Laryngitis - causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. Forms of laryngitis: chronic, acute, allergic, hyperplastic. When to treat laryngitis with antibiotics Hyperplastic laryngitis - what is it

Laryngitis can be acute or chronic. The short-term (acute) course of the disease does not exceed one to two weeks. Symptoms of a chronic process appear for two weeks or more. If the signs of laryngitis do not subside for a long time, it is best to consult a doctor, since inflammation of the larynx may be caused by hidden pathologies of the body.

A medical specialist will first prescribe a diagnosis to determine the cause of the disease. The treatment regimen for laryngitis combines the following principles:

• maintaining a voice mode (complete silence or whispering);
• psycho-emotional stability to prevent spasms;
• taking warm milk with honey or Borjomi often, in small portions;
• the air in the room with the patient should be fresh, warm and humid (use special humidifiers or place a basin of water);
• Avoid cold, spicy, hot, salty foods in your diet;
• steam inhalations with the addition of iodine, eucalyptus, anise or menthol oils are indicated;
• apply compresses to the neck/chest area or mustard plaster;
• Gargling with sage/chamomile infusion gives good results;
• hot foot baths are effective;
• antihistamines are used;
• Smoking and drinking alcohol are prohibited.

In some situations, treatment of laryngitis requires inpatient conditions and drug therapy. Antibiotics are used according to the strict instructions of the attending physician.

Treatment of chronic laryngitis

An integrated approach, including medicinal and physiotherapeutic methods, local and general effects, is the most effective way to combat chronic laryngeal disease.

Local treatment of chronic laryngitis includes irrigation, lubricating the mucous membrane with medicinal substances and emollient vegetable oils. To influence the catarrhal, hyperplastic form of the disease, anti-inflammatory, astringent, and enveloping agents are used. Manipulations of the larynx are performed by an otorhinolaryngologist. In the atrophic form of the disease, drugs are prescribed that have the properties of thinning mucus, cortical formations, moistening the mucous membrane and activating the functioning of the glandular system. As a rule, therapy includes iodine, vitamins and biostimulants. Inhalations occupy an important place.

Inhalation therapy is used after removing crusts and mucus from the surface of the mucosa, which prevent the penetration of medicinal compounds. For this purpose, substances are first used to thin the mucus, remove plaque, as well as expectorants. Oils (sea buckthorn, rosehip), retinol (vitamin A) and others are prescribed as inhalable components.

Treatment of chronic hypertrophic type laryngitis may require aerosols with steroid components in combination with antibiotics. Patients benefit well from ultrasound therapy and ultraphonophoresis with corticosteroid drugs. The hypertrophic form of the disease is affected in several stages: inflammation is eliminated, only then the functions of the larynx are restored. The final therapy will be sessions with a phonopedist (speech and vocal training).

To get rid of atrophic laryngitis, inhalations with salt-alkaline (no more than 2% solution), alkaline-calcium, mineral waters, and alkaline mixtures are widely used. In parallel, physiotherapy is carried out aimed at improving blood circulation, trophic and metabolic functions of laryngeal tissues. In this case, UHF inductothermy and darsonvalization (pulse current treatment) are indispensable. Mud applications to the larynx area are effective. The course is at least 10 sessions, the temperature of the mud is 40 C, the duration of exposure is up to 10 minutes.

The diffuse form of a chronic disease is considered a precancerous condition. Patients with this type of laryngitis are monitored twice a year for early detection of malignant tissue. Treatment of laryngitis is carried out in a dispensary most often surgically, removing areas of hyperplasia using a microscope.

Treatment of acute laryngitis

In acute cases of laryngitis (usually a consequence of acute respiratory viral infection), bed rest is required. The remaining cases of the disease can be treated without leaving the workplace, with the exception of persons with vocal professions (singers, actors, teachers, etc.).

Treatment of acute laryngitis includes limiting speech activity; it is better to remain silent or speak quietly as you exhale. Patients are advised to avoid excessively hot, cold, spicy foods, as well as drinking alcohol and smoking.

Expectorants are indicated for thick, viscous discharge: mucaltin, tussin, stoptussin. To thin the sputum, use: ACC-long and fluimucil (daily dose - 1 table), solvin, bromhexine.

Alkaline mineral water (Borjomi) at room temperature or half diluted with warm milk will help thin mucus and eliminate dry mucous membranes.

Semi-alcohol compresses on the cervical area, hot foot baths, mustard plasters on the calves and chest, inhalations - all this is the treatment of acute laryngitis at home.

The doctor may prescribe the antibiotic Bioparox in the form of an aerosol, which is used for ten days. The drug is inhaled by mouth 4 times with an interval of 4 hours. The medicine is contraindicated in children under three years of age due to the possibility of laryngospasm.

In a physiotherapy room, medications are infused into the larynx using a special syringe. Doctors use solutions with antibiotics, hydrocortisone in the form of a suspension.

The disease can be treated in five to ten days. If symptoms do not resolve within this period, antibiotics should be used.

How to treat laryngitis at home? Rinsing at least five times a day, alternating a solution of soda, sea salt and herbal decoctions (nettle, sage, chamomile, calamus root) helps.

Treatment of cough with laryngitis

Symptoms of laryngitis include hoarseness, a sore throat, a “barking” type cough without sputum production. Swelling of the laryngeal mucosa during illness activates cough receptors.

To relieve coughing attacks, substances with codeine, paxeladine, oxeladine, dextromethorphan, and tusuprex are used. Libexin helps reduce the reaction of the mucous membrane to irritants. The use of mucolytic drugs that thin sputum is prohibited during therapy. Treatment of cough with laryngitis is carried out with inhalation of budesonide. A severe cough is the cause of irritation and an increase in the frequency of attacks. Gargling with a saline solution (1/2 tsp per glass of water) can help prevent this kind of discomfort.

Dry cough can be treated with opioids:

• dextromethorphan - acts directly on the cough center, suppressing even the most severe cough. Medicines based on it are sold without a prescription. Does not have a hypnotic, narcotic or analgesic effect. Included in: glycodine (1 tsp three times a day), Alex Plus (3 tablets up to 4 times a day);
• codeine - included in the complexes of antitussive drugs Terpincode and Codelac (take 1 tablet three times a day). Side effects from taking the drug are more often noted.

Pharmacological substances of the narcotic group cope better with cough, but are often addictive.

Libexin with the active ingredient prenoxdiazine is prescribed orally, without chewing, to avoid numbness, 100-200 mg three times a day. Panatus and sinekod based on butamirate are produced in syrup or tablets, take 1 tablet before meals. at intervals of 8-12 hours. Diphenhydramine, diazolin, tavegil cause drowsiness, so they are recommended to be taken to get rid of night cough.

Medicines that relieve the cough reflex are used strictly as prescribed by a doctor. Improper use and overdose can cause significant harm to health. It should be remembered that the best way to thin sputum is to drink plenty of fluids. Treatment of laryngitis with dry cough is also ensured by maintaining indoor air humidity.

Remedies for laryngitis

Keeping silent, using mustard plasters on the chest, hot foot baths with mustard, compresses on the neck, warm drinks, gargling and inhalation are all remedies for laryngitis.

Traditional medicine offers its own recipes for getting rid of the disease:

• potato juice for rinsing;
• tincture/decoction of yellow poppy for inhalation – 1 tbsp. flowers per mug of boiling water. You can drink the composition orally, 2 tbsp. three times a day;
• anise seeds perfectly restore the voice - 1/2 cup of seeds is boiled for a quarter of an hour in 200 ml of water. Add 1 tbsp to the strained solution. cognac and 2 tbsp. honey, boil for about five minutes. Use a dessert spoon at half-hour intervals;
• Plantain juice and honey are mixed in equal proportions, boiled for a quarter of an hour, and drunk 1 tbsp. decoction three times a day;
• 200 ml of beet juice is mixed with 1 tbsp. apple cider vinegar, used for rinsing.

If the onset of the disease is due to infection, then laryngitis can be treated with antibiotics. Self-medication often leads to serious consequences, so any effects on the larynx should be agreed with a medical specialist.

Pulmicort for laryngitis

The advantage of inhalation procedures is considered to be the rapid effect on the affected mucous membrane, anti-inflammatory and softening effect.

Pulmicort provides a long-term therapeutic effect for laryngitis. This medicine is used only in a nebulizer; ultrasonic inhalers are not used. The best results are achieved using a mask or mouthpiece, with even and calm breathing. The suspension diluted with saline solution is used within half an hour.

The drug substance is actively absorbed from the laryngeal mucosa. The dosage of pulmicort is prescribed by the doctor individually. The drug makes it possible to treat laryngitis in children older than six months.

After therapy, you should wash your face with water to avoid skin irritation and rinse your mouth. Pulmicort is a hormone-containing drug, which is fraught with side effects such as cough, irritation of the mucous membrane, dry mouth, and candidiasis of the nasopharynx. The medicine can lead to increased nervous excitability and depression. Hypersensitivity is manifested by allergic reactions (rash, dermatitis, etc.). For children, it is recommended to consult a pediatrician before using the medicine, as it may slow down the child's growth.

Treatment of laryngitis with pulmicort lasts one to two weeks, and the therapeutic effect of the drug after use lasts for 12 hours.

Berodual for laryngitis

Active ingredients of a colorless solution for inhalation of Berodual: 1 ml fenoterol hydrobromide, 250 µg ipratropium bromide. The drug has a relaxing effect on the muscles of the bronchi/vessels, preventing bronchospasm, and also has an expectorant effect and improves respiratory function.

Berodual for laryngitis is indicated in the chronic stage of the disease. To prepare the composition in a nebulizer, the prescribed dosage of the drug is diluted with saline to a volume of 3-4 millimeters. The amount of substance may vary depending on the nebulizer model and inhalation technique. It is forbidden to use distilled water and store the prepared solution.

Treatment of laryngitis with Berodual has a number of side effects: dry mouth, attacks of nervousness, taste changes, headaches, dizziness, increased heart rate. If shortness of breath occurs, you should consult a doctor.

Bioparox for laryngitis

When treating acute laryngitis, a local antibiotic is used in the form of an aerosol - bioparox. The drug has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity, affecting streptococci, staphylococci, and Candida fungi.

Therapy sessions for adults include four inhalations through the mouth and/or each nostril, repeated after 4 hours. For children, the procedure after 6 hours is sufficient. The duration of therapy lasts up to ten days. Bioparox for laryngitis allows you to irrigate the larynx through a deep breath when the tip of the balloon is placed in the mouth and wrapped around the lips.

The medicine can cause individual intolerance, bronchospasm, inflammation of the nasopharynx. The product is contraindicated for children under three years of age; use by pregnant women is possible as prescribed by a doctor.

In cases of long-term use of the substance, patients become accustomed to bioparox. Treatment of laryngitis with bioparox requires strict adherence to the specialist’s recommendations regarding the duration of the therapeutic effect and use of the tips according to the instructions. You cannot interrupt sessions if the long-awaited improvement has occurred. This may threaten a relapse.

Erespal for laryngitis

In the chronic stage of laryngitis, erespal is prescribed with a pronounced bronchodilator, anti-edematous and anti-inflammatory effect.

The medicine is available in tablets and syrup. Syrup is used to treat children under 14 years of age. Moreover, the daily dosage is 4 mg/kg (2-4 tsp daily), if the baby’s weight is up to 10 kg. The norm for treating a child from two to sixteen years old is 2-4 tbsp. The medicine in the form of syrup is used in adults and adolescents - 3-6 tbsp. per day. Adults can take one Erespal tablet three times a day.

The drug is not recommended if you are sensitive to any component (fenspiride, hydrochloride, etc.) included in its composition. Erespal for laryngitis is used with caution in patients with fructose intolerance, diabetes mellitus, in cases of isomaltose deficiency and glucose-galactose malabsorption.

The drug cannot be used simultaneously with acetylsalicylic acid, as well as other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs due to the possibility of allergic reactions or bronchospasm. Taking Erespal with sedatives and alcohol is characterized by increased weakness and drowsiness.

Prednisolone for laryngitis

Prednisolone is a synthetic analogue of the hormones cortisone and hydrocortisone, produced in the adrenal cortex. The drug has anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-shock, anti-exudative, anti-toxic effects. The range of application of the product is quite wide. Prednisolone for laryngitis is used to inhibit the inflammatory process, prevent or relieve swelling of the mucous membrane, and reduce the viscosity of mucus.

The medicine is available in tablet form and solution for injection. The dosage for intramuscular/intravenous administration is prescribed by the doctor depending on the severity of the disease and individual indications. For acute conditions, adults are advised to take from 4 to 6 tablets per day (20-30 mg). Then the dosage is reduced to 1-2 tablets (5-10 mg). The amount of the drug for injection is 30-65 mg. The daily dose in childhood ranges from 1 to 3 mg/kg.

Treatment of laryngitis with prednisolone with short-term exposure has the only contraindication - hypersensitivity to one of the components. Caution in the use of prednisolone should be observed in patients with a reaction to lactose, heart and gastrointestinal diseases, renal failure, endocrine diseases, during pregnancy and lactation.

Dexamethasone for laryngitis

The hormonal medicine dexamethasone for laryngitis is used as a nebulizer solution. For this purpose, use a 0.4% solution for injection. To prepare inhalation, take 0.5 ml (2 mg) of the substance and 3 ml of saline solution. Procedures are carried out up to four times a day. Duration of therapy is up to seven days. You can use an ampoule with dexamethasone, having previously diluted its contents in a ratio of 1:6 with saline solution. This mixture requires 3-4 ml per inhalation.

The instant action of the medicine helps in emergency cases - the development of edema, the condition of false croup in children. Dexamethasone is contraindicated in case of chickenpox and a sharp decrease in immunity. The dose for taking the drug is prescribed by the doctor. As a rule, the main dose is administered in the morning, and a smaller amount of the substance is repeated after five hours.

Long-term treatment of laryngitis with dexamethasone requires an increased content of protein in the diet, since the drug destroys it, and potassium. The drug retains fluid and sodium in the body, so dishes should be under-salted.

Hydrocortisone for laryngitis

Nebulizer with hydrocortisone is an effective remedy for laryngitis. Hydrocortisone for laryngitis is used in the form of infusions performed by a doctor with a special syringe.

Catarrhal and hypertrophic forms of the disease are amenable to inhalation therapy with a 1% hydrocortisone solution. Excellent results are achieved by patients using a combination of hydrocortisone suspension aerosol (1 ml), Kalanchoe juice (1 ml), 2% etonium solution (1 ml), quinosol 1% solution (1 ml).

An aerosol with steroid substances (hydrocortisone 25 mg) is used for chronic hypertrophic laryngitis in conjunction with broad-spectrum antibiotics. If it is necessary to reduce laryngeal edema and inflammation, heparin is included, which has a vasodilating effect. For example, this composition: heparin 1 ml, hydrocortisone suspension 1-2 ml, ephedrine hydrochloride 3% in an amount of 0.5 ml

The side effect of hydrocortisone is aimed at retaining sodium and fluid in the body and removing potassium. The drug is not recommended in case of individual sensitivity to the components, in cases of severe hypertension, psychosis, gastrointestinal diseases, diabetes mellitus and pregnancy.

Lazolvan for laryngitis

Lazolvan, which is considered a powerful mucolytic, antitussive synthetic drug, has a pronounced expectorant effect for laryngitis. Suspensions, tablets and solutions in ampoules are available. The medicine is indispensable for reducing the viscosity of sputum and speeding up its removal.

Lazolvan solution for inhalation is obtained by mixing with saline solution in equal quantities. During the session, you need to breathe calmly to avoid the cough reflex when taking a deep breath.

Taking the medicine orally is prescribed by the doctor depending on age and complexity of the disease. The therapeutic effect can be achieved in one to two weeks.

Treatment of laryngitis with lazolvan is due to a complex therapeutic effect: relief of cough without suppressing respiratory function, prevention of spasms, reduction of secretion, dilution and removal of sputum. Lazolvan is well tolerated by patients and can be combined with other medications, including antibiotics. Side effects include intestinal disorders and allergic reactions. The substance is not recommended for use at the beginning of pregnancy.

Sumamed for laryngitis

The widely used macrolide antibiotic sumamed for laryngitis has a bactericidal effect on the site of inflammation. Effective in the fight against most gram-positive/gram-negative microorganisms of the aerobic type, as well as anaerobes and intracellular “hidden” pathogens (chlamydia, mycoplasma).

The medicine is available in tablets at 125 mg (6 pcs) or 500 mg (3 pcs), in the form of capsules - 250 mg (6 pcs), in powder - for making a suspension, as well as a solution for infusion.

The active substance azithromycin remains in the body for a week after the end of the course of therapy. The drug is eliminated primarily by the liver, so the medicine is not prescribed to patients with liver and kidney dysfunction. Sumamed is not recommended if you are intolerant to macrolide antibiotics. The drug is not compatible with ergotamine/dihydroergotamine.

Treatment of laryngitis with sumamed has a wide range of side effects, including: nausea, skin reactions, gastrointestinal disturbances, palpitations, pain in the head/abdomen, dizziness, states of causeless anxiety, etc. The dosage of the medicine depends on the characteristics of the disease and the age of the patient. The duration of administration varies from a single application to a course of several days.

Tablet medication in an amount of 125 mg is not prescribed until the age of 3, and 500 mg until the age of 12. Sumamed suspension is used in the treatment of children weighing more than 10 kg in a three-day course.

Suprastin for laryngitis

For children with laryngitis, suprastin is prescribed as a prophylaxis for acute subglottic process (false croup), as well as to reduce laryngeal edema. The advantage of the drug is that it can be used already in the first month of the baby’s life.

An attack of stenosis in a child can be relieved by injecting 1 ml of suprastin intramuscularly. If there are no ampoules at hand, use tablets diluted with water. For children under fourteen years of age, it is recommended to take 1/2 tablet three times a day. Adults and adolescents: 1 tablet. three times a day (no more than 100 mg).

Side effects of the medication include weakness, drowsiness, and dizziness. Due to the sedative effect, it is not recommended for use by patients who require increased attention and concentration at work (drivers, etc.). Children may experience insomnia, irritability, and anxiety. Treatment of laryngitis with suprastin is fraught with dry mouth and the possibility of increasing the viscosity of sputum.

The drug is excreted from the body through the kidneys, so it is not used by patients with renal failure. Contraindications to taking the substance are stomach ulcers, the presence of prostate adenoma, glaucoma, worsened bronchial asthma, as well as individual sensitivity to the drug composition. Suprastin is prohibited during pregnancy and lactation.

Eufillin for laryngitis

To get rid of a dry cough, the bronchodilator drug aminophylline is often used. The medicine is contraindicated in children under three months. Treatment of laryngitis with the drug in children under three years of age requires medical permission. Eufillin tablets and capsules are indicated for children from the age of twelve.

The initial dosage of the drug for children is 5-6 mg/kg. Further admission is calculated according to the following scheme:

• child is less than six months old: number of weeks of life 0.07+1.7; the resulting figure will correspond to the required amount of the medicinal substance, which is administered to the baby once every eight hours;
• six months to a year: age 0.05+1.25 (dosage per dose at six-hour intervals);
• one to nine years: 5 mg/kg body weight (1 r / 6 h);
• nine to twelve years: 4 mg/kg (1 r / 6 h);
• over twelve years: 3 mg/kg (1 r / 6 h).

Eufillin for laryngitis is a strong decongestant, not recommended for use in cases of low blood pressure and a tendency to epilepsy. While taking the drug, it is important to monitor the level of the drug in the blood. A small amount of the substance can lead to an asthma attack, and an overdose causes convulsions and increased heart rate.

ACC for laryngitis

ACC belongs to the group of mucolytic drugs that reduce the viscosity of mucus. The medicine is active even in the presence of purulent sputum. The drug is available in granules for dissolution, effervescent tablets and solution for infusion.

The use of ACC for laryngitis is due to its ability to dilute and remove mucus, thereby reducing attacks of dry cough. For adults and adolescent children (over 14 years old), the daily dosage of the substance is indicated: 200 mg three times a day, 600 mg ACC long in a single dose.

For babies under one year of age, the drug is prescribed in vital cases, under the mandatory supervision of the attending physician. Effervescent tablets are used for children over five years old, 100 mg / 2-3 times a day. From six to fourteen years, the dosage is increased to 200 mg / 2 times a day. The medicine is taken after meals for up to seven days. Moreover, the granules can be dissolved in water, juice, or cool tea. To prepare a hot drink, use a glass of water. Effervescent tablets are dissolved in half a glass of water.

ACC injections: adults are prescribed one ampoule 1-2 r / day, children 6-14 years old - 1/2 ampoule / 1-2 r. day. For children under six years of age, the drug is prescribed in special cases. The duration of therapy is selected individually.

ACC is not used in the treatment of pregnant and lactating women. Contraindications apply to patients with stomach or 12 intestinal ulcers during an exacerbation.

Lugol for laryngitis

Most often, laryngitis appears as a result of an infection that covers the nasopharynx and the back wall of the head. Lugol for laryngitis helps reduce swelling and relieve inflammation.

Lugol's is iodine dissolved in potassium iodide. The substance is used to lubricate or irrigate (using special sprays) the larynx and pharynx. A fairly effective remedy dries out the mucous membrane, so half an hour after its use it is recommended to drink 1 tsp. sea ​​buckthorn oils.

You can lubricate your throat with a cotton swab yourself or seek help from medical personnel. This manipulation is unpleasant due to discomfort in the throat and possible vomiting. Treatment of laryngitis with Lugol's spray is more convenient and also allows for correct dosage of the drug.

Sinecode for laryngitis

The salvation from the obsessive, “barking” nature of cough with laryngitis is the non-narcotic drug Sinecode. An attack of dry cough can be relieved by influencing the cough center located in the medulla oblongata.

Sinecode for laryngitis with the active substance butamirate citrate eliminates the cause of cough. The medicine is produced in the form of syrup and drops for children. The obvious advantages of the product include: effectiveness against the most severe coughs, fast and long-lasting action, safety and good tolerability.

Dosage for adults: 1 tbsp. l. syrup 3-4 times a day; Children are shown drops - 5-10 mg up to 5 rubles / day. The medicine does not contain codeine (a derivative of morphine), so the drug:

• is not addictive;
• does not depress respiratory function;
• does not have a sedative effect;
• does not affect intestinal motility;
• without sugar and glucose.

Treatment of laryngitis with sinecode is carried out in children starting from 2 months of age. The drug is prohibited for use at the beginning of pregnancy, is not recommended during lactation, as well as in the presence of sputum and sensitivity to one of the components.

Miramistin for laryngitis

Miramistin for laryngitis is used in complex therapy of acute and chronic disease. For this purpose, rinsing with a medicinal solution up to five to six times a day is recommended. The substance is not absorbed by the skin and mucous membrane, so the drug is prescribed to pregnant women when indicated, as well as during lactation.

Miramistin aerosol is an indispensable tool in the treatment of children for irrigation of the mucous membrane. The medicine selectively dries out dead cells, forming a dry crust. The substance does not cause allergies or skin irritations.

Inhalipt for laryngitis

Inhalipt is a combined local remedy. Sulfonamides have an antimicrobial effect (against gram-positive and gram-negative viruses). Eucalyptus and mint oils, as well as thymol, are effective in the fight against fungi and microbes. Inhalipt for laryngitis has an anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect.

The drug is available in an aerosol with a dispenser. Spraying in the oral cavity is carried out for a few seconds up to four times a day. Before therapy, it is advisable to gargle with warm boiled water.

Side effects include allergy symptoms and a burning sensation. Inhalipt contains ethanol, so driving a vehicle after using the medicine is not recommended.

Noshpa for laryngitis

Swelling of the larynx, which occurs in children 6-8 years old, manifests itself in a dangerous form of laryngitis - false croup. Such cases require emergency medical attention. To alleviate the child’s condition before the doctor arrives, it is necessary to give warmed alkaline drinks and make foot baths. If the ambulance is delayed, you need to inject the baby with an antispasmodic substance intramuscularly. Noshpa for laryngitis, diphenhydramine, analgin are suitable for this. The medicinal dose of each substance is 0.1 mg for each year of life.

Hexoral for laryngitis

The antiseptic drug hexoral is indicated for incipient cough. The negative consequences of using the drug are considered to be inhibition of local immune function, i.e. the mucous membrane becomes sterile and becomes completely defenseless against viruses.

Hexoral for laryngitis in cases of chronic manifestations gives a quick therapeutic effect. The components of the drug - benzocaine, chlorhexidine - can provoke allergic reactions and anaphylactic shock. Overdoses of the drug with benzocaine can lead to brain poisoning, which will be expressed by trembling of the limbs, muscle contractions, and vomiting. Uncontrolled use of the drug threatens coma and cardiac arrest. In this regard, the amount of hexoral and the duration of use are prescribed by the doctor. In case of accidental overdose, induce vomiting, rinse the stomach and immediately go to the hospital.

Treatment of laryngitis with hexoral is associated with the drug’s ability to suppress the activity of microbes, anesthetize, and envelop the mucous membrane with a protective film.

Hexoral solution contains vegetable oils (anise, eucalyptus, mint, cloves). Used to lubricate the mucous membrane of the throat or gargle (10-15 ml). Can't swallow.

Hexoral spray is evenly distributed throughout the mucous membrane, practically not entering the blood. For adult patients and children over three years old, irrigate the affected area for a few seconds twice a day (after breakfast/before bedtime).

The tablet form of the drug is also effective and has a quick effect. The analgesic effect is due to a decrease in the sensitivity of peripheral nerve endings. The presence of ulcerative processes in the mouth and age under four years are a contraindication to the use of the product.

The use of Hexoral by pregnant and lactating women should be discussed with their doctor on an individual basis.

Ascoril for laryngitis

The combined drug Ascoril belongs to the mucolytic group of drugs with expectorant and bronchodilator effects. Ascoril for laryngitis is prescribed in cases of formation of viscous, difficult-to-clear sputum and as a remedy for dry cough.

Guaifenesin in the medicine helps to liquefy and remove mucus. Menthol has a beneficial effect on the mucous membrane of the larynx, preventing its irritation, and is an antiseptic.

The medicine should be used as prescribed by a doctor in the indicated dosages. Treatment of laryngitis with ascoril is contraindicated for cardiovascular problems, diabetes, ulcers, glaucoma, and kidney/liver diseases.

Ambrobene for laryngitis

A frequently prescribed cough medicine, ambrobene, has expectorant and mucolytic properties. A real salvation from a painful dry cough is ambrobene for laryngitis, which thins mucus and removes it from the respiratory tract.

The effective product contains ambrohexal, the effect of which begins a couple of minutes after administration. The dosage form of the drug is selected individually, according to medical recommendations. These can be solutions for inhalation, for administration into a vein, or tablets (including effervescent ones), capsules and syrup.

Ambrobene tablets are prescribed to children from the age of five, 1/2 to three times a day. Dosage for adults – 1 tablet in the first three days of use, no more than three times a day. Then a tablet 2 times a day or 1/2 three times a day. You should take the medicine after a meal or during a meal.

Laryngitis has been successfully treated with raspberry-flavored syrup in children, as well as in relieving coughs in adults. The drug is taken during or after a meal. The amount of the drug for children depends on age:

• up to two years of age, not including newborns and premature babies - 2.5 ml / 2 r. day;
• from two to five – 2.5 ml / 3 r. day;
• from five to twelve – 5 ml / 3 r. day;
• over twelve years old - the first three days 10 ml / 3 r. day, then the dosage remains the same, and the number of doses is reduced to two.

Adult patients take the syrup in the same order as children over twelve years of age.

Gelatin capsules containing ambrobene are washed down with plenty of water and consumed only after meals, without biting. The medicine in capsules is not intended for oral administration by children under twelve years of age. The dosage is selected by the attending physician; it is not advisable to take the drug for more than five days.

Ambrobene as a solution for inhalation promotes rapid penetration into the tissue of the laryngeal mucosa. Treatment of laryngitis in this way requires an inhaler, since the medicine is not suitable for exposure to steam.

The composition is prepared as follows: part of the ambrobene is mixed with part of sodium chloride (0.9%) and heated to body temperature. You need to breathe calmly during inhalation so as not to provoke a coughing attack. Inhalations for children under two years of age should be supervised by a doctor; the recommended dosage is 1 ml no more than twice a day. At the age of two to six years – 2 ml / 2 r. a day, and for children over six and adults – 2-3 ml / 2 r. day.

The drug solution is prescribed for oral administration after a meal:

• children under two years old - 1 ml / 2 rubles. day;
• two to six years – 1 ml / 3 r. day;
• six to twelve years - 2 ml / 3 rubles. day;
• children over twelve years of age and adults drink the medicine in an amount of 4 ml / 3 r. for three to four days. day, the subsequent dose is 4 ml / 2 times a day.

Treatment of laryngitis is often prescribed by administering the drug intravenously, subcutaneously and intramuscularly. It is important to adhere to the prescribed dosages. Children are administered 1.2-1.6 mg/kg of body weight, adults – 2 ml no more than twice a day (particularly severe cases require an increase in the norm to 4 ml).

Ambrobene is prescribed to pregnant and lactating mothers by a doctor. Contraindications to taking the drug are: peptic ulcer of the stomach and 12 p. of the intestine, intolerance to one of the components of the drug, epilepsy, kidney and liver dysfunction.

Tantum verde for laryngitis

Solution for local use, lozenges, local spray - forms of release of the drug Tantum Verde. The drug belongs to the group of indazoles, which are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory substances. In addition to relieving inflammation, tantum verde has an anti-edema and analgesic effect for laryngitis.

The tablet form of the medicine is prescribed to adult patients and children over ten years old, 1 tablet / 3-4 rubles. day. The solution is indicated for gargling. To relieve pain, it is recommended to use 15 ml of the product with an interval of up to three hours between doses. Treatment of laryngitis with a spray is carried out at intervals of up to one and a half to three hours, the amount of medicine for adults is 4-8 doses, for children 6-12 years old - 4 norms, under 6 years old - 1 dose / 4 kg of weight.

The drug is not prescribed to pregnant and nursing mothers. Side effects of the medication include a burning sensation and dryness in the mouth, allergic manifestations, and drowsiness.

Tonsilgon for laryngitis

The homeopathic drug Tonsilgon consists of medicinal plants, so it practically does not cause side effects and has no contraindications. The package insert contains an age limit for taking the drug for children under six years of age. However, the use of tonsilgon is possible as directed by a pediatrician when treating infants and preschoolers. The drug is not recommended if you are sensitive to one of the plants included in its composition, as well as if there are liver problems.

Tonsilgon for laryngitis in drops or tablets helps in the acute stage of the disease and contributes to the complete recovery of children. One pill is prescribed up to six times a day for preschoolers/schoolchildren; drops are indispensable in the treatment of laryngitis in infants (5 drops / 5-6 times a day).

For adults and adolescents: 2 tablets or 25 drops 5-6 times during the day, without being tied to meals. It is possible to treat laryngitis with tonsilgon solution using a nebulizer. In this case, the medicine is diluted with saline solution (0.9% sodium chloride).

Dimexide for laryngitis

Dimexide is a concentrated extract of garlic, so the medicine has a pronounced anti-inflammatory and bactericidal effect. The drug improves immunity and has analgesic properties.

Deimexide for laryngitis, especially during purulent processes, is used in the form of inhalations and compresses. As a rule, a 10-30% aqueous solution of the drug is used for local action, but the dosage must be prescribed by the attending physician.

Side effects are associated with individual intolerance to the drug, allergic reactions. Dimexide is not used in cases of heart failure, problems with the kidneys and liver, during pregnancy and breastfeeding, for glaucoma and cataracts, in old age, when treating children under 12 years of age.

Faringosept for laryngitis

Pharyngosept lozenges are an effective local remedy in the fight against laryngitis, pharyngitis, and sore throat. The basis of the medicine is ambazone monohydrate, which destroys staphylococci, streptococci, pneumococci in the oral cavity.

Faringosept for laryngitis is prescribed to children from the age of three, as well as pregnant and lactating women. The drug is taken half an hour after meals. Drug therapy in adults and children over seven years of age consists of dissolving one tablet up to five times a day. Young patients are prescribed tablets up to three times a day. The advantage of pharyngosept is that the medicine activates the work of the salivary glands, helping to reduce discomfort in the form of dryness, soreness, and pain from the mucous membrane.

The product contains sugar, cocoa and lactose. For patients with sensitivity to these components, the medicine will be contraindicated, as well as for diabetics.

Biseptol for laryngitis

The antibiotic Biseptol with the active component co-trimoxazole will help get rid of a wide range of infections of the larynx. The drug is available in tablets, spray, suspension, and solution for injection.

Biseptol is not prescribed for pathological conditions of the liver, kidneys, anemia, individual intolerance, bronchial asthma, thyroid dysfunction, during pregnancy/lactation, as well as for babies under three months. Biseptol injections are prohibited for babies under six months of age. The drug has a large list of side effects, from headaches to jaundice, so treatment of laryngitis with Biseptol should be carried out strictly according to medical instructions.

For children, pharmacological companies offer suspensions and tablets that contain 120 milligrams of the active substance. Biseptol for laryngitis in suspension is prescribed to children from three to six months, 120 mg, over seven months - 120-240 mg twice a day. And from four to six years old, the dosage of the medicine is 240-480 mg in the morning and evening. In the period of seven to twelve years, the amount of the drug increases to 480 mg, and over twelve years - 960 mg / twice a day. Treatment of a child with syrup is possible from the age of one.

Adults are prescribed 960 mg of medication to take in the morning and evening. The duration of therapeutic effect ranges from five to fourteen days. It is recommended to use the drug after a meal, as well as changing the daily diet. While taking Biseptol, there is a complication in the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract and kidneys, which requires reducing the consumption of cabbage, legumes, fatty cheeses, meat, and leafy vegetables. These products, as well as sweets, dried fruits, milk and beets, reduce the effectiveness of the medicine itself. You should also limit exposure to the sun and monitor your blood composition when taking the drug for a long time.

Naphthyzin for laryngitis

The vasoconstrictor drug naphthyzin has become widespread in the treatment of ENT diseases. Drops or spray help get rid of swelling of the nasal mucosa and reduce mucus secretion, which often accompanies inflammation of the larynx.

Naphthyzin for laryngitis is used in cases of acute or chronic disease. For hoarse voices and difficulty breathing, inhalations containing 1 ml of naphthyzine and 1 ml of saline solution are suitable. The number of procedures per day should be discussed with your doctor.

Nasal drops, as an additional remedy in the complex treatment of laryngitis, are used as follows:

• older children and adults – 2-3 drops/3-4 times a day in each nostril with a 0.05% or 0.1% solution of the drug;
• children from one year old - 1-2 drops/2 days in both nasal passages with a 0.05% solution.

Naphthyzine is contraindicated for babies under one year of age. Conditions of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, chronic rhinitis, hyperfunction of the thyroid gland, intolerance to one of the components of the drug are reasons for not prescribing naphthyzine.

Taking it for more than a week can cause addiction to the medicine and thereby reduce the effect of its use. Abrupt withdrawal from the drug, in turn, can provoke a runny nose, since the blood vessels often lose their ability to narrow on their own.

Treatment of laryngitis with naphthyzine during pregnancy and breastfeeding is not recommended; in rare cases, it is carried out under the supervision of a doctor.

Side effects include dryness, burning sensation in the mucous membrane, nausea, dizziness, allergic manifestations (urticaria, Quincke's edema), increased blood pressure, etc.

Ventolin for laryngitis

Ventolin for laryngitis is a bronchodilator for inhalation use, available in an aerosol with a dispenser, powder or solution. The drug is inhaled through the mouth using a nebulizer under medical supervision. The use of the medicine is due to the speed of action (within five minutes) against coughing attacks, as well as during exacerbation of bronchial asthma. The substance should not be taken orally.

The dosage indicated for adults is 0.1-0.2 mg per one or two inhalations up to four times a day. Inhalations are given to children in the same quantity, with a daily dose of no more than 0.1-0.2 mg. Ventolin is often used undiluted, and the dosage can be increased to 5 mg as prescribed by a doctor.

Contraindications to the use of the drug will be children under 4 years of age, pregnancy, breastfeeding, hypersensitivity to the components. The medicine has an impressive list of side effects, including: dry throat, allergic manifestations, convulsions, intoxication syndrome, nervous excitement.

Treatment of laryngitis with ventolin must have medical validity, since the drug is often prescribed to suppress an attack of bronchial asthma in chronic bronchitis.

Lizobakt for laryngitis

The most popular antiseptic and antibacterial substance is lysobact. Its constituents, lysozyme and pyridoxine, which promote the development of innate immunity, are also present in the human body.

Lysobact for laryngitis, which is used even during pregnancy, helps reduce the bacterial effect on the laryngeal mucosa.

The main advantages of choosing the drug include:

• strengthening defenses by stimulating the immune system and maintaining healthy microflora in the oral cavity;
• lysozyme, as the basis of the medicine, has a destructive effect on bacteria;
• Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) increases antioxidant protection, suppressing viruses.

The drug is produced in lozenges. Comprehensive treatment of laryngitis includes taking lysobact up to a maximum of eight tablets daily (3-4 times two tablets). The duration of treatment reaches eight days, sometimes a repeat course is prescribed.

The only contraindication to the use of the drug is individual intolerance.

Chlorophyllipt for laryngitis

Chlorophyllipt for laryngitis is indicated for gargling. It copes well with staphylococcal infections, relieving pain and relieving inflammation of the mucous membrane.

For rinsing, an alcohol (1%) solution is suitable, which is used several times a day. An oil solution of the drug can be used to treat the mucous membrane using a cotton swab. The treatment of laryngitis has become as convenient as possible thanks to a new product - a spray containing a 0.2% chlorophyllipt solution. Double pressing the canister up to four times a day brings rapid relief from the main symptoms of laryngitis, and recovery occurs after four days.

Chlorophyllipt can provoke an allergic reaction, so before using the product you should assess the degree of your sensitivity by spraying a small amount of the product in your mouth or gargling with a weak solution.

The dosage and duration of drug therapy is prescribed by the doctor.

Antibiotics for laryngitis

Treatment of laryngitis with antibiotics is carried out according to medical prescription in cases of protracted process, development of a chronic form of the disease, when local exposure is not effective. Very often, patients are prescribed Bioparox, a local antibiotic, for a course of up to ten days.

In a hospital setting, instillations are often used with a hydrocortisone solution injected into the larynx with a syringe. Imudon tablets, indicated for use in parallel with other antibiotics, speeds up recovery. For local anesthesia, hexoral is prescribed as a rinse.

Common antibiotics for laryngitis:

• antimicrobial action of the fluoroquinolone group - moxifloxacin or levofloxacin;
• antibacterial groups of penicillins - amoxiclav, amoxicillin;
• macrolides (the safest and best tolerated) - sumamed, azithromycin;
• group of cephalosporins – cefotaxime, zinacef.

Amoxiclav for laryngitis

The powerful therapeutic effect of amoxiclav is due to the combination of the antibiotic amoxicillin with clavulanic acid. Thanks to this composition, the drug destroys bacteria and activates immune processes in the body.

Amoxiclav for laryngitis is prescribed in a minimal amount (125 mg) in the form of tablets, powder or suspension. The latter contains, as a rule, 20 dosages of 100 ml. The drug in the form of a suspension is prescribed to adults and adolescents over 14 years of age (dosage – 1 scoop every 6-8 hours). Babies under one year of age are treated with drops, and those under three months of age do not use the drug.

The advantage of the drug is its ability to accumulate in the internal fluids of the human body, providing a powerful antimicrobial effect.

Treatment of laryngitis with amoxiclav provokes a number of side effects - allergies, dysbacteriosis, colic in the digestive system, convulsions, as well as changes in the blood formula. The drug is not prescribed during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Infusion administration of amoxiclav is possible in cases of infectious lesions and chronic conditions. Intravenous use is characterized by the most pronounced side effects.

Tablets of the drug, like powder, are dissolved in water before use. As directed by the doctor, you can initially take two tablets of amoxiclav 375. Antibiotic therapy reaches two weeks, during which the patient drinks one tablet at intervals of 6-8 hours.

Amoxicillin for laryngitis

Amoxicillin belongs to the broad-spectrum antibiotics of the penicillin group. The medicine is produced in capsules (250 mg/500 mg), granules for making a suspension.

Any form of release is taken orally without reference to food intake. Treatment of laryngitis with amoxicillin for adults and children over twelve years of age (weighing at least 40 kg) is carried out three times a day with a dosage of 500 mg. Particularly severe manifestations of the disease may require an increase in the amount of the drug to 1000 mg, which is discussed with the attending physician. The therapeutic effect of the antibiotic does not exceed twelve days.

Amoxicillin for laryngitis in children is used from the age of five in the form of a suspension. It is possible to treat newborns and premature babies with antibiotics. To prepare the medicinal solution, a measuring bottle and spoon are included. Adding room temperature water to a bottle of granules produces a yellow liquid with a raspberry or strawberry flavor. The solution can be stored in the refrigerator for up to two weeks.

The dose of medicine for children, especially infants, is determined by the doctor. The therapeutic effect is achieved by taking the drug three times a day:

• children under two years old – 20 mg/kg body weight;
• two to five years – 125 mg;
• five to ten years – 250 mg.

During pregnancy, the antibiotic is used in emergency cases; during lactation, taking the drug is prohibited. Amoxicillin is contraindicated in case of allergic manifestations, dysbacteriosis, liver failure, lymphocytic leukemia.

Azithromycin for laryngitis

Respiratory tract infections are suppressed by using the antibiotic azithromycin. Currently, pharmacological companies produce various medicines containing this azalide (Zimax, zitrolide, sumamed, etc.). There are solid forms of the drug with the same name.

Azithromycin for laryngitis provides a high antibacterial effect, killing most known microorganisms. The drug is taken once a day (an hour before a meal or two hours after it). On the first day, adults are prescribed 0.5 g/day, the next two to five days – 0.25 g/day. For babies up to twelve months, the recommended dose is 10 mg/kg of body weight on the first day of use, then 5-10 mg/kg for four to three days.

How to cure laryngitis?

There are quite a few ways to cure laryngitis. To quickly get rid of the symptoms of the disease, doctors recommend following the following rules:

• adhere to the voice mode - remain completely silent for several days or talk in a whisper;
• drink plenty of warm drinks in small sips;
• access to the room with warm air using humidifiers (a container of water or special devices);
• change in diet - exclusion of spicy, hot, salty, too cold dishes;
• foot baths;
• inhalation over steam with iodine, menthol, anise oil, eucalyptus;
• gargling (chamomile, sage) and warm compresses;
• use of antihistamines;
• quit smoking and alcohol.

Treatment of laryngitis with antibiotics is prescribed in cases of bacterial infection. Some conditions may require a hospital stay.

Treatment of laryngitis is based on eliminating the causes that caused it. If home treatment does not produce results within a few days, you should seek help from a specialist.

Laryngitis– a disease of the respiratory system that affects the mucous membrane of the larynx. The disease is accompanied by a change in voice, up to its complete loss, coughing, and breathing problems. The most severe complication of laryngitis is complete occlusion of the upper respiratory tract (larynx stenosis), which most often occurs in children.

What are the larynx and vocal cords?

The framework of the larynx is created by cartilages: 3 paired (arytenoid, sphenoid and corniculate) and 3 unpaired (thyroid, epiglottis and cricoid).

All cartilages are connected to each other by strong ligaments and joints. The largest and most clinically significant of them are: the conical ligament (connects the cricoid and thyroid cartilages) and the thyrohyoid ligament (connects the hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage).

Two paired joints, the cricothyroid and cricoarytenoid, help the larynx perform active movements. Thus, the cricothyroid joint allows the thyroid cartilage to tilt forward and backward, which helps to tighten or relax the vocal cords. Movements in the cricoarytenoid joints make it possible to narrow and expand the glottis (convergence and divergence of the vocal folds).
The muscles of the larynx play a major role in the implementation of motor activity of the larynx.

There are the following groups of muscles of the larynx: external and internal.

External(sternothyroid, thyrohyoid) muscles help raise and lower the larynx. Due to the contraction of the internal muscles, the cartilage of the larynx moves, which in turn changes the width of the glottis. There are muscles that help expand the glottis and muscles that narrow it. Glottis dilators: paired posterior cricoarytenoid muscle, which moves the arytenoid cartilages along with the vocal folds.

Muscles that narrow the glottis: 1) lateral cricoarytenoid, 2) transverse interarytenoid, 3) arytenoid oblique muscle, 4) cricothyroid muscle, 5) vocalis muscle. The internal muscles also include the muscles that elevate and depress the epiglottis (the thyroepiglottic and aryepiglottic muscles).

The cavity of the larynx is narrowed in the middle section and expanded upward and downward, thus resembling an hourglass in shape. The mucous membrane lining the inside of the larynx is a continuation of the mucous membrane of the nose and pharynx. There are sections of the larynx where under the mucous membrane there is a layer of loose fiber (folds of the vestibule, subglottic space, lingual surface of the epiglottis). If inflammation and swelling develop in such places, this leads to difficulty breathing (stenosis), up to complete closure of the airways (obstruction). Between the folds of the vestibule and the vocal folds is the ventricle of the larynx. This ventricle contains lymphatic tissue and when it becomes inflamed, “laryngeal sore throat” develops.

Vocal cords. Speech therapists use the term “vocal cords” more often in professional vocabulary than vocal folds. However, the "vocal cords" are folds of mucous membrane that project into the laryngeal cavity, containing the vocal cord and vocal muscle. The muscle bundles in the vocal folds are located in a special way in different mutually opposite directions. This unique structure of the vocal folds allows them to vibrate not only with their entire mass, but also with one part, for example, the edges, half, third, etc.

Why can the laryngeal mucosa become inflamed?

• Infection. The laryngeal mucosa can be affected primarily after direct entry of an infectious agent into the body and onto the laryngeal mucosa. So it can be affected secondarily as a result of the spread of infection from foci of long-term chronic infection (sinusitis, tonsillitis, bronchitis, etc.). When an infectious agent (bacterium, etc.) gets on the mucous membrane, it releases a number of toxic substances, which disrupts the integrity of the protective barriers and destroys the cells of the mucous membrane. In response to this, an inflammatory reaction is launched and immune defense cells are attracted in order to limit the infectious process and eliminate the causative agent of the disease. In this case, there is a sharp reddening of the mucous membrane, vasodilation, accumulation of leukocytes, and swelling. Laryngitis is most often caused by a nonspecific infection (bacteria, viruses, fungi), less often by a specific infection (tuberculosis, syphilis, etc.). The most common causative agents of laryngitis:

• Viruses: influenza virus, Haemophilus influenza, parainfluenza, microviruses, adenoviruses (1,2,3,4,5), rhinoviruses, coronavirus, Coxsackie viruses, measles virus.
• Bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiela pneumonia, Branhomella cataralis, Streptococcus viridans, Streptococcus pneumonia, etc.
• Fungal infection most often develops in people suffering from immunodeficiency or after long-term antibiotic therapy.

• Physical reasons. General and local hypothermia, eating irritating food (usually very cold), cold drinking, breathing through the mouth, occupational hazards (dust, smoke, etc.), excessive vocal stress (long, loud conversation, singing, screaming) - all this leads to a violation local defense systems, damage to the cellular structures of the mucous membrane and the development of the inflammatory process. In the future, infection may occur.
• Allergic causes. Inflammation in the larynx can also occur if an allergic reaction develops. More often, the triggering factors of allergies are: various chemical powders that get on the mucous membrane of the larynx, dust, smoke, ingestion of a number of food products (chocolate, eggs, milk, citrus fruits, etc.). With the development of inflammation as a result of an allergic reaction, edema may develop, which sometimes threatens the patient's life.
• Autoimmune causes. In rare cases, inflammation of the larynx can develop as a result of a violation of immune defense mechanisms. When your own tissues, and in particular the mucous membrane of the larynx, are attacked by your own immune defense cells. More often, autoimmune laryngitis develops against the background of systemic autoimmune diseases such as: Wegener's granulomatosis, amyloidosis, relapsing polychondritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, etc.
• Other reasons. Laryngitis can develop if stomach contents enter the larynx (gastroesophageal reflux). This condition can develop in case of weakness of the esophageal sphincters, which normally prevent gastric contents from entering the esophagus, pharynx, and larynx.

What are the symptoms of laryngitis?

• Voice change. The voice coarsens, becomes hoarse, hoarse, and may lose sonority until it is completely absent (aphonia).
• Burning sensation, dryness, sensation of a foreign body in the larynx (soreness), possible pain during inhalation and exhalation.
• Painful cough with sputum discharge. Laryngitis often occurs together with other diseases of the respiratory system (bronchitis, tracheitis, etc.)
• General state moderately impaired, body temperature increased, chills possible.

• Persistent voice disorder. Voice weakness, hoarseness, loss of voice sonority. During the day, the voice can change its character, sometimes the patient speaks only in a whisper and with tension.
• , burning, itching, pain when swallowing
• Cough is dry and produces sputum, a painful cough is possible in the morning, especially in heavy smokers
• General state practically undisturbed

• Sudden development, after contact with an allergic agent (dust, smoke, chemical, etc.).
• Labored breathing, severe lack of air, asthma attack
• Persistent cough, while the voice usually does not change (acute laryngitis)
• In chronic allergic laryngitis, the symptoms are the same as in ordinary chronic laryngitis (change in voice, sore throat, coughing, etc.), but there is an allergic factor that causes the disease (dust, chemicals, smoke, etc.).

• Voice disorder. The voice is rough, wheezing, sometimes turning into falsetto, sonority is reduced until it is completely absent.
• Sensation of a foreign body in the throat, rawness, cough.
• The disease mainly occurs in smokers who produce copious amounts of sputum in the morning and experience a painful cough.
• In severe cases, breathing problems may occur.

What are the symptoms of laryngitis in children?

Laryngitis in children is characterized by a number of features, such as:

• As a rule, develops against the background of acute respiratory viral infection or influenza
• Severe swelling of the larynx
• High likelihood of developing airway spasm
• High risk of developing acute shortness of breath with severe complications (respiratory failure)
• Swallowing problems, pain when swallowing
• Often develops suddenly during sleep (child in a supine position).
• An attack of suffocation occurs, the child wakes up from a sudden lack of air, blue lips
• The attack is accompanied by a convulsive barking cough, the voice is often unchanged
• The attack may be repeated within 15-20 minutes
• It is possible that the attack will stop on its own
• In most cases, acute laryngitis requires hospitalization of the child

What is chronic laryngitis?

There are 3 clinical forms of chronic laryngitis: catarrhal (usual), hyperplastic (hypertrophic) and atrophic. In general, these forms of laryngitis have similar symptoms (change in voice, cough, discomfort in the throat), but there are some individual characteristics for each of the forms.
For example atrophic laryngitis characterized by painful dryness in the throat and larynx, as well as significant impairment of voice formation. As a result of a long-term inflammatory process with atrophic laryngitis, the vocal cords become thinner, which leads to the impossibility of their complete closure. In addition, a viscous secretion accumulates in the larynx, crusts form, which causes a sensation of a foreign body in the throat and frequent coughing attacks. With atrophic laryngitis, breathing is difficult. Atrophic laryngitis is the most complex and difficult to treat form of chronic laryngitis.

Another form of chronic laryngitis such as hypertrophic laryngitis, unlike atrophic laryngitis, is characterized by thickening of the laryngeal mucosa. Excessively thickened areas of the larynx, in the form of whitish or transparent elevations, can become so large that they interfere with the closure of the vocal cords. Also, with this form of laryngitis, deformation of the vocal folds occurs, which is accompanied by a violation of voice formation (a wheezing, rough, dull voice). This form of laryngitis, like atrophic laryngitis, is accompanied by difficulty breathing.
At usual form (catarrhal) Laryngitis does not cause breathing problems. This form is characterized by persistent voice impairment, hoarseness and cough with sputum production. The voice can change its character during the day, sometimes there are periods when the patient can only speak in a whisper. In the catarrhal form of laryngitis, the laryngeal mucosa looks like classic inflammation (redness, swelling, slightly thickened).

How to treat laryngitis at home?

• Compliance with the regime. First of all, you should follow the voice mode. Talk as little as possible, and it is better to remain completely silent. Under such conditions, the processes of restoration and healing of the laryngeal mucosa proceed much faster. Under no circumstances should you speak in a whisper. With this type of conversation, the tension and trauma to the vocal cords is several times greater than with normal speech.

• Environment. It is necessary to maintain a favorable indoor microclimate. The room should be well ventilated, maintain an optimal temperature of 20°-26 °C, and monitor the air humidity level (50% - 60%). Since dry air contributes to microdamage to the laryngeal mucosa, this aggravates the course of the disease and slows down the recovery process. You should keep your throat warm, for this it is better to wrap your neck with a warm scarf or make warm compresses. Avoiding going outside, especially in cold weather, can make the situation significantly worse.

• Water or drinking regime. The patient needs to drink plenty of fluids in order to quickly remove toxins from the body, as well as in order to reduce the viscosity of sputum and maintain the necessary moisture in the laryngeal mucosa. Moisturized vocal folds are not as susceptible to trauma and the processes of restoration of damaged tissue are more likely to occur in them. You should drink up to 2-3 liters of fluid per day. It is better to drink liquid in the form of warm herbal teas (chamomile, lemon balm, thyme, sage, etc.), berry fruit drinks. Warm milk with mineral water (Borjomi, Essentuki, etc.) helps well in liquefying and removing phlegm.

• Diet for laryngitis. The patient should avoid excessively cold, hot, spicy, and salty foods. All this can injure the laryngeal mucosa and reduce the body's resistance. In addition, foods that help relax the lower esophageal sphincter (chocolate, caffeine, alcohol, fried foods, mint, etc.) should be excluded from the diet. This diet should be followed especially strictly by patients with so-called “chemical” laryngitis, which occurs due to gastric juice entering the larynx. This occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter is unable to properly close the esophagus and prevent stomach contents from entering it. In this case, gastric juice from the esophagus enters the pharynx, and then into the larynx, burning its mucous membrane, thereby causing inflammation (laryngitis).

• Eliminate smoking and alcohol. Smoke entering the laryngeal mucosa significantly reduces its protective and restorative abilities.

• Hot foot baths, mustard plasters on the calf muscles help reduce swelling of the laryngeal mucosa and make you feel better. This effect is mainly achieved due to the redistribution of blood from the upper part of the body to the lower.

• Rinse. Another effective way to treat laryngitis at home. Frequent rinsing at least 5-7 times a day reduces swelling, reduces inflammation, and accelerates healing processes. Recommended rinses:
  • Sea salt solution (1-1.5 tsp per 500 ml)
  • Soda solution (1 teaspoon per 200 ml),
  • Herbal infusions (chamomile, sage, linden, calamus rhizomes, raspberries, eucalyptus leaves,
  • Beetroot juice, fresh potato juice diluted with warm water,
  • Warm milk with carrots (boil 1 carrot in 500 ml of milk, then rinse with this milk),
  • Decoction of onion peels, etc.

• Inhalations An excellent method for treating laryngitis at home. This does not require complex devices or expensive medications. An ordinary teapot can be used as an inhaler, with a long funnel made of thick paper attached to the neck, through which the healing process is carried out. Of course, you can just cover yourself with a towel and breathe over the pan. You should breathe through the pores at least 10 minutes after the water has boiled. It is important to ensure that the procedure is as comfortable as possible and does not cause pain. Do not allow the pores to burn the mucous membrane of the larynx under any circumstances. The following can be used as solutions for inhalation:
  • Alkaline soda solution
  • Mineral water (Borjomi, Essentuki, etc.)
  • Herbal infusions (chamomile, mint, thyme, sage, calamus, etc.)
  • A few drops of essential oil added to water for inhalation (menthol, eucalyptus, etc.)

• When treating, and especially at home, it is important to listen to your body! If you experience significant discomfort and worsening symptoms, it is better not to tempt fate and change the treatment method to a more proven one. Or better yet, you should contact a specialist for qualified help.

How to treat laryngitis with inhalations?

• The duration of the procedure is 10-15 no less and no more
• It is better to carry out 2 inhalations in the morning and 2 in the evening
• It is better not to inhale after eating; you should wait at least 30-50 minutes
• You cannot talk during inhalation and for another 30 minutes after the procedure.
• The order of drug inhalation: 1) bronchodilators, 2) expectorants (15 after the previous one), 3) after sputum discharge, antiseptic and anti-inflammatory drugs

Traditional methods of treating laryngitis

Treatment of laryngitis at home

Do I need to use antibiotics to treat laryngitis?

If you do not want to harm yourself, and especially your child, antibiotics should be prescribed only by your doctor and after a series of additional studies. Since there are a number of features that only a doctor knows. Firstly, for effective treatment with antibiotics, it is necessary to take material for research from the laryngeal mucosa, determine the causative agent of the disease and determine how sensitive the microorganism is to a particular antibiotic. A situation often arises when a patient takes an expensive and not entirely harmless drug, but there is no result, or, even worse, there is a result, but not entirely positive, the functioning of the liver, kidneys and other organs is disrupted. Unfortunately, in most cases, laryngitis must be treated with antibiotics. But with the right approach to treatment, you can avoid unpleasant consequences and quickly achieve the desired recovery.

• Conduct a bacteriological examination to determine the causative agent of the disease and its sensitivity to antibiotics (antibioticogram)
• If after 3 days of antibiotic treatment the temperature does not decrease and the condition does not improve, the antibiotic should be replaced or the cause of the disease should be reconsidered
• After long-term use of antibiotics (7-10 or more days), you should take antifungal drugs to prevent fungal laryngitis or other fungal diseases (candidiasis, etc.) from developing.

• Duration of treatment 7-10 days
• Amoxicillin 1 gram 4 times a day, intramuscularly
• Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid 1.2 grams 2 times a day intravenously
• Cefuroxime 1 gram or Ceftriaxone 1 gram or Cefaclor 1 gram + lidocaine solution 1%-1 ml 2 times a day, intramuscularly
• Ciprofloxacin 100 mg/10 ml - 200 mg with 200 ml saline intravenously 2 times a day
• Metronidazole 200 ml 3 times a day, intravenously

What is allergic laryngitis?

Depending on the sensitivity of the body, the amount of the allergic factor and the time of its exposure to the body, acute or chronic allergic laryngitis may develop. In case of acute allergic laryngitis, emergency care is required. Since this type of laryngitis is accompanied by rapidly increasing swelling of the larynx of varying degrees, leading to difficulty breathing and often threatening the patient’s life.

Chronic allergic laryngitis does not develop so rapidly and dramatically, but it does cause a number of unpleasant symptoms. Typically, patients complain of discomfort, soreness in the larynx, cough, and impaired voice production (hoarseness, hoarseness, loss of voice sonority, etc.). The main feature of chronic laryngitis is that it exists as long as there is an allergic factor. Once contact with the allergen is eliminated, the patient will recover on his own.

How to treat laryngitis during pregnancy?

An excellent means for removing viscous sputum are inhalations based on slightly alkaline mineral waters (Borjomi, Essentuki, etc.). Rinsing and inhalation procedures should be carried out at least 3-5 times a day. Traditional methods of treating laryngitis during pregnancy can come in handy. When choosing the appropriate method, be sure to consult your doctor. To remove toxins and better discharge of sputum, it is necessary to take a sufficient amount of fluid. Drink more juices, fruit drinks, herbal teas (chamomile, thyme, mint, etc.). Honey and milk will also be good helpers in treatment. Nutrition should be rich in vitamins and minerals. During illness, you should not overload the digestive tract with heavy food. Since this takes away energy that should be aimed at fighting the disease.

An important part of treatment is the voice mode, talking as little as possible, or better yet, being silent for a while. Do not go outside, especially during the cold season. Keep your throat warm (wrap your neck with a scarf). The above measures should help with mild to moderate laryngitis. However, laryngitis is a disease that should not be underestimated, especially during pregnancy. Therefore, at the first symptoms of the disease, you should contact an experienced specialist who will competently assess the severity of the disease and prescribe effective treatment without undesirable consequences.

Hyperplastic laryngitis - what is it?

With hypertrophic laryngitis, the vocal cords become flabby, increase in size, and their free edge thickens. All this leads to significant changes in voice production. Patients mainly complain of a wheezing, rough, dull voice, cough and discomfort in the throat.
In most cases, this form of laryngitis is observed in smokers who produce a significant amount of sputum and experience a painful cough. Often the disease occurs together with diseases such as chronic sinusitis, tonsillitis, bronchitis. The cause of hypertrophic laryngitis can be any of the unfavorable factors that act for a long time on the laryngeal mucosa (see “Why can the laryngeal mucosa become inflamed?”).

Adverse factors reduce local and general immunity, the activity of pathogenic microorganisms increases, which leads to the development of a chronic inflammatory process. The ENT doctor makes the final diagnosis of “hypertrophic laryngitis” based on a patient interview (complaints, medical history, etc.), examination (laryngoscopy), additional instrumental studies (tomography of the larynx, laryngeal fiberoscopy, video laryngostroboscopy, etc.), laboratory tests (general blood test, bacteriological examination, and, if necessary, biopsy of the larynx).

Treatment of hyperplastic laryngitis primarily involves eliminating the cause that caused the disease and sanitizing chronic foci of infection. In addition, it is necessary to maintain a voice regime (reduce vocal stress), stop smoking and drinking alcohol. Oil, soda and corticosteroid inhalations can relieve swelling and alleviate the condition. In most cases, hypertrophic laryngitis requires radical treatment, microsurgical intervention with removal of areas of excessively enlarged mucous membrane.

Available about laryngitis

How does laryngitis occur in infants?

The most common cause of laryngitis in children under 1 year of age is viral infections, especially parainfluenza virus , which is common among the population in the spring and autumn periods. In addition, children with atopic or allergic reactions may develop allergic laryngitis. Bacteria and fungi rarely cause laryngitis in infants.

The development of laryngitis and its complications is facilitated by the following features of infancy:

1. Age-related anatomical feature of the structure of the larynx:

• narrow opening in the larynx area, only 4-5 mm;
• thin and shortened vocal cords;
• anatomically higher location of the larynx, which makes it easier for infections and allergens to enter;
• a large number of nerve receptors in the muscles of the larynx, that is, their increased excitability;
• predisposition to the rapid development of submucosal edema.

• still unformed immunity;
• a tendency to develop atopic (allergic) reactions when encountering new foods and other foreign proteins coming from outside.

• the disease develops acutely, sometimes within a few hours, during or even a week after ARVI;
• increase in body temperature noted only in half of the cases;
• restless child, sleep disturbance, refuses to eat;
• the child's voice changes, the cry becomes hoarse, rough, in rare cases there is a loss of voice;
• Laryngitis in infants is almost always accompanied by respiratory failure and hypoxia(due to disruption of the passage of air through the narrowed larynx), this manifests itself noisy breathing, may be accompanied by a whistle, breathing quickens, against this background you can see cyanosis(cyanosis) of the nasolabial triangle, limb tremor;
• cough with laryngitis, the baby always has paroxysmal, sometimes painful attacks; attacks often develop against the background of screaming; many compare this cough to the barking of a dog (barking cough).

Various factors can predispose to the development of false croup:

5. Eliminate factors affecting the voice(smoking, alcohol, temperature changes, and so on).

6. Peppermint candies, lozenges, chewing gum help improve the condition of the vocal cords.

2. Formation of various tumors, including cancer. Any chronic process contributes to a failure in cell division and mutation. Therefore, various neoplasms of the larynx can form.

3. Vocal cord paralysis, as a result - permanent loss of voice. This complication occurs when the laryngeal nerves are involved in the inflammatory process - neuritis. This condition can lead not only to aphonia (loss of voice), but also to breathing problems and suffocation. If breathing is impaired, tracheal intubation (tracheostomy) is required - a tube is inserted into the trachea through the skin, and air enters the lungs not through the upper respiratory tract, but through the tracheostomy. After drug treatment, nerve function is gradually restored, and the voice may also be restored, partially or completely. In some cases, surgery is required.

Laryngitis, like any other disease, must be treated promptly and correctly, since self-medication and lack of treatment can lead to serious consequences.

Prevention of laryngitis and its consequences, how to prevent the development of chronic and hyperplastic laryngitis?

• healthy balanced diet , rich in vitamins, amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids;
• rejection of bad habits , smoking especially predisposes to the development of laryngitis and its complications, negatively affects the vocal cords;
• hardening – this is the most effective method of preventing all diseases, including exacerbations of chronic laryngitis, this is especially important in childhood;
• physical activity , Movement is life;
• frequent walks in the fresh air, it is especially useful to take a walk near bodies of water;
• normal mode work, sleep and rest;
• if possible avoid nervous stress .

• avoid contact with sick people and staying in public places during the flu period;
• vaccination against flu in the autumn season;
• if ARVI starts , it is necessary to start treatment in a timely manner, any flu also needs to be treated.

• smoking;
• voice loads;
• hot and too cold food or drinks;
• food that irritates the larynx;
• high and low air temperatures, as well as high and low humidity;
• other factors.

It is easier to prevent any disease than to treat it later, and you will be healthy.

Laryngitis is an inflammatory process in the mucous membrane of the larynx. Symptoms may include a dry and sore throat, difficulty breathing, a dry, barking cough, hoarseness or loss of voice.

There are the following types of this disease:

• Acute laryngitis: in the early stages can be treated without antibiotics, lasts 7-10 days, accompanies an infectious disease or occurs as a result of hypothermia, overstrain of the vocal cords.
• The chronic form can develop due to constant exposure to harmful factors: smoking, alcohol, polluted and dry air.
• False croup (laryngospasm) - narrowing of the glottis, accompanied by a “barking cough” and difficulty breathing. It is extremely dangerous for children under 3 years of age; if this condition occurs, you must call an ambulance.

Antibiotics are prescribed only by the attending physician. He makes a decision on the need for antibacterial therapy depending on the stage of the disease, the cause of its occurrence, and the individual characteristics of the patient’s body. Often this disease occurs against the background of acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections.

In this case, in parallel with the treatment of the primary disease, symptomatic treatment is recommended: rinsing, irrigating the throat with antiseptic agents, topical medications, a gentle diet (cold and hot, spicy, sour, solid foods are excluded), warm alkaline drinks, inhalations.

If the bacterial nature of the disease is suspected, treatment of laryngitis with antibiotics is indicated. There are various possible reasons for this situation:

• The main disease is caused by bacterial infections. In this situation, there is no relief of symptoms during the use of antiviral drugs. Laboratory tests will help determine the cause of the disease and resolve the issue of prescribing antimicrobial agents. In most cases, the therapist, based on the results of a general blood test, determines whether antibiotics are needed in the treatment of laryngitis.
• Against the background of a viral infection, bacterial complications develop on the mucous membranes. To confirm the diagnosis and clarify the pathogen, a bacterial culture from the throat is performed. The procedure itself is not complicated: you need to make a swab from the nose and the mucous membrane of the back of the throat, but you have to wait, on average, 2 weeks for the results of the analysis. If it is not possible to delay treatment, physicians must choose which antibiotics to take for laryngitis in adult patients with moderate to severe disease based solely on symptoms.

In the chronic course of the disease, treatment with antibiotics is also possible, but before using them it is necessary to exclude other probable causes of laryngitis, including:

• gastroesophageal reflux;
• fungal infection;
• work with chemicals, industrial hazards (dry and hot air in workshops, work in mines, etc.);
• allergy;
• smoking.

Types of antibiotics used for laryngitis

As part of antibacterial therapy for the treatment of laryngitis, drugs of the following groups are used:

• penicillins:, And ;
• macrolides and azalides:(sumamed ® , ), ;
• cephalosporins:, cefuroxime ® ;
• fluoroquinols:, Levoflaxin ® , .

Penicillins

Others

Sumamed ® (azithromycin ®)

– an antibiotic of the macrolide group, has a bacteriostatic effect. Fights against certain strains of staphylococci, streptococci, mycoplasmas, chlamydia and other bacteria and intracellular microorganisms. Acquired microbial resistance to the drug is possible.
Available in different dosage forms:

• strawberry flavored powder for diluting the suspension 100 mg;
• tablets in two dosages: 125 and 500 mg;
• capsules 250 mg;
• for injections - lyophilisate for preparing a solution of 500 mg.

The powder is approved for use from 6 months, tablets of 125 mg - from 3 years, capsules - from 12 years. Not recommended for nursing mothers. Do not take at the same time as ergotamine and dihydroergatomine.

Antibiotics for laryngitis in children

It is important to remember that antibiotics should only be prescribed by a doctor. The pediatrician, having assessed the clinical picture, anamnesis, and individual characteristics of the patient, must decide whether laryngitis in your child can be cured without antibiotics.

Usually, they are in no hurry to prescribe ABPs to a newly ill child, with the exception of acute laryngitis with loss or hoarseness of voice in a patient under 3 years of age. This precaution is associated with the still weak respiratory system of babies and the risk of developing false croup - a condition in which the glottis narrows, breathing becomes difficult, and whistling appears when inhaling.

If laryngospasm does occur, you need to call an ambulance, provide cool, moist air in the room, calm the child; if you have a nebulizer, you can inhale with Ventalin ® or Berodual ®.

In other cases (except for advanced ones - then an antibiotic is prescribed at the discretion of the doctor), laboratory tests are required to prescribe the correct treatment: a general clinical blood test and bacterial culture from the throat. The latter includes determining sensitivity to various drugs. Based on the data obtained, the pediatrician determines which antibiotic is best suited for laryngitis in children in this case.

Antibiotics for laryngitis in a child are prescribed by a pediatrician if:

• test results indicate the presence of a bacterial infection;
• the disease is combined with bronchitis, pneumonia, pharyngitis, etc.;
• a child under 3 years of age has a barking cough, shortness of breath, hoarseness of voice, cyanosis of the nasolabial triangle and other signs of laryngospasm;
• Long-term therapy does not give positive dynamics.

In no case should you ignore the prescriptions of a specialist, since correctly selected and justifiably prescribed antimicrobial substances will help stop the inflammatory process and avoid complications.

Not all antibiotics can be given to children. The most common permitted ones are:

• Sumamed ® (approved for use from 6 months);
• Klacid ® -clarithromycin ® in the form of syrup (suspension), indicated for children over 3 years of age,
• Augmentin ® suspension – for children from 3 months.
• Cephalosporin antibiotics are usually administered to children intramuscularly or intravenously; suspensions (Zinnat ®) can be used.

Is it harmful to treat laryngitis in pregnant and nursing mothers with antibiotics?

Antibiotics are not recommended throughout pregnancy, but may be prescribed for severe stages of the disease. Before doing this, the doctor must balance the expected harm from the drug to the fetus and the risk to the patient in case of refusal to take the drug.

Breastfeeding mothers will have to stop breastfeeding for the duration of the medication and its effect (until it is completely removed from the body). Some antibacterial agents are approved for use during feeding (Augmentin ®). If the baby is not temporarily switched to formula, you need to ensure that the baby does not develop thrush and give probiotics to both mother and baby.

Rules for taking antibiotics

1. Strictly follow the frequency and timing of medications recommended by your doctor. This will allow you to maintain the required concentration of the drug in the blood.
2. Do not arbitrarily interrupt the course of antibacterial therapy and do not change the prescribed dosage.
3. Read the instructions carefully, pay attention to contraindications and possible side effects.
4. Follow the recommendations specified in the instructions regarding how to take antibiotics for laryngitis: before, during or after meals, what to drink with it.
5. Follow a gentle diet: exclude fatty, heavy foods and gas-forming foods. Take a course of probiotics. This will prevent the development of dysbiosis and digestive problems.
6. Avoid drinking alcoholic beverages.
7. Prevent candidiasis with medications intended for this purpose, for example, nystatin ® or.

How to cure laryngitis without using antibiotics?

Treatment should be prescribed exclusively by a doctor and depends on the severity of the patient’s condition.

The main ways to treat the disease without antibiotics:

• Rinse with soda, herbal decoctions (chamomile, calendula). It is not recommended to use tinctures, as alcohol dries out the mucous membrane.
• Inhalation with saline solution or mineral water. Only with the help of a nebulizer. You can't breathe above the steam!
• Treating the throat with local antiseptics.
• Diet. Light fractional meals. Drink plenty of warm (not hot!) drinks. Warm milk with 1 teaspoon of honey, the same amount of butter and baking soda on the tip of a knife will soften your throat.
• If your voice has disappeared, gargle with flax seed infusion (brew 1 tsp per 1 cup of boiling water).

However, the patient should have a general understanding of the symptoms of the bacterial form and understand when and what antimicrobial agents should be taken.

Are antibiotics needed for laryngitis?

It is known that laryngitis is of two types - viral and bacterial. In the first case, the disease proceeds like a common cold and is amenable to antiviral and symptomatic treatment. The use of antibiotics in this case is completely useless, moreover, harmful. There is no need to take antibacterial drugs if laryngitis is allergic.

When is an antibiotic needed? A direct indication for the use of the drug is streptococcal or staphylococcal infection. It is easy to recognize it by the following signs:

• temperature rise to 38.0–39.0° C;
• chills;
• the appearance of sputum with particles of pus and mucus;
• swelling of the larynx;
• hoarseness of voice;
• sore throat and...

The considered symptoms directly indicate acute bacterial laryngitis. In this case, the use of antibiotics is mandatory. Antimicrobial drugs are also prescribed for frequent relapses or prolonged course of the disease.

In childhood, viral laryngitis is often accompanied by a secondary infection. Then the disease becomes severe and becomes dangerous for the baby. Acute inflammation of the larynx can cause swelling of the pharyngeal tissues and cause an attack of suffocation. In this case, pediatricians always prescribe antibiotic treatment.

From all of the above it follows that antimicrobial agents for laryngitis are needed, but only in the case of the infectious nature of the disease.

Types of Antibacterial Agents

Which drug should I choose for treatment? It is known that according to their chemical structure, antibacterial agents are divided into several groups. Let's consider only those that are used in the treatment of the respiratory system.

So, the most effective groups of antibiotics are:

• penicillins;
• cephalosporins;
• macrolides;
• fluoroquinolones.

All products have several release forms and are convenient for home use. Despite the general classification of antibiotics, each group has its own contraindications and rules of administration.

Penicillins

It is penicillin drugs that are most often used to treat laryngitis. They can be prescribed to pregnant women and babies from the first year of life. Penicillins are low-toxic, have a wide range of effects, but more often than other antibiotics cause allergies. The main contraindication to use is individual intolerance.

The best penicillin group drugs for laryngitis:

• Amoxicillin;
• Amoxiclav;
• Augmentin;
• Solutab;
• Panclave.

Amoxicillin-based drugs reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives. Women should remember this and use additional means of protection while using penicillins.

Patients with gastrointestinal pathologies should carefully take medications containing clavulanic acid. The component has an adverse effect on the walls of the stomach and intestines, so for patients with gastritis or ulcers it is better to choose another antibacterial drug.

Cephalosporins

Cephalosporins are usually prescribed to patients intolerant to penicillins. The medications have shown good results in the treatment of laryngitis and can be used by pregnant women and infants from the first weeks of life. Most of them are used for intravenous and intramuscular administration.

The best cephalosporins:

• Cefixime;
• Cefazolin;
• Cephalexin;
• Ceforal;
• Maxipim.

Drugs of the cephalosporin group often cause side effects: diarrhea, nausea, allergic reactions.

Macrolides

Drugs in this group are considered the safest of antibacterial drugs and are well tolerated by patients. They are not used as often as penicillins and cephalosporins, since the medications act slowly and have a mainly bacteriostatic effect.

Macrolides are good because they help cure patients with allergies to penicillins and cephalosporins. But antibiotics also have one significant drawback - most staphylococci and streptococci quickly develop resistance to them, so re-use of drugs is not carried out earlier than after 3-4 months.

For oral administration the following is prescribed:

• Azithromycin;
• Sumamed;
• Erythromycin;
• Clubax.

In rare cases, after antibiotic therapy, adverse reactions develop: nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, pain in the gastrointestinal tract.

Fluoroquinolones

These are the most powerful drugs previously discussed. They are used only for very severe forms of the disease, since the drugs have serious contraindications and cause a halt in the development of the skeleton and cartilage tissue. Therefore, fluoroquinolones are not prescribed:

• children and adolescents up to 18 years of age;
• pregnant and nursing mothers;

An absolute contraindication is individual intolerance to drugs.

For the treatment of ENT diseases the following are used:

• Avelox;
• Lomefloxacin;
• Ofloxacin;
• Tavanik;
• Digital

All fluoroquinolones cause many adverse reactions: muscle pain, weakness and lethargy, nausea, gastrointestinal discomfort, dizziness. Medicines should not be used in summer as they increase sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation. As a last resort, buy sunscreen along with the antibiotic.

In addition to tablet forms, there are drops and sprays containing the active substance. They are prescribed only for mild cases of the disease. Suspensions are suitable for children and adults who have difficulty swallowing capsules.

The effectiveness of antibacterial therapy is assessed during the first 4 days. If the drug eliminates the manifestations of laryngitis and alleviates the patient’s condition, treatment should not be interrupted prematurely. This will lead to resistance (resistant) of the remaining bacteria to this antibiotic and its complete unsuitability for further therapy.

If the antimicrobial agent does not help and the disease continues to develop, you should contact your doctor to change the medication.

The occurrence of adverse reactions (slight nausea, stomach pain, mild diarrhea) does not always require abandoning the prescribed antibiotic. As a rule, it is enough to adjust the daily dosage or introduce drugs into the regimen that reduce the severity of adverse effects.

Overview of antibiotics for adults

So, what antibiotics are prescribed for adults? Of course, they must be as safe as possible and provide quick treatment. Therefore, antimicrobial therapy begins with drugs of the penicillin group. The most effective for laryngitis are Augmentin, Amoxiclav and Amoxicillin.

If penicillins are poorly tolerated, cephalosporins are prescribed, for example, Maxipam and Cefixime. Macrolides and fluoroquinolones are used less frequently, since antibacterial agents of the first two groups cope well with infection.

Let's take a closer look at the best antibiotics for laryngitis in adults.

Amoxicillin

The drug is excellent for treating the respiratory system. It is quickly absorbed into the gastrointestinal tract, and its bioavailability remains high under any regimen of use.

Adults and adolescents over 12 years of age are prescribed to take 1 tablet 3 times a day. The dosage of the active substance (250 or 500 mg) depends on the severity of the disease and is determined by the doctor. In difficult cases, a single dose of medication can be increased to 1000 mg.

The course of treatment ranges from 7 to 10 days. After the symptoms of the disease disappear, it is advisable to take Amoxicillin for another 3 days. The drug is low-toxic and has a minimum of adverse reactions, but is not able to resist all bacteria. Many strains have developed persistent resistance to this drug.

Augmentin

The medication is completely free from the disadvantages of Amoxicillin. The clavulanic acid included in its composition provides reliable protection against beta-lactamases.

Augmentin tablets are prescribed for adults and children over 12 years of age. Take it before meals. The single and daily dosage of the drug depends on the patient’s weight and the complexity of the disease.

The most commonly used scheme is:

• for mild forms of the disease, 250/125 capsules are prescribed, one three times a day;
• laryngitis with fever requires the prescription of tablets 500/125. Quantity and frequency of use as in the first case;
• severe or constantly recurrent pathology is treated with a dosage of 875/125 - 1 capsule every 12 hours.

The drug causes nausea, diarrhea and stomach pain more often than other antibiotics.

Protected (beta-lactam) penicillins include Amoxiclav, Flemoclav and Panklav. In terms of their effect on the body, they are identical to Augmentin. The daily and single dosage of medications is calculated based on the patient’s weight.

Cefixime

The drug is resistant to beta-lactamases, copes well with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococci and Klebsiella. It has a minimum of contraindications and side effects. The most common of them are: allergies, increased bleeding and the risk of developing mucosal candidiasis.

Adults are prescribed to drink 200 mg of antibiotic twice a day or 400 mg once a day. The treatment course lasts a week. For patients on hemodialysis, the daily dose is reduced by half.

In severe cases of laryngitis, Cefixime is replaced or supplemented with Maximim (Cefepime). The drugs are administered intramuscularly or intravenously.

Bioparox

Topical agents are often added to the tablet form of antibiotics. Bioparox is recommended to treat laryngitis of any severity. At the very beginning of the disease, it can be used as a single drug, and in the later stages it should be combined with antibacterial and symptomatic therapy. Suitable for use from 12 years of age.

The usual dose of the spray is 4 sprays three times a day.

If the acute form of laryngitis is not treated, over time it will become chronic, which will be much more difficult to get rid of.

Review of antibiotics for children

Oral antibiotics for laryngitis in children are used less frequently than in adults. Typically, pediatricians try to make do with local antimicrobial agents. Sprays help at the early stage of the disease, when signs of illness are not clearly expressed.

If the illness is accompanied by a severe cough, nasal congestion and fever, the child is prescribed oral medications. Children over 12 years of age or with a body weight exceeding 40 kg are prescribed tablets with the same dosage as adults.

Children are usually prescribed liquid suspensions. The daily portion is determined by the doctor. Most often it is 20–35 mg of active substance per kilogram of weight.

Name of antibiotics used in pediatrics:

• Augmentin - produced in powder form for preparing a suspension at home. The drug is not recommended for infants under 3 months.
• Amoxicillin - prescribed in the form of granules, which are diluted independently.
• Sumamed - the children's drug is presented as a powder for suspensions. Indicated for babies after six months.
• Zinnet - a liquid medicinal mixture is prepared from grains with a fruity aroma. Do not use for children under 3 months.

Treatment of laryngitis with antibiotics in childhood is carried out strictly as prescribed by the doctor. Purchasing medications on your own and giving them to your child just because the doctor prescribed the same thing last time is strictly prohibited. Only a specialist can calculate the daily and single dosage of a medicinal substance.

Often parents begin to independently change the antibiotic treatment regimen, reduce the portion or replace one drug with another, in their opinion, not so harmful. The result of such therapy will be the transition of the acute form of the disease to chronic. In addition, the child will suffer a lot of complications.

When starting treatment, it is necessary to clearly understand that the unauthorized use of antibiotics for laryngitis will not bring any benefit. Only a specialist can select and prescribe the necessary drug, based on the nature of the pathogen, its resistance and the severity of the disease.

Useful video about laryngitis