Glue for ceiling tiles: which adhesive for foam plastic is better than gluing it to the ceiling, rather than diluting the “Titan” and “Master” compositions. How does vaccination affect immunity?

Zoom is one of the most widely used, well-known and popular teeth whitening systems. With its help you can cope with discoloration of both enamel and dentin. Prevalence this method receiving snow-white smile allowed to accumulate great experience and bring the whitening procedure to perfection, while reducing the number of side effects and patient discomfort.

Why do teeth change color?

The reasons for tooth discoloration may vary. First of all, their condition is influenced by what we eat and what kind of lifestyle we lead. Among the main ones are

• smoking;
• strong coffee and tea;
• carbonated drinks such as cola;
• red wine.

However, in addition to this, the darkening of teeth may be influenced by factors related to the patient's health, such as

• age
• taking certain medications
• problems related to the internal structure of teeth

Regardless of the reasons that caused the darkening, on the part of the patient it looks like dissatisfaction with the way his smile looks. And since in the process of communication attention is involuntarily drawn to the teeth, their condition can seriously affect a person’s overall self-confidence.

Zoom is an in-office whitening system that uses radiation from a special lamp to activate the whitening gel applied to the surface of the patient’s teeth. The gel used contains 25% hydrogen peroxide. During the decomposition reaction of peroxide, active oxygen penetrates the enamel and dentin, resulting in the destruction of colored plaque and coloring pigments. In this case, the tooth structure itself is not damaged.

Consultation and treatment plan

Before you finally decide that the Zoom whitening system is exactly what you need, it is necessary to conduct a thorough check of the condition of your oral cavity. The dentist must evaluate the condition of the teeth and gums, and also collect information about the patient’s eating preferences and oral care habits. All this will allow us to determine how suitable this or that system is and how durable the results achieved will be.

In addition, the dentist can evaluate the presence of artificial structures, such as fillings, crowns, and their condition in the area of ​​intended whitening, since they do not change their color. All these details need to be identified and their impact assessed before the final choice of teeth whitening method is made.

Thus, the obstacles to starting bleaching will be:

• caries and other violations of the integrity of the enamel;
• inflammation or irritation of the gums;
• increased sensitivity;
• poor hygiene.

Preparatory stage

In order for the whitening process to go smoothly and not cause side effects, a number of preparatory measures will be required. Still, serious interference is expected in internal structure fabrics. The better the preliminary work is done, the higher the likelihood of achieving the expected effect and the impact of these steps should not be underestimated. To obtain the desired result, it is necessary to remove all obstacles and prepare for the procedure itself. For this it is recommended:

• perform preventive teeth cleaning
• cure caries
• strengthen the enamel

The last stage involves the use of fluoride-containing drugs and remineralization of the enamel. These measures are necessary to reduce the discomfort associated with increased sensitivity during teeth whitening.

Zoom whitening technique!

Duration of the procedure professional whitening Zoom 3 is about an hour and includes the following steps:

1. Retractors provide access to the surface of the teeth.
2. The working field is isolated to limit the penetration of the gel beyond the whitening area.
3. The lips and gums are coated with a protective composition to reduce sensitivity.
4. Hydrogen peroxide gel is applied to the surface.
5. Using a special lamp with an infrared filter, the active agent of the gel is activated. The lamp can work on the entire dentition at the same time.
6. After 15 minutes, the gel is removed from the surface and rinsed.
7. A new portion of the gel is applied and activated for another 15 minutes.
8. The gel is removed from the surface and cleaned.
9. A new portion is applied for another 15 minutes.
10. Gel, protective compounds and insulating materials are completely removed.

Thus, the total action time of the gel is about 45 minutes. If everything was done correctly, then the impact during this time was targeted and the side effects will be minimal. Throughout all stages, the doctor controls the process and has the opportunity to make changes to the process based on feedback from the patient.
After completion of the procedure, a composition is applied to the surface of the teeth to restore enamel and reduce tooth sensitivity.

Maintaining results and caring for teeth after whitening

The before and after effects of Zoom 3 whitening can be very impressive. It depends on the initial color and characteristics of the patient’s teeth, but on average the degree of whitening reaches from 5 to 8 tones.

However, it is not enough to get the result in the dentist’s chair; you need to preserve it for as long as possible. To do this, there is a set of recommendations that will help the whitening effect last a long time and keep your teeth healthy.

The first two days after whitening are especially important. The enamel of newly whitened teeth is very sensitive and susceptible to damage. external factors, irritants and coloring matter. Normal occurrence is increased sensitivity during this period. To reduce it, gels and pastes are used to reduce sensitivity.

Immediately after bleaching, you must refrain from smoking, eating foods or drinks with strong dyes (cola, red wine, colored fruits, berries and vegetables), coffee, tea.

In addition, to maintain a white smile, it is necessary to use specialized products. This is especially important in the first days after whitening, when the enamel is susceptible to external influences. These products include whitening toothpastes and mouthwashes. With their help, you can effectively combat the appearance of plaque on your teeth and prevent coloring pigments from penetrating deep into the enamel.

• careful daily oral hygiene;
• using floss or irrigator to prevent plaque formation;
• regular - twice a year - visits to the dentist to monitor the condition of your teeth and early detection of possible problems;
• fluoridation and remineralization of enamel to reduce sensitivity and reduce susceptibility from external influences;
• periodic use of systems home whitening, in consultation with your dentist;
• compliance healthy diet and quitting smoking.

Side effects of Zoom whitening!

Basic by-effect One of the most common problems encountered during teeth whitening is increased tooth sensitivity. Although, due to the use of an infrared filter, the lamp used for bleaching produces a minimum of heat, which is usually the cause of discomfort. The main way to combat sensitivity is a gel containing fluoride and toothpastes for sensitive teeth.

Contraindications for bleaching

The Zoom! system, like any other teeth whitening systems, is not recommended in the following cases:

• pregnancy and lactation period;
• age under 18 years;
• allergic reactions or individual intolerance to drugs;
• caries;
• gum disease;
• increased sensitivity;
• high gag reflex;
• oncological diseases.

Ignoring contraindications can lead to dangerous long-term consequences. Since determining some of them is possible only after examination by relevant specialists, it is necessary to approach the issue of obtaining the desired tooth color with all seriousness.

Cost of whitening Zoom 3

Since the Zoom whitening system is a complete whitening solution, there are usually three main components:

• preparatory stage;
• direct bleaching;
• set for home care for teeth.

Depending on what is used at each stage, the final cost of Zoom whitening can vary quite widely. average price on this procedure depending on the class of the clinic, it ranges from 9,000 to 30,000 rubles.

Elena Kudryashova

Today in Russia their parents decide whether to vaccinate newborns and older children. Doctors can only give recommendations. However, before you finally decide on your own opinion on this issue, you need to study thoroughly modern ideas about vaccinations and the risks that a child is exposed to in the absence of vaccination. In any case, it is advisable to consult with a competent pediatrician who, if necessary, can draw up an individual vaccination schedule.

How does vaccination affect immunity?

• general - includes everything protective functions, which are performed by many systems: from lymphatic system to the mucous membranes. General immunity does not always cope with infections against which vaccinations are given;


• specific - depends on specific antibodies that fight a specific infection. It can form in two ways: in case of recovery from an illness or as a result of vaccination. Vaccination may not protect 100% from the disease during an epidemic, but it will provide more mild course infections and speedy recovery, since antibodies produced in the blood cope faster with foreign microorganisms.

Contraindications for vaccinations

• allergic reaction to yeast, protein chicken egg or aminoglycosides - may appear after the newborn receives the first vaccination against hepatitis B;


• immunodeficiency in the primary form;


• prematurity;


• low birth weight (less than 2 kg);


• complications after previous vaccinations;


• acute diseases or exacerbation of chronic ones.

What conditions must be observed during vaccination?

It is important that there are no infectious diseases in the family during vaccination. It is not recommended to combine vaccination with the introduction of complementary foods or teething. After past illness routine vaccination is postponed for about a month. If the child suffers from allergies, the doctor may prescribe prophylactic appointment antihistamines a few days before vaccination.

After the injection, you should sit next to the treatment room for about 30 minutes so that the medical staff can timely monitor the reaction to the drug and, if necessary, provide assistance to the child.

Swimming is allowed the day after vaccination. It is recommended not to attend public events for several days so as not to catch viral infection and not complicate the course of the post-vaccination period.

When are children under one year old vaccinated?

What vaccinations are given to newborns in the maternity hospital? First of all, during the first day of life, the child will be vaccinated against hepatitis B. Then, on the 3rd–7th day, BCG is given, which protects against tuberculosis. In some cases, vaccinations for newborns may be canceled or postponed for health reasons.

During the first year, the baby will receive the following vaccinations:

• second vaccination against hepatitis B - carried out in one month old;


• at 2 months – second vaccination against hepatitis B and first vaccination against pneumococcal infection


• vaccination against polio, complex against diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus and hemophilus influenzae infection - at 3 months;


• second polio vaccination;


• second comprehensive vaccination against diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus, a second vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae and a second vaccination against pneumococcal infection - at 4 and 5 months;


• third vaccination against diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus, third vaccination against viral hepatitis B, third vaccination against polio, third vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae is planned at 6 months;


• At 12 months, the child receives a comprehensive vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps. Fourth vaccination against viral hepatitis B.

Vaccination after one year

• 15 months – revaccination against pneumococcal infection.


• Revaccination against polio, Haemophilus influenzae and DTP is recommended at 18 months.


• The second booster vaccination against polio should take place at 20 months.


• Vaccination against measles, rubella, mumps - repeat when the child turns 6 years old.


• Revaccination against tetanus, diphtheria and BCG - as prescribed, is done at 7 years of age.


• The third revaccination against diphtheria, tetanus and the third revaccination against polio are planned for 14 years.

Possible reactions to vaccinations

BCG. The reaction to this vaccine does not occur immediately. Normally, after a month and a half, a compaction appears at the vaccination site and in rare cases redness. They go away in 8-12 weeks, but leave behind a scar. If the described conditions are observed in newborns after vaccination, it means that the body has developed immunity against severe forms of tuberculosis.

Hepatitis B. After this vaccination, the newborn may have a fever of up to 37.5 degrees, and the injection site may become red and painful. When the vaccine is repeated, the likelihood of such bright manifestations decreases.

DPT. With this complex vaccination, a lump almost always forms at the injection site the next day and the skin turns red. The child may have a fever of up to 38 degrees. Often children become drowsy, lethargic, and feel a general malaise. This goes away within a few days. With revaccination, this reaction may recur.

Polio. Vaccination can be carried out in two forms: as an injection or drops that are dropped into the child’s mouth. If an injection was given, thickening and redness may appear at this site. There is usually no reaction to a vaccine administered orally; in rare cases, an allergic rash occurs.

Rubella. A slight increase in temperature a week after vaccination and a slight increase in lymph nodes are acceptable.

Measles. After a few days, the temperature may rise to 39 degrees. This may be accompanied by redness of the eyes, cheeks and nasal congestion.

Information about what vaccinations are given to newborns and older children will help parents create the most appropriate vaccination schedule for them. However, in any case, you should consult your pediatrician.

Should my child be vaccinated?

• The child will develop immunity to dangerous infectious diseases, which reduces his risk of developing the disease;


• unvaccinated children can catch the disease and infect vaccinated children, which will lead to an epidemic;


• Vaccination keeps the immune system in good shape.

• low quality of vaccines and their ineffectiveness;


• fears that the child’s immunity will not cope with vaccination due to an overly busy schedule;


• opportunity severe complications and necessity individual approach;


• the infections against which vaccinations are given according to the calendar are not dangerous, and it is better to get over them;


• Vaccinations of newborns against tuberculosis and hepatitis B are impractical in such early age, since the baby, according to opponents of vaccination, is protected from these diseases in the family.

When arranging a kitchen, the question often arises: what to choose for the window - blinds or curtains? To resolve this issue, it is worth considering the features, advantages and disadvantages of both options.

Wooden chairs (65 photos): folding wooden furniture, restoration of an old piece of furniture with armrests, how to update

Experts consider wood to be one of the most suitable materials for making furniture. This is due to the fact that wooden interior items not only have decent looking, but also optimally combine environmental friendliness and quality. Therefore, almost every branded furniture factory necessarily includes wooden chairs in its assortment.

Suspended ceiling for the kitchen (83 photos): suspended structures for an area of ​​6 and 9 square meters, how to make it yourself

Perhaps the most complex issue problem that arises during renovation - what material to make the ceiling from in the kitchen. After all, the specifics of this room are such that materials that are suitable for other rooms should not be used here.

Built-in hallways (69 photos): furniture design ideas for a narrow hallway and niche, built-in options

The furniture in the hallway is the first thing people pay attention to when entering the apartment. The external impression must correspond to the internal content and quality of the product.

Kinds

To make the most of the space and make the entrance area functional, built-in furniture is used. All built-in hallways are part of the room's architecture, thanks to the following features:

• If a furniture object is missing several structural parts (for example, a bottom or a side stand), their place is taken by walls, floor and ceiling. This design will be called partially built-in.
• if all external parts of the structure replace parts of the room, such a cabinet will be completely built-in. For this purpose, niches, alcoves, and partitions are used, which are often found in old houses.

Dolce Gusto coffee machine: how to use the Nescafe model

The modern world dictates an extremely high pace of life; in order to always remain active and cheerful, many people drink coffee. Others love this drink for its taste qualities. This is what has made coffee the most popular drink in the world, of which there are many varieties, as well as methods of its preparation. One of them is the use of coffee machines, which are in great demand among coffee lovers. Manufacturer Krups and his devices called Dolce Gusto have been occupying a strong position in the household appliances market for a long time.

Curtains in a wooden house (65 photos): curtains and curtains for a small window in a country house

The dacha issue has always been relevant, and recently there has been an increasing trend towards a complete move to the private sector, away from noisy highways and the bustle of big cities. Preference is given to houses made from natural materials, and most often this material is wood.

Glue for ceiling tiles: which adhesive for foam plastic is better than gluing it to the ceiling, than diluting the “Titan” and “Master” compositions

Regardless of the style in which the room is decorated, there is always a place for a living plant. This is the element that will enliven even a gloomy room and give it a special mood. True, plants, like other decorative details, need to be selected wisely, taking into account the characteristics of the style with which you are working.

The inventor who came up with the idea of ​​​​replacing the back-and-forth movements of a traditional saw with the work of a circular cutting blade made a revolution in the field of wood processing. Since then, the category of equipment that uses a disk with a cutting edge has been regularly updated with new models.

Before choosing a circular saw, you should pay attention to a number of parameters and options. Then the tool will not only cope with the assigned tasks, but will also reliably serve for many years.

Features and Benefits

Choice circular saw for the home is due to its optimal characteristics for domestic use. This is an excellent tool for longitudinal, bevel or cross cutting of materials of different densities.

Using discs for various purposes, you can work with several types of wood, chipboard, polymer materials, non-ferrous metals. When using adapters, the hand-held circular saw is compatible with angle grinder wheels (grinder grinders) and can easily replace it.

The unit is useful when processing large volumes of boards; it easily makes long, accurate and even cuts. The only negative is that the machine cannot cut along a curve.

The design is not very complicated:

• housing with electric motor;
• gearbox (if any);
• protective covers and working body;
• base with guide stop;
• riving knife.

Design features of circular saws

The market offers several constructive various types circular saw.

Availability of gearbox

Geared. The working disk is located on the shaft of a gear reducer rotated by an electric motor. The design allows for deep cuts.
Gearless. The disk is installed directly on the motor rotor shaft. Such models are lighter and cheaper. IN home use it will be more optimal.

Scope and intensity of application

Amateur or household. Designed for short-term work at home. Has low or average power ratings.
Professional. Durable, powerful device increased strength and wear resistance of parts. Designed for long hours of use in production.

Power type

From the network (220/380V). Provides maximum power and service life. Minuses - more weight, “attachment” to the electrical network, the need for extension cords, the threat of electric shock.
Battery. Autonomy in hard-to-reach places (roof, basement, etc.). Ability to work in places with high humidity. Modern batteries Everything is lighter and lighter in weight, so one charge is enough for household use. Cons: expensive battery replacement, low power, limited operating time.

Disc sharpening angle

Positively sharpened. The sharpening angle coincides with the direction of rotation. Used for working with soft types of materials.
Negative sharpening. The teeth are sharpened in the direction opposite to the rotation of the disc. This “consumable” is used for cutting hard wood.

Presence of solder marks on the disk

• without soldering - it is planned to cut soft materials;
• special strengthening tips for cutting parts with high hardness.

Types of teeth

1. trapezoidal;
2. alternating oblique;
3. straight.

Advice. For the home handyman It's worth having several types of disks.

Regardless of the type of tool, each model has a sawing angle regulator for cutting at an angle.

Selection rules

A tool, like a person, is valued by its deeds. Since a saw is purchased for sawing, its main indicator is the depth and quality of the cut. This parameter is influenced by many factors:
Working disk diameter- the larger it is, the deeper it is cut, but the “consumable” itself is heavier. It will require a more powerful engine, which weighs more, which means the weight of the entire tool and its price will increase. Maximum depth The cut is only ≈40% of the disc diameter.

Information about the parameters is located on the “consumable” itself: the first number is the diameter, the second is the number of teeth, the third is the diameter of the rotating shaft, i.e. internal diameter (bore). But the last two digits may change places among manufacturers.

Household units are designed for a cutting depth of up to 6 cm, while professional devices can cut at 12-13 cm. Optimal for household there will be a semi-professional model with a cutting depth of up to 7 cm. This is a disk with a diameter of approximately 190-210 mm.

The cutting element determines the quality, speed and comfort of work. The number of teeth plays an important role. 12-16 teeth will work quickly, but the quality of the cut will suffer. As their number increases, the smoothness of the cut improves, but the speed of work decreases. The number of teeth on some products can exceed 100.
Please note that the disc must have radial compensation slots. They prevent the metal from warping in the event of overheating, which reduces operating noise and vibration.
Motor power is considered one of the basic characteristics of any power tool. A high-power unit can work with large-diameter discs and hard materials, but, as already mentioned, this entails an increase in the weight and cost of the device.
But power reserves are necessary. A strong engine will gain stable speed faster and process dense material faster. Reducing the operating time will prevent overheating. According to this characteristic, “circulars” are divided into three classes:

• Up to 800 W - low-power household units;
• 800-1200 W - semi-professional equipment;
• More than 1200 W - professional equipment.

For domestic needs, equipment with average power is selected, since the amount of work will be performed is relatively small, but the reserve will be enough for a one-time cut. large quantity high-strength materials or workpieces. But if you buy a tool for a couple of times, then you shouldn’t overpay - buy a low-power unit that can cope with most household tasks.

The optimal operating/rest time ratio for the device is 30/15 minutes.

Shaft speed- the higher this indicator, the better quality cutting and less load on the teeth.

But it should be borne in mind that polymers should be processed at low speeds to prevent melting of the edges, but it is suitable for wood high speed rotation.

For professional devices, a special option has been created - speed control. For country needs, a single-speed machine is sufficient.
Most often there are models on sale with an indicator of 4500-5000 rpm.

Hand-held circular saws (circular saws): overview of models

Bosch PKS 40- model for working with thin materials. Light weight of 2.5 kg allows you to work on a table or in an inconvenient place. 600 W will easily spin a 130 mm circle to cut wood up to 30 mm.
Hitachi C13U- heavyweight for heavy work. Not everyone will be able to work with its 13 kg, but 335 mm of steel teeth will be able to cut 138 mm.
Bosch GKS 190- “Miss Optimality”. Best on this moment circular saw for home. The cutting depth of 70 mm and the power of 1400 W allow you to easily process most “household” materials. The device is pleasant and convenient to use.
Makita 5704R- average power and excellent ergonomics. The model is different high quality assemblies.

Security nuances

Modern technology is equipped with several security options. It is better to have them in your unit:

• protective casing - stationary and movable spring-loaded part;
• slip clutch - will prevent the engine from overloading when the disk jams;
• protection against accidental start - simultaneous pressing of two buttons;
• braking of the shaft after turning off the motor.

Before you finally decide which circular saw to choose, you need to consider the following. The cost of a circular saw is often the main parameter for choosing it, but low price does not always justify itself. The quality of parts, assembly, and materials play an important role, but you should not overpay for ultra-reliable professional tools. It is unlikely that at the dacha you will need to cut cubic meters of boards every day, and a small depth of 6-7 cm turns into 12-14 simple coup blanks. A maneuverable circular saw will become a reliable assistant in the private sector, but if you are faced with more “volume” tasks, you should purchase a stationary “circular saw”.

Video: choosing a circular saw for an amateur

Just 10-15 years ago, the question of how to choose furniture for the kitchen was not as relevant as it is now, because furniture store, as a rule, pleased the eyes of housewives only with monotonous models of kitchen sets. Standard sizes, the same type of fittings, boring monotonous colors - all this did not provide the opportunity for flights of fancy and design delights. Times have changed, and now furniture stores represent great amount various models of domestic and imported production. However, housewives were faced with another problem - how to choose kitchen furniture and not make a mistake when buying, because it is necessary that it not only fits the overall interior of the house, but also serves faithfully for many years.

Classic style furniture made of wood will be relevant for many years.

Before you finally decide what kitchen furniture to purchase, you must take measurements to understand how much space can be allocated for the table and cabinets, and how much should be left for free movement around the kitchen. You should also provide space for built-in equipment, sockets, hoses, etc. To do this, it is better to contact an experienced measurer, because only a professional will be able to take into account all the features of the room, give useful tips and recommendations regarding uneven walls or corners.

Selecting components

Choosing kitchen furniture is not easy, because the set, as a rule, consists of wall and floor cabinets, which have different heights, widths and contents.

The number of individual blocks is selected based on measurements of the room. Designers suggest combining floor blocks with each other, covering them with a kitchen surface. Thus, kitchen furniture not only looks modern, but also becomes more practical.

Wall cabinets come with open, blind, hinged or sliding doors. Floor-standing ones are sometimes mounted under the tabletop, and sometimes they are separate elements (pencil cases, cupboards, etc.) The width of the modules can be very diverse, ranging from quite narrow - 15-20 cm, ending with very wide - 1.2-1.5 m. Height hanging boxes also vary from 35 cm to 1.4 m, which makes them easy to pick up even for short people. If the modules designated by the standard do not satisfy the buyer’s wishes, then some manufacturers agree to produce custom-made furniture. True, it will cost a little more than buying a ready-made headset.

Shelves in modern kitchen sets are removable, angular, rounded, can be rolled out, and some even have a mini-elevator that silently raises and lowers the shelf with all its contents. Some headsets are filled with tandem boxes, which allow you to more efficiently use the depth of narrow drawers. Inside, the drawers are equipped with roof rails, dryers, bottle holders, holders, and various stands for kitchen items. Therefore, the housewife can only choose what furniture to purchase.

Return to contents

Materials and accessories

Furniture fittings: a - corners; b - shelf holders; c - couplers; g - bolt; d - locks; e - handles; g - magnetic latch; z - loops.

When answering the question of how to choose furniture for the kitchen, a special point should be made about the materials that are used in the manufacture of the sets. Most budget option for the body is chipboard. Moreover, for the facade, on which it depends appearance kitchens, there is a huge arsenal of materials and finishes. The advantage of such furniture is its low cost, the disadvantage is its relative fragility. In order for a chipboard kitchen to last as long as possible, it should be minimally exposed to moisture and dirt.

The next material used for kitchen furniture is MDF. This is a fairly dense material that can be easily shaped into any shape. Among other things, the advantages of this material are moisture resistance, environmental friendliness, and high strength. In this case, plastic is most often used to cover facades, the structure and color scheme of which allows the most interesting design ideas to be realized.

The service life of kitchen facades made of MDF is 7 years.

Sets made of solid wood are considered to be a symbol of prosperity and reliability. They are beautiful, durable, and come in a variety of unique wood grain patterns. Color palette There are a huge number of them, allowing for every taste. Distinctive feature The fact is that such furniture becomes darker over time, which only gives it nobility. However, when purchasing a set made of solid wood, you should remember hypersensitivity this material to moisture and temperature.

Fittings are also of considerable importance. Cabinet handles should not only be comfortable, but also reliable, in harmony with general view headset Decorative legs must be adjustable in height and be quite reliable. When purchasing, you should also check the quality of stained glass and glass. They must have good fastenings, a smooth edge, and no chips, scratches or other visible damage.