Glutamic amino acid. How glutamic acid is produced in industry. Glutamic acid in gynecology

Glutamic acid very important for the body. A person can obtain it from food or consume it in synthesized form. You can buy it in pharmacies and stores sports nutrition. People who are actively involved in sports regularly take acid to maintain normal operation body and improve results.

What are the benefits of glutamic acid in sports?

Glutamine takes part in the synthesis of many important amino acids. By increasing its amount in the muscles, the athlete increases their endurance and performance. This allows you to train with heavier weights and higher intensity. In addition, consuming additional glutamic acid reduces the time required for muscles to recover. Glutamine increases the amount of nitrogen in the body, and this, in turn, helps slow down the aging process.

Let's figure out what foods contain glutamic acid, because by including them in your diet, you can feel great benefit. First on the list is Parmesan cheese, which contains 1200 mg of free glutamate per 100 g. The following products are also useful: green pea, duck and chicken meat, beef, pork, trout, tomatoes, carrots and other vegetables. The glutamate obtained from food is not enough for people who exercise, so they need to consume it additionally.

How to take glutamic acid in sports?

This substance can be taken either pure form, and as part of other drugs. Athletes prefer glutamate in powder form because it is cheaper than capsules, but the effect is the same.

When deciding for yourself how to take glutamic acid in bodybuilding, an athlete must take into account individual indicators, as well as the recommendations of a trainer and doctor. In most cases, the dosage regimen looks like this: 2 times a day, 5-10 g. It is best to take acid in the morning and immediately after or after lunch. The acid can be consumed by diluting it in water or adding it to protein or gainer.

Glutamic acid belongs to the group of non-essential amino acids and plays an important role in the body. Its content in the body is up to 25% of all amino acids.

On an industrial scale, glutamic acid is obtained by microbiological synthesis. In its chemically pure form, it has the appearance of white or colorless, odorless crystals with a sour taste; crystals do not dissolve well in water. For better solubility, glutamic acid is converted into a sodium salt - glutamate.

Uses of glutamic acid

IN Food Industry Glutamic acid is known as a food additive called E620. It is used as a flavor enhancer in a number of products along with salts of glutamic acid - glutamates.

Glutamic acid is added to semi-finished products, various products instant cooking, culinary products, broth concentrates. It gives food a pleasant meaty taste.

In medicine, the use of glutamic acid has a slight psychostimulating, stimulating and nootropic effect, which is used in the treatment of a number of diseases of the nervous system.

The importance of glutamic acid for the body

The role of glutamic acid is difficult to overestimate; it:

• Participates in the synthesis of histamine, serotonin and a number of other biologically active substances;
• Neutralizes harmful product decomposition - ammonia;
• Is a mediator;
• Included in the cycle of transformations of carbohydrates and nucleic acids;
• Folic acid is synthesized from it;
• Participates in energy exchange with the formation of AFT in the brain.

In the body, glutamic acid is part of proteins; it is present in the blood plasma in free form, and also as component a number of low molecular weight substances. The human body contains a reserve of glutamic acid; in case of its deficiency, it first goes to where it is needed most.

Glutamic acid plays an important role in transmission nerve impulses. Binding it to certain receptors nerve cells leads to excitation of neurons and acceleration of impulse transmission. Thus, glutamic acid performs neurotransmitter functions.

With an excess of this amino acid in the synapse, overexcitation of nerve cells and even their damage can occur, which leads to diseases of the nervous system. In this case protective function take over glial cells that surround and protect neurons. Neuroglial cells absorb and detoxify excess glutamic acid in the brain and peripheral nerves.

Glutamine amino acid increases sensitivity muscle fibers to potassium by increasing the permeability of cell membranes to it. This trace element plays an important role in muscle contraction, increasing the force of muscle contraction.

Glutamic acid in sports

Glutamic acid is a fairly common component of sports nutrition. This nonessential amino acid for the human body, and the transformation of other amino acids occurs precisely through the glutamine amino acid, which plays an integrating role in the metabolism of nitrogenous substances. If the body lacks an amino acid, it is possible to compensate for its content by converting from those amino acids that are found in excess.

If the physical load on the body is very high, and the intake of protein from food is limited or does not meet the body’s needs, the phenomenon of nitrogen redistribution occurs. In this case, the proteins included in the structure internal organs, are used to build fibers of skeletal and cardiac muscles. Therefore, glutamic acid plays an irreplaceable role in sports, because it is an intermediate step in the transformation of those amino acids that the body lacks.

The conversion of glutamic acid into glutamine to neutralize ammonia is one of its main functions. Ammonia is very toxic, but it is an unchanged product of metabolism - it accounts for up to 80% of all nitrogenous compounds. The greater the load on the body, the more toxic nitrogen decomposition products are formed. In sports, glutamic acid takes on the role of reducing ammonia levels by binding it into non-toxic glutamine. In addition, according to reviews, glutamic acid quickly restores the condition of athletes after competitions, as it binds excess lactate, which is responsible for the feeling of muscle pain.

In athletes, when there is a lack of glucose levels during intense physical activity, glutamic acid is converted into an energy source - glucose.

According to reviews, glutamic acid is well tolerated, has no side effects and is completely harmless to the body. Studies have shown that 100 g of protein food contains 25 g of glutamic acid. This amino acid is a natural component of animal foods, and negative reviews about glutamic acid are somewhat exaggerated.

Glutamic acid is a nootropic drug prescribed for depression and psychotic disorders inorganic nature. The nootropic is available from pharmacies without a prescription, but taking it without the recommendation of your doctor can be dangerous. The drug has contraindications that may occur side effects. The instructions for using glutamic acid will help you learn more about this.

A nootropic drug allows you to regulate metabolic processes occurring in nervous system. Works as a neurotransmitter for the brain, stimulating the restoration of protein metabolism, being a link in carbohydrate-acid metabolism. In addition, it protects the liver and increases resistance to hypoxia, but can negatively affect gastrointestinal system. It tends to accumulate in tissues, liver, and kidneys. Only 4-7% is excreted in urine, mostly chemical components substances are absorbed by the body and take an active part in metabolic processes.

The medication is prescribed in the following cases:

• Epilepsy.
• Mental disorders caused by brain damage.
• Non-organic psychotic disorders.
• Depressive episodes, including unspecified episodes.
• Reactive states with depressive episodes.
• Recurrent depression.
• Mental retardation.
• Down syndrome.
• Cerebral palsy.
• Poliomyelitis (both acute and recovery periods course of the disease).
• Elimination of neurotoxic effects.
• Intoxication psychoses.

Glutamic acid is not usually prescribed as independent drug. It is necessary for complex therapy.

It can be prescribed to both adult patients and children with disabilities mental development(retardation, Down syndrome, cerebral palsy and other diseases).

Release forms

Glutamic acid is available in tablets. They are biconvex, covered with a membrane that dissolves after ingestion. Tablet color: white or yellowish tint. The composition of the drug includes:

• Glutamic acid (in one tablet 250 mg).
• Starch.
• Talc.
• Gelatin.
• Cellulose.

The tablets are packaged in plastic blisters, 10 pieces each. One cardboard package contains 4 blisters and detailed instructions. It is possible to dispense in separate blisters with paper instructions attached to each.

A suspension can be used to treat children with developmental problems. Glutamic acid is available on sale in the form of capsules with a suspension for oral administration.

The drug is a nootropic drug and should be stored at a temperature no higher than 25 degrees in places where children do not have access. The shelf life is three years; you cannot take the nootropic after that. Available from pharmacies without a prescription.

Instructions for use

Glutamic acid is used in complex therapy mental illness and developmental delays. The tablets are taken 15-20 minutes before meals. Average rate Treatment lasts from 1 to 12 months, depending on the reason for prescribing the drug. If no changes are noted during the prescribed course (or even deterioration is noted), the doctor should reconsider the therapeutic regimen. Throughout therapy, patients periodically undergo general tests blood and urine.

In different therapeutic regimens acid combines with:

• thiamine;
• pyridoxine;
• pachycarpine hydroiodide;
• glycine.

Self-appointment is prohibited. A specialist approves the regimen and dosage. The instructions for use indicate approximate doses and recommendations.

You will receive exact treatment instructions from your doctor. They may differ significantly from the instructions depending on concomitant medications, the use of other medications, fever and diseases of the internal systems.

Contraindications

The leaflet for the drug indicates a number of contraindications, in the presence of which use is prohibited. These contraindications include:

• Liver failure.
• Kidney failure.
• Stomach ulcer.
• Duodenal ulcer.
• Feverish conditions.
• Anemia.
• Obesity.
• Depressed bone marrow hematopoiesis.
• Age up to 3 years.

In the presence of these contraindications, the use of the drug is absolutely prohibited. Use with caution during pregnancy and lactation in women (during treatment breast-feeding will need to stop completely).

Can only be used in cases where potential positive effects outweigh from therapy possible harm, applied to the organisms of mother and child.

Dosage

The exact dosage will depend on the condition for which glutamic acid tablets were prescribed. Approximate single doses:

• 3-4 years: 250 mg.
• 5-6 years: 400 mg.
• from 7 years and older: 1 year.

The drug is taken before meals (15-20 minutes) 2-3 times a day. IN in some cases used during meals, but since it refers to special instructions, the attending physician will definitely inform you.

Side effects

The following side effects may occur when consuming glutamic acid:

• Nausea.
• Vomit.
• Diarrhea.
• Painful sensations in the abdominal area.
• Increased nervous excitability.
• Decreased hemoglobin levels in the blood.
• Leukopenia.
• Irritation of the oral mucosa.
• Dry lips, cracks.
• Allergy to components of the drug.

"Mild" side effects are noted in short time from the start of treatment. Leukopenia, decreased hemoglobin and irritation of the mucous membrane occur during a long therapeutic course.

Appearance side effects from the drug does not always become a significant reason for discontinuation and revision of the therapeutic regimen.

You cannot refuse to take medications on your own; this decision should be made exclusively by the attending physician.

Price

Glutamic acid is cheap. A blister of ten tablets can be purchased for 25-30 rubles. But there are also much more expensive options: in different pharmacies the cost per package can reach up to 200 rubles. It is easy to find the product in online and offline pharmacies; it is almost always on sale.

Analogs

Glutamic acid has drugs with similar effects, which in some cases can be used to replace it (as prescribed). Among them:

• Glycine. Improves brain activity, is prescribed when depressive episodes And nervous disorders. The active ingredient in the composition is glycine. One package costs around 30 rubles and is available without a prescription.
• Cortexin. Normalizes blood circulation in the brain, has nootropic and neuroprotective effects. Cortexin is the active ingredient of the composition. But the drug costs a lot more expensive than analogues, one package will cost 650-700 rubles.
• Cytoflavin. A nootropic that improves metabolism in the brain. Complex drug With succinic acid, riboxin, nicotinamide and riboflavin in the composition. Prices vary across different pharmacies, the cost of a package ranges from 400-100 rubles.

Cheap analogues of glutamic acid are rare; only drugs with the same active substance in the composition (but different trade name) and Glycine. Other analogs are much more expensive. But it is worth remembering that any nootropic drugs must be prescribed by a specialist, despite the fact that they are dispensed from a pharmacy without a prescription.

Overdose

An overdose may occur during treatment with glutamic acid. It manifests itself with the following symptoms:

• Stomach ache.
• Nausea.
• Vomit.

In case of overdose, severe poisoning of the body occurs. Therefore, the patient’s first aid should be gastric lavage. To do this you will need to drink a lot of water or do enemas. After gastric lavage, the patient takes Activated carbon or other enterosorbents that do not allow hazardous substances absorbed into the intestinal walls. At severe poisoning You must definitely call a doctor. And stop treatment (until appropriate instructions).

Glutamic acid(also known as 2-aminopentanedioic acid or glutamic acid) is a nonessential amino acid necessary for nitrogen metabolism. In its pure form, it is described by scientists as white crystals with a sour taste that are odorless. Since they are sparingly soluble, for convenience they can be turned into powder - sodium salt.

It was discovered by Tokyo University professor Kikunae Ikeda in the 20th century. The scientist isolated a new substance from algae, which became fifth in the list of standard tastes. Initially, glutamic acid was called “umami” (translated as “palatable”). It is able to make the taste of protein foods brighter and richer, which played into its hands during the Second World War. All US troops were provided with tasty and nutritious meals that contained glutamic acid.

The body's daily requirement for glutamic acid

One of the main factors determining daily norm consumption of this amino acid is the place where the person lives. There are certain figures for Asian countries. The recommended amount of consumption of this substance for a person living in the European part is quoted in some sources as no more than 100-150 milligrams per day. World Organization Health care does not establish daily dose glutamic acid. This is why it is important to listen to your own body and know the signs of an excess or deficiency of this amino acid in order to make timely adjustments to your diet.

Consequences of glutamic acid deficiency

A lack of glutamic acid in the body causes a weakened immune system (and, as a result, an increase in seasonal diseases), deterioration of mood, and apathy. A small amount of this amino acid also leads to diseases of the central and autonomic nervous system (apoplexy, dystonia, sclerosis), early gray hair and dysfunction gastrointestinal tract.

Consequences of excess glutamic acid

An increased content of glutamic acid in the human body is expressed in symptoms such as spasmodic pain in the head, nausea and vomiting. It also causes blood thickening, disruption of the liver and biliary tract, and can lead to Alzheimer’s disease and increased intraocular pressure(glaucoma).

Beneficial properties of glutamic acid

This amino acid has positive influence on higher brain functions, helping to improve memory and cognitive abilities. It also regulates redox reactions occurring in the human body. Being excellent food additive, it normalizes and stimulates the activity of the gastrointestinal tract and liver, and also protects muscle cells, i.e. helps build muscle mass.

Contraindications and harm of glutamic acid

Preparations containing glutamic acid are contraindicated for use in people with liver and kidney failure, ulcers, and anemia. People suffering from hypersensitivity or increased excitability They must also strictly monitor the balance of glutamic acid in the body.

Side effects of taking glutamine may include insomnia, stomach cramps, allergies and diarrhea. That is why it is very important to control the intake of glutamic acid, because everything in our body should be in moderation.

Sources of glutamic acid

You can get glutamic acid by eating mushrooms, walnuts, fish and sauces made from it, dairy products, soy and dried fruits, seafood and juices. Another way to provide the body with glutamic acid can be by taking special medications.

If you liked the information, please click the button

Glutamine is one of the amino acids that make up the proteins in our body. Our bodies synthesize it on their own, and it is also found in many foods in sufficient quantities. Its effect on the body is very diverse. It helps transmit signals to the brain through the nerves, and gamma-aminobutyric acid is formed from it, which improves blood supply to the brain. A derivative of glutamic acid (monosodium glutamate) is used as a flavoring additive - it gives food pleasant taste. The amino acid also neutralizes ammonia, a toxic substance formed during the breakdown of proteins. It turns into urea and is excreted from the body in urine. Glutamine also helps the body more easily tolerate psychological and physical exercise, eliminates allergies and inflammation. This substance is very important for the functioning of the immune system.

Applications of Glutamic Acid

Glutamic acid found wide application in medicine. It is produced in the form of tablets, powder and granules for the preparation of a suspension and is used as a detoxification and nootropic agent that stimulates metabolism in the central nervous system. The amino acid is also involved in protein and nitrogen metabolism and redox processes in the brain. It is prescribed in combination with other drugs for epilepsy, psychosis, schizophrenia, insomnia, depression, myopathy, consequences after meningitis, encephalitis, childbirth intracranial injury, with Down's disease, childhood cerebral palsy. The tablets should be taken 15-30 minutes before meals, twice or thrice a day, 1 gram for adults, 0.5 g for children 7-9 years old, 0.4 g for children 5-6 years old, 0.15- 0.25 g – children 1-4 years old. The course of treatment should last at least 1-2 months.

Glutamic acid in bodybuilding

Glutamic acid is necessary for every person and will be useful for representatives of any sport. At high level glutamine in muscles increases their performance and endurance and reduces the time required for muscles to recover after sports. When using glutamic acid, the body needs to spend less energy on the synthesis of amino acids. The nitrogen content in the body and the production of growth hormones also increase. With sufficient nitrogen levels, the aging process slows down. At normal level glutamine in the body, potassium ions more easily penetrate into muscle cells, which contributes to their better reduction and increased functionality. Often, the amino acid is combined with cystine and glycine to improve heart function, increase muscle endurance and normalize redox processes in the body.