Specific ulcerative colitis symptoms. Protective and preventive factors for UC. Strawberry leaf drink

is a diffuse ulcerative-inflammatory lesion of the mucous membrane of the large intestine, accompanied by the development of severe local and systemic complications. The clinical picture of the disease is characterized by cramping abdominal pain, diarrhea mixed with blood, intestinal bleeding, extraintestinal manifestations. Ulcerative colitis is diagnosed based on the results of colonoscopy, irrigoscopy, CT, and endoscopic biopsy. Treatment can be conservative (diet, physical therapy, medications) or surgical (resection of the affected area of ​​the colon).

Complications

Quite common and serious complication Nonspecific ulcerative colitis is toxic megacolon - expansion of the colon as a result of paralysis of the muscles of the intestinal wall in the affected area. With toxic megacolon it is noted intense pain and bloating in the abdomen, increased body temperature, weakness.

In addition, non-specific ulcerative colitis may be complicated by massive intestinal bleeding, intestinal rupture, narrowing of the colon lumen, dehydration as a result of large fluid loss with diarrhea and colon cancer.

Diagnostics

Main diagnostic method ulcerative colitis is detected by colonoscopy, which allows a detailed examination of the lumen of the large intestine and its internal walls. Irrigoscopy and X-ray examination with barium can detect ulcerative defects walls, changes in intestinal size (megacolon), impaired peristalsis, narrowing of the lumen. An effective method for imaging the intestine is computed tomography.

In addition, they produce a coprogram, a test for occult blood, bacteriological culture. A blood test for ulcerative colitis shows the picture nonspecific inflammation. Biochemical indicators may indicate the presence accompanying pathologies, digestive disorders, functional disorders in the functioning of organs and systems. During a colonoscopy, a biopsy of the altered area of ​​the colon wall is usually performed for histological examination.

Treatment of UC

Since the causes of nonspecific ulcerative colitis are not fully understood, the goals of therapy for this disease are to reduce the intensity of the inflammatory process, subside clinical symptoms and prevention of exacerbations and complications. With timely proper treatment and strict adherence to the recommendations of the proctologist, it is possible to achieve stable remission and improve the patient’s quality of life.

Ulcerative colitis is treated with therapeutic and surgical methods depending on the course of the disease and the patient’s condition. One of the important elements symptomatic therapy nonspecific ulcerative colitis is dietary food.

At severe course diseases in full swing clinical manifestations a proctologist can recommend complete failure from eating, limiting yourself to drinking water. Most often, during an exacerbation, patients lose their appetite and tolerate the ban quite easily. If necessary, parenteral nutrition is prescribed. Sometimes patients are transferred to parenteral nutrition in order to more quickly alleviate the condition of severe colitis. Eating is resumed immediately after appetite is restored.

Diet recommendations for ulcerative colitis are aimed at stopping diarrhea and reducing irritation of the intestinal mucosa by food components. Products containing alimentary fiber, fiber, spicy, sour foods, alcoholic drinks, roughage. In addition, patients suffering chronic inflammation intestines, it is recommended to increase the protein content in the diet (at the rate of 1.5-2 grams per kilogram of body per day).

Drug therapy for ulcerative colitis includes anti-inflammatory drugs, immunosuppressants (azathioprine, methotrexate, cyclosporine, mercaptopurine) and anticytokines (infliximab). In addition, they are appointed symptomatic remedies: antidiarrheals, painkillers, iron supplements for signs of anemia.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs - derivatives of 5-aminosalicylic acid (sulfasalazine, mesalazine) and corticosteroids - are used as anti-inflammatory drugs for this pathology. hormonal drugs. Corticosteroid drugs are used during periods of severe exacerbation in cases of severe and moderate severity (or if 5-aminosalicylates are ineffective) and are not prescribed for more than a few months. (free end connections ileum with the anal canal) is the most common surgical technique treatment of nonspecific ulcerative colitis. In some cases, a section of the affected intestine limited within healthy tissues is removed (segmental resection).

Prognosis and prevention

Prevention of nonspecific ulcerative colitis in this moment no, because the causes of this disease are not completely clear. Preventive measures occurrence of relapses of exacerbation is compliance with the doctor’s lifestyle instructions (nutritional recommendations similar to those for Crohn’s disease, reducing the amount stressful situations and physical overexertion, psychotherapy) and regular dispensary observation. Sanatorium-resort treatment has a good effect in terms of stabilizing the condition.

With a mild course without complications, the prognosis is favorable. About 80% of patients taking 5-acetylsalicylates as maintenance therapy do not report relapses or complications of the disease throughout the year. Patients usually experience relapses once every five years; in 4% there are no exacerbations for 15 years. Surgical treatment is resorted to in 20% of cases. Probability of development malignant tumor in patients with UC varies between 3-10% of cases.

Nonspecific ulcerative colitis (UC) is chronic disease The gastrointestinal tract is of a recurrent nature, in which the mucous membrane of the large intestine becomes inflamed, on which ulcers and areas of necrosis form.

Clinically, ulcerative colitis is manifested by bloody diarrhea, arthritis, weight loss, general weakness, abdominal pain, with this disease the risk of developing colorectal cancer. We will tell you more about ulcerative colitis of the intestine - symptoms and treatment of the disease in this article.

Causes of Ulcerative Colitis

The etiology of the disease is considered not fully understood; scientists are still intensively searching for true reasons nonspecific ulcerative colitis. However, the main risk factors for this disease, which include:

American experts conducted a large-scale study and found that fungi in the human intestines are associated with inflammatory diseases intestines (Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis), reports the Los Angeles Times. Experiments conducted on rodents allowed scientists to prove the connection between more than 100 species found in their intestines various fungi and ulcerative colitis of the intestine.

The presence of fungi in the body of mammals activates the production of dectin-1 protein by leukocytes. In the case where the body in mice could not produce it, the mice become more susceptible to the development of ulcerative colitis than their healthy counterparts. Moreover, the application antifungal drugs helps mitigate the course of this disease in rodents.

In humans, Dectin-1 is encoded by the CLEC7A gene; based on these studies, it turned out that in the presence of a mutant form of this gene, the patient developed ulcerative colitis, which was intractable traditional ways treatment (diet, NSAIDs, corticosteroids). Mutations in the CLEC7A gene contribute to the development of a more severe form of colitis, since this gene is associated with other factors that influence inflammation, and antifungal treatment in this case, it helps to improve the patient's condition.

Symptoms of Ulcerative Colitis

There are main symptoms of ulcerative colitis associated with the gastrointestinal tract ( intestinal manifestations) and extraintestinal symptoms.

The main intestinal symptoms of UC are:

• Bloody diarrhea

Diarrhea with blood and mucus (and sometimes even pus) is the main diagnostic sign diseases. Sometimes the discharge of blood, mucus and pus occurs spontaneously (not during bowel movements). The frequency of bowel movements in patients with UC varies - from several times a day to 15 - 20 times (severe cases). The frequency of stool increases in the morning and at night.

• Pain in the projection of the abdomen

The pain may also have varying degrees intensity - from weak to sharply expressed, accompanied by extreme discomfort. Most often, the pain is localized in the left half of the abdomen. Severe abdominal pain that is not relieved by taking analgesics is a sign of complications of the disease.

• Increase in temperature to low-grade levels.
• Other signs of intoxication of the body: weakness, weight loss, poor appetite, frequent dizziness.
• False urge to defecate (tenesmus). Sometimes a patient may discharge only a fragment of mucus or mucus with pus instead of feces (symptom of “rectal spitting”).
• Bloating ().
• Possible fecal incontinence.
• Sometimes, instead of diarrhea, the patient develops constipation, which is a sign of severe inflammation of the colon mucosa.
• The likelihood of rapid (fulminant, fulminant) development of ulcerative colitis.

This form develops in just a few days, its manifestation is toxic megacolon (expansion or dilatation of the lumen of the large intestine). At the same time, the patient’s temperature rises sharply, reaching over 38°C. The patient is weak, adynamic, rapidly losing weight, he experiences abdominal pain, and frequent loose stool with abundant admixtures of mucus, blood and pus, abdominal pain appears. IN terminal stage UC tachycardia occurs, decreases arterial pressure, oliguria appears. The patient has bloating and tenderness of the abdomen, bowel sounds are not heard. Neutrophilic leukocytosis is noted in the blood, and a dilated colon is visible on the x-ray (its diameter exceeds 6 cm). Dilatation of the large intestine is caused by an increase in nitric oxide, which increases contractile function intestinal smooth muscles. Excessive expansion of the large intestine is dangerous due to perforation of its wall (rupture).

Extraintestinal manifestations of UC

They occur infrequently - in only 10 - 20% of patients. These include:

• Skin lesions in the form erythema nodosum and gangrenous pyoderma, which is associated with the presence in the blood increased concentration bacterial antigens, immune complexes, cryoproteins.
• Symptoms of damage to the oropharynx. Occurs in 10% of patients. They are associated with the appearance of aphthae - specific rashes on the mucous membrane oral cavity, the number of which decreases as the disease goes into remission.
• Eye damage (occurs even less frequently - in only 5 - 8% of cases), they manifest themselves as: uveitis, episcleritis, conjunctivitis, retrobulbar neuritis, keratitis, choroiditis.
• Articular lesions. Inflammatory processes in the joints are of the nature of arthritis (most common), sacroiliitis, spondylitis. These lesions can be combined with intestinal pathology or precede the main symptoms of ulcerative colitis.
• Pathology skeletal system in the form of: osteoporosis (increased bone fragility), osteomalacia (softening of bones), aseptic and ischemic necrosis.
• Damage to the pulmonary system (occurs in 35% of patients with UC).
• Damage to the pancreas, liver and bile ducts. These changes are caused by disturbances in the functioning of the endocrine system.
• The rarest outside intestinal symptoms ulcerative colitis of the intestine are: and glomerulonephritis.

Ulcerative colitis has an acute phase and a remission phase. The disease begins gradually at first, but quickly gains momentum when the signs of ulcerative colitis become more pronounced.

Sometimes the symptoms weaken, but then intensify again. At permanent treatment the disease takes on the character of recurrent chronic ulcerative colitis, the symptoms of which weaken with long-term remission. The frequency of relapses in patients with nonspecific ulcerative colitis most often depends not on the degree of intestinal damage, but on supportive treatment (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antibacterial, antiviral agents).

During the acute phase of the disease colon looks like this: hyperemia and swelling of the mucous membrane occur, intestinal bleeding and ulcers. On the contrary, the remission process is accompanied atrophic changes in the mucous membrane - it becomes thinner, its function is impaired, and lymphatic infiltrates appear.

Diagnosis of the disease

The diagnosis and treatment of ulcerative colitis is carried out by a therapeutic specialist or gastroenterologist. Suspicion of the disease is caused by a complex of corresponding symptoms:

• diarrhea mixed with blood, mucus and pus
• abdominal pain; arthritis
• eye disorders in the background general intoxication body

Laboratory diagnostics.

• IN general analysis In the blood of a patient with ulcerative colitis, anemia is noted (the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin decreases), and there is leukocytosis. In a blood test for biochemistry, an increase in the content of C in the blood is noted - reactive protein, which is an indicator of the presence of inflammation in the human body. In addition, the concentration of albumin, magnesium, calcium decreases, and the amount of gamaglobulins increases, which is associated with the active production of antibodies.
• IN immunological analysis In the blood of most patients, there is an increase in the concentration of cytoplasmic antineutrophil antibodies (they appear due to an abnormal immune response).
• A stool analysis of a patient with ulcerative colitis shows blood, pus and mucus. Pathogenic microflora is sown in feces.

Instrumental diagnosis of UC.

Endoscopy (rectosigmoidoscopy, reveals in the patient a complex of symptoms characteristic of the disease:

• swelling and hyperemia, granulosa of the mucous membrane
• pseudopolyps
• contact bleeding
• the presence of pus, blood and mucus in the intestinal lumen
• During the remission phase, pronounced atrophy of the mucous membrane of the large intestine is observed.

("video pill") in the near future, it will be performed on those patients who, due to the pain of the procedure and discomfort, refuse to undergo a colonoscopy. However, capsule endoscopy will not replace traditional endoscopic examination, since the image quality is inferior to direct visualization. approximate cost such a capsule will cost about $500.

X-ray examination is also effective method diagnosis of ulcerative colitis. In this case, a barium mixture is used as a contrast. On x-ray In a patient with UC, there is a noticeable expansion of the intestinal lumen, the presence of polyps, ulcers, and shortening of the intestine. This type examination helps prevent intestinal perforation.

Treatment of ulcerative colitis

There is no etiological treatment that can address the cause of ulcerative colitis. Treatment of the disease is symptomatic and is aimed at: eliminating the inflammation process, maintaining remission and preventing complications. If drug therapy does not have an effect, the patient is indicated surgery.

Among conservative methods Treatments for UC include:

Diet therapy. During periods of exacerbation, the patient is advised to refrain from eating. You can only drink water. During the period of remission, the patient is recommended to reduce the amount of fat in the diet and increase the protein content ( lean fish and meat, cottage cheese, eggs). It is recommended to avoid coarse fibrous fiber, which can injure the delicate intestinal mucosa. The following carbohydrates are recommended: porridge, honey, jelly, jelly, berry and fruit compotes and decoctions. The patient is recommended to take vitamins: A, K, C, as well as calcium. IN severe cases recommended artificial nutrition– parenteral and enteral.

NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) salofalk, mesalazine, sulfasalazine and corticosteroids - prednisolone, methylprednisolone. The dosage of drugs is selected by the doctor individually.

Antibiotics. In case of exacerbation of the disease, antibiotics are also recommended: ciprofloxacin, tsifran, ceftriaxone, tienam.

Surgical intervention

Surgical treatment of ulcerative colitis is indicated for patients who do not respond to conservative methods. Indications for surgery for ulcerative colitis are:

• perforation (perforation of the intestinal wall);
• signs of intestinal obstruction;
• abscess;
• presence of toxic megacolon;
• profuse bleeding;
• fistulas;
• bowel cancer.

Main types surgical intervention are:

• Colectomy (excision of the colon).
• Proctocolectomy (removal of the rectum and colon) with preservation of the anus.
• Proctocolectomy followed by ileostomy. In this case, the straight line is excised and colon, after which an ileostomy (permanent or temporary) is applied, through which natural waste is removed from the human body. Subsequently, the patient undergoes reconstructive surgery, the ileostomy is removed and restored natural way defecation.

Ulcerative nonspecific colitis is a severe pathology. It affects only the mucous membrane of the large intestine in the form of destructive inflammatory and ulcerative processes varying intensity. The pathology affects the rectum and gradually spreads to all parts of the large intestine. It begins slowly and the first sign of its development may be bleeding from the rectum. The difficulty of treating this disease is that it is poorly understood and, as a rule, it lasts quite a long time.

This disease most often occurs in residents of megacities. It usually manifests itself in the elderly (after 60 years) or at a young age up to 30 years of age and is not contagious.

Causes of ulcerative colitis

Scientists have not established the exact cause of ulcerative colitis, but they release rad causal factors. These include:

• hereditary predisposition;
• infection of unknown origin;
• genetic mutations;
• poor nutrition;
• disturbance of intestinal microflora;
• taking certain medications (contraceptives, some anti-inflammatory drugs);
• frequent

A patient with ulcerative nonspecific colitis starts working doesn't mind pathogenic microbes, but against the cells of the mucous membrane of the intestine, which ultimately leads to its ulceration. Immune mechanism This pathology gradually spreads to other organs and systems. This is manifested by lesions and inflammation of the eyes, skin, joints, mucous membranes.

Taking into account clinical picture The following forms of this pathology are distinguished:

• chronic ulcerative colitis;
• spicy;
• chronic relapsing type.

Chronic ulcerative colitis has a constant course, without periods of remission. At the same time, it can have both compensated and difficult character currents. The severity of this disease directly depends on the extent of damage to the healthy intestinal mucosa. This form proceeds sluggishly and continuously, the duration depends on the patient’s state of health. The disease itself greatly depletes the patient’s body. If the patient’s condition reaches critical level, then mandatory surgery. When such colitis has a compensated form, it can last for many years. Wherein conservative therapy allows you to improve the patient's condition and gives a good effect.

Acute form Nonspecific ulcerative colitis has a rather abrupt and violent onset. Inflammatory and ulcerative processes in the large intestine develop from the very beginning of the disease, so it is quite severe, but is very rare in practice. Pathological processes develop at lightning speed and spread to the entire intestine, which is called total colitis. It is very important to start treatment immediately.

Recurrent form Nonspecific ulcerative colitis occurs with phases of remission and exacerbation. In some cases, the attacks stop spontaneously and long time do not appear.

Symptoms of nonspecific ulcerative colitis

There are many signs of ulcerative colitis and they can have varying degrees of severity depending on the severity of the disease and its form. In this regard, some patients remain in normal health throughout their lives, and among the symptoms only blood appears in the stool (which is often incorrectly associated with hemorrhoids). In another part of patients there is more serious condition With bloody diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain, etc.

Specific symptoms of ulcerative colitis include the following complaints:

• bleeding from the rectum, accompanied by pain, diarrhea;
• (up to 20 times per day);
• cramping pain in the abdomen;
• (happens very rarely, diarrhea is usually observed);
• lack of appetite;
• increased body temperature;
• weight loss due to persistent diarrhea;
• decreased hemoglobin levels in the blood (due to constant bleeding);
• blood in stool(this symptom occurs in 9 out of 10 patients and may appear as a bloody spot on the toilet paper, and massive bloody stool);
• an admixture of mucus in the stool;
• frequent false urges to bowel movements - “rectal spitting” (when instead of feces, pus and mucus come out of the rectum);
• defecation at night (the patient wakes up at night due to an uncontrollable desire to defecate);
• flatulence (bloating);
• intoxication of the body (tachycardia, dehydration, fever).

There are a number of extraintestinal symptoms of ulcerative colitis that are not related to the gastrointestinal tract:

• joint pain;
• eye pathologies;
• liver diseases;
• the appearance of a rash on the body and mucous membranes;
• blood clots

These signs may appear even before the symptoms of colitis itself, depending on its severity.

Complications

As a result of nonspecific ulcerative colitis, patients may develop the following complications:

• intestinal perforation;
• intestinal profuse bleeding;
• toxic megacolon ( fatal complication, as a result of which the large intestine in a certain place increases in diameter up to 6 cm);
• rupture of the intestinal wall;
• anal passage;
• fistula or abscess;
• narrowing of the lumen of the colon;
• colon (the risk of developing it in a patient with colitis increases every year after 10 years of illness).

Confirmation of the diagnosis requires a very thorough examination of the patient. First of all, this makes it possible to distinguish ulcerative colitis from other intestinal pathologies that have similar symptoms.

Inspection

During an objective examination, the doctor can, how to note the presence typical signs illnesses and their absence. Digital rectal examination allows the doctor to determine the presence of pathologies such as thickening of the rectal mucosa, anal fissures, rectal fistulas, abscess, sphincter spasm, etc. The doctor must prescribe everything necessary research to ultimately carry out differential diagnosis with pathologies such as irritable bowel syndrome, diverticulitis, colon cancer, Crohn's disease.

When examining the material taken, damage to the intestinal mucosa is detected in the form of ulcers penetrating deep into the submucosal layer, sometimes even to the muscular layer. The ulcers are undermined smooth edges. In those areas of the intestine where the mucous membrane has been preserved, excessive regeneration of the glandular epithelium can be detected, resulting in pseudopolyps. Also often found characteristic feature in the form of “crypt abscesses”.

Treatment of ulcerative colitis

The type of therapy for nonspecific ulcerative colitis depends entirely on its severity and the patient’s condition. In most cases, it involves receiving special drugs, for the correction of diarrhea, the digestive process. In more severe cases, they resort to taking additional medications and surgical treatment.

Hospitalization is extremely necessary when a diagnosis is first made; this allows doctors to determine the volume of necessary treatment concomitant hematological and metabolic disorders. Among them, the most common are hypovolemia, acidosis, and prerenal azotemia, which develop as a result of large losses of electrolytes and fluid through the rectum. Because of this infusion therapy and blood transfusions are simply mandatory for such patients.

The goal of treating nonspecific ulcerative colitis:

• Elimination of complications (anemia, infectious inflammation).
• Prescribing special nutritional supplements (they make it possible to ensure normal sexual development and children's growth).
• Relieving and eliminating the symptoms of the disease.
• Controlling and preventing seizures.

Conservative treatment includes, in addition to medications, diet. It must be mechanically gentle and contain increased amount easily digestible proteins in the form of cottage cheese, meat and fish (low-fat). But the consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables is prohibited. You should eat in small portions in small portions. Food must be normal temperature, not cold and not hot. Parenteral nutrition indicated in cases of severe disease.

Drug therapy includes:

• Intravenous infusions to relieve intoxication of the body, normalize water, electrolyte and protein balances.
• . The drugs are prescribed taking into account the sensitivity of the microflora of the large intestine.
• Tranquilizers. With the aim of sedative effect Seduxen and Elenium are prescribed.
• Antidiarrheals. The regimen includes anticholinergic drugs (Platifillin, Belladonna tincture, Solutan), herbal astringents(decoction of pomegranate, blueberry, alder peels).
• Sulfosalazine (Saloftalk) is a drug that is absorbed in the terminal colon. It is administered locally or systemically (suppositories, enemas).
• Corticosteroid hormones. They are administered systemically or as an enema in severe cases.

Surgery

It is resorted to when complications arise in the form of heavy bleeding, colon cancer, absence therapeutic effect from conservative methods, intestinal obstruction, lightning fast shape nonspecific ulcerative colitis with tolerance to treatment, perforation.

Nonspecific ulcerative colitis is a disease in which the tissue of various parts of the intestine becomes inflamed and destroyed. Although the lesion can affect any part of the intestine, the rectum is always involved. The term “nonspecific” means that colitis develops on its own, without specific external reasons. During illness, the intestinal mucosa is covered with numerous ulcers, which is why colitis is called “ulcerative”.

Nonspecific ulcerative colitis, as a rule, has periods of exacerbation and remission. In approximately 50% of cases, a second exacerbation of ulcerative colitis occurs within the next 2 years. IN in rare cases(approximately 10%) exacerbation of ulcerative colitis occurs rarely - once every 25 years.

The main reasons contributing to the development of ulcerative colitis

Reliably the reasons causing this disease, not identified. In many cases, antibodies against intestinal tissue are found in the patient’s blood, that is, intestinal tissue is destroyed under the influence of its own immune system.

Colon dysfunction is caused by pathogens, such as streptococci, salmonella, staphylococci and the like.

It is also assumed that ulcerative colitis of the intestine is hereditary disease. Studies show that the risk of developing ulcerative colitis increases 5-20 times if blood relatives have this disease.

Also among the reasons that can trigger the development of ulcerative colitis are infections of the pancreas, gallbladder, regular use difficult-to-digest foods, alcohol abuse, taking antibiotics, stress, and so on.

How does nonspecific ulcerative colitis manifest itself? What are the main symptoms?

Symptoms of ulcerative colitis depend on the form of the disease. Clinically, ulcerative colitis of the rectum is divided into acute and chronic. Acute ulcerative colitis is rare and can be fulminant or common. Chronic ulcerative colitis can also occur in two forms: continuous and recurrent.

Symptoms of acute ulcerative colitis:

• Cramping abdominal pain and bloating;
• Diarrhea with mucus or blood (rarely there may be pus in the stool);
• Vomit;
• Increase in body temperature to 38-39°C.

Symptoms of chronic ulcerative colitis:

• General weakness;
• Nausea;
• Decreased appetite;
• Abdominal pain that has no localization, radiating to the groin and lower back;
• Constipation followed by diarrhea;

Chronic ulcerative colitis can be extremely severe, with bleeding from ulcers and perforation of the intestinal wall. If you notice symptoms of ulcerative colitis, you should immediately seek medical help.

Colitis in children

Causes and consequences of colitis in children

Ulcerative colitis in children is observed quite rarely, in approximately 15% of cases. total number patients, while early age The disease most often affects boys, and in adolescence – girls.

Ulcerative colitis in children can cause growth retardation, so it is extremely important to take your child to the doctor if he or she experiences frequent attacks diarrhea.

How is ulcerative colitis of the intestine treated? Modern methods and drugs

Nonspecific ulcerative colitis of the rectum is a long-term disease that requires constant maintenance treatment.

Treatment of ulcerative colitis is aimed at quick achievement long-term remission. The basis of treatment is anti-inflammatory drugs:

• glucocorticoid hormones;
• aminosalicylates;
• cytostatics are prescribed only in advanced cases, as they suppress immune system body.

Symptomatic treatment of colitis is carried out using hemostatic agents. If bleeding is heavy, a transfusion of fresh frozen blood plasma and red blood cells may be necessary.

In order to normalize intestinal motility, the patient is prescribed antidiarrheal and antispasmodic drugs.

If complications develop, ulcerative colitis is treated with antibacterial therapy. If the patient is severely malnourished, there is a need for intravenous administration nutritional mixtures.

If conservative treatment methods are ineffective and bleeding from the rectum persists, surgical treatment is prescribed. During surgical intervention The entire colon is removed. This operation is called colectomy; it is performed only on a limited number of patients, since it is mutilating.