Is loud noise intolerance a disease? What kind and how to treat it? Increased sensitivity to sounds in autism. Causes, neurobiology A disease in which people are sensitive to sounds

There is some quirk in the behavior of each of us that we think is unique to us. And we think in vain. Because, according to science, every little whim, habit, or pet peeve we have has a strictly scientific explanation.

1. Fear of urinating in the presence of other people

You go to relieve yourself in an empty toilet (let's say, in a restaurant), and are already halfway to blissful relief, when suddenly a shuffling sound is heard behind you. And... that's it. The process has stalled. You can't squeeze out any more drops. Someone sat down at the nearby urinal. You know - he hears that your flow has suddenly dried up and this only makes the panic grow. And soon a line will form behind you. And they are all perplexed that it is you there, in complete silence...

If you have ever experienced something like this, know that you are not alone. This condition is called paruresis or, more simply, fear of urinating in public. People susceptible to paruresis cannot relieve themselves in the presence of other people, even imaginary ones. This problem is most often observed in men, but it also happens to women from time to time. Scientists claim that seven percent of people have experienced a similar condition at one time or another in their lives.

In the most serious cases, those suffering from paruresis are able to go to the toilet only in their own home, when they are sure that no one is nearby and, in the near future, is not expected. It gets to the point where some sufferers have to have a catheter inserted. Paruresis is particularly problematic when subject to drug testing, and in the UK the disorder is considered a valid reason for exemption from urine testing. And in America, paruresis is a valid reason to refuse jury duty.

2. Nail biting

Onychophagia is one of the most common mental disorders, which is expressed in compulsive nail biting. This scourge affects about 45 percent of people aged 10 to 18 years (most of them are women). Among those suffering from onychophagia there are also celebrities - Britney Spears, Jacqueline Kennedy, Eva Mendes...

This condition also has mild and severe forms. In serious cases, the cuticle and sometimes the teeth may be irreparably damaged. In addition, we must not forget about the microbes that such a person constantly releases into his body.

What's worse is that this seemingly innocent habit can affect your ability to work, your self-esteem, and your social interactions. That is, destroy life.

3. Violent emotional expression

Imagine: your boss scolds you for some serious mistake, and you feel like you’re going to burst into laughter in just a second, and you can’t help yourself. You try to pull yourself together - you understand what this threatens you with, but no matter how you restrain yourself, the guilty look is gradually replaced by a stupid smile, then a strangled laugh, and soon a real, open, loud, hysterical cackle bursts out of you.

If you've ever experienced anything like this, you may be suffering from a syndrome called violent emotional expression, also known as pseudobulbar affect.

A person in this state responds to a stressful situation with a completely opposite reaction than what would be logical to expect. For example, getting depressed from good news or starting to giggle in the most inappropriate place for this.

In addition, if a person takes pleasure in laughing at someone’s bad luck or mistakes, then this may also be a mental disorder, which is called “catagelasticism.” In the medical literature it is described as “a mental disorder in which a person takes pleasure in ridiculing others.” That is, in fact, this is a medical term for complete scoundrels.

4. Inability to recognize and express your emotional state

How often have you heard from a girl that her lover is not sincere enough with her? “He never shares his experiences with me.” “He’s somehow always aloof...” “He doesn’t care at all what’s going on in my soul!” And so on.

Believe it or not, two out of three of these complaints can be explained by a medical phenomenon called alexithymia. This term refers to a person’s inability to recognize and express in words their own emotional state. Each of us has Alexithymia to one degree or another. However, in the most severe cases, this condition can seriously poison life. According to scientists, alexithymia interferes with the lives of approximately 8-10 percent of all people, and among them there are more men than women.

In addition to problems with girlfriends, such men have an underdeveloped imagination. People suffering from alexithymia even have dreams that are logical and realistic: about them going shopping, for example, or having scrambled eggs for breakfast.

5. Intolerance to certain sounds

Almost each of us cannot tolerate some sound: foam on glass, chalk on a blackboard, the creaking of a swing, slurping... Whether this is normal or not depends on what kind of sounds they are and how much they interfere with your life.

A mental disorder called misophonia is a condition in which ordinary, unremarkable sounds cause irritation. For example, the sounds that other people make when they eat, breathe, cough, or do other completely familiar and not noisy activities.

In addition, most people are only annoyed by repeated noises, but a person suffering from misophonia can be upset by a single unpleasant sound. Cases have been recorded where such people, in a fit of irritation, smashed dishes and literally punched a wall with their fist (we're talking about drywall, of course) when someone nearby accidentally slurped.

The situation is exacerbated if the hateful sound comes from a person with whom the misophonia sufferer is emotionally connected - a family member or close friend.

Of course, such people have many problems communicating with others. They find it difficult to form romantic relationships because they cannot stand it when people eat around them. Many of them eat only alone behind closed doors.

6. Oppositional Defiance Disorder

In a large team there will always be someone who is hostile to everything that comes from “from above.” He considers his main goal to undermine the authority of his superiors in the most noisy and unpleasant way for the latter. He bickers and argues over every insignificant issue.

Do not rush to draw conclusions - it is possible that the person is not to blame for behaving this way. His stubbornness may be due to a mental disorder called oppositional defiant disorder. The medical literature describes the condition as “a long-term disorder characterized by defiance, hostility, and negativity toward superiors.”

Although this disorder is quite common in adults, children are, of course, most susceptible to it - about 20 percent. And this is not just bad behavior from time to time, but a constant condition for at least six months. If you do nothing about it, then with a probability of more than 50 percent, the situation will only get worse.

In contact with

The main causes of neurasthenia lie, as a rule, in psychological trauma against the background of mental and physical overload, as well as other factors that weaken the body, for example, such as: infections, intoxications, problems with the thyroid gland, poor nutrition, lack of sleep, alcohol consumption , smoking and others. Thus, a balanced work and rest regime, a healthy lifestyle, and the elimination of stress and physical overload can serve as a preventive measure for neurasthenia.

• quick change of mood,
• headache,
• sleep disorder,
• lack of attention,
• low mental activity,
• convulsions,
• indifference to everything
• noise in ears.

1. Hypersthenic stage

2. Irritable weakness

Any, even the most insignificant reason, can provoke violent reactions of irritation that do not last long. Increased excitability can also find expression in tearfulness, fussiness and impatience. The distinctive symptoms of neurasthenia during this period of the disease are intolerance to strong odors, loud sounds and bright light. Depression, gloominess, lethargy and indifference also appear, and headaches intensify.

3. Hyposthenic stage

The main symptoms of this period are lethargy, drowsiness, apathy, depression, inability to take any active action, and complete isolation on one’s own feelings and experiences.

How to cure neurasthenia?

There are several approaches to this:

• medical approach - more aimed at eliminating the consequences of the disease through the use of appropriate medications that alleviate the course of the disease and eliminate symptoms;
• psychoanalysis is designed to identify what served as the impetus for the emergence and development of the disease.

The maximum benefit comes from a combination of both methods of treatment: on the one hand, medical treatment, which can alleviate the patient’s suffering at a particular moment, and on the other hand, psychoanalysis, which will help to get to the bottom of the deep sources of the problem, by understanding which it will be possible to prevent subsequent occurrences of the disease.

It is necessary to treat this disease and this must be done by an appropriate specialist psychotherapist, in order to avoid the disease from flowing into more complex diseases or becoming a chronic disease. The consequences of neurasthenia usually plague people who have not received proper treatment. For example, an irritation reaction to loud noises or strong odors may persist. Depending on the characteristics of a particular individual (for example, people prone to narcissism or depression), the disease may be difficult to cure and there is a very high probability of it becoming chronic even with timely treatment.

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Cause of increased sensitivity to sounds

With increased sensitivity to sounds, a person may be irritated by children's voices, a car horn, a running vacuum cleaner, the sound of a closing door, the clanking of dishes, and much more. These sounds, as a rule, not only cause discomfort in the ears, but also lead to painful sensations. Increased sound sensitivity is accompanied by severe sound intolerance, nervousness and sleep disturbances. Such people have a very difficult time finding a common language with others; they are constantly driven to despair or frenzy by the slightest noise, even such as the buzzing of a fly. For a person suffering from hyperacusis, the uniform ticking of a clock turns into a real chime, and someone’s quiet night snoring or snoring can lead to a state of rage and anger.

The occurrence of increased hearing sensitivity

The human nervous system has fairly strong compensatory mechanisms. Simply put, if damage occurs to the outer, middle, or inner ear, the auditory system attempts to normalize the reduced amount of information that is received in the central areas through an amplification effect in the auditory pathway area. Sounds that should be normally tolerated become unbearable and often cause ear pain and discomfort.

With increased sensitivity to sounds, leading a normal life becomes almost impossible. As a result, many people are forced to give up the profession of a musician, educator or teacher, and also limit contacts with other people. Hearing sensitivity in itself is not a disease. This is a loss of balance between processes in the auditory pathways such as amplification and inhibition. This phenomenon causes a reconfiguration of auditory processes, resulting in a decrease in excitation thresholds.

It is necessary to understand how often increased hearing sensitivity manifests itself. According to research, it is known that in 40% of all cases, excessive hearing sensitivity occurs in parallel with tinnitus or hearing loss. However, in some cases, the pathology can manifest itself independently; currently, a similar syndrome is diagnosed in 15% of middle-aged people.

Reasons for increased sound sensitivity

Hyperacusis often occurs as a result of a malfunction of the auditory analyzer. Often this condition is observed at the acute stage of pathological processes such as meningitis, traumatic brain injury, encephalitis and cerebrovascular problems. If hyperacusis develops in childhood, it causes great suffering to the child. Such children sleep so lightly that they wake up even from a slight rustle. Over time, they begin to develop intolerance to certain sounds, which can cause headaches, dizziness or nausea.

Childhood hyperacusis can be partial or complete. In the first case, irritability appears at a certain interval, sound range or strong volume. With complete hyperacusis, the child cannot tolerate only too loud sounds. More often, this condition is temporary and manifests itself only as a result of the influence of sounds of a certain tonality. Hyperacusis can be caused by sounds of any tone, and painful perception can be either unilateral or bilateral.

The reason for increased sensitivity to sounds may also lie in damage to the facial nerve or inflammatory ear diseases. Often this condition provokes paralysis of the stapedius muscle, which develops as a result of damage to the facial nerve. There are cases where increased sound sensitivity is the culmination of an attack of Meniere's disease. There is a high probability of progression of hyperacusis with the development of pathological processes in the brain, mainly with tumor-like formations of the midbrain region and thalamus. In such cases, symptoms of hypersensitivity to sounds are accompanied by general hyperpathy and hyperesthesia on the side that is located opposite the pathological process.

In case of neurological diseases, the main cause of the disease is urgently eliminated with the help of sedatives and relaxation procedures. If the cause of sound intolerance lies in pathological processes that are rapidly developing in the body, it is advisable to carry out physiotherapeutic effects on the areas of the middle and outer ear.

For therapeutic purposes, the fluctuarization procedure is used, in which exposure to sinusoidal currents of low voltage and low strength occurs, which change randomly. Such manipulations have a resolving, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect, and symmetrically fluctuating currents reduce swelling.

Is loud noise intolerance a disease? What kind and how to treat it?

Hearing hypersensitivity is a feeling of discomfort in the ears, which is provoked by loud and irritating sounds from the outside world. Many people experience negative emotions only with very loud noises, but there are others who try to avoid even less intense noises. Each person has a specific reason for increased sensitivity to sounds, the most serious risk factors are: autism, meningitis, migraines and neurological diseases.

The painful perception of sounds is called hyperacusis, a condition in which even weak sounds are perceived as excessively intense. In especially severe cases, hyperacusis is very painful for the sick person. Everything begins to irritate him, pronounced reactions of a neurotic nature appear, which interfere with adequately perceiving the world around him and performing his usual current work.

If a person is hypersensitive to sounds, they may.

There are several conditions that are classified as sound intolerance:

Hyperacusis is a painful condition in which any sound, even the faintest, is perceived as too intense. Habitual sounds not only irritate and cause a feeling of discomfort, but also develop painful sensations, nervousness, and sleep disturbances.

For people with hyperacusis, any sound can cause aggression, for example, snoring, the buzzing of a fly, the ticking of a clock, the slightest noise at night. The mechanism of development of hyperacusis

Hyperacusis is not an independent disease! According to the development mechanism, hyperacusis is an imbalance between the enhancement and inhibition of processes in the auditory pathways. As a result, the thresholds of excitation decrease and familiar sounds become unbearable.

The main cause of hyperacusis is diseases of the outer, middle and inner ear. With this pathology, it becomes almost impossible to lead a normal life.

Neurasthenia (asthenic neurosis) is a common mental disorder from the group of neuroses. It manifests itself in increased fatigue, irritability, and inability to endure prolonged stress (physical or mental).

Asthenic neurosis most often occurs in young men, but it also occurs in women. It develops during prolonged physical or emotional stress, prolonged conflicts or frequent stressful situations, or personal tragedies.

Causes

somatic diseases; endocrine disorders; chronic lack of sleep; insufficient.

Asks: Healthy:22:37)

Hello! percentage of years I have been suffering from the problem of Misophonia, information about which has finally appeared on the Russian Internet, since this problem has long been known abroad. The problem is very difficult at times and many people, including me, now need help on the Internet, there is one single group on VKontakte in which there are already more than 100 people, this is of course not 8000, for example, like in a similar one on Facebook, but still.

The problem is intolerance to a huge number of sounds, as well as its derivatives, such as visual, olfactory and tactile stimuli. It’s hard to live with this. They say that a 100 percent cure has not yet been found, but I hope that someone can solve this

I can say that most likely it is based on psychological trauma, stress, etc. Such psychosomatics.

Here it is, very briefly. Please help with advice or anything anyone can.

Complaints of misophonia (or intolerance to certain sounds) are easy to dismiss because we all, to one degree or another, have a list of sounds that we “just can’t stand.” However, a small group of people do have a serious problem that seriously affects their lives. Individual sounds that act as a “trigger” can cause them to have a “fight or flight” response, outbursts of rage, or simply cause them to avoid them and thereby miss out on an important part of life. A group of audiologists have been working for several years to evaluate and treat patients with misophonia, drawing on knowledge about tinnitus and sound therapy.

The term “misophonia” was introduced ten years ago by Dr. Pavel Yastrebov. It is one of the varieties of reduced tolerance to sounds. What is it - a psychological or auditory disorder, or maybe both? Psychologists, audiologists and even doctors often dismiss it or are at a loss as to what to do with patients who demonstrate such a strange pattern.

The signs of neurasthenia are varied, but among them the following are the most common:

rapid mood swings, headache, sleep disturbance, lack of attention, low mental activity, seizures, indifference to everything, tinnitus.

It is customary to distinguish three stages in the course of this disease.

1. Hypersthenic stage

This is the initial stage of the disease. Symptoms of neurasthenia at this stage are expressed in increased mental excitability and a pronounced nervous reaction. Anything can cause irritation: from simple noise to crowds of people. Very quickly, patients lose their state of nervous and mental balance, shout at others, and lose self-control. At this stage, a person experiences problems with concentration, they are unable to concentrate on anything, are distracted and complain of poor memory. Headaches, a feeling of heaviness in the head, and pressure in the temples are also common.

2. Irritable weakness

Anyone, even the most.

Neurosis is a collective name for reversible psychogenic disorders, which are characterized by a protracted course. In medicine there is still no specific designation for this disease, therefore neurosis is considered as a functional disorder of higher nervous activity.

It is quite difficult to answer the question of what exactly may bother you during neurosis. Because pain manifests itself in different ways.

With neurosis, very often a person suffers from pain in the heart, head, stomach, back, muscles and other organs. This brings unpleasant sensations and discomfort not only physically, but also psychologically.

The patient often has to run from one doctor to another, take tests and undergo examinations until he finally gets to see a psychotherapist.

There are different causes of neuroses. These are chronic stressful situations, psychological trauma, overwork, aggression and conflicts in the family.

According to modern medical statistics, up to 30% of the entire population of the planet complains of certain hearing problems. Most often these are complaints of tinnitus, a specific “ticking”, a feeling of stuffiness, or something pressing on the ears from the inside. Sometimes these unpleasant sensations are accompanied by nausea, dizziness and headaches. All this suggests that the patient urgently needs to visit a medical facility.

Characteristic symptoms accompanying pressure on the ears from the inside

Pressure on the ears from the inside - symptoms

Such symptoms can occur in people of different ages - from children to the elderly. They are in no way related to age-related changes in the body (with the exception of a number of diseases caused by age-related tissue degeneration and impaired functioning of the hearing organs, as well as the human vascular system).

There is a feeling that something is pressing on the ears from the inside, a feeling.

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CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTICS OF MENIERE'S DISEASE.

In the last 20 years, most researchers have classified Meniere's disease as a nosological entity, however, many questions about its essence, initial manifestations, patterns of clinical course and outcomes remain the focus of attention of otolaryngologists.

The relevance of developing methodological recommendations for diagnosing Meniere’s disease is due to the fact that recently new methods for diagnosing the disease have been created, treatment methods have been optimized, and classification issues that are of interest for practical healthcare have been clarified. It should be noted that the features of hearing and balance damage in Meniere’s disease usually often and for a long time impair the ability to work and often lead to disability of the patient.

This work presents the most modern methodological recommendations for general clinical and special.

What signs may indicate illness and what you need to do if you suspect that your child has meningitis.

Did you hear the word meningitis from the doctor’s lips and a wave of emotions overwhelmed you? You need to pull yourself together. Yes, meningitis poses a real threat to a child’s life and has a high probability of complications, but this disease can be treated today! Under one, but very important condition: if you don’t waste time and immediately go to the hospital!

From sick to healthy

Meningitis can be caused by bacteria (meningococcus, pneumococcus, Haemophilus influenzae, staphylococcus), viruses (mumps, enterovirus), fungi (candida), even helminths!

Often, the disease is transmitted by airborne droplets through infected droplets of mucus that are released from the patient’s nasopharynx. Then the infection penetrates the blood, the cranial cavity and there causes inflammation of the membranes of the brain. This is meningitis. More often it is picked up by children who have had it.

Neurosis refers to a number of reversible mental disorders. There are several types of neuroses, accompanied by various symptoms. According to statistics, a fifth of the entire world population suffers from neurosis of varying severity. The disease is often accompanied by asthenic syndrome and leads to a decrease in the patient's performance.

Causes of neuroses

The primary causes of neurosis are the patient’s mental stress. This occurs as a result of prolonged exposure to stress, excessive worries and emotional tension. The nervous system needs proper rest, and if it is not provided on time, the patient develops neurosis.

The destructive influence of stress leads to exhaustion of the nervous system. The risk group consists of people concerned about their own careers. Long-term work “for wear and tear”, without the opportunity to fully rest and relax, leads to overstrain of the nervous system and its further development.

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1. Do you want to get specialist advice? Use the internal search on the site - perhaps the answer that will help you clarify the situation is already on our site. Try to formulate your request as clearly and simply as possible - there is a greater chance that you will find exactly what you need.

2. GUTA-CLINIC doctors reserve the right not to comment on the prescriptions of other attending physicians. All questions about the prescribed treatment should be addressed only to the specialist with whom you are being observed.

3. Even if you describe your symptoms and complaints very accurately, a specialist will not diagnose you over the Internet. A doctor’s consultation is of a general nature and in no case replaces the need for an in-person visit to the doctor. Without laboratory diagnostics and instrumental.

Asthenic syndrome can be a consequence of prolonged emotional or intellectual overstrain, as well as many mental illnesses. Often asthenia occurs after acute infectious and non-infectious diseases, intoxication (for example, poisoning), traumatic brain injury.

Signs of asthenic syndrome

With asthenia, patients experience irritable weakness, expressed by increased excitability, easily changing mood, and irascibility, which intensifies in the afternoon and evening. The mood is always low, patients are capricious, tearful, and constantly express their dissatisfaction to others.

Asthenic syndrome is also characterized by intolerance to bright light, loud sounds, and strong odors. Headaches and sleep disturbances are often observed.

Good afternoon. I have the following problem: I have always been annoyed by extraneous sounds, both monotonous (I can tolerate the dripping of water from a tap for two seconds, then if I don’t turn off the tap, I can get angry), or just extraneous noises. When the TV or music was turned on loudly at home, when they were vacuuming. I found a way out, moved to a separate apartment, and settled down. But then new neighbors appeared above. I work from home, so from 8 am until night I hear them making noise. We have very thin floors, walls, and ceilings. I hear them walking, moving furniture, banging something, a child running. Yes, you can change your home, but I already realized to myself that this is a global problem, don’t change your home, the sounds will still irritate me! In the summer, the sounds of children's voices on the street, or if music is playing from the car (and this happens almost everywhere), are annoying. What do I mean by “enrage”: at first I’m just very nervous, then I almost start shaking, hysterical, I can cry, beat my hands.

Headache as a symptom

“I have a headache” is one of the most common complaints when visiting a doctor. It also tops the list of complaints among patients diagnosed with vegetative-vascular dystonia. Headache and accompanying discomfort (dizziness, heaviness in the head) are a general medical problem. These symptoms can be either the consequences of various processes of a vascular, traumatic, inflammatory or tumor nature occurring in the head area, or a manifestation of various diseases of a physical or psychological nature.

If a person often has a headache, this should be taken seriously, because... a similar symptom may be a manifestation of cerebrovascular disease. This is a serious disease in which the blood supply to certain areas of the brain is disrupted. The most common forms of this disease are cerebral embolism and cerebral thrombosis. A rupture of a cerebral vessel may also occur.

Lactose intolerance. This term is familiar to some mothers of newborn babies, as well as to those whose bodies cannot normally accept dairy foods.

What kind of disease is this? What are its causes and symptoms? How to overcome the disease? And is it possible to somehow prevent its occurrence?

You will find all this (and much more) in our article!

What is lactose

Lactose is a carbohydrate found in milk and dairy products, sometimes called milk sugar. It is very important and useful for the human body.

For example, lactose stimulates the formation of beneficial bifidobacteria, activates the production of vitamins C and B, promotes the absorption of calcium and serves as a source of energy.

This organic substance can also be used as a food additive to improve the taste and quality of products such as toffee, marmalade, chocolate and even sausage.

Very often, lactose is used for medicinal purposes, for example, during the production of penicillin.

Nervous irritation, or why sounds irritated me

Nervous irritation. Oh, this disease has been familiar to me for a long time. Have you seen people who are constantly wearing headphones, and music is blaring loudly from them? In transport, in a cafe, on a walk. Just recently I was exactly the same. Why did sounds irritate me? I didn't know then. But I couldn’t live without headphones - I needed them always and everywhere. To isolate yourself from everyone, to close yourself off. And if suddenly they were not found in my bag, I experienced real attacks of panic and nervous irritation at everyone around me and everything that was happening around me.

What, you can’t carry a handkerchief with you? - I thought angrily if a person with a cold sat down next to me, sniffling every now and then.

What, your mother didn’t teach you how to behave civilly? - I was furious when, in line at the clinic, I got stuck next to a man chomping gum for the entire corridor.

Oh God, not this disgusting! - I screamed to myself when I saw a person approaching, crunching popcorn or spitting sunflower seeds - these people were my number one enemies.

And although hatred and nervous irritation bubbled up in my soul, I never said anything out loud. Why do sounds irritate me so much? This question always faded into the background; nervous irritation was at the center of everything!

A hundred thousand times I repeated curses to myself in the direction of that scoundrel who annoyed me, and this got to the point where my heart began to pound nervously and my hands began to tremble, but I can’t tell. I couldn't say! After all, others are silent and patient (I thought so), which means I should do the same - behave nicely and intelligently, and put away my nervous tension. deeper. And then, when the sound stimulus went away, she continued to rage for a long time and thought: “I should have told you how to behave!” These thoughts burned me completely, they tormented me - my nerves were shaken to the limit.

Why are sounds so annoying and how to deal with it?

And it was precisely in such situations that loud music in headphones came to my aid. She gave relief to my ears, and I simply closed my eyes so as not to see this annoying, unpleasant world. And since every year there were more and more irritants, the headphones literally became like a glove in my body - I almost never parted with them. They were either in a bag, or on a shelf near the bed, or on the desktop. Always. With no exceptions. They were my cure for nervous irritation and hatred towards others, which was difficult for me to cope with.

I can't call myself a music fan. And when I was choosing what to put on the player for listening, I always had one priority - something louder. Of course, the reason for my “love” for music was that I wanted to drown out the world around me, which was terribly annoying and infuriating.

Can nervous irritation from sounds disappear on its own? Tested on my own skin - yes!

A year ago, I took a training course on system-vector psychology by Yuri Burlan - the lecturer mentioned many times that sound engineers should never use headphones to close themselves off from the outside world, this leads to a complete disconnection from the outside world. It becomes harder and harder for such a person to live every day, this leads to even greater illness and nervous irritation, and then to emotional exhaustion and depression.

When I heard this for the first time, I was horrified, how could I refuse the greatest, in my then understanding, invention of the world - little tiny things in which music thunders and relieves nervous irritation? I was sure that it would never be the case that I could be in a public place without them. Yes, my hands started to shake if I couldn’t get them out of my bag quickly enough and stick them in my ears! And here they offer me to part with them forever? Yes, this cannot be! But with each new lecture, especially on the sound vector, already at the second level of training, I caught myself thinking that I understand that this is true: headphones are the main reason for my increasing nervous tension.

After Yuri Burlan’s training lectures, I discovered a completely different type of attitude - I began to understand people better. Time passed, I changed jobs. Life spun and ran. The sounds gradually began to irritate me less; I no longer experienced such nervous tension as before.

It so happened that I began to travel less on public transport. And somehow by chance I needed headphones less and less, the surrounding irritant simply disappeared. But I still took them with me just in case. It often happened that the irritant appeared nearby, but I restrained myself from putting on headphones. If the situation became unbearable (rarely, but it happened), I simply moved away from the irritant, for example, got off at a bus stop, and quickly forgot about it. I managed this quite easily. Probably the reason was that I began to understand why the sounds irritated me. Irritability was associated with a stressful skin vector, the stress of which manifests itself precisely in suffocating nervous irritation. The problem is that with an unfilled sound vector, other vectors cannot be realized - and this is the result, a terrible tension that exhausts, kills the remnants of nerve cells, and binds the rest into a shaking ball of hatred. Having filled the sound vector, I had the opportunity to understand and realize desires in the skin vector, to experience a feeling of happiness and satisfaction from life.

Why did sounds irritate me? The main thing is that today they are no longer annoying!

Surprisingly, today I don’t remember where my headphones are. I, the very person whose hands were once shaking, was torn to pieces by nervous irritation when these same headphones, as luck would have it, got tangled, and next to me sat a man whose nose sounds made me mad, NOW I CAN LIVE WITHOUT HEADPHONES. And without nervous irritation.

And this life is wonderful!

If I succeeded, then you will be even more successful in getting rid of nervous irritation. And you will definitely be able to answer the question “Why do sounds irritate me?” or something else is annoying. It's simple. Sign up for free trainings on system-vector psychology by Yuri Burlan by completing a simple registration, and after the first 2 lessons a lot will become obvious to you.

You can watch the lectures right now - follow this link and watch any video.

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Children with autism have ear muscles that are more sensitive to sounds than other children. This is the conclusion reached by researchers from the Department of Neurology at the University of Pittsburgh. ( Lukose, R., Brown, K., Barber, C. M. & Kulesza, R. J. Quantification of the stapedial reflex reveals delayed responses in autism. Autism Res. 6, 344–53 (2013). Some andThe researchers claim that measuring the sensitivity of the middle ear muscles to sound could serve as a simple clinical biomarker for autism, while other scientists fundamentally disagree.

There are two muscles in the middle ear (the stapedius muscle - m. Stapedius and the muscle of the tympanic chord - m. Tensor tympany) their function is to reflexively contract in response to a loud sound in order to reduce the amplitude of vibrations of the eardrum and reduce the force of the sound shock on the cochlear receptors during inner ear. For the most part, the stapedius muscle is involved in this reflex, which is why the reflex bears its name.

So-called stapedial reflexCaused by the contraction of the thin stapedius muscle inside the middle ear in response to a loud sound. The contraction of the muscle pulls the stapedius bone away from the inner ear, which reduces its amplitude of vibration in response to sound and protects the inner ear from strong vibration. The study found that in children with autism, the stapedial reflex is a fraction of a second slower and can be triggered by a sound several decibels quieter than in other children in the control group.

Doctors routinely examine the stapedial reflex in infants, but usually determine only the fact of its presence or absence. Scientists believe that a precise measurement assessing chronometry and loudness sensitivity could provide a biomarker that could indicate autism years before behavioral problems become apparent. (It may be difficult to resist the provocative conclusion that the discovery of hypersensitivity to loud noises in early childhood would lead to a diagnosis of autism. The next step may be to prescribe treatment long before classic symptoms, which is unacceptable. Note trans.)

"We hope that this test could be a screening test for young children, even newborns," says the leader of the research team. Randy Kulesza Assistant Professor of Anatomy at Erie Medical College of Pennsylvania. Several groups have found other physiological differences in children with autism, such as tachycardia (rapid heartbeat) and slow pupillary response to light.

These tests are most suitable due to their availability. They are not expensive, do not take much time to perform, and can be performed directly in the doctor's office. While detection of most biomarkers in autism requires complex and expensive technologies such as brain imaging.

Some scientists, however, are skeptical about such screening. They say the study is based on a small group of children and adolescents with autism who also have auditory or attention difficulties. For example, G. Ramsay, director of the Verbal Communication Laboratory at the Autism Center in Atlanta, says: “The idea that we could do a test like this (to detect autism)babies is a ridiculous assumption.”

The stapedial reflex occurs throughbrain stem- a nerve tract that connects the brain with the rest of the body. In 1996, scientists in New York studied post-mortem brain tissue from a young woman who suffered from autism during her lifetime. They found an almost complete absence of nerve cells inupper olive, which, as is known, acts as a relay node for sound information along the auditory sensitivity tract.Rodier, P. M., Ingram, J. L., Tisdale, B., Nelson, S. & Romano, J. Embryological origin for autism: developmental anomalies of the cranial nerve motor nuclei. J. Comp. Neurol. 370, 247–61 (1996).

“This paper led me to hypothesize that perhaps these auditory sensory pathways are damaged in the autism brain,” says R. Kulesza.

Several years ago, R. Kulesza began studying samples of brain stem tissue obtained through the “Material Basis of Autism” program from a repository of the brains of individuals who had autism during their lifetime.(According to the existing program "Autism Tissue Program" Any patients suffering from autism and related diseases can become posthumous brain donors by registering. Their brains will be used by scientists for scientific purposes and to find the material basis for their disease. Note trans.)As in earlier studies, Kulesza found a significantly significantdecrease in the number of neurons in the superior olive nucleicompared to the control group.Kulesza, R. J., Lukose, R. & Stevens, L. V. Malformation of the human superior olive in autistic spectrum disorders. Brain Res.1367, 360–71 (2011) .

Brain slice Auditory cortex - auditory cortex Brainstem - brain stem Superior olivary nucleus - nuclei of the superior olive Cochlea - cochlea

“Normally this structure(superior olive kernels)consists of approximately 15,000 nerve cells. However, in autism we found only about 5000(!) neurons, and sometimes even less,” says R. Kulesza.

Neurons of the superior olive are also responsible for the stapedial reflex. In the latest study, Kulesza examined 15 years of medical records at a nearby clinic for children with autism (Barber National Institute in Erie, Pennsylvania) that received the test. The records identified 54 children with autism, and the test was also administered to 29 typically developing children. The test itself does not take much time and is absolutely painless. The child puts on headphones that simultaneously sound a loud signal and record changes in pressure in the ear.

The study found that sounds between 88 and 91 dB—about the same as a passing motorcycle—produced a reflex response (a protective tightening of the stapedius muscle with increased pressure and resistance to excessive sound vibrations) in a control group of normal children. However, in children with autism, the reflex was recorded at a less loud sound - 83-90 dB, which corresponds approximately in volume to the operation of a hair dryer or blender.

The remaining groups used different tests to assess sensitivity and sound processing in the brain in autism. For example, in 2000, researchers used electroencephalography (EEG), a non-invasive technique for recording electromagnetic waves generated by the brain from the surface of the scalp.

The so-called “sound evoked potentials” were measured, a special response of brain cells caused by a sound tone or a simple click applied to the ear. Atypical slowing of the EEG response has been identified in some children with autism, as well as healthy members of their families.Maziade, M. et al. Prolongation of brainstem auditory-evoked responses in autistic probands and their unaffected relatives. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 57, 1077–83 (2000).

(In connection with this fact, the statement that auditory sensitivity always suffers in autism may sound provocative and be disputed by some. Painful sensitivity to sounds is not autism. It would probably be more correct to say that against the background of a low threshold of sound sensitivity may the risk of autism and related conditions increases. Awareness of this fact will apparently be the first step towards reducing risks. The identified signs are not yet a diagnosis, but rather part of a set of properties of the nervous system, the tip of the iceberg, which scientists have discovered in the morphology of the brain (low number of neurons in the superior olivary nuclei) and its functions (delayed response to an auditory signal).Formal attention to individual aspects of morphology and function is likely to lead researchers away from the roots and nature of precisely the mental disorders that are in the clinical picture of autism and similar conditions are dominant.Hence, it is probably clear why Kulesza's conclusions look provocative in the scientific community. Note lane).

Finding reliable brain biomarkers could be of great help for the early identification of children with autism, the researchers insist. Most children are not diagnosed until they are 3 or 4 years old, whereas research shows that the earlier treatment is started, the better. “The stapedial reflex can be examined even on the day the child is born,” states R. Kulesza.

It would be interesting to know whether the researchers have any doubts that these children were not diagnosed for the simple reason that they did not have the disease itself at that time? Some parents of children with autism whom I have spoken to insist that their children did not show any signs of the disease until a certain age. The behavior of children could have its own characteristics, not entirely recognized by the parents, but quite within the normal range. Despite the fact that some mothers noted on their part that they experienced severe stress precisely in those years and were distinguished by excessive anxiety and a loud voice. Note lane

The facts discovered by the study are accompanied by numerous explanations to avoid misinterpretation. Scientists have not accurately calculated sensitivity numbers, so it is not entirely clear how reliably it is possible to predict whether a child will have autism(based on stapedial reflex only). They also did not look at reflex results in children with other disorders.

This new study is one of many looking at sensory issues that are often found in people with autism. Some children with this condition are hypersensitive to any noise, while others, for example, have trouble distinguishing sounds accurately.

If this is confirmed by other studies, then the definitionstapedial reflexcould provide clues for scientists to study the pathways that process auditory sensitivity, said T. Roberts, co-director of radiology research at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. "Perhaps most exciting is the idea that deficits in auditory sensitivity are a critical basis for the development of autism," Roberts says. A team of scientists under his leadership, usingmagnetoencephalography, found a delay in the later stages of sound processing already in subnetworks of the cerebral cortex.

Magnetoencephalography (MEG), a rarely used study, with only about 100 machines in the world, of cortical activity. Normal speech rate 250 ms per syllable. The child’s brain is able to localize and differentiate sounds, and subsequently extract the meaning of the phrase. An adult already actively follows the interlocutor’s thoughts and recognizes the subtext, however, even a slight delay in sound processing can complicate verbal communication. T.Roberts revealed in 2010, delay from 10 to 50 ms in children with autism, which can be a significant barrier to communication.

Other experts indicate that the subnetworks of the cerebral cortex in which higher sound processing occurs are more significant for the development of autism than the primary sound processing centers at the level of the brain stem(olive kernels) . Research conducted a decade ago found no significant problems with auditory or visual sensitivity in individuals with autism. At least two of them are known ( 1. Gravel, J. S., Dunn, M., Lee, W. W. & Ellis, M. A. Peripheral audition of children on the autistic spectrum. Ear Hear. 27, 299–312 (2006). 2. Tharpe, A. M. et al. Auditory characteristics of children with autism. Ear Hear. 27, 430–41 (2006). ) found no differences in the stapedial reflex between children with autism and children in the control group. “Most likely this is not just a mechanism as such for impaired hearing physiology in autism,” says T. Ramsay, “it is a way by which the mechanism of actively receiving information from the outside world is carried out.”

A person is constantly surrounded by a whole stream of sounds of varying intensity. Some of them are clearly distinguishable, others are in the nature of background noise. Sounds can evoke an emotional response. Harsh and unpleasant have a negative connotation. But for people with hyperacusis, even ordinary sounds of low or minimal intensity bring unpleasant sensations.

Hyperacusis is often not an independent disease, but a symptom accompanying other neurological diseases. This is the perception of sounds that causes pain even from weak signals perceived as intense. The condition is painful for the patient, leading to neuroticism and the inability to live normally and do normal work.

Development of pathology

Hypersensitivity to sounds is divided into three separate types of disease: recruitment, phonophobia and hyperacusis. The development of recruitment is associated with a decrease in the number of sensitive cells of the inner ear. As a result, a small change in the strength of the stimulus leads to an excessively strong reaction of the hearing aid.

Engagement of the limbic system automatically excites the autonomic nervous system, causing the release of adrenaline and corresponding body reactions. Hypersensitivity to sounds in this form is phonophobia. Hyperacusis usually depends on central sound processing mechanisms; with simultaneous hearing pathology, it is sometimes combined with recruitment.

Causes of hyperacusis

The development of pathology is associated with discoordination of the processes of excitation and inhibition in the auditory pathways. The limbic system plays a role in this. An increase in noise is observed during strong emotions: stressful situations, experiences, but the impulses from the ear have the same strength. This leads to increased anxiety and stimulates the limbic and sympathetic systems.

Increased sound sensitivity can develop at any age. It happens:

• partial: certain sounds cannot be tolerated;
• complete: all loud sounds cause pain and anxiety.

The causes of hyperacusis are varied:

1. Infectious diseases of the brain: encephalitis.
2. Head injuries.
3. Neurological diseases: neuroses, panic attacks.
4. Vascular pathologies: .
5. Paresis of the stapedius muscle.
6. Meniere's disease.
7. Brain tumors.

Each of these conditions is accompanied by signs of the underlying disease. There are several degrees of discomfort:

1. There are sensations of tingling and popping in the ears, pressure when exposed to low-frequency noise.
2. Additionally, low and high frequencies of noise cause concern, there is a tickling sensation, and speech intelligibility decreases by 10–30%.
3. Pain in the ears occurs, patients ask others to speak more quietly, speech intelligibility is reduced by 40–80%.
4. The patient cannot tolerate noise and quiet sounds, and is accompanied by vegetative and emotional disorders. Speech is 100% unintelligible.

Manifestations of the disease

Symptoms of hyperacusis may vary in intensity at different stages of the disease. Often it is a temporary phenomenon, sometimes it appears from sounds of a certain key. Hypersensitivity can be unilateral or bilateral. It may be combined with hearing loss.

Additional symptoms appear over time: headache, dizziness, nausea, sleep disturbances. Such people sleep very lightly and can wake up from the slightest sound. They are disturbed by the ticking of a clock, the buzzing of insects, or the sniffling of another person in their sleep. Attempts to use earplugs do not lead to the desired result.

Psychological tension, nervousness and irritability increase. Increased emotional distress further intensifies the symptoms of the disease. In parallel, there are symptoms of the underlying disease. Infectious processes in the brain are accompanied by intoxication, loss of appetite, weakness, and fever. With meningitis, a characteristic rash appears on the skin, and confusion is possible.

Manifestations are determined by the severity of the damage. In mild forms, these include dizziness, headache, and nausea. With severe concussions, vomiting, loss of consciousness, and amnesia occur. Additional symptoms of a brain tumor depend on the location of the process. These may be motor and speech disorders, visual impairments, and epileptic seizures.

Therapeutic measures for hyperacusis

Treatment of hyperacusis begins after identifying the underlying disease. The main focus is getting rid of the cause of the disease. Local effects are used directly for hyperacusis. Cotton balls soaked in oil products are inserted into the ear canal. A course of vitamins A, E, C, group B, and vascular medications Vinpocetine, Cavinton, Piracetam, Eufillin are prescribed.

With increased neuroticism, sedatives are used. They start with light sedation with extracts of valerian, motherwort, peony tincture, St. John's wort preparations Neuroplant and Deprim. A more pronounced sedative effect is exerted by:

• bromine preparations (Adonis Bromine, Bromcamphor);
• nootropic Phenibut;
• tranquilizers: Elenium, Valium, Phenazepam.

Treatment of a brain infection involves the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and detoxification.

Brain tumors are removed surgically, supplementing treatment with chemotherapy and radiation therapy. The result of treatment and prognosis are determined by the stage of detection of the tumor and the localization of the space-occupying lesion.

Treatment for traumatic brain injury depends on the severity of the injury. Vascular support agents, diuretics, and nootropics are prescribed.

Meniere's disease in combination with hyperacusis is treated with vasodilators containing atropine and scopolamine, diuretics, and antipsychotics.

A physiotherapeutic effect on the outer and middle ear with fluctuating currents has a good effect on the manifestation of hyperacusis. They relieve swelling, improve tissue repair and reorganization of inflammation. Patients tolerate this treatment well; long and intensive procedures eliminate the manifestation of the disease. To carry it out, the device “Slukh-OTO-1” is used. The positive electrode is placed in the ear canal, and the negative electrode in the mouth on the side of the affected ear. The course of treatment is up to 10 days, 20 minutes daily.

Did you know that when it develops, the patient complains of hearing loss on the right side.

Read what it is prescribed for, contraindications, side effects.

Find out how it manifests itself. Complications of the disease.

Conclusion

Therapy for hyperacusis is long-term. Inflammatory and infectious diseases with early treatment have a good prognosis for cure and reduction of pathological symptoms. Meniere's disease and the consequences of a severe stroke or injury cannot be completely cured. Manifestations of increased sensitivity to sounds will constantly accompany the patient, but they may decrease during the course of treatment. Hyperacusis against the background of neuroses is relieved under the influence of sedatives.

Neurasthenia ("manager" syndrome) is one of the clinical manifestations of neuroses, which is characterized by a state of increased excitability and rapid exhaustion in combination with sleep disorders, emotional instability and autonomic disorders.

Constant rush, high competition, achieving more and more new goals. This is what most managers face every day. Many of the employees of offices and all kinds of companies suffer from neurasthenia. This is where the tendency to call neurasthenia “manager” syndrome comes from.

Who develops it?

Neurasthenia is a fairly common pathology, the disease occurs in 1.2-5% of people.

Most often, this disorder affects women, as well as young people starting an independent life. Untrained people who do not tolerate stress well are predisposed to the occurrence of this disease. And also persons with an asthenic constitution - thin people with a poorly developed muscular system, thin bones and a narrow chest.

The higher a person’s position, the more zealously he works and the greater his personal interest in the work performed, the higher the likelihood of developing neurasthenia. The conclusion is obvious: lazy people are not at risk of neurasthenia.

Causes

A common cause of neurasthenia is industrial nervousness. This disease usually occurs in people engaged in mental work. Office workers suffer from this disease.

Neurasthenia is a pathology of modern residents of megacities. Sky-high goals, an intense work schedule, high competition, a huge amount of information that needs to be absorbed, and constant time pressure - all this can cause a “failure” in the functioning of the nervous system.

There is a triad of factors that, when combined, can provoke the development of neurasthenia:

1. lack of time;
2. a large amount of information to be absorbed;
3. high motivation for activity.

Symptoms

Another name for neurasthenia is asthenic neurosis. The disease is so called because its main manifestation is (neurosis, manifested by asthenia). With this disorder, increased irritability is combined with increased fatigue.

Symptoms of neurasthenia, such as violent reactions of irritation and outbursts of anger, can occur at the slightest provocation. They are frequent but short-lived. Patients with neurasthenia are not able to fully control the external manifestations of their emotions. There may be tearfulness, previously not characteristic of this person, impatience, fussiness, and increased sensitivity. Patients themselves regret that they are not able to fully restrain their emotions.

Mood with neurasthenia tends to decrease. Patients are dissatisfied with both themselves and those around them. If earlier cheerful companies and communication with friends brought pleasure, then with the onset of illness it begins to irritate, bore, and even provoke headaches.

Increased sensitivity

When describing the signs of neurasthenia, one cannot fail to mention increased sensitivity.

Patients become very sensitive to external stimuli. They do not tolerate bright light or loud sounds well. They are irritated by the ticking of a clock, dripping water, or the creaking of a door. The bed seems too hard, and the bed seems too rough (just like in the fairy tale “The Princess and the Pea”). People suffering from “manager” syndrome are extremely sensitive even to sensations from the internal organs - “they feel the heart beating, the intestines working.”

With asthenic neurosis, waiting becomes incredibly painful. Students suffering from neurasthenia often report that sitting through lectures is incredibly difficult. They are forced to constantly change their posture, look for a comfortable position, and perform many useless actions, making it difficult for both themselves and others to absorb information.

Headache

One of the constant signs of hypersensitivity is tension headaches, which cause significant inconvenience to patients. Headaches can be varied - perceived as a feeling of pressure, tightening, tingling in the back of the head or forehead. Quite often, with neurasthenia, headaches are of a compressive nature, which is how the term “neurasthenic helmet” appeared. Some patients have pulsating headaches.

When changing body position or turning the head, painful sensations can radiate along the spine, accompanied by noise or ringing in the ears, and dizziness. Sometimes even brushing your hair can trigger a headache.

Decreased performance

Patients often complain of decreased memory (especially for dates, names, phone numbers), and inability to perform previous work. Also characterized by increased distractibility and difficulty concentrating.

It is difficult for patients to follow the thoughts of their interlocutor, to read a necessary document to the end, or to listen to a lecture, and in this regard, labor productivity sharply decreases.

Having turned to work, within a few minutes the patient may catch himself thinking about something completely different. The inability to concentrate on the work at hand provokes the appearance of even more.

Sleep disorders

An important sign of neurasthenia is sleep disturbances. They can manifest as difficulty falling asleep, drowsiness during the day and insomnia at night, disturbing dreams, superficial sleep that does not bring a feeling of rest. Sometimes patients fall asleep easily, but at the slightest noise they immediately wake up and after that cannot fall asleep again. In the morning they get up feeling weak and lethargic.

Fatigue in the morning during the daytime can be replaced by a chaotic desire to catch up. However, this, in turn, contributes to rapid fatigue.

Autonomic symptoms

In addition to headaches during physical activity or anxiety, various vegetative manifestations may occur. Most often this is shortness of breath, rapid heartbeat, paleness or redness of the skin, sweating, cold extremities.

Also, with asthenic neurosis, vegetative manifestations from the gastrointestinal tract may occur. These include an increase in appetite (“brutal hunger”), combined with rapid satiation with food, or its decrease until complete disappearance. Heartburn, belching, constipation, and a feeling of heaviness in the stomach may appear.

Another common complaint of patients is interruptions in the functioning of the heart (in more detail). An objective examination can detect fluctuations in blood pressure and extraordinary heart contractions (extrasystoles).

Some patients complain of decreased sexual desire and impotence, with which they come to see a sex therapist.

Types of neurasthenia

There are two variants of neurasthenia - reactive neurasthenia and exhaustion neurosis:

• The reactive variant mainly occurs as a result of traumatic situations. The background for its development can be frequent lack of sleep, chronic fatigue, and recent acute somatic diseases.
• The cause of exhaustion neurosis is exorbitant, most often intellectual, stress.

There is another classification of neurasthenia, according to which there are 2 forms - hyposthenic and hypersthenic.

Hyposthenic and hypersthenic forms

Hypersthenic neurasthenia is characterized by increased irritability, excessive sensitivity to external stimuli, distractibility, and a tendency to affective reactions.

The main manifestations of hyposthenic neurasthenia are a constant feeling of fatigue, rapid exhaustion, inability to perform any work for a long time, and drowsiness.

Often, hypersthenic and hyposthenic forms are only intermediate stages of the disease. Initially, excessive irritability and excitability appear (hypersthenic stage), which may be replaced by weakness and exhaustion (hyposthenic stage).

A short rest does not help restore strength. Patients are constantly worried, create a tense environment around themselves, and can lash out and yell at loved ones and subordinates.

Neurasthenia has the most favorable course. She responds well to treatment.