Albumin - use, composition, indications, analogues, dosage, contraindications. Human albumin. Conditions for dispensing from pharmacies. Signs of pseudoallergic reactions

KNF (medicine included in the Kazakhstan National Formulary of Medicines)

Manufacturer: RGP on PVC " Republican Center blood" of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Anatomical-therapeutic-chemical classification: Albumin

Registration number: No. RK-LS-5 No. 000197

Registration date: 08.04.2016 - 08.04.2021

Limit price: 5 089.9 KZT

Instructions

• Russian

Tradename

Human albumin

International nonproprietary name

Albumen

Dosage form

Solution for infusion 5%, 10%, 20% 20 ml, 50 ml, 100 ml, 200 ml

Compound

1 liter of solution contains, in grams

active substance:

human albumin 50.0 100.0 or 200.0

Excipients:

caprylate 1.5 3.0 6.0

sodium chloride 9.0 - - water for injection up to 1.0 l 1.0 l 1.0 l

Description

Transparent liquid of yellow, amber or greenish tint, odorless.

Pharmacotherapeutic group

Plasma replacement and perfusion solutions. Blood plasma preparations plasma replacement drugs Albumin

ATX code B05AA01

Pharmacological properties

Pharmacokinetics

Albumin is a natural protein that is integral part protein fraction of human blood. Molecular mass albumin - 69,000 daltons. The protein fraction of albumin contains all 20 amino acids. Normally, blood plasma contains 40-50 g/l albumin, which is 55-60% of the total protein content. The total amount of albumin in the vascular bed is about 120 g, and in the extravascular space - 180 g. Albumin is synthesized mainly by the liver, where other important blood proteins are produced - globulins, fibrinogen, prothrombin and others. The liver synthesizes 10-16 g of albumin daily, and in newborns 180-300 mg/l of body weight with a gradual decrease to normal levels. It is believed that from 10 to 16 g of albumin are consumed in the body every day, that is, an amount equal to its synthesis. The breakdown of the albumin molecule into amino acids with their subsequent use by the body for the synthesis of its own proteins takes 50 - 60 days, so it is not advisable to use it for parenteral nutrition.

Under normal conditions, the average half-life of albumin is 19 days. Elimination occurs predominantly intracellularly due to the activity of lysosomal proteases. Complete distribution of albumin after intravenous administration occurs after 10-15 minutes, 50% of it is excreted from the body after 24 hours, for 2-4 days the albumin content remains at the same level, rapidly decreasing by the end of the fifth day.

Pharmacodynamics

Albumin is a plasma substitute, a blood product that performs a number of functions in the body. Its main function is to maintain colloid-osmotic (oncotic) blood pressure. Albumin solution is effective means correction of hypoalbuminemia of various origins (replenishes plasma albumin deficiency), restoration of colloid-oncotic pressure, impaired central and peripheral hemodynamics (rapidly increases blood pressure (BP) and circulating plasma volume (CBV) due to increased transfer of tissue fluid in the bloodstream), water- electrolyte balance, promotes better absorption of medications, and has detoxification properties. Albumin binds and transports pigments (bilirubin) within the body. fatty acid, ions of some metals, medicinal substances. In addition, albumin binds and inactivates toxins such as bacterial origin, and those formed in the process of metabolism. Binds and removes magnesium, zinc, nickel, lead, mercury, acetates, bicarbonates, nitrates, citrates from the body.

Albumin solution 5% is isoncotic to normal plasma. Administration of this drug when normal level Albumin in plasma reduces the viscosity of circulating blood and improves microcirculation. With hypoalbuminemia, it increases its level in plasma.

Albumin solution 10% has a hyperoncotic effect, increasing the oncotic pressure of circulating blood and increasing the reabsorption of interstitial water in vascular bed. Increases and stabilizes blood pressure by increasing the volume of fluid reabsorbed from the interstitium, it reduces swelling.

Albumin solution 20% is a hyperoncotic solution that actively attracts fluid from the interstitial space by enhancing reabsorption. Increases and stabilizes blood pressure by increasing circulating blood volume (CBV), reduces swelling.

Indications for use

Laboratory confirmed hypoproteinemia or hypoalbuminemia of any origin (decrease in plasma albumin content below 30 g/l, or colloid-oncotic pressure level below 15 mm Hg, or decrease in plasma total protein below 50 g/l)

Shock (hypovolemic, hemorrhagic, traumatic, surgical, toxic, purulent-septic) to increase the volume of blood volume during dehydration and “thickening” of the blood

At pronounced edema brain of traumatic and non-traumatic origin (even with normal laboratory parameters)

Long-term purulent-septic conditions with the development of protein deficiency

Nephrotic syndrome with nephritis

Severe burns

Hemolytic disease of newborns; hyperbilirubinemia in newborns - during exchange transfusion (in order to reduce the level of free bilirubin in the blood)

Acute liver failure; acute liver necrosis (both to maintain plasma oncotic pressure and to bind excess free bilirubin in the blood plasma)

Ascites (to maintain circulating blood volume)

Operations using artificial circulation

Therapeutic plasmapheresis when replacing large volumes of removed plasma (more than 50%), hemodialysis

Acute respiratory distress syndrome in adults (with volume overload in combination with diuretics)

Carrying out preoperative hemodilution and procurement of autologous blood components

Directions for use and doses

The concentration of the drug, dosage and infusion rate are selected in accordance with individual characteristics patient.

Albumin solution is administered intravenously by drip or stream to adults and children. It is recommended to monitor the concentration of albumin in the blood plasma and monitor hemodynamic parameters. The rate of infusion should be adjusted to the patient's condition and indication. During plasma exchange transfusion, the rate of infusion may be higher and must match the rate of removal.

Albumin is administered intravenously at a rate of 5 ml/minute or not higher than 50-60 drops per minute for a 5% solution and up to 1-2 ml/minute or not higher than 40 drops per minute for a 20% solution. Maximum time administration - 3 hours.

The maximum single dose of the drug depends on the concentration of the albumin solution, the initial condition and age of the patient. Albumin solutions of 5% are administered in a dose of 200-300 ml; if necessary, the dose of a 5% solution can be increased to 500-800 ml. The maximum single dose of a 20% albumin solution can be limited to 100 ml. Injection of albumin solutions is acceptable for shocks of various origins to quickly increase blood pressure. In old age, the use of concentrated (20%) solutions and rapid administration of 5% albumin solutions should be avoided, as this may lead to overload of cardio-vascular system.

Hypovolemia

For the treatment of hypovolemic shock, the volume and rate of infusion used should be tailored to the response of the individual patient. It is necessary to monitor the patient's hemodynamic parameters and observe the usual precautions to prevent volume overload of the circulatory system.

Adults: average initial dose of 25 g, no more than 250 g administered over 48 hours. The total dose should not exceed the level of albumin observed normally (about 2 g/kg body weight) in the absence of active bleeding. Children: in in case of emergency the initial dose is 25 g, in other cases the dose is 2-4 times less than the dose for adults and, taking into account the concentration of albumin solutions, dosages should be calculated in milliliters per kilogram of body weight (no more than 3 ml/kg of body weight of the child). If extracellular dehydration occurs, it is necessary to transfuse the albumin after saline solution. If a 5% albumin solution is preferable for a slight deficiency of circulating blood volume (10 - 15%), then a 20% albumin solution, transfused with subsequent administration of a saline solution, has significant therapeutic advantages with a pronounced decrease in blood volume (more than 20%), a deficiency of circulating protein, torpid shock and in situations where transfusion therapy is forced to start late. Removal of ascitic fluid in a patient with liver cirrhosis may be accompanied by changes in the activity of the cardiovascular system and even the development of hypovolemic shock. In these circumstances, albumin transfusion is necessary to maintain circulating blood volume.

Therapy for burns

Following a burn injury (usually more than 24 hours later), there is a close correspondence between the amount of albumin infused and the resulting increase in plasma colloidal osmotic pressure. The goal should be the ability to maintain a plasma albumin concentration of 2.5 ± 0.5 g/L with a plasma oncotic pressure of 20 mmHg (equivalent to a total protein concentration of 5.2 g/L). The duration of therapy is determined by the loss of protein from the burned areas and in the urine. In addition, tube or parenteral amino acid nutrition should be initiated, since long-term use of albumin should not be considered a source of nutrition. Optimal mode Transfusion therapy for extensive burns (prescription of colloids and saline solutions) has not been established. Typically, in the first 24 hours after thermal injury, large volumes of saline solutions are infused to restore the reduced volume of interstitial (extracellular) fluid. After 24 hours, albumin solutions can be used to maintain plasma colloid oncotic pressure.

Hypoproteinemia with or without tissue edema

If the underlying pathology leading to hypoproteinemia can be corrected, the use of albumin should be considered purely symptomatic or supportive. The usual daily dose of albumin for adults is 50 to 75 g (0.5-1 g/kg) and for children 25 g. Patients with severe hypoproteinemia who continue to lose albumin may require larger amounts. Because patients with hypoproteinemia usually have approximately normal blood volume, the albumin infusion rate should not exceed 2 ml/min as faster infusion may cause circulatory compromise and pulmonary edema.

During an extensive surgery patients may lose more than half of the albumin circulating in the bloodstream, which is accompanied by a decrease in oncotic pressure with or without the development of edema syndrome. Similar situation may also be observed in sepsis in sick departments intensive care. In such cases, the use of albumin is directly indicated.

Adult acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) ARDS is characterized by insufficient oxygen delivery caused by interstitial pulmonary edema and is a complication of shock and acute massive blood loss, as well as traumatic brain injury. If there are clinical signs indicating both hypoproteinemia and volume overload, then the administration of albumin together with a diuretic is the most important part of intensive infusion therapy.

Coronary artery bypass grafting

Modern artificial blood circulation devices (ACB) require relatively small volumes to fill. Preoperative hemodilution in patients achieved with albumin and crystalloids has been shown to be safe and well tolerated. The limit to which plasma hematocrit and albumin levels can be safely reduced has not been established, but it is common practice to use albumin and crystalloids to fill the IPC until a hematocrit level of 20% and a plasma albumin concentration of 2.5 g/L are achieved.

Hemolytic disease of the newborn

Albumin can be prescribed when using plasma exchange in the treatment of hemolytic disease of the newborn to bind free bilirubin to reduce the risk of complications caused by jaundice and hemolysis. A dose of 1 g/kg body weight is prescribed approximately one hour before the start of the exchange transfusion procedure. Caution must be exercised in the presence of initial hypervolemia in children.

Acute nephrosis

If there is no response to therapy with cyclophosphamide or steroids or if the edematous syndrome worsens during steroid therapy, it is possible to use a combination of daily 100 ml of albumin 20% and diuretics for 7-10 days under the control of diuresis and potassium concentration in the blood plasma. Repeated administration of steroids after this may be effective.

Hemodialysis

Albumin is not a mandatory part of the standard hemodialysis protocol for chronic renal failure but may be indicated if shock or hypotension develops in these patients. Usually in such situations, 100 ml of albumin 20% is transfused. It is necessary to avoid volume overload, which is often observed in such patients (which is why they cannot tolerate the infusion of large volumes of saline solutions).

Brain swelling

To treat cerebral edema, a hyperoncotic 20% albumin solution is used.

Side effects

Rarely

Facial redness

Hives

Fever

Nausea

They usually go away on their own when the rate of administration of the drug is reduced or stopped.

Very rarely

Anaphylactic reaction, hypersensitivity reactions: urticaria, angioedema, erythematous rash

State of confusion, headache

Tachycardia, bradycardia

Hypotension, hypertension

Nausea

Excessive sweating

Lower back pain

Contraindications

Individual intolerance (including a history of hypersensitivity) to albumin

Severe anemia

Hypervolemia

Chronic heart failure II-III degree

Pulmonary edema

Thrombosis

Arterial hypertension

Ongoing internal bleeding

Hemorrhagic diathesis

Renal and postrenal anuria

Varicose veins of the esophagus

Drug interactions

The binding of albumin with salicylates, barbiturates, phenylbutazone leads to the fact that only part of the administered dose of these drugs gives an immediate effect, sulfonamides, penicillins largely lose their antibacterial effect. It is not recommended to mix the drug with amino acid solutions, hydrolysates, alcohol-containing mixtures, whole blood, red blood cells and water for injection. It is not recommended to dilute the albumin solution with water for injection, because The patient may experience hemolysis.

Albumin solution 20% can be diluted if necessary saline solution or 5% dextrose solution.

special instructions

If allergic or anaphylactic reactions are suspected, the drug should be stopped immediately and appropriate treatment should be initiated. In case of shock, you should start antishock treatment in accordance with current treatment standards.

When carrying out infusion of the drug, it is necessary to ensure careful and regular monitoring of circulatory parameters, incl. Blood pressure, heart rate, central venous pressure, diuresis, plasma electrolyte concentrations, hematocrit/hemoglobin.

When administering albumin solution, the concentration of sodium and potassium in the patient's blood plasma should be monitored and appropriate measures should be taken to restore or maintain the balance of these electrolytes.

If it is necessary to replace relatively large volumes, monitoring of blood coagulation parameters and hematocrit is required. Proper replacement of other blood components (clotting factors, electrolytes, platelets and red blood cells) should be ensured.

If the dosage and infusion rate do not correspond to the patient’s circulatory characteristics, then hypervolemia may occur. At the first clinical signs cardiovascular overload (headache, shortness of breath, blood stagnation in jugular vein) or increased blood pressure, increased venous pressure or pulmonary edema, the drug should be stopped immediately.

Albumin solutions are used after warming to room temperature (20-25ºС). When administered to patients with hypothermia or the threat of its development, albumin solutions can be warmed to a temperature of 30-35ºC immediately before administration using “in line” heaters.

Before use, the drug solution should be carefully examined. Only a completely transparent albumin solution that does not contain suspension and sediment is allowed for use, provided that the tightness and closure are maintained, there are no cracks on the bottles and ampoules, and the label is intact.

The infusion is carried out immediately after opening the bottle (ampoule), after which the “Protocol for transfusion of components and blood products” is filled out and placed in the medical card inpatient or outpatient.

The unused remainder of the drug must be destroyed.

Before transfusion of albumin solutions, a biological test is necessary: ​​60 drops (2-3 milliliters) of solution are transfused once for 1-2 minutes, then the transfusion is stopped and the patient is monitored for 3 minutes. The procedure is repeated twice under control general condition patient. If there are no adverse reactions, the required volume of albumin solution is transfused.

Pregnancy and lactation

No results clinical trials about the possible side effects of albumin during pregnancy and lactation. The existing experience of clinical use of albumin solution does not give reason to expect any harmful effects on the course of pregnancy, on the fetus or newborn, since human albumin is a normal component of human blood plasma.

Special warnings and precautions when using the drug

If the seal is broken, the solution must be destroyed due to the risk of bacterial contamination. If the solution becomes cloudy or contains flakes or suspension, the solution is not suitable for use!

Features of the effect of the drug on the ability to drive vehicle or potentially dangerous mechanisms.

Does not affect.

Overdose

Symptoms: if the dose and infusion rate are too high, signs of hypervolemia or overload of the cardiovascular system appear, such as headache, shortness of breath, jugular venous congestion, increased blood pressure, increased central venous pressure, and possible pulmonary edema.

Treatment: The infusion should be stopped immediately and the patient's hemodynamic characteristics should be carefully monitored. Symptomatic therapy is carried out.

Release form and packaging

100 ml for a 20% albumin solution, 50, 100 and 200 ml for a 10% solution, 100 and 200 ml for a 5% solution in glass bottles for blood and transfusion drugs with a capacity of 50, 100, 250 ml according to the State Fund of the Republic of Kazakhstan, volume 1 , 3.2.1 or GOST 10782-85. with change 1-6.

20 ml for a 10% solution in glass ampoules of grades NS-1, NS-2, NS-3 according to the State Fund of the Republic of Kazakhstan, volume 1.3.2. or GOST 10782-85. From changes 1-6.

Human albumin is a plasma-substituting agent used to stabilize the patient’s condition during various shock processes in the body, during burn disease, as well as in some other severe situations.

Characteristics of the substance

Human albumin is a plasma substitute and parenteral nutrition drug obtained by fractionation donor plasma, blood or serum. According to their own chemical properties is a transparent, slightly opalescent liquid, slightly yellowish color.

pharmachologic effect

Albumins are a group of proteins that quantitatively make up more than 50 percent of total number proteins in human blood plasma. By their nature, they are highly soluble in water, salt solutions, and some other organic solvents. The molecular weight of these substances is about 65,000. An important distinguishing feature of the compounds is the absence of carbohydrates in the molecule.

The importance of these substances is difficult to overestimate, since they play a primary role in the formation of oncotic pressure. This circumstance becomes possible thanks to the presence large quantity hydrophilic as well as lipophilic bonds with increased affinity for many low molecular weight compounds.

In addition, one should take into account the branched structure of albumins, which increases the surface area of ​​the molecule and creates the prerequisites for the formation of a large number of temporary bonds with other substances.

Due to the above structural features, human albumin acts as a carrier various substances, which can be hormones, various enzymes, metabolic end products, and even medications. For clarity, it can be noted that one molecule of this substance can hold from 20 to 50 molecules of a compound such as bilirubin.

Biological synthesis processes are mainly carried out in the liver. This organ accounts for more than 70 percent of the total amount of substance produced in the body.

Increased albumin losses may occur in the presence of diseases excretory system, with pathology gastrointestinal tract, with a lack of vitamins, as well as in the presence of severe dystrophy due to nutritional deficiency.

Indications for use

The use of drugs containing human albumin is indicated in the following cases:

Traumatic shock;
Heavy postoperative conditions;
Burn disease;
Any pathology complicated by severe dehydration;
Reduced albumin content in the blood;
Nephrotic edema;
Glomerulonephritis;
Cirrhosis of the liver;
Long-term non-healing purulent wounds;
Oncological pathology;
Gastric ulcer and duodenum.

Contraindications for use

Prescribing human Albumin preparations is strictly unacceptable in the presence of the following pathology:

Internal bleeding;
High blood pressure;
Severe anemic conditions;
Heart failure;
Individual intolerance;
Thrombosis.

During pregnancy, as well as lactation period The use of human Albumin is permissible if absolutely necessary. The reason for this is the lack clinical trials, proving the safety of the drug in this group of patients.

Drug overdose

In case of accidental overdose, manifestations of hypervolemia are possible, in particular, signs of cardiac overload. Treatment is symptomatic; there is no specific antidote.

Application and dosage

Preparations containing human albumin must be used strictly according to indications. Dosage depends on the severity of the patient's condition and results laboratory research. The prerogative of determining the treatment strategy lies entirely with the attending physician.

During the use of these medications, the patient should be provided with sufficient fluids. If necessary, rehydration measures should be carried out.

Side effects

From the authorities digestive system: nausea or vomiting, heaviness in the abdomen, stool disorders, increased secretion saliva.

From the cardiovascular system: a sharp decline blood pressure indicators up to collapse, increased heart rate.

Other undesirable manifestations: severe allergic reactions, up to anaphylactic shock, short-term increase in body temperature, pain in the lumbar region, joint pain.

Preparations containing human albumin

Human albumin is part of the following drugs: Albumin macroaggregates, 131-I, Albumin, 131-I.

Conclusion

The importance of drugs containing human albumin cannot be overestimated, since, under certain circumstances, they can save the patient’s life. True, the price for them remains quite high high level, making them inaccessible to certain categories of citizens.

Hematogen - biologically active additive to food containing black food albumin and other additives. This drug is mistakenly considered a healthy treat and is consumed in quantities exceeding the indicated dosage (maximum 50 g). Moreover, in some cases, taking hematogen is strictly prohibited. Delicious “candy” can do more harm than good to your health.

Hematogen production technology

Hematogen is obtained by mixing sugar syrup, condensed milk and molasses, which are heated to 125 0 C. When the mass is cooled to 60 0 C, food grade black albumin is added to it. It is a powder of pure hemoglobin, which is extracted from bovine or pig blood. Red blood cell concentrate - main distinctive feature hematogen. Food albumin is a source of iron, which our body often lacks. It is good if dangerous phosphates are not used for stabilization at the stage of processing harvested livestock blood. However, most often the manufacturer increases their concentration several times. Another problem is the quality of animal blood. Statistics show that in most cases it is oversaturated with hormones and steroids, medications, and stimulants. All these impurities will certainly end up in the hematogen bar in the future. Purifying blood and obtaining hemoglobin without impurities is not economically profitable. Its value would increase at least 10 times. You should not trust the packaging with hematogen, on which the manufacturer indicated: there is no black food albumin, the source of iron is purified hemoglobin. It is unlikely that this dietary supplement was manufactured using membrane technologies, chromatography and freeze dryers.

Albumin black food grade. Risks

So, what are the risks of eating “safe” hematogen bars? We talked above about the dubious quality of purifying animal blood from impurities.
However, this is not the only problem that a consumer may encounter.

You never know where this blood came from. Often, livestock that “lived” in areas contaminated by radiation is used as a source of iron. These processed products are extremely hazardous to health. Unfortunately, it is impossible to establish the true nature of such albumin. The effectiveness of hematogen is also controversial issue. Its digestion in the human body is a rather labor-intensive process, which rather provokes the formation of putrefactive microflora. Allergic reactions - frequent companion regular use this medicinal delicacy. And, by the way, do not forget that black food albumin is a product that is obtained by killing animals and expressing their blood. There is no need to talk about what kind of energy this supplement has. However, less impressionable natures may ignore this point.

Albumin in the human body

Albumin is a protein that is an integral structural component of the blood of every person. It is produced in large quantities in the liver, regulates osmotic pressure, performs transport function. Its level in the blood is an indicator of the healthy state of the body. A decrease in the amount of albumin can be associated with various processes and diseases. The causes are often: malnutrition, disease internal organs, malabsorption, endocrine diseases, consumption medicines. Install accurate diagnosis A blood test will help. By the way, albumin in the urine (microalbuminuria) may indicate nephropathy, diabetes mellitus, which may well result from excessive consumption of hematogen.

Quite often, patients in severe conditions The drug "Albumin" is prescribed. What it is? What are the properties of this substance? For what purpose is it used? Are there any contraindications and side effects?

So, albumin - what is it?

Albumin is a substance that is present in the body of every person, as it is an integral part. This protein compound is extremely important for maintaining normal

But there is also a drug called Albumin. What it is? This medicine made by fractionating human plasma. Human albumin solution is transparent (occasionally with yellowish tint) and is odorless. This drug has anabolic properties, replenishes the deficiency of natural protein molecules, and enhances the transfer of tissue fluid into the bloodstream.

The drug "Albumin": indications for use

This medicine replenishes lost blood volume and eliminates protein deficiency. That is why it is often used for such pathological conditions, such as traumatic, septic, surgical and toxic shock.

The drug is effective for severe burns, which are most often accompanied by dehydration and blood thickening.

The drug "Albumin" is also included in the treatment regimen for cerebral edema and ascites. Liver diseases accompanied by a violation of the synthetic activity of the organ are also an indication for the use of the drug. The drug is used for nephritis, hemolytic disease, peptic ulcer stomach and intestines, diseases of the digestive system accompanied by obstruction, etc.

In addition, human albumin solution is often used for blood transfusions, during hemodialysis and therapeutic plasmapheresis. Sometimes the solution is used for parenteral nutrition.

Albumin solution: instructions for use

It is immediately worth noting that only a specialist can prescribe medicine and only after a preliminary examination. Only a doctor knows why albumin is needed, what it is and what dosage will be most effective in a given case.

The solution is administered intravenously by stream (injection) or by drip. As a rule, solutions with albumin concentrations of 5, 10 or 20% are used for treatment. As for the dosage, it is determined individually depending on the condition and age of the patient. For example, it is not recommended for elderly patients to administer 20% solutions, as this creates additional stress on the cardiovascular system.

In most cases daily dose calculated depending on body weight - 1-2 ml (if we're talking about about 10% solution) per kilogram of body. The procedure is repeated every day or every two days until visible improvements occur.

Contraindications and adverse reactions

This medicine has a number of contraindications. In particular, it should not be taken if you are hypersensitive to albumin. It is not used to treat patients with thrombosis, chronic anemia, pulmonary edema, arterial hypertension. Long-term use as well as chronic renal and heart failure are considered contraindications.

Using weak solutions albumin adverse reactions are recorded extremely rarely. Side effects include urticaria, swelling, tachycardia, lower back pain, shortness of breath, chills and fever.

• shock of a traumatic, toxic, purulent-septic, surgical, hemorrhagic, hypovolemic nature;


• hypoalbuminemia and hypoproteinemia;


• severe burn, which is accompanied by “thickening” of blood and dehydration;


• nephrotic syndrome with nephritis;


• hyperbilirubinemia and hemolytic disease in newborn babies;


• liver diseases accompanied by a violation of its albumin-synthesizing function;


• peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, as well as other diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, causing disturbance digestion, including impaired patency of the gastrointestinal anastomosis and various tumors;


• ascites;


• spicy respiratory distress syndrome in adult patients;


• hemodialysis, therapeutic plasma ferresis;


• cerebral edema.

Albumin is also used in operations in which artificial circulation is used, as well as when performing hemodilution before surgery and preparing autologous blood components. The use of the product in chronic nephrosis is unjustified, since Albumin does not have time to influence the main renal damage and is immediately eliminated by the kidneys. In acute nephrosis, the product is not often used. It is also not justified to use Albumin infusions as a source of proteins for patients suffering from malabsorption in the intestines, with chronic pancreatitis, With chronic cirrhosis liver, with body weight deficiency due to starvation.

Pharmachologic effect:
Albumin is a plasma replacement agent that is produced by fractionating human plasma. The drug maintains oncotic blood pressure (colloid-osmotic pressure), effectively compensates for plasma albumin deficiency, and by increasing the transition of tissue fluid in the bloodstream promotes rapid increase BCC and blood pressure. In addition, it increases reserves protein nutrition organs and tissues.

Albumin method of administration and dosage:
Albumin is administered intravenously by drip or jet. Solutions with 5, 10, 20% content of the active substance are administered at a rate of 50-60 drops per minute. The dose of the product for each patient is determined individually, it depends on clinical picture, indications and age of the patient. Typically this is 1-2 ml/kg of solution with 10% active substance content. This dose is infused every day or every other day, until the moment when the effect is noticed.

Do not use 20% concentrated solutions and quickly administer 5-10% solutions to elderly patients. This can overload the cardiovascular system.

Before use, remove the film from the lid and immediately treat it with an antiseptic. After this, it is necessary to inspect the product for changes in color, suspension, sediment, and solid particles. If these are present, Albumin should not be used. It is also necessary to check the integrity of the container and the tightness of the packaging. The results of the examination, as well as the data indicated on the label, are recorded in the medical history.

Albumin contraindications:
The drug should not be taken if:

• thrombosis;


• hypersensitivity to Albumin;


• chronic heart failure;


• chronic anemia;


• chronic renal failure;


• prolonged internal bleeding;


• arterial hypertension;


• pulmonary edema;


• hypervolemia.

If cardiac function is suppressed, the product is used with caution, since there is a risk of acute heart failure.

The drug should not be used if it appears cloudy or has been frozen. If the bottle with the solution has not been completely used, it cannot be reused. To prevent possible bacterial infection Do not use previously opened, cracked or damaged product bottles.

Albumin side effects:
When using 5, 10 and 20% albumin solution, side effects, as a rule, do not occur.

Previously sensitized individuals may experience side effects as allergic reactions presented in varying degrees gravity. People who are at risk are prone to allergic reactions and complications: patients with a history of intolerance to intravenous infusions of plasma substitutes, vaccines, medications and serums.

If complications or reactions occur, the infusion of albumin solution must be stopped immediately. Without removing the needle, you must immediately administer cardiotonic antihistamines, vasopressor products, glucocorticoids, if appropriate indications are available.

Allergic reactions include chills, urticaria, shortness of breath, increased temperature, decreased blood pressure, tachycardia, anaphylactic shock, pain in lumbar region.

Pregnancy:
On this moment no experiments have been conducted to investigate the effect of the product on reproductive function animals. It has not been established whether Albumin causes harm if taken by a pregnant woman. In this regard, pregnant women can use this product only when necessary.

Overdose:
No data available at this time.

Use with other medications:
It is allowed to combine the product with red blood cells, whole blood, standard carbohydrate and electrolyte solutions used for intravenous infusions. Albumin should not be mixed with solutions of amino acids, protein hydrolysates or solutions containing alcohol.

Release form:
There are such forms of Albumin release:
- solution 10%;
- solution for injection 5%;
- solution for injection 10%;
- solution for injection 20%;
- solution for injection 100 ml;
- solution for infusion 10%;
- solution for infusion 20%.

Storage conditions:
The drug should be stored out of the reach of children at room temperature, which should not exceed 30° C. The expiration date is indicated on the pack. After its expiration, the product may not be used.

Albumin composition:
The main active substance is human albumin.

Additionally:
Administration of the product during dehydration is permissible only after parenteral fluid supply is ensured in sufficient volumes.

In order to prevent the development of volemic overload of the cardiovascular system, it is necessary to thoroughly examine patients. If a state of dehydration is noticed, it is necessary to transfuse the patient with a saline solution immediately after infusion of Albumin. Suitable as a solvent only water solution 5% glucose or 0.9% sodium chloride solution. If the patient experiences acute blood loss, then in addition to Albumin, the patient needs to be transfused with red blood cells, if there are appropriate indications. Very in rare cases Whole blood transfusion is allowed.

It should be noted that when transfused with a colloid, which is characterized by positive oncotic activity, blood pressure can quickly rise. At the same time, vessels that did not bleed at low blood pressure, may be bleeding now. Therefore, the process of infusion of the product should be under the supervision of doctors.

Given medicine dispensed from pharmacies with a prescription.

Attention!
Before using the medication "Albumen" You should consult your doctor.
The instructions are provided for informational purposes only. Albumen».