays. To carry it out, special equipment is used, which is both a source of X-ray radiation and a means of perception and analysis of rays passing through body tissue.

Due to the fact that in the process of passing through tissues with different densities, radiation wastes its power, fixing it at the output makes it possible to create an image of internal organs and environments. The resulting image is used by doctors for diagnostic purposes.

How does MSCT differ from CT?

The main difference between MSCT - multilayer computed tomography and CT - conventional computed tomography - lies in the special capabilities of the equipment used.

Devices used for MSCT latest generation, in which one stream of X-rays is captured by several rows of detectors. This allows you to simultaneously obtain up to several hundred sections and significantly reduces the duration of the study: in one rotation of the emitting element, an entire organ is scanned. The clarity of sections is increased and the number of defects associated with the movement of internal organs is minimized.

The high speed of MSCT makes it possible to study not only the structure of organs, but also the processes occurring in them, causing minimal harm to the patient: the dose of radiation he receives is reduced by three times compared to conventional CT.

Which is better, MSCT or MRI?

The fundamental difference between MSCT and MRI is that the first technique is based on the properties of X-ray radiation and involves exposing the patient to X-rays. In the second case, diagnosis is carried out using electromagnetic field, which has a more gentle effect on the human body.

However, MRI has a much wider list of contraindications - it cannot be used if the patient has metal prostheses, implants and tattoos applied with metal-containing dyes. Fear of closed spaces and mental disorders are also limitations. Additionally, MRI is a more expensive procedure and most clinics only use it for certain indications.

How is MSCT examination performed?

To perform a conventional MSCT, the patient is placed on a special couch equipped with a lift, which is easily moved into the capsule of the device emitting X-rays. Maximum time stay in the device is several tens of minutes, but the radiation time does not exceed a minute.

The procedure is not accompanied unpleasant sensations, does not require special training or compliance with the instructions of medical personnel.

To improve image quality, an iodine-containing contrast agent is injected into the patient’s body before MSCT. Before organ examination digestive system it is offered to drink, and when examining tissues and blood vessels, it is administered through a vein. In this case, the study is carried out several tens of seconds after the administration of contrast and generally differs from standard multislice tomography only by an increase in duration.

How often can MSCT be done?

The frequency of MSCT does not have this of great importance, as the amount of radiation received during the diagnostic process. The recommended threshold for exposure to radiation received during preventive examinations by the Chief Sanitary Doctor of Russia is 1 mSv (millisievert) per year, while a dose of 5 mSv is considered the most harmless.

The average radiation dose received during multislice tomography ranges from several fractions of hundredths to several tens of millisieverts. Each dose received is recorded in a special radiation exposure sheet. The possibility and necessity of each subsequent examination is determined individually, based on the general condition of the patient and the need to obtain new diagnostic data.

How to prepare for MSCT?

A day or two before multispiral tomography of internal organs, foods that cause severe gas formation should be excluded from the diet.

A few hours before the upcoming study, food intake is stopped. Liquid ( pure water or water with a contrast agent dissolved in it) is taken evenly, in small portions.

Before examining the pelvic organs, it is necessary to empty the intestines, if necessary, by performing an enema.

The upcoming MSCT of the head or osteoarticular apparatus does not require special preparation.

How long does an MSCT study take?

The unique capabilities of the equipment used for MSCT can significantly reduce the duration of the study.

Thus, conventional multislice computed tomography lasts from several minutes to several tens of minutes, depending on the area and depth of the area being examined.

The duration of the examination procedure using a contrast agent can be increased to an hour. In some cases, administration of the contrast agent begins several hours before the examination, then the entire diagnostic process takes several hours.

What is the radiation dose for MSCT?

The radiation dose that a patient receives during MSCT (multispiral computed tomography) is determined by the area and depth of the tissues to be examined, the type of device used and the examination technique.

As a rule, the radiation exposure when examining one anatomical area falls within the limits of 3-5 mSv (millisieverts). A lower load is associated with the examination of bones and joints (a dose of about 0.0125 mSv), and a higher load is associated with the diagnosis of internal organs. With a deep examination of the chest or abdominal organs, these values can increase noticeably, reaching several tens of millisieverts.

How much does MSCT cost?

The price of multislice computed tomography is determined not only by pricing policy medical institution, but also by the quality of the equipment used during the study, the level of complexity of the procedure, as well as the qualifications of the medical personnel.

In 2015, the average cost of studying one anatomical area using MSCT falls within several (2-3) thousand rubles. The cost of studying blood vessels, especially with the use of a contrast agent, is estimated much higher - it is about 10 thousand rubles. A heart examination is estimated even higher, the cost of which reaches 17-18 thousand.

MRI and MSCT

Home > MRI and MSCT

Modern diagnostic medicine is moving forward with huge strides. By using the latest methods diagnostics can reveal the disease without exhausting expectations. Using multislice computed tomography (MSCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), pathologies are detected even in the early stages of the disease. This allows you to start treatment without progressing the disease to the next stages.

Let's consider how MSCT differs from MRI, which today are the two most informative methods diagnosing. What fundamental difference exists between them, and which of these methods should be preferred - MSCT or MRI?

The choice of a specific examination technique depends on each individual case. Sometimes an MRI can provide more complete information about an organ’s disease; other times, on the contrary, multislice tomography will be preferable.

Applications of MRI

MRI is successfully used to determine diseases and pathological conditions of body systems. Magnetic resonance imaging provides an excellent chance to obtain high-quality images and determine pathological conditions internal organs, blood vessels, cartilage, soft tissues and skeletal system. With the help of MRI, a unique opportunity has emerged to obtain images of the human body located in a magnetic field. The main advantage of magnetic resonance imaging is the absence of harm from radiation human body, and therefore there is an excellent opportunity to carry out several procedures one after another.

Application of MSCT

Using the method of multislice computed tomography, in contrast to MRI, the entire body is scanned using a fan beam of X-ray radiation. It penetrates the tissue and is sent to special sensors that convert this data into electrical signals. Information is synthesized and processed using computer programs. As a result, the specialist receives very high-quality images of the internal organs and can make a correct diagnosis from them.

MSCT was initially intended only for scanning the brain, but later a machine was developed to scan all organs of the human body. Now MSCT is considered a method for diagnosing diseases, which is not better yet.

Differences

The difference between MSCT and MRI lies in the physical phenomena that allow visualization of organs inside the human body. MSCT works using X-rays, and MRI diagnostics are based on various magnetic fields and radiation high frequencies. The body's reaction to radiation and frequencies may be different, so the decision on the choice is made individually by the attending physician for each case.

The tomography method allows you to obtain an image of an object in any plane; it does not require special preparation of the patient. The procedure is absolutely safe for the human body.