Biology tests. Sample test questions in biology for university applicants

This test will help you determine your baseline. It includes questions only on general biology.

1. Calcium ions are responsible for:
1) Immunity
2) Blood clotting
3) Transport of gases
4) Transport of nutrients

2. Biological catalysts (enzymes) by their nature are:
1) lipids
2) proteins
3) carbohydrates
4) vitamins

3. Biological oxidation in the cell occurs:
1) in the cell center
2) in the cytoplasm
3) in mitochondria
4) in the core

4. The genetic material in a eukaryotic cell contains:
1) in the core
2) in the cytoplasm
3) in the cell center
4) in the membrane

5. Photosynthesis occurs
1) in plants
2) in bacteria
3) in mushrooms
4) in plants and bacteria

6. When DNA doubles, opposite adenine is located:
1) uracil
2) thymine
3) guanine
4) cytosine

7. As a result of mitosis, the following is formed:
1) two different cells
2) two identical cells
3) four identical cells
4) four different cells

8. The totality of all the genes of an organism:
1) phenotype
2) genotype
3) crossing over
4) chromosome

9. According to Mendel’s 2nd law, splitting occurs in the ratio:
1) 1:1
2) 2:1
3) 3:1
4) 4:1

10. Form of natural selection in which the value of the average changes:
1) driving
2) stabilizing
3) interspecific
4) intraspecific

11. The theory of abiogenic synthesis of organic substances was proposed by:
1) J-B. Lamarck
2) L. Pasteur
3) A.I. Oparin
4) C. Linnaeus

12. In the Mesozoic era, the Earth was dominated by:
1. amphibians
2. reptiles
3. birds
4. mammals

13. The cat family and the canine family unite
1) genus carnivorous
2) squad of predators
3) class predatory
4) type predatory

14. Functions of water in a cell:
1) reaction medium
2) thermoregulation
3) solvent
4) everything is correct

15. Cholesterol is:
1) carbohydrate
2) protein
3) lipid
4) nucleic acid

16. Protein biosynthesis occurs:
1) in the membrane
2) in ribosomes
3) in the core
4) in the cytoplasm

17. Animal cage does NOT contain:
1. lysosomes
2. plastids
3. ribosomes
4. cell center

18. Chemosynthesis is possible:
1) in mushrooms
2) in bacteria
3) in plants
4) in animals

19. The DNA molecule does NOT contain
1) cytosine
2) adenine
3) uracil
4) thymine

20. As a result of meiosis, the following are formed:
1. two identical cells
2. two different cells
3. four absolutely identical cells
4. four different cells

21. The totality of all signs of an organism:
1. genotype
2. phenotype
3. genome
4. gene

22.According to Mendel’s 3rd law, splitting occurs in the ratio:
1. 9:3:3:1
2. 1:1:1:1
3. 9:7
4. 9:6:1

23. Polyploidy is:
1. gene mutation
2. chromosomal mutation
3. genomic mutation

24. A group of organisms similar in structure, origin and habitat are called:
1. population
2. view
3. native
4. breed

25.Evolutionary factors include:
1. genetic drift
2. insulation
3. natural selection
4. everything is correct

26. During the Cenozoic era, the Earth was dominated by:
1) mammals
2) reptiles
3) birds
4) amphibians
27. Systematics in its modern form was founded by:
1) Charles Darwin
2) C. Linnaeus
3) J-B. Lamarck
4) V.I. Vernadsky

28. . Cell macroelements include:
1) fluorine, iodine, sodium, magnesium
2) carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen
3) gold, platinum, silver

29. Glycogen is
1) lipid
2) protein
3) carbohydrate
4) inorganic matter

thirty . Transcription occurs:
1) on the membrane
2) in the core
3) in the cytoplasm
4) in the vacuole

31. A plant cell does NOT contain:
1) vacuole
2) chloroplasts
3) cell center
4) shell

32. Animals include:
1) to autotrophic organisms
2) to photosynthetic organisms
3) to heterotrophic organisms

33. When DNA is doubled, guanine is located opposite
1) adenine
2) thymine
3) cytosine
4) uracil

34. Asexual reproduction occurs:
1) disputes
2) division
3) budding
4) everything is correct

35. Allelic genes are:
1) genes responsible for the development of various traits
2) genes responsible for the identical development of one trait
3) genes responsible for alternative development
one sign

36. According to Mendel’s 1st law:
1) in F1 all hybrids are different
2) in F1 all hybrids are the same
3) in F1 a 3:1 split occurs
4) in F1 there is a 1:1 split

37. Forms of struggle for existence include:
1) interspecific struggle
2) intraspecific struggle
3) both answers are correct

38. The direction of evolution in which a qualitative complication of organisms occurs:
1) idioadaptation
2) aromorphosis
3) general degeneration

39. Amphibians dominated the Earth:
1) in the Archean era
2) in the Mesozoic era
3) in the Paleozoic era
4) in the Cenozoic era

40. The order rodents and the order insectivores unite:
1) class chordates
2) family chordates
3) class mammals
4) type mammals

41. Iron ions are part of:
1) insulin
2) growth hormone
3) vitamin A
4) hemoglobin

42. Starch is:
1) carbohydrate
2) fat
3) protein
4) vitamin

43. During the oxygen breakdown of glucose, the following is formed:
1) lactic acid
2) glycogen
3) oxygen
4) first PVC, then carbon dioxide and water

44. A bacterial cell does NOT contain:
1) membrane
2) cytoplasm
3) core
45. When DNA is doubled, opposite cytosine is located:
1) guanine
2) thymine
3) adenine
4) uracil

46. Types of sexual reproduction:
1) hermaphroditism
2) dioeciousness
3) parthenogenesis
4) everything is correct

47. Rule of purity of gametes:
1) each gamete carries only one of the allelic genes
2) each gamete carries two allelic genes
3) each gamete carries three allelic genes
4) each gamete carries four allelic genes

48. Color blindness is a disease transmitted through:
1) food and water
2) X chromosome
3) Y chromosome
4) by airborne droplets

49. The adaptability of organisms is:
1) relative nature
2) absolute character
3) in some species it is absolute, in others it is relative
4) all options are incorrect

50. The foundations of modern evolutionary theory were laid by:
1) C. Linnaeus
2) C. Darwin
3) L. Pasteur
4) I. Sechenov

51. Currently, the dominant invertebrates on Earth are:
1) worms
2) insects
3) protozoa
4) coelenterates

Tests

Knowledge in the modern world is very important. However, unfortunately, many people cannot boast of even the most basic knowledge in any field.

We, at the site, are confident that our readers are not the sameno, but we suggest you test your knowledge!

1. Scientifically, the navel is called umbilicus.

2. If a person smokes one pack of cigarettes per day, then in a year he drinks half a standard cup of tar.

3. Man is an exceptional representative of the animal world who can draw straight lines.

4. The beard of blondes grows faster than that of brunettes.

5. In order to smile, a person uses 17 muscles.

6. Human DNA contains about 80,000 genes.

7. If a man is shorter than 130 cm, he is considered a dwarf. For a woman this figure is 120 cm.

8. The lifespan of leukocytes is 2-3 days, erythrocytes – 3-4 months.

9. This is what the French call their fingers: pous, index, major, anulaire, oriculaire.

10. During his life, a person bends each of his fingers approximately 25 million times.

11. The size of our heart is equal to the size of our fist. The heart of an adult weighs 220 – 260 grams.

Human biology

12. The human body consists of only 4 minerals: calcite, aragonite, apatite and cristobalite.

13. In one day, the human brain creates many more electrical impulses than all the phones in the world combined.

14. When a person cannot see anything due to strong light, this is called snow blindness.

15. In total, bacteria live in our body with a total weight of 2 kg.

16. In one second, 100,000 chemical reactions occur in the human brain.

17. A person is born without kneecaps; they appear at about 2-6 years of age.

18. The surface area of a person's lungs is approximately equal to the area of a tennis court.

19. When a child is born, there are already 14 billion cells in his brain, this number never increases. On the contrary, after age 25, the number of nerve cells decreases by 100,000 per day. For example, in the one minute it takes you to read a page of plain text, approximately 70 cells die. After 40 years, brain degradation accelerates greatly, and after 50 years, neurons quickly dry out, and brain volume decreases.

Facts about the person

20. In psychiatry there is a syndrome that is officially called “Alice in Wonderland”. It is accompanied by a disturbance in the perception of space and time, the environment, one’s body, and depersonalization.

21. During a person’s lifetime, the small intestine is about 2.5 meters long. After a person's death, the muscles relax, and the length of the small intestine can reach 6 meters.

22. An adult has approximately 2 million sweat glands. The average person loses 540 calories per liter of sweat. Men sweat 40 percent more than women.

23. Our right lung holds more air than our left.

24. An adult takes approximately 23,000 breaths every day.

25. Over the course of a woman’s life, her body produces approximately 7 million eggs.

26. The human eye can distinguish 10,000,000 shades of colors.

27. Each of us has 40,000 bacteria in our mouths.

28. There is a disorder called papaphobia, which means that a person is afraid of the Pope.

29. You won't be able to sneeze with your eyes open.

30. The human spine consists of 33 or 34 vertebrae.

31. Men blink approximately twice as often as women.

33. The tongue is the strongest muscle in the human body.

34. Each of us has approximately 2,000 taste buds in our bodies.

35. In Mesopotamia, if a patient died, then his attending physician was executed, and if the patient became blind, then the doctor was blinded.

36. At the time of birth, a child’s body contains 300 bones; by adulthood, only 206 remain.

37. Women are about 10 times less likely to suffer from color blindness.

38. 36,800,000 – this is exactly how many times our heart manages to beat in one year.

39. About half of all human bones are located in the feet and wrists.

40. Doctors in the Middle Ages, when they doubted the correctness of the diagnosis, told the patient that he had syphilis.

The 2019 state final certification in biology for graduates of the 9th grade of general education institutions is carried out to assess the level of general education training of graduates in this discipline. The tasks test knowledge of the following sections of biology:

The role of biology in the formation of the modern natural science picture of the world, in the practical activities of people.
The cellular structure of organisms as proof of their relationship, the unity of living nature.
Signs of organisms. Unicellular and multicellular organisms. Kingdom of Bacteria. Kingdom of Mushrooms.
Kingdom of Plants.
Animal Kingdom.
General plan of the structure and vital processes. Similarities between humans and animals and differences from them. Reproduction and development of the human body.
Neurohumoral regulation of vital processes of the body.
Support and movement.
Internal environment.
Transport of substances.
Nutrition. Breath.
Metabolism. Selection. Covers of the body.
Sense organs.
Psychology and human behavior.
Compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards and rules of a healthy lifestyle. Techniques for providing first aid.
The influence of environmental factors on organisms.
Ecosystem organization of living nature. Biosphere. The doctrine of the evolution of the organic world.

In this section you will find online tests that will help you prepare to take the OGE (GIA) in biology. We wish you success!

The standard OGE test (GIA-9) of the 2019 format in biology contains two parts. The first consists of 28 tasks with a short answer, the second - of 4 tasks with a detailed answer. In this regard, only the first part (i.e., the first 28 tasks) is presented in this test. According to the current exam structure, among these tasks, only 22 questions offer answer options. But for the convenience of passing tests, the site administration decided to offer answer options in all tasks. However, for tasks in which the compilers of real test and measurement materials (CMMs) do not provide answer options, the number of answer options has been significantly increased in order to bring our test as close as possible to what you will have to face at the end of the school year.

The standard OGE test (GIA-9) of the 2018 format in biology contains two parts. The first consists of 28 tasks with a short answer, the second - of 4 tasks with a detailed answer. In this regard, only the first part (i.e., the first 28 tasks) is presented in this test. According to the current exam structure, among these tasks, only 22 questions offer answer options. But for the convenience of passing tests, the site administration decided to offer answer options in all tasks. However, for tasks in which the compilers of real test and measurement materials (CMMs) do not provide answer options, the number of answer options has been significantly increased in order to bring our test as close as possible to what you will have to face at the end of the school year.

The standard OGE test (GIA-9) of the 2017 format in biology contains two parts. The first consists of 28 tasks with a short answer, the second - of 4 tasks with a detailed answer. In this regard, only the first part (i.e., the first 28 tasks) is presented in this test. According to the current exam structure, among these tasks, only 22 questions offer answer options. But for the convenience of passing tests, the site administration decided to offer answer options in all tasks. However, for tasks in which the compilers of real test and measurement materials (CMMs) do not provide answer options, the number of answer options has been significantly increased in order to bring our test as close as possible to what you will have to face at the end of the school year.

The standard OGE test (GIA-9) of the 2016 format in biology contains two parts. The first consists of 28 tasks with a short answer, the second - of 4 tasks with a detailed answer. In this regard, only the first part (i.e., the first 28 tasks) is presented in this test. According to the current exam structure, among these tasks, only 22 questions offer answer options. But for the convenience of passing tests, the site administration decided to offer answer options in all tasks. However, for tasks in which the compilers of real test and measurement materials (CMMs) do not provide answer options, the number of answer options has been significantly increased in order to bring our test as close as possible to what you will have to face at the end of the school year.

The standard OGE test (GIA-9) of the 2015 format in biology contains two parts. The first consists of 28 tasks with a short answer, the second - of 4 tasks with a detailed answer. In this regard, only the first part (i.e., the first 28 tasks) is presented in this test. According to the current exam structure, among these tasks, only 22 questions offer answer options. But for the convenience of passing tests, the site administration decided to offer answer options in all tasks. However, for tasks in which the compilers of real test and measurement materials (CMMs) do not provide answer options, the number of answer options has been significantly increased in order to bring our test as close as possible to what you will have to face at the end of the school year.

one correct option.

When completing tasks A1-A24, select only one correct option.

Biology is a set of sciences about living nature. Its name comes from the Greek words “bios” - life and “logos” - teaching.

The subject of biology studies the structure and functions of living beings, their origin, development and distribution, natural communities, their relationship with each other and the environment. All organisms that make up living nature - plants, animals and humans - are considered by biology in their historical development, movement, change and complexity.

The proposed tests include questions on general biology, botany, zoology, anatomy, physiology and human hygiene, the basics of genetics, ecology and the biosphere, used when passing the Unified State Exam and in entrance exams to medical universities.

The biology test consists of

from 10 questions randomly selected from the database,

compiled based on the source

Bogdanova T.L. Biology. Assignments and exercises. A guide for applicants to universities. M., Higher School, 1991

When completing the test, mark what you think are the correct answers to the questions presented and click the “Finish” button at the bottom of the page. The test is considered passed if 100% correct answers are submitted within 10 minutes.

Taking the test is completely free,

does not require registration, sending SMS, phone number, etc.

Thanks, comments and wishes are accepted on the forum

Understanding the mechanism of mitosis, indirect cell division, is of great importance for passing the Unified State Exam in biology with a high score. Knowledge of how mitosis occurs is required not only to answer many test tasks, but also to solve problems in cytology (question 27). These tests present only a few tasks examining mitosis, but throughout the history of the Unified State Exam there have been a lot of them. Mitosis is directly related to meiosis. The complex life cycles of different organisms contain a natural alternation of the processes of mitosis and meiosis.

The process of meiosis, reduction cell division, is understood by many students even less well than mitosis. It has more phases - 8, not 4, as in mitosis. In addition, for living organisms it has an even more important and subtle meaning. When answering USE tasks, you need to explain the events of meiosis in detail and in detail. Specifics are important, not general phrases. Examples of questions examining meiosis: “Which chromosomes are characterized by independent segregation? What significance does it have?”, “Why are the reasons for combinative variability also embedded in meiosis?”

Ontogenesis is the most important topic in biology, considering the development processes of living organisms. Just try to answer the questions without hesitation: “In which organisms did the third germ layer appear for the first time in the process of evolution? What organs and systems developed from it?” Are you at a loss?

Genetics is one of the most complex branches of biology. According to the state program, about 4-5 months are allotted for the study of genetics at school; its foundations are laid already in the 9th grade, the course continues in the 10th-11th grades. For the Unified State Exam in biology, many problems on genetics have been developed, which are placed in the very last question number 40. Is it possible to solve problems perfectly without a deep understanding of the theory? Certainly not. These tests will help you understand the complexities of genetics.

To understand the stages of evolution, knowledge of zoology and botany is very important. But they alone are not enough. It is necessary to understand the connections between different organisms, to draw conclusions about at what point in historical development complications in structure and function appeared. Any stage of evolution could be characterized by different directions - aromorphosis, idioadaptation, general degeneration. Hundreds and thousands of different groups of living organisms have undergone these trends over many millions of years. What are their features? What significance do they have for evolution? Test yourself!

To understand the process of evolution, knowledge of zoology and botany is important, but that’s not all. It is necessary to trace connections between different organisms and be able to draw conclusions about at what point in historical development complications in structure and function appeared. Any stage of evolution could be characterized by different directions: aromorphosis, idioadaptation, general degeneration... Hundreds and thousands of different groups of living organisms developed in these ways over many millions of years. What are their features? What significance do they have for evolution? Test yourself!

The topic “Brain” is one of the most interesting and difficult in biology. The structure of the human nervous system is traditionally poorly understood by students due to the large amount of information. The nervous system controls a huge number of structures in the body. Examples of Unified State Exam questions on this topic: “Which part of the brain is responsible for the final formation of visual sensations?”, “Which part of the brain regulates body temperature and is the center of thirst and satiety?”, “Where are the centers that govern human conscious behavior located?”, “What is the function of the midbrain?”, “Which human brain controls metabolism?”.

A lack of understanding of the differences between the structures of the autonomic and somatic nervous systems is typical for many students. This can be critical when answering exams. Thus, in the second part of the 2016 Unified State Exam tasks, the developers created new questions in which it was necessary to indicate the location of the nuclei and nodes of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. These questions, first of all, require knowledge of the basic concepts of the “Nervous System” section, such as “dendrite”, “neuron body”, “axon”. Well, for a deep understanding of the topic, you need to know the functions of all parts of the nervous system. Take online tests and improve your knowledge.