How to avoid serious consequences after surgery to remove the uterus in women. Uterine cancer: symptoms and signs, life prognosis at different stages

This is a disease caused by malignancy of the tissue cells of the mucous membrane or walls of the uterus - the endometrium or myometrium. Constructed from endometrial cells inner layer the walls of this organ, on which a fertilized egg develops, and if this does not happen, the layer is torn off and removed through the vagina to the outside during the next menstruation. Myometrium – construction material the muscle tissue of the uterus itself and its cervix, with the help of which the organ makes contractile movements.

Minimum required knowledge about tumors

Cancer of the body or cervix occurs when the normal process cell growth and replacement of dead cells with new, healthy ones. A failure and cell division occurs, which becomes uncontrolled - their number begins to rapidly increase and form into tumor tissue. A neoplasm occurs, most often in the cervix, which can be either benign or malignant, giving metastases.

If benign neoplasms are relatively harmless and their timely treatment, for the most part, leads to complete and final recovery - relapses occur extremely rarely, then malignant tumors, especially the cervix, often lead to surgery to remove reproductive organ women. And even after such an intervention, not all patients live long.

Neoplasms with malignant histology often lead to irreparable consequences and even death of the patient. Treatment is complicated by the fact that such tumors are prone to relapse and often affect neighboring organs and tissues, and sometimes quite distant ones. The spread (metastasis) of the tumor occurs by the transfer of its cells through the lymphatic and blood channels. Metastases can occur anywhere, in the liver, lungs and even in bone tissue and in the brain - brain and spinal cord. Having established themselves on the organ, malignant cells begin to actively divide and form an additional focus - metastasis. If timely measures are not taken, such metastases quickly affect almost all organs, and in such a situation, even surgery is often powerless. Knowing this, it becomes clear that early diagnosis of cervical cancer is of paramount importance, especially for women at risk.

Categories of people at increased risk of this disease

First of all, women whose close relatives have had similar problems at a young age, up to 40 years. The following conditions increase the risk of uterine cancer:

Endometrial hyperplasia is the excessive growth of endometrial cells on the inner surface of the uterus and its cervix. This type of tumor is not malignant in nature, but is prone to degeneration into it. External manifestations of hyperplasia are painful and excessively heavy periods with bleeding between them, and after menopause periodic bleeding;
Excess weight also increases the risk of cancer of the endometrial cells of the uterus;
Early, before 12 years and late after 55 years of menstruation indicate a physiology predisposed to disorders of cellular genesis and the appearance of a malignant focus in the uterus;
Long-term use of hormonal drugs, such as estrogen, for menopause replacement treatment or tamoxifen, for the treatment of breast cancer;
Radiation therapy focused on the pelvis;
Not proper nutrition. Women whose diet is dominated by fatty foods of animal origin get sick more often than vegetarians.

Belonging to a risk group is far from a reason to panic and rush to the doctors, but it is still worth reconsidering your lifestyle. It may be worth changing your diet - adding plant foods, playing sports, and giving up bad habits at least twice a year, undergoing an examination by a gynecologist and, at the slightest suspicion of oncology, seek help immediately.

Signs of a cancerous tumor in the uterus

Most often, the primary sign of a tumor in the uterus is atypical for a woman. vaginal discharge. At first, they are mostly watery with a small amount of blood, and as the tumor develops, the discharge turns into full-fledged bleeding. As additional symptoms note:

Impaired urination - the process causes difficulties and becomes painful;
Pain in the pelvic area;
Discomfort that turns into pain during sexual intercourse.

The difficulty of early diagnosis lies in the similarity of the symptoms of uterine cancer with the manifestations of other pathologies, so if you notice something similar in yourself, be sure to undergo an examination. Even if the symptoms are not cancer, but another disease, early diagnosis It won't hurt at all, on the contrary.

Diagnostics, treatment, rehabilitation

Any treatment begins with a quality diagnosis, which should include the following series of studies:

Gynecological examination and palpation;
Ultrasonic;
Hysteroscopic;
Biopsy.

We will not go into the details of each, we will only note that the most informative, and therefore important, is considered to be a biopsy. Only it allows a clear differentiation of the tumor according to its histological identity, and this makes it possible to determine the approximate rate of development of the oncological process. Tumors of high differentiation grow most rapidly and vice versa.

In addition to differentiating the tumor, it is extremely important to determine the degree of development of the pathology. To do this, determine the extent of the affected area, the presence and number of metastases (if any) of the primary tumor.

There are five stages of tumor development, we will describe them briefly and in the order of development:

0 - Cancer cells were found only on the inner lining of the uterus;
1 – The tumor has grown into the endometrium;
2 – Damage to the cervix is observed;
3 – Tumor growth is significant. All layers of the reproductive organ, its neck, are affected, metastases have appeared in the vagina and local lymph nodes;
4- The most severe degree of damage - in addition to local pelvic organs, distant lymph nodes and organs are affected by metastases, body temperature is increased.

Therapeutic measures

Treatment of uterine cancer, like any other malignant tumor, can only be successful if complex application known methods– surgery, radiation, chemical and hormonal therapy. The number of methods and their combinations are selected by the doctor depending on the indications for each patient individually.

Surgery

It is believed that, without surgery surgical removal tumor focus, reach positive results It is extremely difficult, and sometimes impossible, therefore, most often, to combat uterine cancer, a hysterectomy is performed - complete removal body of the uterus.

Depending on the indications, the operation can be extended to – ovaries with fallopian tubes, vaginal area and regional lymph nodes affected by metastases of the primary tumor.

The operation is relatively simple and the patient is often discharged from the hospital within a week after the operation, and 1 to 2 months are enough for rehabilitation and return to a normal lifestyle. Sometimes postoperative side effects occur, for example, nausea, increased fatigue and weakness, problems with urination, but this is a temporary phenomenon, and everything returns to normal over time.

Patients who undergo hysterectomy during their childbearing years lose the ability to become pregnant and bear a child. After the operation, they experience hot flashes, increased sweating (especially at night) and unusual vaginal dryness for some time. This is due to a significant reduction in the number female hormones.

When lymph nodes are removed, swelling of the lower extremities often occurs - lymphedema. To relieve this symptom, use therapeutic massages and creams.

Radiation therapy

Radiation therapy is used both before surgery to minimize the size and activity of the tumor, and after, to reduce the risk of relapse. Radiation is also used in cases of severely advanced disease, when surgical intervention is impossible or not advisable.

Radiation therapy is divided into 2 types according to the site of application - external and internal. In the first case, irradiation is carried out into the pelvic area from outside. The course of treatment, as a rule, lasts from one to several weeks - the tumor is irradiated 5 times a week, for several minutes. In the second case, a special micro-emitter is used, inserted into the vagina - closer to the tumor site.

Combining radiation and chemotherapy gives good results.

Radiation therapy has proven its effectiveness in the fight against cancer over time, but it has a significant drawback - serious consequences for the body:

Nausea;
Vomit;
Diarrhea and, on the contrary, constipation;
Urinary disorders;
Local baldness;
Radioactive burns of the irradiated tissue area;
Prolonged weakness and fatigue.

If the scope of the operation is limited to removal of the uterus, there is Great chance dysfunction of the ovaries and cessation menstrual cycle. Unfortunately, these problems do not always normalize, especially in women over 40. These phenomena are accompanied by symptoms typical of menopause.

When properly organized rehabilitation activities In the vast majority of cases, these symptoms disappear over time.

Chemical therapy

Chemotherapy involves the use special drugs, which have a destructive effect on cancer cells. It is carried out in patients with cancer stages 2, 3 and 4, as a treatment that reduces the likelihood of relapse or together with surgery. Like radiation, chemotherapy is also used if surgery is impossible or if there is uncertainty about complete removal of all tumor foci. At the last stages - 3 and 4 stages of cancer, it is combined with radiation therapy for a more severe effect on cancer cells.

Chemotherapy is carried out cyclically, with a regularity determined by the doctor, by intravenous administration drug into the blood. Depending on the patient’s condition, treatment is carried out both on an outpatient basis and in inpatient conditions under constant supervision.

Cytostatics are drugs used in chemotherapy that destroy cancer cells, and healthy ones also suffer. In addition, chemotherapy introduces a fairly decent dose of toxins into the body, which cannot but lead to unpleasant side effects:

Susceptibility to infectious diseases;
Bleeding;
Hair coloring and hair loss;
Constipation, diarrhea;
Loss of appetite;
Nausea and vomiting.

All this is accompanied by weakness, chronic fatigue and apathy.

Hormone therapy

This type of treatment is effective only if hormonal tumors are detected - those that require certain hormones for their vital functions and die in the presence of others. Typically, hormonal therapy is used to treat a tumor that has extensively metastasized, to slow the progression of the disease, or to treat initial stages uterine cancer, provided that removal of the uterus is not acceptable - the woman wants to maintain the opportunity to give birth to a child.

Side effects depend on the hormone used. If progesterone is used, the patient may gain significant weight and experience swelling and painful sensitivity in the chest.

Diet during treatment

Proper nutrition during treatment for uterine cancer helps the body recover faster. It is necessary to maximize the consumption of vegetables and fruits, and, on the contrary, exclude food products containing animal fats. They are replaced with fish meat, which is rich in fatty acids, and they have properties that inhibit cancer cells. Must be included in your diet dairy products and green tea.

Your doctor or specialist nutritionist will prescribe a specific diet.

Where to get treatment?

Israeli medicine is rightfully considered the best, but one should not neglect domestic specialists. For example, in the center nuclear medicine in Kazan, apply unique method complex treatment any forms of cancer of the uterus and its cervix with subsequent rehabilitation. For this purpose, modern unique installations are used, of which there are only two in the world.

The treatment here is so successful that women from all over the country and even foreigners come to Kazan. The Kazan Nuclear Medicine Center, in addition to the highest level of services provided, has another advantage - for Russian women, examination and treatment are absolutely free, but foreign women who are not averse to going to the Kazan Treatment Center are forced to pay for their treatment. This interest of foreign citizens is due not only to the cost of treatment, which in their countries is significantly higher than in the Kazan Nuclear Medicine Center, but also to its high quality.

Forecasts for the course of the disease

The main question is how long do women with uterine or cervical cancer live? The answer depends primarily on the stage of the disease and the histology of the cancer cells.

Zero – stage of appearance of cancer cells, least dangerous – complete cure almost always possible. Such patients live after anti-cancer therapy, live as long as they want. At the first stage of the disease, at least 8 out of 10 women who have undergone complex therapy live more than five years. The second stage leaves only 6 out of 10 patients a chance of five-year survival; the third stage is treated very poorly, only a third survive for 5 years. But how long do patients with stage 4, the last stage of uterine cancer live, is a complex and practically unpredictable question. It all depends on large quantity factors - how old the patient is, what is the general physical condition of the body - its susceptibility to radiation and chemotherapy, what is the degree of differentiation of the tumor. And even with the most favorable combination of all these factors, patients with stage 4 uterine cancer have a low chance of five-year survival - no more than 7%.

Video on the topic

Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Afanasyev Maxim Stanislavovich, oncologist, surgeon, oncogynecologist, expert in the treatment of dysplasia and cervical cancer

Historically, medicine has established the opinion that the uterus is needed only for bearing a child. Therefore, if a woman does not plan to give birth, she can safely resort to surgery.

Is this really true or not? Why, for example, in March 2015, Angelina Jolie had both ovaries and fallopian tubes removed, but left an “unnecessary” uterus? Let's find out together whether hysterectomy is dangerous. And if it’s dangerous, then with what.

From a surgeon's point of view, radical surgery solves the issue “at its root”: no organ – no problem. But in fact, surgeons’ recommendations cannot always be perceived as objective. They often do not follow up with patients after discharge, do not conduct examinations six months, a year, 2 years after removal of the uterus, and do not record complaints. Surgeons only operate and rarely face the consequences of the operation, so they often have a false idea about the safety of this operation.

Meanwhile, scientists different countries independently conducted a series of observations. They found that within five years after hysterectomy, most women developed:

1. (previously absent) pelvic pain of varying intensity,

2. problems with the intestines,

3. urinary incontinence,

4. vaginal prolapse and prolapse,

5. depression and depression, up to serious mental disorders,

6. emotional and physiological problems in a relationship with a spouse,

7. Some women who were operated on for severe dysplasia or in situ cancer experienced a recurrence of the disease - damage to the stump area and vaginal vault.

8. fatigue,

9. steady increase blood pressure and other serious cardiovascular problems.

The problem is not invented, because according to the data Science Center obstetrics, gynecology and perinatology of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, various operations Removal of the uterus accounts for from 32 to 38.2% of all abdominal gynecological operations. In Russia, this is about 1,000,000 uterus removed annually!

The problem also has another side. Since all of these complications develop gradually, over the course of a year or several years after surgery, women do not associate the deterioration in their quality of life with the previous operation.

I am writing this material so that you can evaluate for yourselfall the pros and cons of the operation, weigh the pros and cons,and make your choice consciously.

My practice shows that there are no extra organs. Even for older women, hysterectomy has negative health consequences, and I will discuss them in detail in the second part of this article.

Diagnoses that are no longer indications for hysterectomy

Thanks to the introduction of high-tech methods, some of the indications for genital removal have ceased to exist. absolute indications. Here is a list of diagnoses for which removal of the uterus in women can be replaced by other treatment methods and the organ can be saved.

1. Symptomatic, enlarged, rapidly growing uterine fibroids are today treated by embolization of the uterine arteries: the vessels feeding the fibroids are blocked. Subsequently, the fibroid gradually resolves.

2. Adenomyosis, or internal endometriosis, can be eliminated using a therapeutic method (PDT).

With endometriosis, cells in the inner lining of the uterus grow in unusual places. PDT specifically destroys these cells without affecting healthy tissue.

Photodynamic therapy is an organ-preserving treatment method that is included in the federal standard of care (see).

3. Precancerous condition of the endometrium -, – are also treatable using PDT. To date, I have successfully treated 2 patients with this pathology.

In cases where hyperplasia is predominantly viral nature, PDT treatment can eliminate the cause of the disease. In the treatment of cervical pathologies, the complete destruction of the human papillomavirus after one PDT session is confirmed in 94% of patients, and in 100% of patients after a second PDT session.

4. Precancerous conditions and oncological formations in the cervix. , and even microinvasive cancer can be completely cured using photodynamic therapy in 1 or 2 sessions.

The PDT method eliminates not only the disease itself, but also its cause – the human papillomavirus.

That's why correctly and completely Photodynamic therapy performed is the only method that ensures lifelong recovery and minimal risk of relapse (reinfection is possible only if reinfection HPV).

There is one more good news. Previously, a combination of age and several gynecological diagnoses was a compelling reason for organ removal. For example, a combination of cervical condylomas and uterine fibroids, or cervical dysplasia with adenomyosis against the background of a completed labor function.

To justify the removal of an organ, the surgeon usually does not give rational arguments, but refers to own experience or established opinion. But today (even if the attending physician tells you otherwise) a combination of several diagnoses is no longer a direct indication for removal of the uterus. Modern medicine considers each diagnosis as independent, and for each treatment tactics are determined individually.

For example, dysplasia and adenomyosis regress after photodynamic therapy. And the presence of multiple fibroids is not a reason for oncological alertness. Numerous observations recent years show that fibroids are in no way associated with cancer, do not degenerate into a cancerous tumor, and are not even a risk factor.

In surgery, there is a concept of risks of therapeutic effects. The task of a good doctor is to minimize risks. When a doctor decides on treatment tactics, he is obliged to evaluate the indications, weigh the possible negative consequences of different treatment methods, and choose the most gentle and effective one.

By law, doctors must inform everyone possible methods treatment, but in practice this does not happen. Therefore, against the backdrop of the surgeon’s urgent recommendations for organ removal, I strongly advise you to consult several specialists or write me to evaluate the feasibility of breast-conserving treatment that is right for you.

Unfortunately, not all diseases of the uterus can be treated with minimally invasive and therapeutic methods, and in some cases it is still better to remove the uterus. Such indications for removal are called absolute - that is, not requiring discussion.

Absolute indications for hysterectomy

1. Uterine fibroids with necrotic changes in the node. Preservation of an organ with such a diagnosis poses a threat to life.

2. Prolonged uterine bleeding that cannot be stopped by any other means. This condition is fraught with loss of a large volume of blood and carries serious danger for life.

3. Combination of large uterine fibroids and cicatricial deformation of the cervix.

4. Uterine prolapse.

5. Cancer, starting from stage I.

6. Giant size of tumors.

Depending on the indications, operations on the uterus are performed using different methods and in different volumes. First, we will get acquainted with the types of surgical interventions. Then I will dwell in detail on the consequences that every woman will experience to one degree or another after the removal of this organ.

Types of hysterectomy operations

In medical practice, abdominal and endoscopic removal uterus.

Abdominal surgery (laparotomy) is performed through an incision on the anterior abdominal wall.
The method is considered traumatic, but it provides great access and in some cases there is simply no alternative. For example, if the uterus has reached a large size due to fibroids.
Second way - endoscopic surgery(laparoscopy). In this case, the surgeon removes the uterus through punctures in the anterior abdominal wall. Laparoscopic hysterectomy is much less traumatic and allows for faster recovery after surgery.
Vaginal hysterectomy is the removal of the uterus through the vagina.

Consequences after abdominal hysterectomy surgery

Abdominal surgery to remove the uterus through a large incision is one of the most traumatic procedures. In addition to the complications caused directly by the removal of the uterus, such an operation has other negative consequences.

1. After the operation, a noticeable scar remains.

2. High probability of hernia formation in the scar area.

3. Open surgery usually leads to the development of extensive adhesions in the pelvic area.

4. Rehabilitation and restoration (including performance) requires a lot of time, in some cases up to 45 days.

Removal of the uterus without the cervix. Consequences of supravaginal amputation of the uterus without appendages

Whether the cervix is left or removed during a hysterectomy depends on the condition of the cervix and the risks associated with retaining it.

If the cervix is left, this is the most favorable situation possible.

On the one hand, due to the preserved ovaries, the hormonal system continues to function more or less normally. But why do they leave the cervix when removing the uterus? Preserving the cervix allows you to maintain the length of the vagina, and after restoration the woman will be able to lead a full sex life.

Removal of the uterus without ovaries. Consequences of hysterectomy without appendages

Removal of the uterus without appendages, but with the cervix, is a more traumatic operation.

By leaving the ovaries, the surgeon allows the woman to maintain normal hormonal levels. If the operation is performed at a young age, the ovaries can avoid menopause and all associated health consequences.

But even after removal of the uterus without appendages, the anatomical relationship of the organs is disrupted. As a result, their function is impaired.

In addition, complete removal of the uterus, even with preservation of the ovaries, leads to shortening of the vagina. In many cases, this is not critical for sex life. But the anatomy of the organ is different for everyone, and not all women manage to adapt.

Removal of the uterus with appendages

This is the most traumatic operation that requires a lot of recovery time.

It requires serious hormonal correction and usually causes all the most severe consequences, especially if performed at the age of 40-50 years - that is, before the onset of natural menopause.

I will tell you more about the most common consequences of hysterectomy below. The most unpleasant thing is that all these consequences are irreversible and practically impossible to correct.

Meanwhile, a series of recent scientific research in this area says the opposite. Even if the ovaries are preserved, removal of the uterus is an operation with a high risk of endocrine disorders.

The reason is simple. The uterus is connected to the ovaries and tubes by a system of ligaments, nerve fibers and blood vessels. Any operation on the uterus leads to serious disruption of the blood supply to the ovaries, up to partial necrosis. Needless to say, in literally suffocating ovaries, the production of hormones is disrupted.

Hormonal imbalances manifest themselves in a whole string unpleasant symptoms, the most harmless of which is a decrease in libido.

In the vast majority of cases, the ovaries are not able to completely restore or compensate for normal blood supply. Accordingly, the hormonal balance of the female body is not restored.

Consequence 2. Ovarian cysts after removal of the uterus

This is a fairly common complication in cases where the ovaries are preserved after removal of the uterus. This is how the negative impact of the operation itself manifests itself.

To understand the nature of the cyst, you must first understand how the ovaries work.

In fact, a cyst is a natural process that occurs every month in the ovary under the influence of hormones and is called follicular cyst. If the egg is not fertilized, the cyst bursts and menstruation begins.

Now let's see what happens to the ovaries after removal of the uterus.

The uterus itself does not produce hormones. And many surgeons assure that after its removal the hormonal levels will not change. But they forget to say how closely the uterus is connected to other organs. When separating the ovaries from the uterus, the surgeon inevitably disrupts the blood supply and injures them. As a result, the functioning of the ovaries is disrupted, and their hormonal activity decreases.

Unlike the uterus, the ovaries produce hormones. Disturbances in the functioning of the ovaries lead to disruption of hormonal levels and the process of follicle maturation. The cyst does not resolve, but continues to grow.

It takes about 6 months to restore the full functioning of the ovaries and level out hormonal levels. But not always everything ends well, and the enlarged cyst resolves. Often, repeated surgery is required to remove an overgrown cyst - with large tumors there is a risk of rupture and bleeding.

If, several months after removal of the uterus, pain appears in the lower abdomen, which increases over time, you should visit a gynecologist. The most likely reason why the ovary hurts is an overgrown cyst.

The likelihood of developing this complication is only 50% dependent on the skill of the surgeon. Every woman's anatomy is unique. It is not possible to predict the location of the ovaries and their behavior before surgery, so no one can predict the development of a cyst after removal of the uterus.

Consequence 3. Adhesions after hysterectomy

Extensive adhesive process after removal of the uterus often leads to the development of chronic pelvic pain. The characteristic symptoms of these pains are that they intensify with bloating, indigestion, peristalsis, sudden movements, long walking.

Adhesions after surgery to remove the uterus form gradually. Accordingly, pain appears only after some time.

At the initial stage, postoperative adhesions in the pelvis are treated conservatively; if ineffective, laparoscopic excision of adhesions is resorted to.

Consequence 4. Weight after hysterectomy

Body weight after surgery can behave differently: some women gain weight, sometimes even gain weight, while others manage to lose weight.

The most common scenario after removal of reproductive organs is rapid weight gain, or a woman’s belly grows.

1. One of the reasons why women gain weight is due to metabolic disorders and the resulting fluid retention in the body. Therefore, strictly monitor how much water you drink and how much you excrete.

2. After removal of the uterus and ovaries, the hormonal levels change, which leads to a slowdown in the breakdown of fat, and the woman begins to gain excess weight.

In this case, a gentle diet will help to remove the belly. Meals should be fractional, small portions 6-7 times a day.

Should you worry if you have lost weight after having your hysterectomy? If the reason for the operation was a giant tumor or fibroid, there is no need to worry, you lost weight after removing the uterus.

If there was no mass formation, but you are losing weight, most likely it is a hormonal imbalance. To return your weight to normal, you will need hormone therapy.

Consequence 5. Sex after hysterectomy

Women who have undergone vaginal hysterectomy should observe sexual rest for at least 2 months until they heal. internal seams. In all other cases, sex can be had 1-1.5 months after the operation.

Sex life after removal of the uterus undergoes changes.

In general, women are concerned about vaginal dryness, burning after intercourse, discomfort, painful sensations. This occurs due to a drop in estrogen levels, which causes the genital mucosa to become thinner and begin to produce less lubricant. Hormonal imbalance reduces libido and interest in sexual life decreases.

Removal of the uterus and appendages has the greatest impact on intimate side life, since the lack of female hormones leads to frigidity.
Removal of the uterine body has little effect on intimate life. Vaginal dryness and decreased libido may occur.
Removal of the uterus and cervix leads to shortening of the vagina, which makes sex difficult after surgery.

Consequence 6. Orgasm after hysterectomy

Does a woman have an orgasm after a hysterectomy?

On the one hand, all sensitive points - the G-spot and the clitoris - are preserved, and theoretically a woman retains the ability to experience orgasm even after removal of the organ.

But in reality, not every woman gets an orgasm after surgery.

Thus, when the ovaries are removed, the content of sex hormones in the body drops sharply, and many develop sexual coldness. A decrease in the production of sex hormones occurs even if the ovaries are preserved - for many reasons, after surgery, their activity is disrupted.

The best prognosis for orgasms is for those who still have a cervix.

The consequences after removal of the uterus and cervix are manifested in a shortening of the vagina by about a third. Full sexual intercourse often becomes impossible. Studies carried out in this area have shown that the cervix has great value in achieving vaginal orgasms, and when the cervix is removed, its achievement becomes extremely difficult.

Consequence 7. Pain after hysterectomy

Pain is one of the main complaints after surgery.

1. In the postoperative period, pain in the lower abdomen may indicate a problem in the suture area or inflammation. In the first case, the stomach hurts along the seam. In the second case, high temperature is added to the main symptom.

2. If the lower abdomen hurts and swelling appears, you can suspect a hernia - a defect through which the peritoneum and intestinal loops extend under the skin.

3. Severe pain after surgery to remove the uterus, high fever, bad feeling signal pelvioperitonitis, hematoma or bleeding. Repeat surgery may be required to resolve the situation.

4. Pain in the heart indicates the possibility of development cardiovascular diseases.

A large Swedish study of 180,000 women found that hysterectomy significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. coronary disease and stroke. Removing the ovaries further aggravates the situation.

5. If you are concerned about swelling of the legs or an increase in local skin temperature, you need to rule out thrombophlebitis of the veins of the pelvis or lower extremities.

6. Pain in the back, lower back, right side or left can be a symptom adhesive disease, cysts on the ovary and much more - it is better to consult a doctor.

Consequence 8. Prolapse after hysterectomy

After removal of the uterus, the anatomical location organs, muscles, nerves and blood vessels are injured, blood supply to the pelvic area is disrupted. The frame that supports the organs in a certain position ceases to perform its functions.

All this leads to displacement and prolapse of internal organs - primarily the intestines and bladder. Extensive adhesions aggravate the problem.

This is manifested by numerous increasing problems with the intestines and urinary incontinence with physical activity, coughing.

Consequence 9. Prolapse after hysterectomy

The same mechanisms cause the so-called genital prolapse - drooping of the vaginal walls and even their loss.

If in the postoperative period a woman begins to lift weights without waiting for full recovery, the situation worsens. Intra-abdominal pressure increases, the walls of the vagina are “pushed” out. For this reason, lifting weights is contraindicated even for healthy women.

When lowered, the woman experiences a sensation of a foreign object in the perineal area. Pain bothers me. Sex life becomes painful.

To reduce the symptoms of prolapse of the vaginal walls after removal of the uterus, it is indicated special gymnastics. For example, Kegel exercises. Constipation also increases intra-abdominal pressure, so to prevent the process you will have to learn to monitor bowel function: bowel movements should be daily, and feces– soft.

Unfortunately, vaginal prolapse after hysterectomy cannot be treated.

Consequence 10. Intestines after hysterectomy

Intestinal problems after surgery are affected not only by the changed anatomy of the pelvis, but also by a massive adhesive process.

Intestinal function is disrupted, constipation, flatulence occur, various violations defecation, pain in the lower abdomen. To avoid intestinal problems, you must follow a diet.

You will have to learn to eat often, 6 - 8 times a day, in small portions.

What can you eat? Everything, with the exception of heavy foods, foods that cause bloating, and stool retention.

Improves the condition of the pelvic organs and regular exercise.

Consequence 12. Urinary incontinence after hysterectomy

This syndrome develops in almost 100% of cases as a consequence of a violation of the integrity of the ligamentous and muscular framework during surgery. The bladder prolapses and the woman loses control of urination.

To restore bladder function, doctors recommend performing Kegel exercises, but even with exercise, the condition usually progresses.

Consequence 13. Relapse after hysterectomy

Uterine surgery is performed for various indications.

Unfortunately, the operation does not protect against relapse if the uterus was removed due to one of those diseases that are caused by the human papillomavirus, namely:

leukoplakia of the cervix,
stage 1A cervical or uterine cancer
microinvasive cervical cancer, etc.

Regardless of the technique, surgery does not guarantee 100% recovery; it only removes the lesion. Traces of the human papillomavirus, which is the cause of all these diseases, remain in the vaginal mucosa. Once activated, the virus causes a relapse.

Of course, if there is no organ, then a relapse of the disease cannot occur either in the uterus or in its cervix. The cervical stump and the mucous membrane of the vaginal vault are subject to relapses - dysplasia of the vaginal stump develops.

Unfortunately, relapses are very difficult to treat with classical methods. Medicine can only offer such patients traumatic methods. Removing the vagina is an extremely complex and traumatic operation, and the risks radiation therapy comparable to the risks of the disease itself.

According to various sources, relapses after surgery occur in 30 - 70% of cases. That is why, for the purpose of prevention, the Herzen Institute recommends performing photodynamic therapy of the vagina and cervical stump even after surgical removal of the uterus. Only eliminating the papilloma virus protects against the return of the disease.

This is the story of my patient Natalya, who faced a relapse of cancer of the vaginal stump after removal of the uterus.

“Well, I’ll start my sad story in order, with a happy ending. After giving birth at 38 years old and my daughter turning 1.5 years old, I had to go to work and I decided to see a gynecologist. In September 2012, there was no sign of sadness, but the tests were not reassuring - stage 1 cervical cancer. It was of course shock, panic, tears, sleepless nights. In oncology I passed all the tests, where the human papillomavirus genotype 16.18 was discovered.

The only thing our doctors offered me was expiration of the cervix and uterus, but I asked to leave the ovaries.

The postoperative period was very difficult both physically and mentally. In general, a vaginal stump remained, no matter how sad it may sound. In 2014, after 2 years, tests again show a not very good picture - then after six months, grade 2. They treated her with everything - all kinds of suppositories, antivirals, ointments.

In short, a lot of money was spent, and after a year and a half of treatment for this dysplasia, it went into the third stage and again cancer. What did our doctors offer me this time: photodynamics.

After reading about her, I was delighted and gave myself into their hands. And what do you think, what was the result of them? innovative technologies? And nothing has changed! Everything remained in its place. But I read so much about this method, studied various articles, I was especially attracted to the photodynamic method of Dr. Afanasyev M.S., and having compared the method and technology of treatment, I was surprised that everything that this doctor writes and tells was significantly different from how they did it me in our clinic. Starting from the ratio medicinal product per kilogram of my weight, the methodology itself, the questions they asked me. After photodynamics, I was forced to wear glasses for almost a month, sit at home with the curtains closed, and not lean out into the street. I had no doubt that they simply did not know how to do this procedure! I contacted Dr. Afanasyev M.S., bombarded him with questions, told my story and he offered his help. I thought and doubted for a long time.

My doctor offered me radiation therapy, but knowing the consequences and the quality of life after this therapy, I still chose photodynamics again, but that Maxim Stanislavovich would do it for me.

Having gathered new strength, I flew to Moscow. The first impression of the clinic was, of course, pleasant, you feel like a person whom everyone cares about, attentiveness and responsiveness are the main qualities of these employees.

About the PDT procedure and recovery

The procedure itself took place under anesthesia, went away quickly, and in the evening I went to see my sister who was staying with me. I only wore glasses for three days. After 40 days I went for an initial examination to my clinic, but I had an eroded spot, apparently the healing was slow, but despite everything this - tests were good! The doctor prescribed healing suppositories. And when I came back after 3 weeks, the doctor gave me…….., everything healed, and I was very surprised - how did that happen! After all, during the entire practice of conducting photodynamics using their technology, there was not a single positive result! Now I will go for another examination in April. I am sure that everything will always be fine for me now!

This is my story. And I’m telling it to you so that you don’t give up, and during treatment choose the most gentle method of treatment, and not remove everything at once, apparently this is easier for our doctors. If I had found out about Maxim Stanislavovich earlier, I would have avoided these tears, a terrible operation, the consequences of which will strain my whole life! So think about it! No amount of money is worth our health! And most importantly, if you have the human papillomavirus of this particular genotype, which provokes cervical cancer under certain circumstances, you need to remove this cause. This is exactly what photodynamics does, but the technology and the doctor who does it must be masters of their craft. Who have great experience, scientific works and positive results in this area. And I think the only doctor who observes all this is Maxim Stanislavovich. Thank you very much Maxim Stanislavovich!!!”

The consequences described above after removal of the uterus affect different women to varying degrees. Young women of childbearing age have the hardest time undergoing hysterectomy.

Consequences of hysterectomy after 50 years

Surgery during menopause also does not greatly affect the health and well-being of a woman.

And if the operation was performed according to indications, then you made the right choice.

Consequences of hysterectomy after 40 years

If a woman did not have menopause before surgery, then recovery period It will be very difficult for her. The consequences of surgery during active childbearing years are experienced much more acutely than at the age of natural menopause.

If the operation was caused by a huge fibroid or bleeding, removal of the uterus provides significant relief. Unfortunately, almost everything develops over time. long-term consequences, which we talked about above.

On medical language this condition is called post-hysterectomy and post-variectomy syndrome. It manifests itself as mood swings, hot flashes, arrhythmia, dizziness, weakness, and headache. The woman does not tolerate stress well and begins to get tired.

Within just a few months, sexual desire decreases and pain develops in the pelvic area. The skeletal system suffers - the level drops minerals, osteoporosis develops.

If hormonal levels are not corrected, aging will begin immediately after surgery: 5 years after hysterectomy, 55–69% of women operated on at the age of 39–46 years have a hormonal profile consistent with the postmenopausal one.

Surgery to remove uterine cancer is not necessary in its early stages

Uterine cancer is adenocarcinoma and carcinoma is a malignant process. The choice of treatment method and extent of intervention depends on the stage of the disease.

Previously, the initial stages of cancer (, microinvasive cancer) and precancerous diseases (,) were an indication for removal of the uterus. Unfortunately, oncological surgery does not eliminate the cause of the disease - the human papillomavirus - and therefore has a high rate of relapses.

Often this operation is combined with simultaneous removal of the ovaries and fallopian tubes. It is performed more often for malignant tumors confirmed by histological analysis.

Before the operation, a biopsy of the cervix is performed; if necessary, hysteroscopy of the uterus (examination of its internal surface with an endoscopic probe), ultrasound of the ovaries, laparoscopy and many other studies are performed. That is, the indications for hysterectomy are always justified, and it is performed only in the interests of the woman’s health. As a rule, with modern technologies it is successful, and great attention is given to the management of the postoperative period, where diet plays an important role.

Recovery period after hysterectomy

All postoperative period is divided into 3 main stages:

Early hospitalization
Late hospitalization
Outpatient

The early postoperative period lasts up to 3 days, and it is the most responsible: the body is cleared of anesthesia, the function of the main organs is restored. It is on these days that they most often occur. postoperative complications– thrombosis, bleeding, organ disorders after anesthesia, intestinal paresis, and often bloating.

The late hospital period after surgery is considered from the 4th day until discharge from the hospital. The wound is healing, intestinal function and metabolic processes are normalizing.

The outpatient period after the patient arrives home can last up to several months, depending on the scope of the intervention. And if in the hospital the patient was monitored and monitored for treatment and diet, then after discharge all responsibility falls on the woman herself. The state of her health will largely depend on how she organizes her diet and diet.

The role of diet after surgery and its principles

Preparation for surgery to remove the uterus includes taking laxatives, cleansing the intestines, and is, of course, performed on an empty stomach. During the intervention, the intestines are affected, at least to a small extent, because the operation is abdominal. Laparoscopy, or rather, minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery through a probe, is less traumatic in this regard, and this method is increasingly preferred today.

As a result, the digestive organs in any case experience a certain “stress”, and in order to return them to normal functioning, it is necessary to follow a gentle diet. Nutritional therapy is also necessary for other reasons. When the ovaries and fallopian tubes are removed at the same time, the hormonal levels in a woman’s body sharply decrease, and they play a big role in metabolism, in particular fat. Such women quickly gain weight, and here a diet is simply necessary.

Further, the very effect of anesthesia on the body is also not entirely safe; time is needed to stabilize it and restore functions, and diet plays a role. The exception is non-cavitary operations, many of which are performed on an outpatient basis, for example, removal of a cervical cyst with a colposcope through the vagina, excision of erosion, endoscopic blowing of the fallopian tubes, and so on.

In the case of cancer, radiation therapy is often prescribed before or after surgery, and it also has its own Negative influence on the body, it requires support, including diet.

The basic principles of the diet after hysterectomy are:

fractional meals up to 6-7 meals per day, reducing its volume by half;
a gradual increase in the calorie content of food from the “lightest” to the more satisfying;
increased consumption of drinking water, preferably low-mineralized, without gas - up to 3-4 liters per day, for the fastest removal of toxins after anesthesia, radiation therapy, prevention of blood thickening and thrombosis.

Advice: all this information is necessary for the patient, but in any case, the diet should always be coordinated with the attending physician and follow his recommendations. “Liberty” in nutrition can lead to undesirable consequences.

What foods should you not eat?

In the postoperative period, the point of the diet is, on the one hand, not to cause irritation and bloating intestinal tract, on the other hand, to restore his normal motor skills and evacuation function. In this regard, a “taboo” has been introduced on the following types of products:

salty and spicy foods, spicy seasonings;
fried or grilled foods;
smoked meat, fish, lard, sausage;
too fatty foods, especially those containing animal fats;
All legume products(peas, beans, lentils), they cause bloating;
white bread, pastries, butter and cream confectionery;
slimy products (jelly, jelly, liquid slimy porridge);
coffee, cocoa, strong tea, black chocolate;
any drinks containing alcohol and gas.

Although fat is the main source of energy, animal fats should be excluded. This is especially true for women who have had their uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries removed. Due to estrogen deficiency in the body, the utilization of fats is disrupted, they are stored “in reserve”, and obesity develops. Also suffer blood vessels, “bad” solid cholesterol is deposited on their walls, causing atherosclerosis.

Advice: you are surprised, because slimy porridges and soups are traditionally dietary. Yes, but they are good after operations on the stomach and intestines, they spare them and relax them. In this case, on the contrary, there is no need to spare the intestines, but you need to make it function normally, so these products must be excluded.

Allowed and healthy products

Diet therapy after removal of the uterus, as well as fallopian tubes and ovaries, is aimed at restoring the balance of nutrients in the body, saturation with vitamins and minerals, removing toxins, increasing hemoglobin, especially after uterine bleeding. The diet should contain the following products:

a sufficient amount of liquid (water, non-acidic juices, preferably with pulp, decoctions of medicinal herbs, weak green tea);
complete proteins - boiled chicken, beef and lean fish, very healthy beef liver also boiled, steam cutlets;
vegetable fats in moderation, preferably unrefined oil (olive, flaxseed, sunflower);
vegetables – stewed or steamed;
fresh fruits and greens (except grapes and pomegranate, which cause bloating);
cereal crumbly porridges;
fermented milk products with low fat content, better containing lacto- and bifidobacteria, they normalize intestinal function and participate in the formation of vitamins.

For passionate coffee lovers, you can temporarily replace it with a chicory surrogate, and it will be very useful, or you can buy caffeine-free coffee.

From the recommended list of products, any woman can prepare a wide variety of dishes, using a little imagination. Then the diet will not only have a therapeutic effect, but also bring pleasure, which is also important during the recovery period after surgery.

For most women, the worst outcome that female oncology can have is removal of the uterus. The problem is not only that it will not be possible to return to your usual lifestyle, but also that uterine cancer is not excluded in the future. Oncology is scary because of its relapses, due to the fact that they are real and cancer often occurs after removal of the uterus. What to fear in case of relapse?

Cancer after hysterectomy: features of the problem

Women's oncology is no exception to the issue of repeated defeat. Often the tumor affects what is left of the reproductive apparatus and neighboring organs - most often the excretory system. Many people believe that cancer is impossible after removal of the uterus. However, doctors return almost everyone to earth. There are more pathogenic factors after removal of the uterus. The fact is that the operation causes enormous damage to the woman’s body from an anatomical point of view, plus it is large-scale abdominal surgery when it doesn’t go away so easily for the body. But the facts say that oncology extremely does not like interference in its structure, and if a significant number of cancer cells remain in the body, they can cause a relapse at the sutures that have not yet healed.

Cancer after hysterectomy: what to fear?

What are the risks of cancer after removal of the uterus and what should you be most afraid of?

The most unpleasant thing about cancer recurrence after removal of the uterus is the defeat excretory system. Because in essence reproductive system already at the time of relapse, cancer cells begin to infect neighboring organs. The development of this oncology is fraught with the most terrible and unpleasant consequences.

Often, doctors try to preserve at least the ovaries for a woman with uterine cancer, so as not to introduce complete dysfunction into the hormonal balance. Of course, in this case, it is the ovaries that are affected by cancer. They try to warn women about the threat of relapse and explain to them all the consequences. However, it is extremely difficult to predict the course of the disease; oncology is unpredictable.

In addition, there is a possibility that the cancer will “rise” upward and touch the tissues of the body, internal organs diaphragm towers, bones. The development of oncology in this vein is rare, but it does occur. It is better to know about the danger immediately.

The main recommendation on how to protect yourself from cancer after the uterus has been removed sounds simple. Take care of yourself. You need to lead a measured lifestyle, be less nervous, don’t lift heavy things, don’t fall, don’t hit yourself, eat normally, and stabilize your hormone levels. All these tips are simple, but they are the ones that will help you get back into the flow of life and start smiling again.

Surgery for uterine cancer

Posted By: admin 06/20/2016

This is a disease caused by malignancy of the tissue cells of the mucous membrane or walls of the uterus - the endometrium or myometrium. The inner layer of the walls of this organ is built from endometrial cells, on which a fertilized egg develops, and if this does not happen, the layer is torn off and removed through the vagina to the outside during the next menstruation. Myometrium is the building material of the muscle tissue of the uterus itself and its cervix, with the help of which the organ makes contractile movements.

Minimum required knowledge about tumors

Cancer of the body or cervix occurs when the normal process of cell growth is disrupted and dead cells are replaced by new, healthy ones. A failure and cell division occurs, which becomes uncontrolled - their number begins to rapidly increase and form into tumor tissue. A neoplasm occurs, most often in the cervix, which can be either benign or malignant, giving metastases.

If benign neoplasms are relatively harmless and their timely treatment, for the most part, leads to a complete and final recovery - relapses occur extremely rarely, then malignant tumors, especially the cervix, often lead to surgery to remove the woman’s reproductive organ. And even after such an intervention, not all patients live long.

Categories of people at increased risk of this disease

First of all, women whose close relatives had similar problems at a young age, under 40, need to be attentive. The following conditions increase the risk of uterine cancer:

Endometrial hyperplasia is the excessive growth of endometrial cells on the inner surface of the uterus and its cervix. This type of tumor is not malignant in nature, but is prone to degeneration into it. External manifestations of hyperplasia are painful and excessively heavy periods with bleeding between them, and after menopause periodic bleeding;
Excess weight also increases the risk of cancer of the endometrial cells of the uterus;
Early, before 12 years and late after 55 years of menstruation indicate a physiology predisposed to disorders of cellular genesis and the appearance of a malignant focus in the uterus;
Long-term use of hormonal drugs, such as estrogen, for menopause replacement treatment or tamoxifen, for the treatment of breast cancer;
Radiation therapy focused on the pelvis;
Not proper nutrition. Women whose diet is dominated by fatty foods of animal origin get sick more often than vegetarians.

Signs of a cancerous tumor in the uterus

Most often, the primary sign of a tumor in the uterus is vaginal discharge that is atypical for a woman. At first, they are mostly watery with a small amount of blood, and as the tumor develops, the discharge turns into full-fledged bleeding. As additional symptoms we note:

Impaired urination - the process causes difficulties and becomes painful;
Pain in the pelvic area;
Discomfort that turns into pain during sexual intercourse.

Diagnostics, treatment, rehabilitation

Any treatment begins with a quality diagnosis, which should include the following series of studies:

Gynecological examination and palpation;
Ultrasonic;
Hysteroscopic;
Biopsy.

There are five stages of tumor development, we will describe them briefly and in the order of development:

0 - Cancer cells were found only on the inner lining of the uterus;
1 – The tumor has grown into the endometrium;
2 – Damage to the cervix is observed;
3 – Tumor growth is significant. All layers of the reproductive organ, its neck, are affected, metastases have appeared in the vagina and local lymph nodes;
4- The most severe degree of damage - in addition to local pelvic organs, distant lymph nodes and organs are affected by metastases, body temperature is increased.

Therapeutic measures

Treatment of uterine cancer, like any other malignant tumor, can only be successful with the complex use of known methods - surgery, radiation, chemical and hormonal therapy. The number of methods and their combinations are selected by the doctor depending on the indications for each patient individually.

Surgery

It is believed that without an operation to surgically remove the tumor focus, it is extremely difficult, and sometimes impossible, to achieve positive results, therefore, most often, to combat uterine cancer, a hysterectomy is performed - complete removal of the uterine body.

Depending on the indications, the operation can be extended to the ovaries with fallopian tubes, the vaginal area and regional lymph nodes affected by metastases of the primary tumor.

When lymph nodes are removed, swelling of the lower extremities often occurs - lymphedema. To relieve this symptom, therapeutic massages and creams are used.

Radiation therapy

Radiation therapy is divided into 2 types according to the site of application - external and internal. In the first case, irradiation is carried out into the pelvic area from outside. The course of treatment, as a rule, lasts from one to several weeks - the tumor is irradiated 5 times a week, for several minutes. In the second case, a special micro-emitter is used, inserted into the vagina - closer to the tumor site.

Combining radiation and chemotherapy gives good results.

Radiation therapy has proven its effectiveness in the fight against cancer over time, but it has a significant drawback - serious consequences for the body:

Nausea;
Vomit;
Diarrhea and, on the contrary, constipation;
Urinary disorders;
Local baldness;
Radioactive burns of the irradiated tissue area;
Prolonged weakness and fatigue.

If the scope of the operation is limited to removal of the uterus, there is a high probability of disruption of the functionality of the ovaries and cessation of the menstrual cycle. Unfortunately, these problems do not always normalize, especially in women over 40. These phenomena are accompanied by symptoms typical of menopause.

With properly organized rehabilitation measures, in the vast majority of cases, these symptoms disappear over time.

Chemical therapy

Chemotherapy involves the use of special drugs that have a destructive effect on cancer cells. It is carried out in patients with cancer stages 2, 3 and 4, as a treatment that reduces the likelihood of relapse or together with surgery. Like radiation, chemotherapy is also used if surgery is impossible or if there is uncertainty about complete removal of all tumor foci. At the last stages - 3 and 4 stages of cancer, it is combined with radiation therapy for a more severe effect on cancer cells.

Chemotherapy is carried out cyclically, with a regularity determined by the doctor, by intravenous injection of the drug into the blood. Depending on the patient’s condition, treatment is carried out both on an outpatient basis and in an inpatient setting under constant supervision.

Susceptibility to infectious diseases;
Bleeding;
Hair coloring and hair loss;
Constipation, diarrhea;
Loss of appetite;
Nausea and vomiting.

All this is accompanied by weakness, chronic fatigue and apathy.

Hormone therapy

This type of treatment is effective only if hormonal tumors are detected - those that require certain hormones for their vital functions and die in the presence of others. As a rule, hormonal therapy is used to treat an extensively metastatic tumor, to reduce the rate of progression of the disease, or to treat the early stages of uterine cancer, provided that removal of the uterus is not acceptable - the woman wants to maintain the opportunity to have a child.

Side effects depend on the hormone used. If progesterone is used, the patient may gain significant weight and experience swelling and tenderness in the breasts.

Diet during treatment

Proper nutrition during treatment for uterine cancer helps the body recover faster. It is necessary to maximize the consumption of vegetables and fruits, and, on the contrary, exclude food products containing animal fats. They are replaced with fish meat, which is rich in fatty acids, and they have properties that inhibit cancer cells. You should definitely include fermented milk products and green tea in your diet.

Your doctor or specialist nutritionist will prescribe a specific diet.

Where to get treatment?

Israeli medicine is rightfully considered the best, but one should not neglect domestic specialists. For example, in the center of nuclear medicine in Kazan, they use a unique method of complex treatment of any form of cancer of the uterus and its cervix with subsequent rehabilitation. For this purpose, modern unique installations are used, of which there are only two in the world.

Forecasts for the course of the disease

The main question is how long do women with uterine or cervical cancer live? The answer depends primarily on the stage of the disease and the histology of the cancer cells.

Zero – the stage of appearance of cancer cells, the least dangerous – a complete cure is almost always possible. Such patients live after anti-cancer therapy, live as long as they want. At the first stage of the disease, at least 8 out of 10 women who have undergone complex therapy live more than five years. The second stage leaves only 6 out of 10 patients a chance of five-year survival; the third stage is treated very poorly, only a third survive for 5 years. But how long do patients with stage 4, the last stage of uterine cancer live, is a complex and practically unpredictable question. Here everything depends on a large number of factors - how old the patient is, what is the general physical condition of the body - its susceptibility to radiation and chemotherapy, what is the degree of differentiation of the tumor. And even with the most favorable combination of all these factors, patients with stage 4 uterine cancer have a low chance of five-year survival - no more than 7%.

Oncology patients, cancer after hysterectomy

Often, a person who learns about his diagnosis experiences real stress. Indeed, the word “cancer” frightens many and is a heavy blow, both for the cancer patient himself and for his loved ones.

It is no secret that any disease, not just cancer, is cured much faster if treatment is started in a timely manner, that is, at the first stage. Unfortunately, cancer is insidious disease, and it is precisely in the rudiment that it cannot be detected. A person consults a doctor only when he feels severe pain, when he is rapidly losing weight, when he loses consciousness, or when he has bleeding. Alas, cancer at the third and fourth stages is extremely rarely treatable, and the only thing a doctor can do is to alleviate suffering.

Yes, despite the fact that progress in medicine is obvious, it is not omnipotent. Even the most talented doctor cannot help a person whose body is being destroyed before our eyes. In this case, the patient is discharged home to give him the opportunity to be with people close to him.

For terminally ill cancer patients, the so-called symptomatic therapy, which is primarily patient care. The main goal of this therapy is not to prolong human life, but to create maximum comfortable conditions for him. A good solution would be to invite a professional nurse who can always provide the necessary assistance.

Caring for a person suffering from cancer requires not only professional training, but also a lot of courage, because late stages With cancer, a person often suffers from unbearable pain.

Painkillers should be given to cancer patients only as prescribed by a doctor; As a rule, the drug regimen is developed individually. Under no circumstances should you wait until the person is overcome by pain and only then give him the drug.

If pain syndrome intensifies, you should give a one-time dose of the medicine additionally, and then return to the usual regimen.

Unfortunately, malignant tumor, formed in the uterus, is a real death sentence for many women, since uterine cancer can only be cured through surgery. But even in this case, no one will give a guarantee. full recovery. “Sometimes after removal of uterine cancer they come back” - malignant cells can “make themselves known” again, which means that the woman will have to go under the surgeon’s scalpel again.

The danger of relapse lies in the fact that the undead enemy, the tumor, re-infects neighboring organs as well.

In the event of a relapse, oncologists try to do everything so that the woman can manage normal life. Preserving the ovaries, preserving hormonal levels if possible - this is the main task, but, alas, for the second time the object of attack insidious disease often it is the ovaries.

Of course, doctors try to immediately warn patients about the danger. but the fact of the matter is that cancer is an extremely unpredictable disease, and this is precisely the danger.

Measured lifestyle balanced diet, and caution when walking are the basic safety requirements. In addition, there is no need to lift weights, and you should completely forget about smoking and alcoholic beverages forever. Nicotine and alcohol poison the body. And considering far from best condition ecology in modern cities, is it worth creating unnecessary problems for yourself?

Contacts

What should be the diet after hysterectomy surgery?

After surgery, it is important to restore the body and give it strength. Below is a suggested diet after hysterectomy surgery. While in the hospital (under the supervision of doctors), you don’t have to think about diet. The hospital canteen provides everything necessary. But after discharge, you will have to think about how to eat in order to quickly feel cheerful and full of energy.

What happens to the body, why is it worth sticking to a diet?

Proper nutrition in the postoperative period is necessary to strengthen the body, increase resistance to disease, and normalize intestinal function and metabolism. The entire diet and nutrition regimen after removal of the uterus is aimed at ensuring that the wounds heal faster and the stitches do not come apart. Therefore, intestinal well-being is especially important.

During the operation, the body lost a lot of blood, and with it vitamins and minerals. It is necessary to compensate for losses by adding vitamin and mineral complexes to the diet. When choosing products, it is important to focus on those that contain the least amount of chemical additives, dyes and various preservatives. Daily nutrition should be balanced, complete and contain required amount proteins, fats and carbohydrates. It is best to consult a doctor for nutritional recommendations.

For the first time after removal of the pelvic organs, it is better to eat liquid or semi-liquid food to reduce the load on the intestines. It is advisable to limit salt intake. It leads to stagnation of fluid in the body and, as a result, edema.

After any operation, a person feels exhausted. But it is during this period that it is necessary to maintain a positive attitude. Including sea fish in your diet helps improve your mood and speeds up the healing process of wounds after a hysterectomy. Fish contains fatty acid omega-3. Scientists have proven that they promote rapid tissue restoration and calm the nervous system, which has a positive effect on mood. You can eat fish every day, canned or boiled.

For supporting high level hemoglobin in blood can be purchased walnuts or cook buckwheat porridge. This dish of Russian cuisine helps improve the condition of the large intestine, which is important when removing the uterus and ovaries, increases vitality. In addition, buckwheat helps preserve vision. Use pomegranate juice improves blood composition and quickly raises hemoglobin levels.

Often after surgery the body suffers from dehydration. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the amount of water you drink. During the recovery period, you need to drink at least 2 liters of water daily. The body, skin, intestines, and joints need restoration. Therefore, the benefits of water for our body are enormous.

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The main task facing a woman after removal of the uterus is to monitor the condition of the intestines, avoiding constipation and flatulence. After abdominal surgery, you should not push, as the stitches may come apart. Therefore, you should include laxative foods in your diet. These are meat broths, fermented milk products, crumbly porridges, vegetable salads are good for consumption, fresh herbs and dried fruits. Should be avoided when removed ovaries and the uterus of smoked and spicy dishes, white bread and pastries, confectionery, sweet carbonated drinks, fatty foods and mushrooms in any form. You should also limit your consumption of cabbage, potatoes, corn, legumes, onions and fruits. They can cause flatulence. In order not to overload the intestines, you can switch to 5-7 meals a day. Eat in small portions, but more often.

Return to substitutionPeculiarities of nutrition after hysterectomy

When the uterus is removed, you need to follow recommendations that are aimed at improving intestinal function:

consult a doctor about nutritional rules and adding vitamin and mineral complexes to the diet;
split meals into 7 meals;
drink at least 2 liters of water daily;
eat more liquid and semi-liquid foods.

crumbly porridge;
boiled and canned sea fish;
meat broths;
fermented milk products (kefir is best, but you shouldn’t eat fatty cheese);
vegetables (use cabbage, potatoes, legumes with caution);
vegetable salads seasoned with vegetable oil;
mashed boiled vegetables;
dried fruits;
Walnut;
fresh herbs;
boiled meat;
green tea;
Pomegranate juice;
complex of vitamins and minerals (as prescribed by a doctor).

Prohibited foods after removal of the uterus and ovaries:

smoked products;
semi-finished products;
spicy dishes;
fatty foods;
fried food;
white bread and pastry;
confectionery;
carbonated drinks;
mushrooms;
strong tea, coffee;
liquid porridge;
reduce consumption of cabbage, potatoes, legumes;
limit salt intake.

If you follow a diet and diet, the body recovers in 2-3 months, after which you can gradually switch to your usual diet.

Hysterectomy of the uterus is a complex operation. It is often prescribed when healing an organ without surgery is impossible. By following simple recommendations, you can quickly recover after surgery and again feel feminine energy in yourself, which will help you enjoy life, love and be loved.

Cancer after hysterectomy: features of the problem

Female oncology is no exception to the issue of recurrent lesions. Often the tumor affects what is left of the reproductive apparatus and neighboring organs - most often the excretory system. Many people believe that cancer is impossible after removal of the uterus. However, doctors return almost everyone to earth. There are more pathogenic factors after removal of the uterus. The fact is that the operation causes enormous damage to the woman’s body from an anatomical point of view, plus it is a large-scale abdominal operation when it is not so easy for the body. But the facts say that oncology extremely does not like interference in its structure, and if a significant number of cancer cells remain in the body, they can cause a relapse at the sutures that have not yet healed.

Cancer after hysterectomy: what to fear?

What are the risks of cancer after removal of the uterus and what should you be most afraid of?

The most unpleasant thing about cancer recurrence after removal of the uterus is damage to the excretory system. Since there is essentially no reproductive system at the time of relapse, cancer cells begin to infect neighboring organs. The development of this oncology is fraught with the most terrible and unpleasant consequences.

In addition, there is a possibility that the cancer will “rise” upward and touch the body tissues, internal organs of the diaphragm towers, and bones. The development of oncology in this vein is rare, but it does occur. It is better to know about the danger immediately.

To treat uterine cancer, oncology clinics use various methods: surgery, chemotherapy, radiation and hormone therapy. Each type of treatment can be used independently, but more often it happens that a set of measures is needed to combat the disease.

Treatment of oncopathology

Before you appoint surgical treatment it is necessary to establish at what stage the oncological process is, whether the tumor is low- or highly differentiated, the size and histology of the tumor.

Most often, surgical intervention is used to treat cancer of the female reproductive system, which is almost always accompanied by chemotherapy. After dissection abdominal cavity a final diagnosis of the pathological process is carried out, tumor parameters are clarified, and treatment is adjusted.

During the surgical examination, the internal organs are examined, the lymph nodes and omentum are biopsied, and body fluids are sent for urgent cytological analysis. Subsequent actions of surgeons depend on the results of the studies. The operation can result in complete excision of the uterus and its appendages, extirpation of the uterine body, appendages, complicated lymphadenectomy of the lumbar and pelvic lymph nodes. If there is damage to the omentum, then it is also removed.

In patients with the first two stages of cancer development who have increased risk to the formation and spread of metastases and postoperative relapses, a course of gamma irradiation is carried out.

How self-treatment The method of surgical operation is possible only in patients at stage I of the disease and with a slight predisposition to relapses.

In case of contraindication to surgical intervention, patients are prescribed complex radiation (radioactive elements) therapy, with the possible addition of treatment hormonal drugs and chemotherapy. The pelvic organs and lymph nodes can be irradiated.

In the last stages of the disease, it is more advisable to use non-surgical methods of treatment, although many specialists use surgery even at such severe stages to reduce the proportion of tumor growths in the body.

IN modern medicine Laparoscopic operations have been developed and are successfully used, which make it possible not to open the peritoneum, but to remove the tumor through several holes using special instruments. This method is less traumatic and reduces rehabilitation period after operation.

The most advanced treatment method oncological diseases is laser therapy. The laser fights cancer very well, especially at shallow depths, which makes it indispensable for the treatment of such a common disease as squamous cell carcinoma of the uterus.

Postoperative consequences

The heaviest postoperative consequences Oncopathology of the uterus is the complete removal of a woman’s reproductive organs. The fourth stage of uterine cancer is characterized by damage not only to the internal genital organs, but also to the surrounding vital organs. important organs urinary system and intestines. In such a situation, we are no longer talking about saving the woman’s reproductive function, there is a fight for the patient’s life, so they are trying to save vital organs.

A little better situation when doctors manage to save the vagina and ovaries. In this case, the hormonal background of the body does not change significantly, the woman, of course, cannot have children, but the positive thing is that hormone replacement therapy is not required and after recovery, you can continue normal image life.

The situation is worse when you have to undergo an oophorectomy (removal of the ovaries), because the woman not only loses her reproductive function, but is also forced to regularly take hormonal medications to maintain normal hormonal balance in the body.

If uterine cancer is detected at an early stage and timely adequate treatment, are almost always saved reproductive organs fully. However, even here it is possible various complications and side effects. A surgical operation, especially of the abdominal type, causes injury to the tissues of the body, therefore the main complications after such operations are adhesions and various compactions of the uterus. Another disadvantage is the long rehabilitation period.

Among other things, one should take into account such factors as chemotherapy and radiation therapy, which, in the vast majority of cases, accompany operations to remove tumors, both before and after them. And in order to recover from such therapy, the body requires at least three years.

Postoperative rehabilitation

It is impossible to predict how uterine cancer will behave in the postoperative period. Therefore, the main task of doctors and patients is to prevent the disease from “taking revenge” and destroy the cancer, preventing it from returning. A number of measures have been developed for this:

In order to completely destroy the cancer, we can say that all patients undergo a course of chemotherapy after surgery. Depending on the severity of the disease, the types of drugs are prescribed accordingly.
If, during the postoperative period, cancer cells begin to appear again in the tissues of the organ, the most effective method in such a situation there will be radiation therapy. It, unlike chemotherapy, allows you to influence not the entire body, but only certain parts of the body affected by the disease.
After surgery to remove a tumor, it is mandatory to take tests monthly for markers of naive cancer cells. If any are detected, a repeat operation should be performed and the course of radiation and chemotherapy should be intensified.
If the cancer does not manifest itself in any way after surgery, then oncologists prescribe a course of recovery therapy. It includes taking vitamins and various microelements to replenish those lost as a result of chemotherapy. It is also aimed at restoring the normal functioning of the heart and other organs.
If necessary, after restorative procedures, the problem of intimate plastic surgery can be solved.

If after the operation the organs of the reproductive system were completely preserved, the woman can plan to have a child, but not earlier than 2-3 years after the last chemotherapy or radiation therapy necessary to restore the body and establish the normal functioning of all organs and systems of the body.

Sincerely,