What blooms at the beginning. Allergenic plants: when they bloom. What allergies develop in July

The concept of “allergy” was proposed back in 1906 and denoted the characteristics of changes in reactivity. Pirquet, who studied this phenomenon, noticed that there are general and local reactions, with decreased and increased sensitivity.

The condition can periodically go into an exacerbation phase, which is especially common in the summer. Since then, practically nothing has changed and the problem still remains relevant.

Causes

The main cause is an allergen. Depending on the nature and concentration of this substance, pathological changes organism of varying degrees of severity. Sometimes it can be difficult to determine what you are allergic to in June. Allergens are found among:

• plant pollen
• weeds, cereal plants
• fruits, berries
• insects
• pheromones, fluff and animal hair

Summer is a dangerous period, since gardens and vegetable gardens abound in vegetables and fruits, and berries ripen.

Allergies can occur to anything during June. The ground is covered with grass. You should beware of actively reproducing weeds and cereal crops, especially ragweed, since these plants have a powerful sensitizing effect.

Allergies in the first half of June can also be associated with many allergens of animal origin. They accumulate intensively in the air, penetrate through cracks, windows and doors into living spaces and rooms. Many animals experience rutting, and the pheromones released during this process can also cause increased reactivity.

A hidden threat comes from the bites of ticks, flies, wasps, bees, hornets, bumblebees and other insects. Many people relax near rivers and other bodies of water and light fires. If there are allergy sufferers in the family, you need to be careful near water, since duckweed, water lilies, reeds and other representatives of aquatic fauna can be unsafe for health.

There may be snails and mollusks in the water, the shells of which contain allergens. Even in sea water there can be representatives of fauna that can cause serious conditions. Contact with a jellyfish can cause convulsions, vomiting, and suffocation in people prone to anaphylaxis.

The course of allergies in June is complicated by dry air, exposure, the addition of bacterial and viral infection, which can cause unusual, difficult to differentiate symptoms.

Symptoms

Manifestations of allergies in summer can be very diverse. Typical manifestations include cough, sore throat, burning eyes, lacrimation, runny nose, sneezing, swelling of various locations. The atypical ones include the following:

• sudden increase in temperature
• swelling and pain in the joints
• swollen lymph nodes
• pronounced veins and lymphatic vessels
• blisters on the skin
• skin tenderness on palpation
• eczematous lesions of the skin and mucous membranes

Pathogenesis

Among the many allergens, pollen are considered the most active. This is due to the fact that they are easily spread by pollinating insects and the wind, and can settle on the skin, mucous membranes, and respiratory tract. Most often, the pathogenesis develops according to the type of hay fever or hay fever. They affect the human respiratory tract: nasopharynx, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, skin rashes and eye damage develop.

The pathogenesis is based on the principle of hereditary and constitutional predisposition to allergic diseases.

In other words, there is a certain constitution called diathesis. This leads to the fact that the permeability of histohematological barriers increases sharply and changes blood capillaries, and the allergen easily penetrates the tissues and interstitial fluid.

The second mechanism is the high reactivity of the apparatus that produces antibodies, in particular immunoglobulin E. The whole process is complicated by the fact that human ICCs are capable of forming a complex complex with blood proteins and foreign proteins, which has a sensitizing and toxic effect.

All of the above features in combination create a predisposition in the patient. The most common symptoms are urticaria and allergic rhinitis. One person may have a pronounced reaction to only one allergen, while another may experience multiple sensitization. This is due to individual characteristics, which primarily have a genetic predisposition.

Prevention and treatment

Prevention consists of limiting contact with the allergen. It is impossible to completely eliminate it, but it is necessary to create the most comfortable conditions for the patient. Do wet cleaning and vacuuming regularly in the apartment. Clothing and bedding should be made of dense natural fabric. It is not recommended to keep animals in the house. Especially it concerns aquarium fish. It is necessary to undergo regular preventive examinations.

The main radical method of treating allergies is the method of specific hyposensitization. It consists in the fact that first the patient is searched for and discovered the allergen that caused the disease. Then it is gradually administered to the patient subcutaneously. Such injections should be started with minimal concentrations, gradually increasing the dosage.

The patient’s body gradually activates a protective mechanism and the disease goes away. The treatment is long, but this is the only effective method of getting rid of the disease. Antihistamines are used as a supportive agent. A sanatorium-resort treatment may be prescribed. Mountain resorts shown. Resorts with humid sea air are not recommended.

Quite often there are no persistent allergies, but seasonal, appearing only at certain times of the year. This is a typical situation with an allergy to the pollen of certain plants, which occurs only during their flowering period. Let's look at what exactly can cause allergies in late July and early August.

Which one blooms in late July - early August and can cause allergies?

At the end of July, the flowering period of various weeds begins, among which the most common causes of allergies are representatives of goosefoot and grasses.

During this period the following flowers bloom:

• wheatgrass;
• fescue;
• foxtail;
• bluegrass;
• sow thistle;
• tansy;
• sagebrush;
• motherwort;
• sunflower;
• thistle;
• various cereals, including food ones.

The flowering period begins at the beginning of August:

• ambrosia;
• quinoa;
• Marie;
• sorrel.

In addition, nettles may bloom during this period, and in some regions, dandelions and plantains.

It should be taken into account that, depending on the climate and geographical area, the flowering period of individual plants can shift by 7-14 days in any direction.

The most common and potent allergens among these herbs are wormwood, quinoa and ragweed. There are frequent cases of cross-allergy to sunflower and dandelion.

Since the symptoms of any allergy to pollen are the same: allergic runny nose, inflammation of the mucous membranes of the eyes, increased lacrimation, and sometimes the development of asthmatic attacks, it is not possible to independently determine the allergen, and allergy tests are required.

Possible cross allergies in late July - early August

A cross allergy is called when sensitivity to one allergen causes a similar reaction to some other substances or products:

1. Grass pollen- possible allergies to honey, wheat, flour and flour products, semolina and other cereals, alcoholic drinks containing wheat malt (whisky, wheat vodka, beer).
2. Ambrosia- There is almost always a cross-reaction to dandelion and sunflower. It is also possible to be allergic to sunflower products - butter, halva, margarine, and in addition to melon, watermelon, bananas, beets, spinach, honey.


3. Sagebrush- there is a cross reaction to the flowering of garden dahlias, chamomile, sunflower, and dandelion. An allergic reaction to medicinal herbs and preparations made from them is possible, such as calendula, coltsfoot, elecampane, and string. Among food products, cross-reactions to honey, citrus fruits, sunflower products, and chicory are common.
4. Chenozeum herbs (timothy, hedgehog, quinoa)- dandelion, sunflower. Reactions with cereals (including wheat products), melon, beets, tomatoes, and honey are quite common.

Presence on all occasions possible allergies on honey is explained by the fact that it is a product based on flower pollen and nectar, and may contain allergens if collected in the flowering area of ​​the plant to which the allergy is observed.

How to deal with allergies at the end of July - August?

The problem with such allergies is that they can be removed access to the allergen is almost impossible. The only option is to temporarily move to another climate zone, but this is not available to everyone. Therefore, people suffering from seasonal allergies have to take antihistamines throughout the flowering period of a particular plant.

In order to avoid exacerbation of allergies, it is not recommended to go out into nature during the appropriate period; if possible, you should refrain from walking in hot and windy weather; after returning from the street, be sure to wash your face; use air purifiers and humidifiers in the apartment.

womanadvice.ru

In central Russia, there are three main groups of allergenic plants: deciduous trees (coniferous trees, with the exception of Japanese cedar, do not cause allergies), cereals and weeds.

Deciduous plants that cause hay fever: birch, hazel, oak, alder, elm, ash, maple, linden, usually bloom in April-May, although sometimes they begin as early as March. Allergies to cereal grasses, such as: meadow bluegrass, cocksfoot, foxtail, timothy, fescue, ryegrass, are usually noted in June-July. The third wave of pollen allergies begins when weeds bloom in August and spreads from the southern borders of Russia to the north.

Perhaps the most famous representative allergenic weeds - ragweed. This weed does not live up to its “paradise” name and produces huge amounts of highly allergenic pollen.

What to do?

The most effective way to avoid painful allergic reaction- exclude contact with the allergen. It would be best to go to another climatic zone during the peak of flowering (taking into account the flowering calendar in the area). If this is not possible, then it is advisable to minimize the possibility of the allergen getting on the skin, mucous membranes or through the respiratory tract. After coming home, it is necessary to change clothes, and wash clothes that may have gotten pollen on them. It would be a good idea to use air filters and humidifiers in the room, which helps reduce the concentration of allergens in the air.
If a weed has appeared in your summer cottage, it is advisable to take measures to exterminate it. . In large cities, pollen levels in the air are monitored. You can find out this information via the Internet and avoid exposure to particularly dangerous concentrations of pollen that are allergenic to you.

Of course, you can’t do without medication for hay fever: pollen still gets into your nose and it will get in your eyes. The most effective for hay fever are antihistamines (in tablets or in the form of drops and sprays), and in severe cases - local hormonal preparations (for the eyes and nose). Should not be abused vasoconstrictor drops(galazolin, naphthyzin, etc.) - they quickly stop helping, because with their frequent use the mucous membrane respiratory tract begins to atrophy.

Another important issue is cross-reactions to food products in people suffering from pollen allergies. Symptoms of hay fever may occur when eating fruits or other parts of allergenic plants, as well as related products. So, with an allergy to birch pollen, people very often cannot tolerate apples, pears, carrots, celery, and nuts. For any hay fever, honey is contraindicated, as it can contain a wide variety of pollen types.

If you have an allergy to pollen for the first time or have previously manifested it, but now its course has become more severe: attacks have become more frequent, new manifestations of allergies have appeared, old medications have ceased to help - you should immediately contact a specialist - an allergist. Today there are effective methods treatments for hay fever that help get rid of this problem.

otvet.mail.ru

• Roots of the problem
• Fighting pollen allergies

Roots of the problem

Any person suffering from an allergic disease has at least once encountered an allergen - a substance that he cannot tolerate without health consequences. During this first meeting, the antigen that entered the blood caused a reaction of the immune system - its structure was recognized and remembered by special cells. Moreover, antibodies corresponding only to this antigen were developed, as a weapon in case of the next meeting.

An antigen that enters the body for the second and subsequent times is attacked by many prudently “prepared” antibodies. With allergies, the consequences of the immune “battle” become disastrous for the body - antigen-antibody complexes irritate special cells, which leads to the release active substances. Under their influence, blood vessels dilate, tissues swell, and a large number of mucus from the corresponding glands.

Since in our case we are talking about an allergy to pollen, which enters the body when it is inhaled along with the air, the place of manifestation of all reactions will be the mucous membrane of the nose, pharynx, bronchi, and also the eyes (conjunctiva). A runny nose develops with constant sneezing and copious discharge of watery mucus, difficulty breathing, asthma attacks, coughing, eye irritation and watery eyes. Possible manifestations skin allergies: rashes accompanied by swelling and severe itching.

Summer flowering and its surprises

It is useful for a patient with hypersensitivity to pollen to know what they may be allergic to in July. Of course, the climatic zone and species composition of the local flora are of decisive importance. In the temperate climate zone, mid-summer marks the peak of flowering of meadow grasses and cereals and the beginning of dusting of some weeds.

Weather conditions are important. In warm, dry weather and strong wind Microscopic pollen can be carried over vast distances (up to hundreds of kilometers) and penetrate into the home through the narrowest cracks. Rain significantly reduces the saturation of air with pollen, driving it to the ground.

So, the following plants can cause the main troubles for allergy sufferers at the height of summer: bluegrass, foxtail, hedgehog, nettle, rye, wormwood, ragweed, fescue, plantain, quinoa, ash plant, etc.

Fighting pollen allergies

Patients who are allergic to blooms can significantly reduce unpleasant manifestations diseases with rational behavior.

It is advisable to start prophylactic appointment antihistamines, which significantly reduce sensitivity to histamine, the main culprit in the symptoms of all allergic reactions. You can take suprastin, diazolin and other blockers histamine receptors. The possible side effects of these drugs, such as drowsiness and decreased reaction speed, should be taken into account. New generation drugs that are free of sedation (Claritin, Telfast) are suitable for transport drivers.

Important It has limiting contact with antigen. It is necessary to avoid places with abundant flowering of grasses and other allergenic flora. The ideal option for a patient whose allergies began in July would be to temporarily move to an area free of “dangerous” plants.

Indoors, it is necessary to install protective filters, do not allow pollen to pass through, wet cleaning and ventilation, application air purifiers.

To reduce swelling of the nasal mucosa, mucus secretion and lacrimation during exacerbation of the disease, nasal and eye drops with antihistamine and vasoconstrictor effect (naphthyzin, galazolin, sanorin). You should remember about the rapid development of addiction to these drugs, which cannot be used for a long time.

Hypoallergenic diet is prescribed taking into account what pollen provides cross allergy with a range of products. What blooms in July (mainly meadow grasses) has common antigenic properties with products made from food grains. It is necessary to limit the consumption of bread and various cereals, except buckwheat (buckwheat is not a grain). The use of honey is minimized or stopped, since many of its varieties are of cereal origin.

Outside the peak of plant flowering, patients who are allergic to pollen should take preventive measures to reduce sensitization (sensitivity to the allergen) of the body. This may be allergen-specific immunotherapy under medical supervision. In addition, a constant hypoallergenic diet and a cautious attitude towards medicines based on herbal raw materials (herbal medicines) are indicated.

allergolife.ru

Allergy to pollen

Rabbit eyes, crocodile tears, snot drool english bulldog, chronic smoker's cough, choking. In a word, you have hay fever. Hay fever that is. Seasonal allergic rhinitis from pollen from numerous representatives of the flora happily blooming on the planet.

Hay fever is a form allergic diseases caused by pollen from wind-pollinated flowering plants. Hay fever (hay fever, pollen bronchial asthma) are seasonal in nature and continue throughout the entire flowering period of plants - sources of pollen - from May-June (flowering trees: alder, birch, poplar) to October (blooming weeds: quinoa, wormwood).

Allergens from plant pollen are among the most common reasons allergies. More than 700 species of such allergenic plants are known. The maximum concentration of pollen, which plants produce in huge quantities, usually occurs in the early morning hours. Favorable conditions for plant dusting are warm, sunny weather and sufficient humidity. Dry and rainy weather, in turn, disrupts the processes of pollen maturation and production and contributes to a sharp decrease (even to the point of absence) of its concentration in the air. Naturally, each region has its own plant dusting schedule.

The clinical picture of hay fever is characterized by a complex of symptoms: acute rhinitis (runny nose, sneezing attacks), difficulty in nasal breathing, conjunctivitis (inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eyes), lacrimation, photophobia, itching in the throat, cough, attacks of suffocation. When consuming an allergen with food, damage to the gastrointestinal tract may develop: nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea. Therefore, it is advisable for patients with hay fever to completely abandon a number of products, primarily honey, which contains up to 10% pollen, and consult an allergist as soon as possible.

Statistics show: 50% of hay fever victims develop the disease before the age of 15, and 90% before the age of 30. Just don't be dramatic. Not everything is so scary, especially if none of your ancestors suffered from anything like this. In the vast majority of cases, hay fever is a consequence of a genetic predisposition to disorders of the mucous membranes and, as a result, to such a sharp and merciless reaction of the body to the penetration of pollen. Alas, as the ecology of the streets of our cities does not improve at all due to exhaust from cars and other industrial facilities, the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract can malfunction even in completely genetically healthy people. And again, don’t panic: this may be a one-time reaction to too much high concentration any allergen in a given place and in given time, which may never happen again. But it may also be signs of hay fever. It is suspicious if a runny nose lasts for several days, but the temperature is normal and there is no cough. This is already a reason to take measures to prevent an exacerbation.

So how to avoid exacerbation of hay fever? The answer at first glance is very simple: avoid contact with allergens. It is best to go to a place where flowering has not yet begun or has already ended, or where it does not occur at all (mountain and sea resorts, for example). However, this is not always possible. And if you stay at home, try not to go outside in hot and windy weather, don’t go out of town (you can pay dearly for breathing in full fresh air), if possible, use air purifiers or air conditioners. In order to feel more comfortable at home, replace all natural carpets with synthetic ones and use a vacuum cleaner, preferably a washing one, as often as possible. Don't bring home bouquets of wildflowers. Rinse your nose and eyes warm water.

By the way, during an exacerbation, the risk of an allergic reaction to other irritants, including house dust, animal hair and saliva, food, and medicines sharply increases. So pay attention to these potential allergens as well. But the main thing is to boost your immunity.

What could you be allergic to in June?

In June you can often find people sneezing and feeling completely winter-like. Perhaps you don’t need to meet anyone, but this is happening to you. At the same time, the nose also runs. In some cases similar manifestations may be accompanied by swelling of the eyelids, lacrimation, choking, sore throat and other unpleasant sensations. These are all manifestations of the allergic disease hay fever. provoked by plant pollen.

The ideal treatment for such manifestations is to avoid contact with the allergen.

If the amount of pollen in the air crosses a certain threshold, an exacerbation of hay fever develops, and here experts attach great importance to weather conditions. In hot, windy and dry weather, the number of pollen particles in the air increases, and with increased humidity and rain, the concentration of these microscopic elements, and therefore the risk of developing allergic reactions, becomes less.

What plants are you allergic to in June?

The answer to the question about the most dangerous plants for allergy sufferers in June can be found in the dust calendar, which is compiled on the basis of long-term analyzes of air samples taken using special traps.

The dust calendar is different for different regions. In the middle zone of the Northern Hemisphere in June, the air may contain pollen from linden, spruce and Scots pine, common foxtail, common timothy, hedgehog, creeping wheatgrass, meadow fescue, and tannic sumac.

If symptoms of hay fever occur, you should determine which plants bloom in June in the area where a person lives. Every time, going out into “fresh air” that contains pollen, a person susceptible to allergies will feel its effects. Allergy symptoms can also appear in indoors, since, especially in windy weather, particles may well penetrate there through cracks, as well as windows and doors, usually when open in warm weather.

If possible, take a vacation during the period of maximum allergenic conditions and spend it in a climatic region with a different dust calendar. And vice versa, when going on your next vacation, find out everything about the dust calendar of the climate zone where you intend to improve your health. The pollen concentration is obviously lower on the coast and in the air of the mountains. If you cannot leave your climate zone during the dusting period, try not to go “out into nature” during this time.

On hot, dry days and early in the morning, the pollen concentration is noticeably higher, and at this time you should not open windows or go outside, and if you do go there, change your clothes when you return home. It is necessary to ventilate the premises, but it is preferable to do this in the evening, in calm weather or immediately after rain.

In case of exacerbation of hay fever, you should gargle with a solution of table salt and rinse the nasal cavity several times a day. Sterilized sea water preparations are also good. Regular wet cleaning is very important, which should be done every day or at least every other day. Do not dry things in the yard or on the balcony during this period, as pollen may collect on them.

Hypersensitive people with exacerbation of hay fever cannot be vaccinated; in addition, elective operations are prohibited. Heavy psycho-emotional and physical stress should be avoided in every possible way. Doctors recommend adhering to a special hypoallergenic diet, and its composition is determined by the type of allergy. It is also recommended to keep a diary to record the dates of appearance and disappearance of symptoms, the intensity of manifestations and the treatment provided.

With hay fever, one should not forget about the existence of allergists. It is recommended to be monitored and receive consultations about a couple of weeks before the expected seasonal exacerbation. Among other things, the doctor may prescribe prophylactic drugs against allergies, which should be consumed before the end of dusting of plants that cause allergic reactions. If signs of the disease appear, it is necessary to consult with an allergist again, who will adjust the treatment regimen and, possibly, prescribe additional medications. However, severe manifestations of hay fever may require hospitalization.

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Allergies in June

Allergies often begin in the spring, and by June they are already in full bloom. Coughing, sneezing, stuffy nose, watery eyes - these are the most common symptoms from which allergy sufferers who curse poplar fluff suffer. Most calls to doctors complaining of allergic symptoms occur when many patients experience allergies in June. During this period, many cereal plants bloom, and the highest concentration of pollen is observed in the air. That's exactly what she is real reason allergies, poplar fluff is just its carrier. Flakes of fluff, flying in the air, collect many particles of pollen, and when it gets on the mucous membrane, it provokes allergic rhinoconjunctivitis.

The main causes of summer allergies

According to doctors, in June, most patients complain of allergic irritation of the nasopharynx and eyes. But some suffer from skin reactions or even acute attacks that pose a serious threat to health.

For an allergy sufferer, it is important to know how the body reacts to a particular allergen, and which plants provoke the development of the disease. This will help you prepare in advance for the period of their flowering, take preventive measures and avoid acute allergy attacks.

For those who have not yet thoroughly studied the causes of their allergic reaction, doctors have compiled a flowering calendar of the most famous allergenic plants. Please note that these dates may shift by a week or two depending on weather conditions.

From April 15 to April 30, the following flowers bloom: hazel, willow, alder, and elm. Later, from May 1 to May 20 - aspen, poplar, maple, birch. From May 24 to June 5, pine blooms, then, until June 26, brome and foxtail bloom. Dandelion - from June 5 to June 15. Oak blooms on May 22-24, and linden blooms from June 20 to July 5. Hedgehog, fescue and wheatgrass - from July 5 to July 25. Ragweed, wormwood, quinoa, timothy and bluegrass bloom from September 1st to 15th.

Pollen can also cause oral allergy syndrome. Some people suffering from hay fever ( seasonal allergies pollen), swelling and itching appear. burning in the throat, tingling of the tongue or lips after eating fresh vegetables and fruits.

Airborne allergens also trigger asthma attacks. At the same time, the airways narrow, breathing becomes difficult, and characteristic wheezing and coughing appear.

There are other types of allergies that appear in the summer. A common cause is insect bites. As a rule, allergic reactions in these cases manifest themselves in a mild form, limited to itching and local edema. But sometimes the consequences can be much more serious - drowsiness or insomnia, swelling of the throat, tongue and shock. Similar cases require immediate medical attention.

How to treat summer allergies in the summer?

June allergies cannot be cured instantly. During the summer period, allergists generally do not recommend carrying out active interventions in the body’s functioning. You can only try to alleviate your condition.

A few simple rules will help you with this:

• spend less time on the street during the day;
• wear sunglasses;
• if possible, walk after rain and avoid dry weather;
• rinse the nasopharynx daily with special sprays or solutions with brackish water to remove pollen;
• cover the windows with a damp cloth to prevent street dust from entering the house;
• carry out wet cleaning daily;
• give up flowering indoor plants and do not bring bouquets home.

You are lucky if only a few types of plants are allergens for you. In this case, summer allergies will be short-lived. However, if there are a lot of irritants, then the disease can become protracted and last from April to August.

Allergy medications

Antihistamines are used in antiallergic therapy. They block the release of histamine, the culprit of most unpleasant symptoms. Thus, these drugs help relieve swelling, muscle spasms in asthma, eliminate skin rashes and tearfulness. Today there are many dosage forms: drops, tablets, sprays, syrups, capsules and ointments.

• Antihistamine ointments (fenistil, elidel);
• Akrivastine (trade name - Semprex)
• Fexofnenadine (trade name - Telfast)
• Anorin-analergin (nasal drops);
• Desloratadine (trade name: Neoclarityn)
• Cetrizine (trade name - Zyrtec)
• Mizolastine (trade name Mistamine)

zdorovajasemja.ru

hay fever(from the English pollen - pollen) - a genetically determined disease that occurs in individuals with an allergic predisposition in response to repeated inhalation of pollen allergen; it is characterized by strict seasonality in the manifestations of clinical symptoms and often by damage to many body systems;

hay fever- one of the most common allergic diseases, occurring in 2-20% of the population; The first official report of a case of allergic seasonal eye disease dates back to 1819;

the disease was first given a name "hay fever", since hay was considered its cause;

Of the several thousand plant species common on the globe, only about 50 produce pollen, which causes hay fever; These are mainly wind-pollinated plants that secrete huge amounts of small (0.02-0.04 mm) pollen, carried by the wind over long distances;

prevalence hay fever is 5-7 cases per 100 inhabitants;

hay fever As a rule, people of working age get sick - from 20 to 40 years.

It's a busy time in allergy clinics: the end of April - beginning of June marks the first peak of hay fever. It is associated with the flowering of trees such as birch, hazel, alder, and less commonly - maple, elm, and oak. This type of hay fever is also called “wooden hay fever.” The next peak of exacerbation of the disease - mid-June-July - is associated with an allergy to the pollen of cereal meadow grasses: bluegrass, timothy, fescue, etc. (and subsequently - to hay from these grasses). This is followed by the peak of hay fever associated with the flowering of weeds, which occurs at the end of July - August, and sometimes throughout September; The allergen is pollen from asteraceous plants: wormwood, ragweed, Chernobyl, or, more simply, those that have yellow flowers (chamomile, tansy, calendula, sunflower, etc.) and goosefoot (quinoa). It should be noted that with an allergy to Asteraceae, an exacerbation of hay fever can occur much earlier: for example, dandelion blooms from May to June. By the way, according to scientists, the most dangerous plant for allergy sufferers is wormwood. Up to 40% of those suffering from hay fever are not friends with her.

Hay fever is often mistakenly associated with poplar fluff (seeds), but today science claims that poplar has nothing to do with it (or almost nothing to do with it). It is not an allergen in itself, but can carry pollen. By the way, the reservoirs and carriers of all these allergenic delights can be cats and dogs, to whose fur no allergies have been previously noticed.

But why are some people susceptible to hay fever and others not?

For the development of the disease, a special factor is needed, namely the presence in the human body of certain protein-antibodies, which, like a key to a lock, fit the surface allergenic structure of pollen. By combining, the allergen and antibody cause an explosion on the surface of the cell, forming a local immunological war. Its result is the release from the cell of very strong, biologically active substances that cause allergic inflammation: severe itching, swelling, redness, and in the lower respiratory tract - bronchospasm.

But, you may object, everyone comes into contact with plant pollen, but not everyone gets sick. Why?

Hay fever is considered a genetically determined disease: some people are born with a predisposition to allergies because they have immunological disorders. But predisposition does not mean disease. However, the higher the antigenic load on the body, the higher the likelihood of developing allergies, including hay fever. Pollution also plays a role here. environment, and unhealthy diet, and smoking, and drugs household chemicals, and animals. And one day, an allergy-prone body becomes unable to resist all the allergens that surround it, and then allergies manifest themselves in one form or another (in particular, hay fever).

The immune system with a hereditary defect mistakes completely harmless pollen of flowering grasses and trees, penetrating through damaged mucous membranes of the respiratory tract, for a mortal enemy, and begins to quickly produce antibodies, histamine, serotonin, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, etc. Without detecting a real enemy in the form of a virus or bacteria , they all start acting up. The consequences are manifested by hay fever.

Statistics show: 50% of hay fever victims develop the disease before the age of 15, and 90% before the age of 30. You can calculate your chances of acquiring hay fever.

But, alas, as the ecology of our cities deteriorates, the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract can malfunction not only in genetically predisposed, but also in completely genetically healthy people. This may be a one-time reaction to too high a concentration of any allergen in a given place and at a given time. And this reaction may never happen again. But only an allergist can make a forecast with confidence. He will question you in detail, put allergy tests, will check the blood for antibodies. All this must be done while there is no exacerbation.

One would expect that rural residents suffer from hay fever more often and more severely; in fact, it turns out that city dwellers are more susceptible to it; they suffer from hay fever four to six times more often because they live in worse environmental conditions, are more likely to find themselves in stressful situations, and suffer more from chronic diseases respiratory tract.

Clinical manifestations hay fever varied. The mucous membranes of the eyes and upper respiratory tract - nose and nasopharynx - are most often affected. Patients complain of itching and redness of the eyelids, a feeling of “sand in the eyes,” swelling of the eyelids, lacrimation, and photophobia. At the same time, uncontrollable attacks of sneezing begin, itching in the nose, nasopharynx, ear canals, profuse watery discharge from the nose, alternating with nasal congestion, difficulty breathing through the nose, patients often have to breathe through the mouth. Hay fever occurs much less frequently skin reactions, for example urticaria. And the most severe manifestation of this disease is bronchial asthma. In patients with hay fever, the ability to work is reduced, and general symptoms of pollen intoxication appear: headache, malaise, pronounced asthenic syndrome. All this tires, irritates, causes insomnia, and reduces performance. Hay fever should be distinguished from the common cold and seasonal rhinitis caused by rhinoviruses, because the symptoms are largely similar: for hay fever, seasonality is typical. If the same symptoms appear at the same time every year, then most likely it is hay fever. Then, with this disease, the remedies used for colds do not give any effect. And one more thing: in calm, cloudy weather, or in the rain, patients with hay fever feel much better, but on sunny and especially windy days their condition worsens. After the rain there is practically no pollen in the air, and a quick, truly magical healing occurs.

But it’s still better to consult specialists, allergists. They will make an accurate diagnosis and prescribe appropriate treatment.

Typically, the duration of an exacerbation of hay fever is two to three weeks. It’s worse if a person has a combined allergy, for example, to both tree pollen and cereal pollen, then relief will have to wait until mid-July. In cases of allergy to pollen and Asteraceae, the disease will last from April to September. The main contingent of patients in allergy clinics consists of such sufferers. Let us note right away: if they are treated persistently and consistently, they achieve very effective results.

With a severe progressive course of hay fever, two to four years from the onset of the disease and without treatment, attacks of suffocation may occur - pollen bronchial asthma. Usually it joins existing rhinitis and conjunctivitis.

How to avoid exacerbation of hay fever?

The answer, at first glance, is very simple: avoid contact with allergens. It is best to go to places where flowering has not yet begun or has already ended, or where it does not occur at all (mountain and sea resorts, for example). However, this is not always possible. And if you stay at home, try not to go outside in hot and windy weather, do not travel outside the city, and use air purifiers or air conditioners if possible.

In order to feel more comfortable at home, replace all natural carpets with synthetic ones and use a vacuum cleaner, preferably a washing one, as often as possible. Rinse your nose and eyes with warm water. And remember that during the period of exacerbation, the risk of an allergic reaction to other irritants, including house dust, animal hair and saliva, food, and medications increases sharply.

If “everyday” measures are clearly not enough, you will have to resort to drug prophylaxis: There are all kinds of intranasal sprays, eye drops, powders and aerosols for inhalation, capsules and tablets. All of them contain specific anti-allergic components and are aimed at protecting your most vulnerable areas. But before consuming them, be sure to consult an allergist.

Main method treatment with hay fever is the so-called specific immunotherapy, or hyposensitization. This method involves administering allergen vaccines (allergens) to a person, starting with small doses and gradually increasing them. As a result, the body loses sensitivity to these allergens and ceases to actively produce antibodies in response to their aggression; resistance to certain allergens develops. Scientists believe that this method is especially effective on early stages diseases.

This treatment is carried out outside the exacerbation of the disease, usually in the autumn-winter period. It is, of course, long-term, at least three years. But patients should remember that if left untreated, the range of causative allergens may expand, and new symptoms of the disease may appear, especially such a terrible manifestation as bronchial asthma. Food allergies may appear or intensify, and the period of exacerbation may lengthen. That is, allergy vaccination not only relieves existing symptoms, but also prevents further worsening of the disease. The effectiveness of treatment with this method is high - from 60 to 90%.

During exacerbations, antiallergic drugs are used. The main group of drugs is antihistamines. Eat modern drugs with fast and strong effect. But you should not engage in self-medication, guided by advertising: only a doctor is able to assess the entire picture of the disease and select individual scheme treatment. After all, for each drug there are both indications and contraindications; There are drugs that cannot be combined with antibiotics, with antifungal agents; there are restrictions on concomitant diseases.

Hay fever occurs seasonally and quickly stops when the climate zone changes (for example, the patient leaves Mariupol for Kyiv) and when the weather changes: from dry, sunny to cloudy, rainy. We advise patients with hay fever to make friends with water. During an exacerbation, when you come home, first of all, wash your face, rinse your nose, rinse your mouth, and before going to bed, be sure to take a shower, it is advisable to rinse your hair as well, since this is where the most pollen accumulates. During this period, you should also cover the windows with gauze and wipe the window sill and floor near the windows with a damp cloth more often. And of course, no trips outside the city, especially with overnight stays in the forest and fields. Patients with hay fever in the summer can be advised to wear dark glasses and not open the car windows. Women should avoid cosmetics during an exacerbation.

With hay fever, food intolerance, the so-called cross food allergy, can also occur. It is more common with wooden hay fever. Patients often say that they cannot eat apples, pears, nuts, and stone fruits (peaches, apricots). This happens because pollen allergies cause increased sensitivity to the whole plant: bark, leaves, fruits. And therefore, during periods of exacerbation, it is recommended allergen-free diet. If there is, for example, an allergy to grass pollen, then it is necessary to exclude products that contain grains. If you are allergic to weed pollen, limit sunflower oil. Herbal medicine should not be used for hay fever. If you are allergic to Asteraceae, you should not eat sunflower seeds, halva, mustard; dry wines, especially champagne, are poorly tolerated. People sensitive to grass pollen may react to rice, corn, wheat vodka, and flour.

Hay fever, like any other allergy (asthma, eczema), is a disease of the immune system and is therefore non-contagious.

Unfortunately, the number of allergic diseases around the world is growing every year. Hay fever does not go away on its own without treatment. Don't let it darken your life!

Perennial flowers in the garden have clear advantages over annual ones: you don’t need to plant them every year, they are highly decorative and, finally, by choosing the right plants, you can achieve not only the perfection of colors, but also constant flowering in your garden from early spring to late autumn.

When composing a flower arrangement, in addition to the timing of flowering, you also need to take into account the size of the plants, the structure and color of their inflorescences.

Did you know? Perennial garden flowers distinguished by height - short (up to 50 cm), medium-tall (50 - 80 cm) and tall (80 cm and above); by type of roots - tuberous, rhizomatous, bulbous, corm.

Perennials blooming in spring

Spring flowers in the country are low-growing ornamental plants; they bloom with small flowers (usually in pastel colors). The timing and duration of flowering strongly depend on weather conditions (early or late spring, warm or cold weather).

Adonis (lat. Adonis) - has about 45 species of annual and perennial plants. Actively used in park and garden art from the 17th century. Blooms in the second half of spring. Stems simple or branched. The inflorescence is a simple basket. The flowers are bright yellow (sometimes red) with glossy petals, solitary (up to 8 outer tepals).

Winter-hardy plant, grows well in open, illuminated places (allowed slight dimming). The preferred soil is light, moist, with organic matter and lime. Adonis really does not like transplants (if necessary, transplant with a clod of earth).

Adonis perennials are most often found in culture:

• downy adonis (A. villosa)- blooms in May, has pubescent stems, reaches a height of up to 30 cm;
• spring adonis (A. vernalis) or adonis- blooms in late April - early May, the only one medicinal type adonis (often used as a component of heart medications);

• Adonis Amur (A. Amurensis)- characterized by early flowering, bare stems, leaves with long petioles. Japanese breeders have created several hybrids (hinomoto - orange shades, benten - white petals, ramosa - brown with red, etc.).

Important! Adonis is listed in the Red Book and is protected by law. Adonis roots are poisonous (should be taken into account when used independently in treatment). Toxicity protects the plant from pests.

Hyacinth

Oriental hyacinth (Hyacinthus orientalis) has served as the basis for more than 400 ornamental varieties of hyacinths.

Hyacinths are bulbous; after flowering the green stem dries out. Flowers on a thin peduncle are collected in the form of a brush. They are simple, double and multi-flowered.

Hyacinths prefer illuminated, flat (with a slight slope), protected from the wind areas, with light fertile soils. The groundwater level is at least 50 cm. Although in open ground hyacinths are practically not susceptible to pests and diseases, care must be constant (loosen the soil 2-3 times, 3 times, before flowering, during the formation of buds and at the end of flowering - add fertilizer , water periodically).
Simple hyacinths vary in color and are divided into 6 groups:

• white(“Argentina”, “Carnegie”, “Linnosance”, etc.);
• pink(“Pink Pearl”, “Fondant”, “Anna Marie”, etc.);
• red(“General Pelissier”, “La Victoire”, etc.);
• blue(“Myosotis”, “Maria”, “King Lake Blues”, etc.);
• lilac/violet(“Amethyst”, “Bismarck”, “Lord Balfour”);
• yellow/orange(“Yellow Hammer”, “Orange Bowen”).

Did you know? The selection of the only black hyacinth variety, Midnight Mystique, lasted more than 16 years. The new variety was first introduced in 2005 by Thompson Morgan.

Among the terry hyacinths, the most famous are “Prince Arthur”, “Madame Sophie”, “Grootvorst”, “Edison”, “Sun Flower”, etc.; from multi-flowered ones - “Pink Pink Festival”, “White White Festival”, “Blue Blue Festival”).

Crocus

Crocuses (Crocus) are low-growing perennials, blooming in spring and autumn (varieties of the saffron crocus and beautiful crocus species), corms (about 80 species), with basal leaves. Spring crocus (C. Vernus) is one of the progenitors of cultivated varieties. Since the end of the 19th century, more than 50 ornamental varieties have been bred. These plants are good honey plants. They bloom in March-April. Crocus has been known to mankind for thousands of years, because it is from it that the most expensive seasoning, saffron, is obtained.
Crocuses love a lot of sun and light, fertile soil. The plant is not afraid of wind. It looks most decorative in groups of several dozen to hundreds of flowers.

Important! Until the crocus leaves completely wither, they cannot be cut (or mowed), since thanks to them the roots accumulate nutrients for the next season.

Among the most popular varieties are the lilac-white “Vangard”, purple “Purpureus grandiflorus”, pale lilac “Ruby Giant”, yellow “Queen of the Blues”, white “Joan of Arc”, etc.

Narcissus (Narcissus) - from the Greek “narke” - “intoxicating smell”. A bulbous plant of the Amaryllis family, which includes more than 40 species, hundreds of varieties and hybrids.

All daffodils have straight stalks without leaves, large erect (drooping) one- or two-color flowers. The leaves are thin basal. They bloom in March-April.

Did you know? The Persians were the first to cultivate daffodils. In Persian poetry, the narcissus personified the eyes of a beloved. In ancient Greek mythology, there is a myth about the origin of the flower - the young man Narcissus fell in love with his own reflection and died of unrequited love. At the place of his death, beautiful flowers of death bloomed. In ancient Rome, daffodils were awarded to winners.

The classification of narcissists is quite complex, and they can be:

• tubular- named because of the tube-shaped corolla. They grow in height from 15 to 45 cm (“Mount Hood”, “King Alfred”, “Lilliput”, etc. (colors white, yellow-white, yellow);

• large-crowned- the corolla has a size of about a third of the length of the petals. Height - 60 cm (“Salome”, “Carlton”, etc. (yellow, two-tone with an orange crown and white colors);

• finely crowned- a small crown has the shape of a cup. Height - up to 45 cm. Blooms in May. The coloring is two-tone, the crown is orange (“Barrett Browning”).

• terry- there is no tube, the leaves near the flower bed are arranged in several circles (“Acropolis”, “Tahiti”, “Rip Van Winkle”, etc.);

• triandrusaceae- the name comes from the narcissus Triandus. The inflorescences consist of several drooping flowers. Height - 30 cm (“Liberty Bells”, “Ice Wings”, “Havera”);

• jonquil-shaped- from narcissus Jonquil. They bloom from April. They have thin leaves and delicate flowers in racemes. Height - 20-30 cm. Famous varieties - “Belle Song”, “Baby Moon”, etc.
  • tacetoid- 4-6 flowers grow on one peduncle. Height - 45 cm. Easily tolerates temperature changes. Famous ones are “Grand Solee d’Or”, “Geranium”, “Gregford”, etc.
  • poetic- traditional colors, bloom later than all daffodils. Height - 50 cm. Known - “Red Rome”, “Aktay”, “Sarchedon”, etc.
  • split-crown- a hybrid form with a red crown and three-color colors. Height - 50 cm (“Pink Wonder”, “Valdrom”, “Cassata”, “Orangerie”);
  • new varieties, first of all, these are orchid daffodils - the crown with deep cuts has bent lobes.

  Tulip

  Tulip (Tulipa) is a bulbous herbaceous plant. The bulb has a flat bottom and a sharp top. There are 12 oval leaves on the stem. The height of the stem can reach from 15 to 70 cm. The flower consists of six petals. Pigmentation - single-color, mixed or two-color.
  Tulips are perennial garden flowers that love sunny areas (without drafts), neutral fertile soils and moisture.

  Tulips are classified according to their flowering time:

  • early flowering(begin to bloom in March) - simple tulips (popular varieties - "Duke van Tol" (red with a border), "Candy Prince" (lilac) and double (diameter of double flowers - from 8 to 10 cm. Popular varieties - "Monte Carlo "(yellow), "Abba" (red in color, blooms for 15 days, the smallest of the tulips, reaching a height of only 10 cm);
  • medium flowering(April-early May) - Triumph tulips (“Blenda Flame”; Darwin hybrids (“Blushing Apeldoorn” in orange shades);
  
  

  Additionally, three more classes are distinguished:

  • Kaufman(bloom in March, height up to 32 cm, goblet shape, monochrome and two-color color);
  • Foster(has large flowers (18 cm) on short stems, blooming in early April);
  • Greig(with dark red patterns on the leaves).

  Important! After the flowering period ends, when the stemswill dry out andturn yellow by 2/3, it is advisable to dig up the tulip bulbs. They are dried, treated with a fungicide and stored in dry and ventilated areas at temperatures from +17 to +20° C. In this case, the flowers will be healthy and strong.

  Perennials that bloom all summer

  Perennials that bloom all summer are the largest group of light-loving flower species, distinguished by a variety of varieties and duration of flowering.

  Pansies (50 species) are perennial plants, characterized by abundant flowering. Height - 15-30 cm, flowers of a wide variety of colors. The two most famous types of pansies are called the tricolor violet (Viola tricolor) and the Wittrock violet (Víola wittrokiana), which has larger flowers.
  The flower loves sunlight and moist loam. Needs frequent feeding (superphosphate). You can extend the flowering time by removing the seed pods.

  The following varieties are distinguished:

  • small-flowered(3-4 cm) (“Snow Maiden”, “Blue Boy”, “Little Red Riding Hood”);
  • grandiflora(up to 6 cm) (“Winter Sun”, “Heavenly Queen”, “Ice King”, “Jupiter”);
  • gigantic(7-8 cm), represented by the varieties “Blue”, “White”, “Golden-yellow”.

  Did you know? In the Middle Ages they believed: in order to achieve love forever, it is enough to lubricate the eyelids of a sleeping person with the juice of this plant and wait for him to awaken. In Europe, lovers gave each other pansies when they parted. In England, with the help of this flower, shy young men explained their feelings: they just had to sendbelovedflower with your name.

  Astilbe is a perennial herbaceous plant, of which only 10 are cultivated among all species (about 30). Flowering begins in June-July. The stems are straight (height from 8 to 200 cm), the basal leaves are green or red-green (the outer part of the plant dies off in the winter). Blooms in panicle inflorescences with small flowers(colors - pink, white, red, lilac).
  Loves shady places, fertile and loose soil, frequent watering.

  Popular varieties of astilbe:

  • hybrid astilbe "Arendsa"(A. x arendsii) - blooms from July to August, reaches a height of 60-100 cm, and is distinguished by a thin stem with jagged leaves. The color of Astilbe inflorescences varies depending on the varieties - “Bresingham Beauty” (pink), “Fire” (red), “Germany” (white), “Federsi” (pale pink), etc.;
  • David(A. Davadii) - blooms in early July, red flowers;
  • Thunberg(A. Thunbergii) - blooms in early July, pink-red flowers;
  • Japanese(A. Japonica) - flowering in May-June, height - 3–40 cm, flowers white and pink. On its basis, up to a dozen other varieties have been bred (“Montgomery”, “Koblenz”, “Lara”, etc. with flowering in June-July);
  • Chinese(A. Chinensis) - blooms in July-August, flowers are lilac, white, pink.

  Astrantia (Astrāntia), star - shrubby perennial flowers. The most popular in cultivation is the large astrantia (A. major). It is unpretentious and grows on any soil (the better the soil, the more lush the bush). It blooms all summer and is a good honey plant. Winter and cold resistant. Tolerates drought. Does not require transplants. Resistant to diseases and pests.
  The most popular varieties:

  • "Hadspen Blood"(blooms in May - August, height 75-80 cm, loves light shade);
  • "Moulin rouge"(cherry blossoms bloom from June to August (the color fades in the shade).

    Armeria (Armeria) - blooms from May to September, height from 15 to 60 cm, numerous basal leaves form clumps (pillows), has a smooth straight stem. It blooms in inflorescences of small flowers (red, pink, white and purple). It tolerates drought well, while being a cold-resistant plant that does not like too much water.
    Popular types:

    • armeria seaside(A. Maritima) - height - 20 cm, purple inflorescences (“Dusseldorf Stolz”, “Bloodstone”, “Rosa Compacta”);
    • Alpine Armeria(A. Alpina) - height - 10 cm. Blooms in June (“Alba”, “Rosa”, “Laushana”);
    • armeria pseudoarmeria(Armeria pseudarmeria) - grows in rosettes of leaves, spherical inflorescences, small white flowers. Famous varieties are “Joystick White”, “Encore Ruby”).

    English roses - first obtained by crossing ancient varieties of roses ( Damask, French, Bourbon) with hybrid teas at the end of the twentieth century.
    The shape of the flowers - cupped, strong pink aroma, variety of shades, resistance to disease - gardeners liked. English rose flowers in the garden are long-blooming. Flowering begins very early and continues until frost. They vary in size (short, medium, tall), bush (climbing, prostrate), etc. There is also a large variety of varieties - white, cream, apricot, copper, red, raspberry, yellow and other varieties:

    • Abraham Derby Austin(apricot rose with 10 cm flower);
    • "Suzanne Williams Ellis"(white rose with the scent of rose oil);
    • "William Shakespeare"(densely double red rose, characterized by long flowering);
    • "Charlotte" ( The flower is densely double, resembling real gold in color. It has the scent of tea rose).

    Cornflowers (Centauréa) - herbaceous medium-sized perennials(there are about 500 varieties). Among the features of these plants are erect stems, leaves arranged in a regular order, and inflorescences in the shape of a basket. Cornflowers love the sun, while being frost-resistant plants. They bloom from June to September with pink, blue, white, red and purple flowers. Perennial cornflowers are undemanding and practically do not get sick. They live up to 7-10 years.
    The most popular types of cornflowers:

    • meadow(C. Jacea) - blooms from July until frost, flowers - bright purple inflorescences (up to 4 cm in diameter), straight purple shoots, height - 30-80 cm;
    • whitened(C. dealbata) - blooms until September, with bright pink flowers, decorative leaves, straight and branched stems. Refers to cold-resistant plants. Famous varieties: “John Curtis”, “Stemberji”;
    • mountain(C. Montana) - blooms in July-September with blue-violet flowers, height up to 60 cm (“Alba”, “Rose”, “Grandiflora”).

    Gladiolus, swordweed (from Latin Gladius - sword) is a corm perennial plant. Gladioli love fertile soil with good drainage and sufficient light sun rays. Height - from 30 cm to 1.5 m. An inflorescence of 15-22 flowers is placed on the stem. According to the time of flowering, gladioli are divided into early, middle and late. The most popular varieties are hybrid gladiolus (G. hybridus hort): they are larger, more varied in color, the number of flowers reaches 32. Flowering lasts up to 25 days.

    Gypsophila (Gypsophila paniculata) - tumbleweed or “Lime loving”. A shrubby plant that blooms in paniculate inflorescences of small white/pink flowers. Takes on a spherical shape. Possesses high level cold resistance. Leaves are lanceolate. The height of the stems is up to 120 cm. Represented by the species "Bristol Fairy" (double inflorescences); "Pink Star"; "Flamingo" etc.
    

    Cinquefoil (Dasiphora), Kuril tea, moguchka, etc. (there are 500 species). Flowering occurs at the end of summer - beginning of autumn. The bush reaches a height of 50 - 150 cm. It has high cold resistance.
    The most popular varieties of cinquefoil:

    • Friedrichsen's cinquefoil(D. Friederichsenii) - hybrid (a “mixture” of Kuril tea and Daurian cinquefoil);
    • "Abotswood"- height 75 cm, white flowers;
    • "Catherine Dukes"- height 1.5 m, yellow flowers;
    • "Tangerine"- height 60 cm, bronze color of flowers.

    Large-flowered flax (Linum grandiflorum) - herbaceous, unpretentious plant, which loves light very much. It can be called frost-resistant and not demanding in terms of planting and care, as it grows on any soil (but without stagnant water). Flax blooms from June to September, height 35-60 cm. The plant has thin stems, red or blue flowers with 5 petals (3.5 cm), narrow leaves. The flowers fade by the end of the day, and new ones bloom in the morning. The only negative is that the plant is an annual, although it is sometimes grown as a perennial.
    

    Bluebell (Campanula) is a perennial herbaceous plant (about 300 species are distinguished). Inflorescences are in the form of a raceme or panicle, the flower shape is a bell. Colors - purple, blue, white, pink, blue. Bluebells love the sun and do not tolerate stagnant water. They prefer light soils and loams.
    The most popular types of bells:

    • bell medium(blooms with white, blue, pink and blue flowers, winter-hardy variety);
    • Portenschlag bell(purple flowers, up to 5 flowers on a shoot, frost-resistant variety);
    • Pozharsky's bell(small flowers of lilac, blue, pink, cold-resistant variety).

    Clematis (Clematis) - shrubs, subshrubs, vines (more than 300 species in total). They prefer the sun, do not like shade and partial shade, drafts, and wet lowlands. They are divided into groups based on the formation of flowers:

    • on last year's shoots (flowering occurs at the end of May - beginning of June). Popular varieties “Alpina” and “Makropetala”;
    • on current and last year's shoots. The first wave of flowering is at the beginning of summer, the second (main) - in mid-summer. The most famous varieties of "Lanuginosa" (flowers of white and blue color), "Patens", etc.
    • on current shoots. It blooms from July until the frost itself (varieties “Jacmana”, “Viticella”, “Integrifolia”, etc.).
    
    

    Oak forest sage (Salvia nemorosa, Salvia sylvestris) is a herbaceous perennial plant. The stem has lanceolate wrinkled leaves, blooms in spike-shaped inflorescences at the end of June, and has a strong aroma.

    Loves sunlight, light fertile soils. Doesn't like a lot of moisture. It has high frost and drought resistance.
    

    Important! Forest sage can be made to bloom all summer and even in September if you cut off all the young shoots after the first wave of flowering.

    Varieties of forest sage vary in size:
    • low-growing and medium-growing varieties (“Marcus” - height 25 cm with blue flowers; “Plumosa” - up to 40 cm, lavender color; “Pink Queen” - up to 60 cm, with pink flowers, etc.);
    • tall - up to 80 cm (“Amethyst” - pink-violet flowers; “Adrian” - white flowers; “Caradonna” - black stem with dark purple flowers).

    Perennials blooming in autumn

    At the end of summer - beginning of autumn, beautiful late perennials for the garden - aconites, anemones, chrysanthemums, etc. - begin to bloom, which continues until the first frost.

    Arends' aconite (Aconitum arendsii) is a perennial plant, the result of interspecific crossing. They begin to bloom in mid-summer with white, blue and bicolor flowers.

    The height reaches 100 cm. They have high frost resistance.

    Did you know? Poisonous properties aconite has been known since ancient times - poison for arrows was made from the plant, and also poisonedenemieswater for drinking. According to legend, the conqueror Timur died of aconite poisoning (his skullcap was soaked in the poison).

    Autumn Anemone is a plant native to Japan and China. The height reaches 1.5 m, the leaves are large, dark green. Flowering begins in September - it blooms with double or single flowers (6 cm in diameter) in white, pink, cream and red shades.
    Japanese anemones love bright light, light and fertile soil, and good watering.

    Important! Anemone juice tastes bitter and irritates the skin and mucous membranes.

    The most famous species and hybrid varieties:
    • Hubei anemone(with light pink flowers);
    • hybrid anemone(“Honorin Jobert”, “Profuseion”, “Queen Charlotte”).

    Autumn colchicum (wintering plant)

    Colchicum (Colchicum autumnale) is a herbaceous perennial (there are 65 species) that looks like a crocus. Flowering - September-October (up to three weeks). The flowers are glass-shaped (up to 7 cm in diameter) and have a pleasant aroma. Depending on the variety, they can be simple or terry. Colors - white, pink, purple and possibly in different shades. There are no leaves during the flowering period (their height is 30-40 cm), the flower stem is 8-20 cm. It loves sandy soils and grows equally well in the shade and in the sun. No watering required.
    The variety “Roseum Plenum” with delicate pink flowers is especially popular.

    Vernonia is a perennial of the Asteraceae family (1000 species). Garden crop - shaggy vernonia (Vernonia crinita). The stems of this plant are erect with large oval leaves. Flowering occurs in August - September, and the inflorescences are represented by panicles of purple flowers. Loves the sun and moist, fertile soil.
    

    sedum

    Sedum (Sedum) is a perennial plant of the Crassulaceae family (there are about 600 species in total). It blooms with small flowers in fluffy inflorescences. Color - pink, yellow, red, blue, etc.

    Sedums love large sunny areas and light partial shade. They are unpretentious to soils and grow well both on rocky and sandy soils, as well as on more fertile ones. They are drought-resistant species.
    There are three groups of sedums - low-growing, medium-growing (blooming at the end of summer) and tall-growing - blooming in the fall (tenacious sedum, prominent sedum and telephium sedum or "rabbit cabbage").

    Nerine (Nerine) is a bulbous perennial plant (30 species) of the Amarilaceae family. Blooms in early or mid-autumn. The height of the stems reaches 50 cm, and the plant itself blooms with red, white, pink or orange flowers in umbrella-shaped inflorescences (often called spider lily).

    Popular varieties:

    • nerine "Bowden"- the most cold-resistant form. It blooms in mid-autumn with an umbrella inflorescence (12 flowers each);
    • nerine sinuous- has beautiful white and pink flowers, collected in inflorescences and presented in the form of bells.
    
    

    Tricyrtis, garden orchid, is a perennial plant of the Liliaceae family. It blooms from late summer and can continue flowering until frost. The flowers are pink with crimson spots, collected in bunches.
    The plant loves forest soils, with enough big amount humus and peat.

    Did you know? One of the names of Tricyrtis is "toad lily", given due to the use of the plant's sap to attract edible toads in the Philippines.

    The most popular varieties:
    • tricyrtis short-haired(80 cm tall, with white flowers and crimson spots on them, the most cold-resistant variety);
    • broadleaf tricirtis(60 cm tall, green-white flowers).

    Chrysanthemum

    There are more than 650 varieties of garden chrysanthemums (Chrysanthemum). Autumn chrysanthemums are very different from each other: the inflorescences can be simple, semi-double, double, painted in different shades of red, pink, yellow, white flowers. Autumn varieties can tolerate even the first frosts. Depending on the timing of flowering, the following plants of this group can be distinguished:

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From mid to late summer, bush St. John's worts bloom continuously. The photo shows a large-flowered hybrid variety of Hooker's St. John's wort "Hidcoat". The flowers can be used in tea; they are golden in color and the size of a palm, appearing in inflorescences of several pieces.

Hooker's St. John's wort is not a tall herbaceous shrub with small flowers, like St. John's wort.

The all-in-bloom creeping herbaceous ground cover, St. John's wort, is odorless. A good ground cover for both moderate shady and dry Mediterranean gardens.

Perovskia wormwood, a large drought-resistant blue-flowered shrub, is blooming. Due to weather anomalies, flowering begins untimely early - Perovskia usually blooms closer to August.

Again, due to the cold rainy weather, some mock orange flowered almost until the end of July. There are many unsigned exhibits in the Minsk BS, the origin of which none of the employees knows anything about. I liked the abnormally long, protracted flowering - I’ll definitely take cuttings and collect the seeds.

Pink Spiraea Boumalda in full bloom


In the photo, Itea virginiana is blooming, followed by Cletra ternifolia, which is already preparing to bloom.


Because of the cold summer, the last clusters of Deutia rougha are still blooming.


The photo shows the height of flowering of the double white-flowered variety of rugosa rose.


Blooms from mid-summer American look fragrant raspberry or maple leaf.


The fertile calicanthus is already fading. For some reason, a rare, winter-hardy, aromatic shrub that can be easily propagated by summer cuttings.


Hydrangea paniculata is getting ready to bloom, this year several weeks earlier than in previous years.


In the photo, it’s been two weeks since the tree hydrangea bloomed - and in general, from mid-summer it’s time for hydrangeas - everything is blooming - ashy, sargenta and large-leaved, many of their hybrids and varieties.


For example, in the photo some pink-purple variety of hydrangea is blooming. If you like it, pinch off a finger-length green stalk and stick it in wet sand for 2 weeks, then you can assume that the variety is already growing in your area.


In Minsk, one species of tamarisk has been blooming profusely for many years, surprisingly late in time, when all other species have already flowered for a month. The plant is not labeled and it is clear that it has been growing in a plot of medicinal herbs for a couple of decades.


The deciduous whorled holly has bloomed.


Eleutherococcus senticosus, also known as wild pepper or free berry, a medicinal Far Eastern shrub from the Araliaceae family, also bloomed somewhat early.


Later than all sumacs, the fluffy variety of dissected-leaved sumac blooms.


In Minsk, immediately after the small-leaved linden blossoms, the beautiful catalpa blooms, while in Brest it has already faded for several weeks.


Catalpa bignoniformes, all in bloom. The photo shows the first flowering of a 4-year-old seedling in Brest Park.


Maakia Amur is the first flower cluster of a 5-year-old seedling in my nursery.


In mid-summer until early August, Far Eastern linden trees bloom. These are the desired outstanding honey plants - linden Tuan, Take, Komarov and Maksimovich. In the photo one of them is the Mongolian linden.


The Take linden tree is just beginning to bloom its first buds; the small-leaved linden tree has already flowered for two weeks by this time.


A masterpiece among honey plants is the Komarova linden. When this tree blooms, it is quite believable that bribes from one productive tree can reach up to a ton.


Now about the lianas - a wonderful subtropical plant - Campsis creeping or rooting - a gorgeous two-month flowering began a few weeks ago.


Here is an unusual yellow-flowered variety of Kampsis rooting. Together with a red-flowered or orange variety, it is an ideal cover for a fence or wall.


In the liana department, some kind of hybrid Brown or Gecrotte honeysuckle is blooming. And along with it all the liana-shaped honeysuckles bloom—honeysuckle, Henry, etc. The photo clearly shows how a vine deprived of support turns into a pathetic cushion-shaped bush. If there was a fence or other support nearby, this honeysuckle would occupy several spans.


Clinging to the lower branch of an apple tree, some kind of princeling recently bloomed. The seeds were collected about 5 years ago in Kyiv, but nothing has been signed there since the nineties, the plant has grown and bloomed this year - so it is now impossible to say what kind of variety it is and what species it is. A clear example of planting disease among collectors is that many plants sometimes cannot be identified for years.


On the picture good example draping the fence with collection clematis of the large-flowered Jacquemont group - the clematis have already bloomed for a month and will decorate this fence with flowers for several more months.


In the department of medicinal herbs in the Minsk BS there is a good collection of clematis and princelings on trellises in the form of green rooms different types and varieties, although nothing has been signed for a long time and, perhaps, was not designated initially - probably no one remembers what these varieties are, but they bloom year after year. However, this doesn’t matter - if you like flowering, in cloudy weather take a green cutting with two internodes, put it in a damp bag and plant it in coarse sand with perlite, preferably the faster the better. You can even use it at home in a container on the window. If you do everything correctly, up to 50% of the cuttings will take root, try it, and you will be surprised why the same rooted cuttings of clematis from Poland cost so much money in garden centers, the only plus in plant markets is that in addition to the cutting you buy a colored label with signature of the variety.