Civil (personal) rights, freedoms and responsibilities

Chapter 6
Civil (personal) rights, freedoms and responsibilities

Article 33. The right to live

The Russian Federation recognizes and protects every person’s right to life by all available means.

No one can be deprived of life. The death penalty is applied only by court verdict as an exceptional measure of punishment for especially serious crimes against a person.

Citizens are guaranteed protection from any attacks on life, health, and personal safety. No citizen should be subjected to medical, scientific or other experiments without his consent.

Article 34. Right to freedom and security of person

Personality is free and inviolable. No one may be arrested or detained except on the grounds judgment. Detention in cases and procedures established by law is permitted for a period of no more than 48 hours. No one may be subjected to torture, violence, or other cruel or degrading treatment or punishment.

Article 35. Right to defense

Citizens who are detained or arrested, suspected or accused of committing a crime are guaranteed the right to defense. Every person detained, taken into custody or accused of committing a crime has the right to have the assistance of a lawyer (defender), respectively, from the moment of detention, detention or charge.

The victim and other citizens participating in the proceedings are guaranteed respect for their rights and legitimate interests. Any citizen has the right, in accordance with international treaties Russian Federation apply to interstate bodies for the protection of human and civil rights and freedoms if he has been denied protection of his rights in all established federal law judicial authorities.

Article 36. Presumption of innocence

The accused is considered innocent until his guilt is proven in accordance with the procedure prescribed by law and is established by the person who entered into the case. legal force court verdict. The accused is not required to prove his innocence. Evidence obtained in violation of the law is recognized as having no legal force.

Article 37. Protection of honor and dignity of citizens

The honor and dignity of citizens are protected by law. Any arbitrary interference with privacy is illegal and subject to punishment.

Article 38. Freedom of conscience

Citizens of the Russian Federation are guaranteed freedom of conscience, the right to profess any religion or not to profess any, to perform religious rituals and to conduct any other religious or atheistic activity that does not contradict the law.

No one can be exempted from his duties towards the state or refuse to comply with the laws on grounds of religious belief.

Article 39. Secrecy of correspondence, telephone conversations, telegraph messages

Citizens of the Russian Federation are guaranteed the confidentiality of correspondence, telephone conversations, and telegraph messages.

Exemptions from this rule are permitted only in cases and in the manner prescribed by law.

Article 40. Inviolability of the home

Citizens of the Russian Federation are guaranteed the inviolability of their home. It is prohibited to enter a home against the will of the persons living there. Searches and inspections are carried out in cases and in the manner prescribed by law.

Article 41. Family protection

The family is protected by the state; marriage is based on the voluntary consent of a man and a woman. Spouses have equal rights in family relationships.

The procedure and conditions for concluding and dissolving a marriage, the rights and obligations of spouses and children are determined by law.

Article 42. Protection of motherhood and childhood

Motherhood and childhood are protected by the state.

The state guarantees that all those in need will receive places for a small fee in nurseries, kindergartens, and homes children's creativity, sports and recreational schools and camps;

Free entry and use of preschool and school age sports facilities, museums, libraries, cultural centers;

Free use of utilities and household services, city transport for children of preschool and school age.

Article 43. Freedom of movement and choice of residence

Within the Russian Federation, citizens of the Russian Federation are provided with freedom of movement, choice of place of stay and residence, as well as the right to freely leave the Russian Federation and enter the Russian Federation.

These rights may be limited to exceptional cases on the grounds provided by law.

Article 44. The right to appeal to the court the actions of government and public organizations, officials

A citizen has the right to appeal to the court against unlawful actions of state and public bodies and officials.

A citizen has the right to compensation for moral and material damage caused by illegal actions of state and public bodies, as well as officials in the performance of their official duties.

The state guarantees the protection of the rights of victims of Crime and abuse of power.

The Constitution as the fundamental law is the printed embodiment of such a contract. The Russian Federation, by right of birth, provides its citizens, as well as citizens of other states and stateless persons residing on the territory of the Russian Federation, with inalienable rights, the limitation of which is possible in a strictly regulated manner. An example is imprisonment, used by the judiciary as a punishment for committing a crime.
On the territory of the Russian Federation, rights and freedoms are granted to every person equally, regardless of “gender, race, nationality, language, origin, property and official status, place of residence, attitude to religion, beliefs, or membership in public associations.”
Different authors classify the rights of citizens of the Russian Federation into several groups (from 3 to 6), these are:
personal, political, socio-economic, cultural and environmental.

Personal rights

Political rights

Socio-economic, cultural and environmental rights

The Russian Federation guarantees to every citizen:
- the right to carry out business activities
- the right to private property, including land and others natural resources
- right of inheritance
- the right to free choice of profession, to safe and paid work
- right to rest
- right to family
- right to social security
- the right to health protection and medical care
- the right to a favorable ecological environment, the right to information about the state of the environment
- the right to education, including compulsory secondary and accessible higher education
- the right to creativity, participation in cultural life, access to cultural values
- the right to justice, to legal assistance
- the right to compensation for damage caused by illegal actions of government bodies

Responsibilities of man and citizen

The Russian Federation in its Basic Law obliges its citizens to:
- every person is obliged to respect the rights and freedoms of others, to comply with the laws of the Russian Federation
- parents have a duty to care for their children
- adult children are obliged to take care of their disabled parents
- pay taxes and other fees
- defend the Motherland, including military duty
- get secondary education
- treats culture with care, preserves cultural and historical monuments
- respects the environment

And they are provided with justice.

2. The state guarantees equality human and civil rights and freedoms regardless of gender, race, nationality, language, origin, property and official status, place of residence, attitude to religion, beliefs, affiliation, as well as other circumstances. Any form of restriction of the rights of citizens on the basis of social, racial, national, linguistic or religious affiliation is prohibited.

3. A man and a woman have equal rights and freedoms and equal opportunities for their realization.

1. Everyone has the right to life.

2. The death penalty may be established until its abolition federal law as an exceptional measure of punishment for especially serious crimes against life, while granting the accused the right to have his case tried by a jury.

1. Personal dignity is protected by the state. Nothing can be grounds for belittling him.

2. No one should be subjected to torture, violence, or other cruel or degrading treatment or punishment. No one can be subjected to medical, scientific or other experiments without voluntary consent.

1. Everyone has the right to freedom and personal security.

2. Arrest, detention and detention are permitted only by court decision. Pending a court decision, a person may not be detained for more than 48 hours.

1. Everyone has the right to privacy, personal and family secrets, protection of his honor and good name.

2. Everyone has the right to privacy of correspondence, telephone conversations, postal, telegraph and other messages. Restriction of this right is allowed only on the basis of a court decision.

1. Collection, storage, use and dissemination of information about the private life of a person without his consent is not permitted.

The residence is inviolable. No one has the right to enter a home against the will of the persons living in it except in cases established federal law, or based on a court decision.

1. Everyone has the right to determine and indicate their own. No one can be forced to define and indicate their own.

2. Everyone has the right to use their native language, to freely choose the language of communication, upbringing, education and creativity.

5. Freedom of the media is guaranteed. prohibited.

1. Everyone has the right to association, including the right to form trade unions for the protection of their interests. Freedom of activity is guaranteed.

2. No one can be forced to join or remain in any association.

3. Citizens recognized as incompetent, as well as those held in places of imprisonment by sentence, do not have the right to elect or be elected.

1. Everyone has the right to freely use their abilities and property for entrepreneurial and other not prohibited economic activities.

2. Economic activities aimed at monopolization and unfair competition are not allowed.

1. The right of private property is protected

2. Everyone has the right to own property, own, use and dispose of it, both individually and jointly with other persons.

3. No one can be deprived of his property except by decision. Forced alienation of property for state needs can only be met subject to prior and equivalent compensation.

4. The right of inheritance is guaranteed.

1. Citizens and their associations have the right to own land in private ownership.

2. Possession, use and disposal of land and other natural resources are carried out by their owners freely, if this does not cause damage to the environment and does not violate the rights and interests of other persons.

3. The conditions and procedure for using land are determined on the basis federal law .

1. Labor is free. Everyone has the right to freely dispose of his abilities to work, to choose the type of activity and profession.

2. Forced labor is prohibited.

3. Everyone has the right to work in conditions that meet safety and hygiene requirements, to remuneration for work without any discrimination and not less than established federal law minimum wage, as well as the right to protection from unemployment.

4. The right to individual and collective labor disputes is recognized using established federal law ways to resolve them, including the right to strike.

5. Everyone has the right to rest. Working on employment contract installed federal law working hours, weekends and holidays paid annual leave.

1. Motherhood and childhood, the family are under the protection of the state.

2. Caring for children and raising them is an equal right and responsibility of parents.

3. Able-bodied children who have reached the age of 18 must take care of disabled parents.

1. Everyone is guaranteed social security by age, in case of illness, disability, loss of a breadwinner, for raising children and in other cases established

3. Voluntary activities are encouraged social insurance, Creation additional forms social security and charity.

1. Everyone has the right to housing. No one may be arbitrarily deprived of their home.

Everyone has the right to favorable environment, reliable information about its condition and compensation for damage caused to his health or property by an environmental offense.

1. Everyone has the right to education.

2. Public access and free pre-school, basic general and secondary education are guaranteed vocational education V state or municipal educational institutions and enterprises.

3. Everyone has the right, on a competitive basis, to receive higher education free of charge in state or municipal educational institution and enterprise.

4. Basic general education is mandatory. Parents or persons replacing them ensure that their children receive basic general education.

2. Everyone has the right to participate in cultural life and use cultural institutions, to have access to cultural values.

3. Everyone is obliged to take care of the preservation of historical and cultural heritage, to protect historical and cultural monuments.

1. Everyone is guaranteed judicial protection of his rights and freedoms.

2. Decisions and actions (or inaction) of authorities state, bodies, and officials may be appealed to.

3. Everyone has the right, in accordance with international treaties Russian Federation contact interstate protection bodies human rights and freedoms if all available domestic remedies have been exhausted.

1. No one can be deprived of the right to have his case considered in the court and by the judge whose jurisdiction it is assigned to.

2. A person accused of committing a crime has the right to have his case tried by a jury in the cases provided for federal law .

1. Everyone is guaranteed the right to receive qualified legal assistance. In cases provided for, legal assistance is provided free of charge.

2. Every person detained, taken into custody, or accused of committing a crime has the right to have the assistance of a lawyer (defender) from the moment of detention, detention, or presentation of charges, respectively.

1. Everyone accused of committing a crime is considered innocent until his guilt is proven in the prescribed manner. federal law order and established by the verdict that has entered into force.

2. The accused is not required to prove his innocence.

3. Irremovable doubts about a person’s guilt are interpreted in favor of the accused.

1. No one can be convicted twice for the same crime.

2. In the administration of justice, the use of evidence obtained in violation of federal law .

3. Every person convicted of a crime has the right to review the sentence by superiors in the manner established federal law, as well as the right to ask for a pardon or commutation of punishment.

1. No one is obliged to testify against himself, his spouse and close relatives, whose circle is determined federal law .

3. The rights and freedoms provided for in Articles 20, 21, 23 (part 1), 24, 28, 34 (part 1), 40 (part 1), 46 - 54 of the Constitution are not subject to restrictions Russian Federation .

3. Citizen Russian Federation in the event that his convictions or religion are contrary to military service, as well as other established