Which part of the brain is responsible for memory. How does the memory of any person work and what does it consist of? Speech centers of the brain

The brain is a complex self-regulating system that provides higher autonomic functions and human personality. The brain is a collection of gray and white matter, which carries out the regulation and functions of all organs and systems of the human body. The brain is integrally connected to every cell of the body through pathways and controls it through axons and dendrites, neurons and neurites.

The brain is the only difference between people. The body of all people has the same structure; in case of injury to any organ, life is preserved and consciousness is not impaired. The brain is sensitive to a lack of oxygen; with any changes, life is preserved, but consciousness can be lost. It is for this reason that this organ is enclosed in a powerful bone frame - the skull.

The brain is represented by the brainstem, cerebellum, midbrain, diencephalon, telencephalon. It consists of white and gray matter. The gray matter is the bodies of nerve cells, and the white matter is the processes. More than 85% of the brain consists of white matter.

The telencephalon is the most complex part of the brain, represented by the basal ganglia and hemispheres, enveloped in the cortex.

Other parts of the brain perform autonomic functions, performed without the participation of human consciousness. Most of these functions occur primarily at night:

• regulation of vascular tone,
• liberin products,
• production of hormones and other biologically active substances.

The brain is the most energy-consuming organ; it tries to save most of its time. Laziness is a form of energy saving.

Brain and memory

Memory is a collection of information from various organs feelings. Remembering a smell or taste is a simple task for the brain; analytical information: numbers, letters, words is a more complex analytical component. Responsible for storing memory in the brain specialized centers: hippocampus and fragments of the olfactory brain, limbic system.

Information perceived by the senses is converted into an electrochemical stimulus (ionic current), spreading to the centers of the brain, where it is converted into information signals. After analysis, the information can be transferred to a deeper center - the hippocampus, which records information. Stimuli provoke synthesis fast proteins in hippocampal neurons. It should be considered that memory is proteins. Memory is information about past events that can be used when necessary. Fast or short-term memory is the formation of short-term synapses.

Brain and body functions

Body functions, movements, obey certain rules. The process originates in the cerebral cortex, namely in the precentral gyrus, where Betz cells, capable of generating impulses, are located in the fourth layer.

The Betz cell generates an impulse that is directed along the pathways to the anterior horns of the spinal cord. The second neuron transmits the impulse to the muscle, which contracts. The path is long and complex, but it is completed in 0.5 seconds.

Smirnova Olga Leonidovna

Neuropathologist, education: First Moscow State University medical University named after I.M. Sechenov. Work experience 20 years.

Articles written

It is important for everyone to know which part of the brain is responsible for memory and what influences this process. Every day we receive a lot of information, some of which is remembered. Why do some memories remain in memory and others not, what is the mechanism of action of memory?

Memory is the ability to remember, accumulate and retrieve received information. How much a person can remember depends on his attention.

Memory is formed by several parts of the brain: the cerebral cortex, the cerebellum, and the limbic system. But it is most influenced by the temporal lobes of the brain. The process of remembering occurs in the hippocampus. If the temporal region is damaged on one side, then memory becomes worse, but if there is damage in both temporal lobes, the memorization process stops completely.

The functioning of memory depends on the state of neurons and neurotransmitters that provide communication between nerve cells. They are concentrated in the hippocampus region. Acetylcholine is also classified as a neurotransmitter. If these substances are not enough, then memory deteriorates significantly.

The level of acetylcholine depends on the amount of energy produced during the oxidation of fats and glucose. Neurotransmitters are concentrated in the organ in smaller quantities if a person is stressed or suffers from depression.

Memorization mechanism

The human brain works like a computer. To save current information, it uses RAM, and to long-term storage can't do without hard drive. Depending on how long the part of the brain responsible for memory stores information, there are:

• immediate memory;
• short-term;
• long-term

Interestingly, depending on the species, memory is stored in different areas brain Short-term memories are concentrated in the brain, and long-term memories are concentrated in the hippocampus.

The ability to remember is considered an important part of intelligence. Therefore, the amount of information a person owns depends on its development.

The work of memory consists of remembering, storing and reproducing. When people receive information, it travels from one nerve cell to another. These processes occur in the cerebral cortex. Data nerve impulses lead to the creation neural connections. Along these paths, a person subsequently retrieves, that is, remembers the information received.

How successfully and for a long time information is remembered is influenced by the attention with which a person treats the object. If this is interesting to him, then he concentrates more strongly on the subject that interests him and the memorization process occurs at a high level.

Attention and concentration are the functions of the psyche that allow you to focus all your thoughts on a specific object.

No less important than memorization is forgetting information. Thanks to this, the nervous system is unloaded and space is freed up for new information, and new neural connections begin to form.

It is impossible to say for sure which hemisphere is responsible for memory, since both of these areas play an important role in the process of processing and remembering information.

Memory

According to recent research results, scientists were able to find out that memory capacity human brain is about a million gigabytes.

If the ability to remember is well developed, then this can cause many problems for creative individuals.

The brain contains about hundreds of billions of nerve cells, with thousands of neural connections between each of them. Information is transmitted at the synapse. This is the name of the point at which neurons contact. During the interaction of two neurons, strong synapses are formed. The branching processes of nerve cells have dendrites that increase in size as they receive new information. These processes allow contact with other cells; when enlarged, it can perceive more signals entering the brain.

Some scientists compare dendrites to bits of computer code, but instead of numbers they use descriptive characteristics of their size.

But previously they did not know what size these processes can reach. We limited ourselves to identifying small, medium and large dendrites.

Scientists from California encountered interesting feature, which forced them to reconsider the known information about the size of the processes. This happened while studying the rat hippocampus. This is the part of the brain responsible for memory in relation to visual images.

The researchers noticed that one of the processes of the nerve cell, responsible for transmitting signals, is able to interact with two dendrites that receive information.

Scientists have suggested that dendrites are capable of receiving the same information if it comes from the same axon. Therefore, their size and strength must be identical.

Measurements were made of objects responsible for the formation of synaptic connections. The study revealed that the difference between dendrites receiving information from one axon is about eight percent. In total, we were able to identify 26 possible sizes processes.

Based on research results, a hypothesis was put forward about the ability of human memory to store a quadrillion bytes of information. To compare the brain with a computer, it is enough to know that the average RAM size of a device is no more than eight gigabytes. Whereas the brain can store a million gigabytes.

Every person knows that it is impossible to fully use the entire amount of memory. Many have at least once forgotten the birthdays of friends and relatives, and have had difficulty studying poems or remembering paragraphs in history. This phenomenon is considered normal. But, if a person remembers absolutely everything, then this is considered a phenomenon. The world knows only a few people who remembered most of the information received.

Scientists distinguish three main parts in the human brain: the hindbrain, midbrain and forebrain. All three are clearly visible already in a four-week embryo in the form of “brain bubbles.” Historically, the hindbrain and midbrain are considered more ancient. They are responsible for vital internal functions body: maintaining blood flow, breathing. Behind human forms communications with the outside world (thinking, memory, speech), which will interest us primarily in the light of the problems discussed in this book, are responsible for the forebrain.

To understand why each disease affects the patient's behavior differently, you need to know the basic principles of brain organization.

1. The first principle is division of functions by hemispheres - lateralization. The brain is physically divided into two hemispheres: left and right. Despite their external similarity and the active interaction provided by big amount special fibers, functional asymmetry in the functioning of the brain can be seen quite clearly. Copes with some functions better right hemisphere(for most people it is responsible for figurative and creative work), and with others left (associated with abstract thinking, symbolic activity and rationality).
2. The second principle is also related to the distribution of functions across different areas of the brain. Although this organ works as a single whole and many higher human functions are provided by coordinated work different parts, the “division of labor” between the lobes of the cerebral cortex can be traced quite clearly.

In the cerebral cortex it is possible to distinguish four lobes: occipital, parietal, temporal and frontal. In accordance with the first principle - the principle of lateralization - each lobe has its own pair.

The frontal lobes can be called the command post of the brain. There are centers here that are not so much responsible for separate action, how many provide such qualities as independence and initiative of a person, his ability for critical self-evaluation. Damage to the frontal lobes causes carelessness, meaningless aspirations, fickleness and a tendency to make inappropriate jokes. With the loss of motivation due to atrophy of the frontal lobes, a person becomes passive, loses interest in what is happening, and remains in bed for hours. Often others mistake this behavior for laziness, not suspecting that changes in behavior are a direct consequence of the death of nerve cells in this area of ​​the cerebral cortex

According to views modern science Alzheimer's disease, one of the most common causes of dementia, is caused when protein deposits form around (and within) neurons, preventing those neurons from communicating with other cells and causing them to die. Because the effective ways Scientists have not found the main method to prevent the formation of protein plaques drug control with Alzheimer's disease, there remains an impact on the functioning of the mediators that ensure communication between neurons. In particular, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors affect acetylcholine, and memantine drugs affect glutamate. Others mistake this behavior for laziness, not suspecting that changes in behavior are a direct consequence of the death of nerve cells in this area of ​​the cerebral cortex.

An important function of the frontal lobes is control and behavior management. It is from this part of the brain that the command comes, preventing the performance of socially undesirable actions (for example, the grasping reflex or unseemly behavior towards others). When this zone is affected in dementia patients, it is as if their internal limiter is turned off, which previously prevented them from expressing obscenities and using obscene words.

The frontal lobes are responsible for arbitrary actions, for their organization and planning, as well as mastering skills. It is thanks to them that gradually work that initially seemed complex and difficult to complete becomes automatic and does not require much effort. If frontal lobes damaged, a person is doomed to do his work every time as if for the first time: for example, his ability to cook, go to the store, etc. falls apart. Another variant of disorders associated with the frontal lobes is the patient’s “fixation” on the action being performed, or perseveration. Perseveration can manifest itself both in speech (repetition of the same word or whole phrase) and in other actions (for example, aimlessly moving objects from place to place).

The dominant (usually left) frontal lobe has many areas responsible for different aspects of speech person, his attention and abstract thinking.

Let us finally note the participation of the frontal lobes in maintaining an upright body position. When they are affected, the patient develops a shallow mincing gait and a bent posture.

Temporal lobes in upper sections process auditory sensations, turning them into sound images. Since hearing is the channel through which speech sounds are transmitted to humans, the temporal lobes (especially the dominant left) play a critical role in facilitating speech communication. It is in this part of the brain that the recognition and filling with meaning words addressed to a person, as well as the selection of language units to express their own meanings. The non-dominant lobe (right in right-handed people) is involved in recognizing intonation patterns and facial expressions.

The anterior and medial portions of the temporal lobes are associated with the sense of smell. Today it has been proven that the appearance of problems with the sense of smell in an elderly patient may be a signal of developing, but not yet identified, Alzheimer's disease.

A small, seahorse-shaped area on the inner surface of the temporal lobes (the hippocampus) controls human long-term memory. It is the temporal lobes that store our memories. The dominant (usually left) temporal lobe deals with verbal memory and object names, the non-dominant is used for visual memory.

Simultaneous damage to both temporal lobes leads to serenity, loss of visual recognition and hypersexuality.

The functions performed by the parietal lobes differ for the dominant and non-dominant sides.

The dominant side (usually the left) is responsible for the ability to understand the structure of the whole through the correlation of its parts (their order, structure) and for our the ability to put parts together into a whole. This applies to the most different things. For example, to read you need to be able to put letters into words and words into phrases. Same with numbers and numbers. The same share allows you to master a sequence of related movements necessary to achieve a certain result (a disorder of this function is called apraxia). For example, the inability to dress independently, often noted in patients with Alzheimer's disease, is not caused by impaired coordination, but by forgetting the movements necessary to achieve a specific goal.

The dominant side is also responsible for feeling of your body: for distinguishing its right and left parts, for knowledge of the relationship of a separate part to the whole.

The non-dominant side (usually the right) is the center that, by combining information from the occipital lobes, provides three-dimensional perception of the surrounding world. Disruption of this area of ​​the cortex leads to visual agnosia - the inability to recognize objects, faces, or the surrounding landscape. Because visual information is processed in the brain separately from information coming from other senses, the patient in some cases has the opportunity to compensate for problems in visual recognition. For example, a patient who does not recognize loved one in person, can recognize him by his voice when talking. This side is also involved in the spatial orientation of the individual: the dominant parietal lobe is responsible for the internal space of the body, and the non-dominant one is responsible for recognizing objects in external space and for determining the distance to these objects and between them.

Both parietal lobes are involved in the perception of heat, cold and pain.

The occipital lobes are responsible for processing of visual information. In fact, everything that we see, we do not see with our eyes, which only record the irritation of the light acting on them and translate it into electrical impulses. We “see” with the occipital lobes, which interpret signals from the eyes. Knowing this, it is necessary to distinguish between weakened visual acuity in an elderly person and problems associated with his ability to perceive objects. Visual acuity (the ability to see small objects) depends on the work of the eyes, perception is a product of the work of the occipital and parietal lobes of the brain. Information about color, shape, and motion is processed separately in the occipital lobe of the cortex before being received in the parietal lobe to be converted into a three-dimensional representation. When communicating with dementia patients, it is important to take into account that their failure to recognize surrounding objects may be caused by the inability of normal signal processing in the brain and has nothing to do with visual acuity.

Completing short story about the brain, it is necessary to say a few words about its blood supply, since problems are in its vascular system– one of the most common (and in Russia, perhaps the most common) causes of dementia.

For normal operation neurons they need constant energy supply, which they receive thanks to three arteries supplying the brain: two internal carotid arteries and the main artery. They connect to each other and form an arterial (Willisian) circle, which allows you to nourish all parts of the brain. When, for some reason (for example, a stroke), the blood supply to certain parts of the brain is weakened or completely stopped, neurons die and dementia develops.

Often in science fiction novels (and in popular science publications) the work of the brain is compared to the work of a computer. This is not true for many reasons. Firstly, unlike a man-made machine, the brain was formed as a result of a natural process of self-organization and does not require any external program. Hence the radical differences in the principles of its operation from the functioning of an inorganic and non-autonomous device with an embedded program. Secondly (and for our problem this is very important), various fragments nervous system are not connected in a rigid way, like computer blocks and cables stretched between them. The connection between cells is incomparably more subtle, dynamic, responsive to many various factors. This is the power of our brain, allowing it to sensitively respond to the slightest failures in the system and compensate for them. And this is also its weakness, since not a single one of these failures goes away without a trace, and over time their combination reduces the potential of the system, its ability to perform compensatory processes. Then changes begin in a person’s condition (and then in his behavior), which scientists call cognitive disorders and which over time lead to a disease such as.

Scientists consider the frontal cortex as a set of formations that exhibit early age pronounced individuality in anatomical structure. Among these formations there are those that are new, " human» fields that develop later in life. These include field 46.

Field 46 is a “human field”, because it is an evolutionary neoplasm that differentiates late. Field 46 is the last to mature and reaches 630% of its original size. Because this field is inhibitory, you can notice that children do not control their movements and grab everything that is not lying well. This behavior is typical of monkeys.

General

It is impossible to specifically develop the frontal lobes of the brain in children. There is a misconception in society that physical activity promotes increased blood circulation in the brain, thereby developing all areas of the brain. Physical activity fills the motor centers of the brain, while the remaining areas of the brain ‘ resting‘, because When performing different tasks, the brain uses specific centers, rather than the entire brain.

Based on the above, in order to determine exercises for the development of the frontal lobes, we need to find out what functions the frontal lobes are responsible for, with which we can develop the frontal lobes.

The frontal lobe, like others, consists of and substances.

Location

The frontal lobe is located in the anterior parts of the hemispheres. The frontal lobe is separated from the parietal lobe by the central sulcus, and from the temporal lobe by the lateral sulcus. Anatomically it consists of four convolutions - vertical and three horizontal. The convolutions are separated by grooves. The frontal lobe makes up one third of the mass of the cortex.

Assigned functions

Evolutionarily it happened that active development frontal lobes are not associated with mental and intellectual activity. The frontal lobes arose in humans through evolution. How more people could share food in his community, so more likely that the community could survive. In women, the frontal lobes appeared with specific purpose- sharing food. The men got this area as a gift. Without those assigned tasks that lie on the shoulders of women, men began to use the frontal lobes as the most different ways(think, build, etc.) to demonstrate Dominance.

Essentially, the frontal lobes are brake centers. Also, many people ask what the left or right frontal lobe of the brain is responsible for. The question is not posed correctly, because... in the left and right frontal lobes there are corresponding fields that are responsible for specific functions. Roughly speaking, the frontal lobes are responsible for:

• thinking
• coordination of movements
• conscious control of behavior
• memory and speech centers
• display of emotions

What fields are included?

Fields and subfields are responsible for specific functions that are generalized under the frontal lobes. Because The polymorphism of the brain is enormous; the combination of the sizes of different fields makes up a person’s individuality. Why do they say that over time a person changes. Throughout life, neurons die, and the remaining ones form new connections. This introduces an imbalance in the quantitative ratio of connections between different fields that are responsible for different functions.

Not only that different people The sizes of the fields are different, and some people may not have these fields at all. Polymorphism was identified by Soviet researchers S.A. Sarkisov, I.N. Filimonov, Yu.G. Shevchenko. They showed that the individual ways in which the cerebral cortex is structured within one ethnic group are so great that no common features can be seen.

• Field 8 - located in the posterior parts of the middle and superior frontal gyri. Has a center for voluntary eye movements
• Area 9 - dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
• Area 10 - Anterior prefrontal cortex
• Area 11 - olfactory area
• Area 12 - control of the basal ganglia
• Field 32 - Receptor area of ​​emotional experiences
• Area 44 - Broca's Center (processing information about the location of the body relative to other bodies)

• Field 45 - music and motor center
• Field 46 - motor analyzer turning the head and eyes
• Field 47 - nuclear singing zone, speech motor component
  • Subfield 47.1
  • Subfield 47.2
  • Subfield 47.3
  • Subfield 47.4
  • Subfield 47.5

Symptoms of the lesion

Symptoms of the lesion are revealed in such a way that the selected functions are no longer adequately performed. The main thing is not to confuse some symptoms with laziness or imposed thoughts on this matter, although this is part of frontal lobe diseases.

• Uncontrollable grasp reflexes(Schuster reflex)
• Uncontrolled grasping reflexes when the skin of the hand is irritated at the base of the fingers (Yanishevsky-Bekhterev Reflex)
• Extension of the toes due to irritation of the skin of the foot (Hermann's sign)
• Maintaining an awkward arm position (Barre's sign)
• Constantly rubbing your nose (Duff's sign)
• Speech Impairment
• Loss of motivation
• Inability to concentrate
• Memory impairment

The following injuries and illnesses may cause these symptoms:

• Alzheimer's disease
• Frontotemporal dementia
• Traumatic brain injuries
• Strokes
• Oncological diseases

With such diseases and symptoms, a person may not be recognizable. A person may lose motivation, and his sense of defining personal boundaries becomes blurred. Impulsive behavior associated with the satisfaction of biological needs is possible. Because disruption of the frontal lobes (inhibitory) opens the boundaries to biological behavior controlled by the limbic system.

Answers to popular questions

• Where is the speech center in the brain?
  • Located in Broca's center, namely in the posterior part of the inferior frontal gyrus
• Where is the memory center in the brain?
  • Memory can be different (auditory, visual, gustatory, etc.). Depending on which center processes certain sensors, information from this sensor is stored in those centers

The brain is a powerful control center that sends commands throughout the body and controls the progress of their implementation. It is thanks to him that we perceive the world and are able to interact with it. What kind of brain has modern man, his intellect, thinking, were the result of millions of years of continuous evolution of mankind, his structure is unique.

The brain is characterized by division into zones, each of which specializes in performing its own specific functions. It is important to have information about what functions each zone performs. Then you can easily understand why specific symptoms for such common diseases as Alzheimer's disease, stroke, etc. Disorders can be regulated with medication, as well as with the help special exercises, physiotherapy.

The brain is structurally divided into:

• rear;
• average;
• front.

Each of them has their own role.

In an embryo, the head develops faster than other parts of the body. In a one-month-old embryo, all three parts of the brain can be easily seen. During this period they look like “brain bubbles”. The brain of a newborn is the most developed system in his body.

Scientists attribute the hindbrain and midbrain to more ancient structures. It is this part that is entrusted with the most important functions– maintaining breathing and blood circulation. The boundaries of their functions are clearly separated. Each gyrus does its job. The more pronounced the groove became during development, the more functions it could perform. And here anterior section provides everything that connects us with external environment(speech, hearing, memory, ability to think, emotions).

There is an opinion that a woman's brain is smaller than a man's brain. Data from modern hardware studies, in particular on a tomograph, have not confirmed this. This definition can easily be called erroneous. The brain of different people may differ in size and weight, but this does not depend on gender.

Knowing the structure of the brain, you can understand why certain diseases appear and what their symptoms depend on.

Structurally, the brain consists of two hemispheres: right and left. Externally they are very similar and interconnected a huge amount nerve fibers. Each person has one side that is dominant, right-handed people have the left side, and left-handed people have the right side.

There are also four lobes of the brain. You can clearly see how the functions of the shares are differentiated.

What are shares?

The cerebral cortex has four lobes:

1. occipital;
2. parietal;
3. temporal;
4. frontal

Each share has a pair. All of them are responsible for maintaining the vital functions of the body and contact with the outside world. If injury, inflammation, or disease of the brain occurs, the function of the affected area may be completely or partially lost.

Frontal

These lobes have a frontal location, they occupy the forehead area. Let's figure out what the frontal lobe is responsible for. The frontal lobes of the brain are responsible for sending commands to all organs and systems. They can be figuratively called a “command post.” It would take a long time to list all their functions. These centers are responsible for all actions and provide the most important human qualities(initiative, independence, critical self-esteem, etc.). When they are defeated, a person becomes carefree, changeable, his aspirations have no meaning, he is prone to inappropriate jokes. Such symptoms may indicate atrophy of the frontal lobes, leading to passivity, which is easily mistaken for laziness.

Each lobe has a dominant and auxiliary part. For right-handed people, the left area will be dominant and vice versa. If you separate them, it is easier to understand which functions are assigned to a specific area.

It is the frontal lobes that control human behavior. This part of the brain sends commands that prevent a specific antisocial action from being performed. It is easy to notice how dementia patients are affected this zone. The internal limiter is turned off, and the person can tirelessly use obscene language, indulge in obscenity, etc.

The frontal lobes of the brain are also responsible for planning, organizing voluntary actions, and mastering the necessary skills. Thanks to them, those actions that seem very difficult at first become automatic over time. But when these areas are damaged, the person performs the actions as if anew each time, and automaticity is not developed. Such patients forget how to go to the store, how to cook, etc.

When the frontal lobes are damaged, perseveration can occur, in which patients literally become fixated on performing the same action. A person may repeat the same word, phrase, or constantly move objects around aimlessly.

The frontal lobes have a main, dominant, most often left, lobe. Thanks to her work, speech, attention, and abstract thinking are organized.

It is the frontal lobes that are responsible for maintaining the human body in vertical position. Patients with their lesions are distinguished by a hunched posture and a mincing gait.

Temporal

They are responsible for hearing, turning sounds into images. They provide speech perception and communication in general. The dominant temporal lobe of the brain allows you to fill the words you hear with meaning and select the necessary lexemes in order to express your thoughts. The non-dominant helps to recognize intonation and determine the expression of a human face.

The anterior and middle temporal regions are responsible for the sense of smell. If it is lost in old age, this may signal a nascent one.

The hippocampus is responsible for long-term memory. It is he who stores all our memories.

If both temporal lobes are affected, a person cannot assimilate visual images, becomes serene, and his sexuality goes through the roof.

Parietal

In order to understand the functions of the parietal lobes, it is important to understand that the dominant and non-dominant side will do different jobs.

The dominant parietal lobe of the brain helps to understand the structure of the whole through its parts, their structure, order. Thanks to her, we know how to put individual parts into a whole. The ability to read is very indicative of this. To read a word, you need to put the letters together, and you need to create a phrase from the words. Manipulations with numbers are also carried out.

The parietal lobe helps to link individual movements into a complete action. When this function is disrupted, apraxia is observed. Patients cannot perform basic actions, for example, they are not able to get dressed. This happens with Alzheimer's disease. A person simply forgets how to make the necessary movements.

The dominant area helps you feel your body, distinguish between right and left side, relate parts and the whole. This regulation is involved in spatial orientation.

The non-dominant side (in right-handed people it is right) combines information that comes from the occipital lobes and allows three-dimensional perception the world. If the non-dominant parietal lobe is disrupted, visual agnosia may occur, in which a person is unable to recognize objects, landscapes, or even faces.

The parietal lobes are involved in the perception of pain, cold, and heat. Their functioning also ensures orientation in space.

Occipital

The occipital lobes process visual information. It is with these lobes of the brain that we actually “see.” They read signals that come from the eyes. The occipital lobe is responsible for processing information about shape, color, and movement. The parietal lobe then turns this information into a three-dimensional image.

If a person stops recognizing familiar objects or loved ones, this may indicate a dysfunction in the occipital or temporal lobe of the brain. In a number of diseases, the brain loses the ability to process received signals.

How the hemispheres of the brain are connected

Connects hemispheres corpus callosum. This is a large plexus of nerve fibers through which the signal is transmitted between the hemispheres. Adhesions are also involved in the joining process. There is a posterior, anterior, and superior commissure (fornix commissure). This organization helps to divide the functions of the brain between its individual lobes. This feature has been developed over millions of years of continuous evolution.

Conclusion

So, each department has its own functional load. If a separate lobe suffers due to injury or disease, another zone may take over some of its functions. Psychiatry has accumulated a lot of evidence of such redistribution.

It is important to remember that the brain cannot function fully without nutrients. The diet should have a variety of products, from which nerve cells will receive necessary substances. It is also important to improve blood supply to the brain. It is promoted by playing sports, walking on fresh air, moderate amount spices in the diet.