21.05 02 applied geology who to work with. Applied geology. Upper crustal horizons

Geology is the study of the Earth and the sciences are interconnected. Geophysics studies the mantle, crust, outer liquid and inner solid core. The discipline examines oceans, surface and underground waters. This science also studies the physics of the atmosphere. In particular, aeronomy, climatology, meteorology. What is geology? Within the framework of this discipline, somewhat different research is carried out. Next, let's find out what geology studies.

General information

General geology is a discipline within which the structure and patterns of development of the Earth, as well as other planets belonging to the Solar System, are studied. Moreover, this also applies to their natural satellites. General geology is a complex of sciences. The research is carried out using physical methods.

Main directions

There are three of them: historical, dynamic and descriptive geology. Each direction differs in its basic principles, as well as research methods. Let's look at them in more detail next.

Descriptive direction

It studies the placement and composition of the corresponding bodies. In particular, this applies to their shapes, sizes, relationships and sequence of occurrence. In addition, this area deals with the description of rocks and various minerals.

Study of process evolution

This is what the dynamic direction does. In particular, the processes of destruction of rocks, their movement by wind, underground or ground waves, and glaciers are studied. This science also examines internal volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, movement of the earth's crust and accumulation of sediments.

Chronological order

Speaking about what geology studies, it should be said that research extends not only to phenomena that take place on Earth. One area of ​​the discipline analyzes and describes the chronological order of processes on Earth. These studies are carried out within the framework of historical geology. The chronological order is organized in a special table. She is better known as She, in turn, is divided into four intervals. This was done in accordance with stratigraphic analysis. The first interval covers the following period: the formation of the Earth - the present time. Subsequent scales reflect the last segments of the previous ones. They are marked with stars on an enlarged scale.

Features of absolute and relative age

The study of the geology of the Earth is of utmost importance for humanity. Thanks to research, he became known, for example. Geological events are assigned an exact date that refers to a specific point in time. In this case we are talking about absolute age. Also, events can be assigned to certain intervals of the scale. This is relative age. Speaking about what geology is, it should be said that, first of all, it is a whole complex of scientific research. Within the discipline, various methods are used to determine the periods to which specific events are tied.

Radioisotope dating method

It was opened at the beginning of the 20th century. This method provides the ability to determine absolute age. Before its discovery, geologists were greatly limited. In particular, only relative dating methods were used in order to determine the age of the relevant events. Such a system is only able to establish the sequential order of the latest changes, and not the date of their occurrence. However, this method is still very effective. This applies to the case where materials devoid of radioactive isotopes are available.

Comprehensive research

The comparison of a certain stratigraphic unit with another occurs through strata. They are composed of sedimentary rocks, rocks, fossils and surface deposits. In most cases, relative age is determined using the paleontological method. At the same time, it is mainly based on the chemical and physical properties of rocks. As a rule, this age is determined by radioisotope dating. This refers to the accumulation of decay products of the corresponding elements that make up the material. Based on the data obtained, the approximate date of occurrence of each event is established. They are located at certain points on the general geological scale. To build an accurate sequence, this factor is very important.

Main sections

It is quite difficult to briefly answer the question of what geology is. It should be noted here that science includes not only the above areas, but also various groups of disciplines. At the same time, the development of geology continues today: new branches of the scientific system are emerging. Previously existing and emerging new groups of disciplines are associated with all three areas of science. Thus, there are no exact boundaries between them. What geology studies is also studied to varying degrees by other sciences. As a result, the system comes into contact with other areas of knowledge. There is a classification of the following groups of sciences:

Mineralogy

What does geology study in this section? Research concerns minerals, issues of their genesis, as well as classification. Lithology deals with the study of rocks that were formed in processes associated with the hydrosphere, biosphere and atmosphere of the Earth. It is worth noting that they are still inaccurately called sedimentary. Geocryology studies a number of characteristic features and properties that permafrost rocks acquire. Crystallography was originally one of the areas of mineralogy. Nowadays it can rather be classified as a physical discipline.

Petrography

This branch of geology studies metamorphic and igneous rocks mainly from a descriptive perspective. In this case we are talking about their genesis, composition, textural features and classification.

The earliest section of geotectonics

There is a direction that studies disturbances in the earth’s crust and the occurrence patterns of the corresponding bodies. Its name is structural geology. It must be said that geotectonics appeared as a science at the beginning of the 19th century. Structural geology studied medium- and small-scale tectonic dislocations. Size - tens to hundreds of kilometers. This science was finally formed only towards the end of the century. Thus, there was a transition to the identification of tectonic units on a global and continental scale. Subsequently, the doctrine gradually developed into geotectonics.

Tectonics

This section of geology studies. It also includes the following areas:

1. Experimental tectonics.
2. Neotectonics.
3. Geotectonics.

Narrow Sections

• Volcanology. A rather narrow section of geology. He studies volcanism.
• Seismology. This branch of geology deals with the study of geological processes that occur during earthquakes. This also includes seismic zoning.
• Geocryology. This branch of geology focuses on the study of permafrost.
• Petrology. This section of geology studies the genesis, as well as the conditions of origin of metamorphic and igneous rocks.

Sequence of processes

Everything that geology studies contributes to a better understanding of certain processes on earth. For example, the chronology of events is a critical subject. After all, every geological science is historical in nature to one degree or another. They consider existing formations from this point of view. First of all, these sciences clarify the sequence of formation of modern structures.

Classification of periods

The entire history of the Earth is divided into two major stages, which are called eons. Classification occurs according to the appearance of organisms with hard parts that leave traces in sedimentary rocks. According to paleontology, they allow us to determine the relative geological age.

Subjects of research

The Phanerozoic began with the appearance of fossils on the planet. Thus, open life developed. This period was preceded by the Precambrian and Cryptozoic. There was a hidden life at this time. Precambrian geology is considered a special discipline. The fact is that she studies specific, mostly repeatedly and strongly metamorphotic complexes. In addition, it is characterized by special research methods. Paleontology focuses on the study of ancient life forms. She describes fossil remains and traces of the vital activity of organisms. Stratigraphy determines the relative geological age of sedimentary rocks and the division of their strata. She also deals with the correlation of various formations. Paleontological definitions provide a source of data for stratigraphy.

What is applied geology

Some areas of science interact with others in one way or another. However, there are disciplines that are on the border with other branches. For example, mineral geology. This discipline deals with methods of prospecting and exploration of rocks. It is divided into the following types: geology of coal, gas, oil. Metallogeny also exists. Hydrogeology focuses on the study of groundwater. There are quite a lot of disciplines. All of them have practical significance. For example, what is This section dealing with the study of the interaction of structures and the environment. Soil geology is closely related to it, since, for example, the choice of material for the construction of buildings depends on the composition of the soil.

Other subtypes

• Geochemistry. This branch of geology focuses on the study of the physical properties of the Earth. This also includes a set of exploration methods, including electrical prospecting of various modifications, magnetic, seismic and gravity prospecting.
• Geobarothermometry. This science studies a set of methods for determining the temperatures and pressures of formation of rocks and minerals.
• Microstructural geology. This section deals with the study of rock deformation at the micro level. This refers to the scale of mineral aggregates and grains.
• Geodynamics. This science focuses on the study of processes on a planetary scale that occur as a result of the evolution of the planet. The connection between mechanisms in the earth's crust, mantle and core is studied.
• Geochronology. This section deals with determining the age of minerals and rocks.
• Lithology. It is also called petrography of sedimentary rocks. Engaged in the study of relevant materials.
• History of Geology. This section focuses on the totality of the information obtained and the mining business.
• Agrogeology. This section is responsible for the search, extraction and use of agricultural ores for agricultural purposes. In addition, he studies the mineralogical composition of soils.

The following geological sections focus on the study of the Solar System:

1. Cosmology
2. Planetology.
3. Space geology.
4. Cosmochemistry.

Mining geology

It is differentiated by types of mineral raw materials. There is a division into the geology of nonmetallic and ore minerals. This section studies the patterns of location of the corresponding deposits. Their connection with the following processes is also established: metamorphism, magmatism, tectonics, sedimentation. Thus, an independent branch of knowledge appeared, which is called metallogeny. The geology of non-metallic minerals is also subdivided into the sciences of combustible substances and caustobioliths. This includes shale, coal, gas, oil. The geology of non-combustible rocks includes building materials, salts and more. This section also includes hydrogeology. It is dedicated to underground waters.

Economic direction

It is a rather specific discipline. It appeared at the intersection of economics and mineral geology. This discipline is focused on cost assessments of subsoil areas and deposits. The term "mineral resource", taking this into account, can be attributed to the economic sphere rather than to the geological one.

Intelligence Features

The geology of the deposit is an extensive scientific complex, within the framework of which activities are carried out to determine the industrial significance of rock areas that have received a positive assessment based on the results of prospecting and assessment activities. During exploration, geological and industrial parameters are set. They, in turn, are necessary for the appropriate assessment of sites. This also applies to the processing of extracted minerals, the provision of operational activities, and the design of construction of mining enterprises. Thus, the morphology of the bodies of the corresponding materials is determined. This is very important when selecting a mineral post-processing system. The contours of their bodies are being established. In this case, geological boundaries are taken into account. In particular, this applies to fault surfaces and contacts of lithologically different rocks. The nature of the distribution of minerals, the presence of harmful impurities, and the content of associated and main components are also taken into account.

Upper crustal horizons

They are studied by engineering geology. The information obtained during the study of soils makes it possible to determine the suitability of the relevant materials for the construction of specific objects. The upper layers of the earth's crust are often called the geological environment. The subject of study in this section is information about its regional characteristics, dynamics and morphology. Interaction with engineering structures is also being studied. The latter are often called elements of the technosphere. This takes into account the planned, current or completed economic activity of a person. Engineering-geological assessment of the territory involves the identification of a special element, which is characterized by homogeneous properties.

A Few Basic Principles

The above information allows you to understand quite clearly what geology is. It must be said that science is considered historical. It has many important tasks. First of all, this concerns the determination of the sequence of geological events. To efficiently perform these tasks, a number of intuitively consistent and simple features related to the temporal relationship of rocks have long been developed. Intrusive relationships represent contacts between the corresponding rocks and their strata. All conclusions are made based on the detected signs. Relative age also allows us to determine current relationships. For example, if it breaks rocks, then this allows us to conclude that the fault was formed later than them. The principle of continuity is that the building material from which the layers are formed can be stretched across the surface of the planet if it is not limited by some other mass.

Historical information

The first observations are usually attributed to dynamic geology. In this case, we mean information about the movement of coastlines, erosion of mountains, volcanic eruptions and earthquakes. Attempts to classify geological bodies and describe minerals were made by Avicenna and Al-Burini. Some scholars now suggest that modern geology originated in the medieval Islamic world. Similar research was carried out during the Renaissance by Girolamo Fracastoro and Leonardo da Vinci. They were the first to suggest that fossil shells are the remains of extinct organisms. They also believed that the history of the Earth itself was much longer than the biblical ideas about it. At the end of the 17th century, a general theory about the planet arose, which became known as diluvianism. Scientists of the time believed that the fossils and sedimentary rocks themselves were formed due to a global flood.

The need for minerals increased very quickly towards the end of the 18th century. Thus, the subsoil began to be studied. Basically, the accumulation of factual materials, descriptions of the properties and characteristics of rocks, as well as studies of the conditions of their occurrence were carried out. In addition, observation techniques were developed. For almost the entire 19th century, geology was entirely concerned with the question of the exact age of the Earth. Estimates have varied quite widely, from a hundred thousand years to billions. However, the age of the planet was initially determined at the beginning of the 20th century. Radiometric dating contributed greatly to this. The estimate obtained then was about 2 billion years. Currently, the true age of the Earth has been established. It is approximately 4.5 billion years old.

APPLIED GEOLOGY - combines practical branches of geology: geology of mineral deposits, hydrogeology, engineering geology, oilfield geology, mining geology, etc.

Geological Dictionary: in 2 volumes. - M.: Nedra. Edited by K. N. Paffengoltz et al.. 1978 .

See what “APPLIED GEOLOGY” is in other dictionaries:

applied geology- — Topics oil and gas industry EN applied geologyeconomic geologypractical geology… Technical Translator's Guide

Applied geol. the science of the conditions of distribution of oil and gas in the lithosphere, the search for their industrial accumulations, the preparation of the latter for development with the calculation of reserves in them both on land and in the waters of shelves and continental basins.... ... Geological encyclopedia

geology- ▲ applied science regarding, earth's crust geology is the science of the earth's crust. lithology. metallogeny. geochemistry. petrography, petrology. stratigraphy. geomorphology. orography. speleology. neptunism. plutonism. epigenetic. geochronology. |… … Ideographic Dictionary of the Russian Language

- (from other Greek γῆ “Earth” and from λόγος “teaching”) the science of the composition, structure and patterns of development of the Earth, other planets of the Solar system and their natural satellites. Contents 1 History of geology ... Wikipedia

- (from Geo... and...logy (See...Logia)) a complex of sciences about the earth’s crust and deeper spheres of the Earth; in the narrow sense of the word, the science of the composition, structure, movements and history of the development of the earth's crust and the placement of minerals in it. Majority… … Great Soviet Encyclopedia

University card name = Department of Geology and Geophysics of Samara State Technical University abbreviation = Geology and Geophysics of Samara State Technical University image = original = motto = founded = 1947 head of department = Gusev Vladimir Vasilievich, ... ... Wikipedia

- (((name))) (((faculty))) (((university))) (((image))) Department of Geology and Geophysics, the first department of the Petroleum Faculty of Samara State Technical University. It was created in 1947 and was headed by Professor K.V. Polyakov. In... Wikipedia

The branch of geology that studies geology. processes that determine the conditions of the land and geol. phenomena that occur in soils on which buildings and structures are erected. The applied task of geological geology is obtaining all the necessary (for design) geol. data and... Big Encyclopedic Polytechnic Dictionary

Contents 1 List of corresponding members 2 Abbreviations ... Wikipedia

Books

• Geology. Grif Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, A. G. Milyutin. This textbook provides comprehensive knowledge in the discipline of Geology. It is written on the basis of the latest principles of the theory of lithospheric plate tectonics. A distinctive feature of the publication is its…

The most common entrance exams:

• Russian language
• Mathematics (basic level)
• Geography is a specialized subject, at the choice of the university

Training lasts 4-5 years depending on the form of training: full-time (full-time) - 4 years; correspondence, distance learning, evening, etc. - 5 years.

The specialty “Geology” will be of interest to those applicants who are interested not just in geography, but in tectonic structures, the structure and origin of the Earth and the lithosphere, groundwater, soils, minerals and their deposits, crystals, minerals and rocks. Students gain extensive knowledge specifically in the field of the Earth and the processes of its evolution, without focusing too much on other sections of geography.

Briefly about the specialty

Groups of future geologists are divided into several subgroups depending on their profiles:

1. Geophysicists and geochemists (geochemical and geophysical directions);
2. Hydrogeologists (geological, hydrogeological, engineering-geological, ecological-geological directions);
3. General geologists.

When applying, it is better to ask the admissions committee about your future specialization. However, in most “classical” universities only general geology is taught. Then students equally deeply study the structure, material composition and origin of the Earth and the lithosphere, large tectonic structures, crystals, minerals and rocks, mineral deposits, groundwater, soils, geochemical and geophysical fields.

The training covers a variety of sciences related to geology: history of geology, geomorphology, lithology, mineral and sedimentary sciences, volcanology, geostatistics, glaciology. Moreover, graduates will have a good understanding of global warming and ocean currents.

Disciplines studied

First of all, you should pay attention to the disciplines that all students study, regardless of their specialty. These include: Russian language, history, political science, foreign language, philosophy, sociology, cultural studies, religious studies, ecology, psychology and pedagogy, ethics and aesthetics, life safety, logic, etc.

As specialized subjects you will study:

• General, historical, engineering, environmental sections of geology;
• Geodynamics;
• Geophysics and geochemistry;
• General and optical mineralogy;
• Crystallography;
• Lithology;
• Basics of paleontology;
• Structural geology and geomapping;
• Economics of Mineral Resources;
• Hydrology;
• Petrography;
• Geology of Russia with the basics of geotectonics;
• Isotope geology;
• Geology of solid and combustible minerals and others.

Acquired skills

By receiving your diploma, you will already have the following skills:

• Carrying out geological surveys;
• Participation in geological research of seas and oceans;
• Conducting regional geological research;
• Teaching in educational institutions;
• Use of field and laboratory geological, geochemical, geophysical instruments, installations and other equipment;
• Groundwater resource and quality assessments;
• Conducting lithological studies of sedimentary deposits;
• Research and use of the results of this research in the field of formation processes of seasonally frozen and permafrost waters;
• Paleontological study of fossil organic remains;
• Conducting research during the construction of engineering structures in a wide variety of conditions;
• Stratigraphy studies;
• Studies of the structure, chemical composition and properties of minerals and crystals;
• Study and search for mineral deposits;
• Studying the tectonic structure of areas;
• Search and exploration of important types of energy raw materials (oil, gas, coal);
• Study of natural and artificially created physical fields of the Earth, etc.

Future profession

First of all, you should pay attention to an important factor for many applicants - salary. It ranges from 20 to 50 thousand rubles per month and depends on the development customer. A government agency can order the work of a geologist (in this case, you need to expect a lower fee) or a private company (it makes sense to ask for a salary increase).

Do not also forget that there is always a chance of being invited to work under a contract abroad. The salaries and working conditions are much better there. Additionally, note that the oil industry is increasingly in need of highly skilled geoscientists. To a greater extent, geologists are required to assess prospects when drilling wells in different areas. And as you know, employees of companies engaged in oil production receive decent salaries.

A bachelor's degree in geology can also work in other areas: in the fields of museums, environmental protection.

Where to work?

So, in addition to schools and colleges, you will also be able to work in:

• Institutions of the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of the Russian Federation;
• Government organizations;
• Companies involved in prospecting, exploration and production of mineral raw materials;
• Consulting companies;
• Organizations of the Ministry of Energy;
• Companies of the State Construction Committee of the Russian Federation;
• Educational and non-profit companies;
• Institutes of the Academy of Sciences and Geological Research Institutes, etc.

Who to work with?

A bachelor's degree and the skills acquired with it are sufficient to work as a laboratory assistant, junior researcher or technician. However, despite the apparent “low prestige” of such professions, they will be a good start for subsequent work:

• Ecologist;
• Geocryologist;
• Engineer;
• Geochemist;
• Geologist;
• Topographer;
• Head of the party;
• Paleontologist;
• Geophysicist;
• Surveyor;
• Hydrogeologist and hydroecologist;
• Petrologist;
• Team leader, etc.

First semester

1. Basic information about the Universe: Big Bang theory, expansion, relict radiation, methods for studying the Universe. Visible and invisible matter in the Universe.

2. Giant clusters of stars - galaxies: sizes, morphology. Milky Way. Stars: their classification by luminosity, the relationship between luminosity and mass of stars. Neutron stars and black holes. Evolution of stars over time.

3. Characteristics of the Sun as a class G star: energy sources, shell structure, solar activity, solar wind.

4. Basic data on the composition, structure, size and satellites of the planets of the inner (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars) and outer (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto) groups.

5.Asteroid belt. Meteorites, their composition and significance for geology. Comets. Hypotheses of the origin of the solar system. A brief overview of catastrophic hypotheses. Evolutionary hypotheses of Kant-Laplace, Schmidt, Fesenkov. Two reservoir hypothesis. Concepts of heterogeneous and homogeneous accretion of the Earth.

6.Magnetic field: Earth’s magnetosphere, magnetic declination and inclination. Migration of magnetic poles and their inversion. Regional and local magnetic anomalies. The nature of the Earth's magnetic field.

7. Earth’s gravitational field, its inhomogeneities: local and regional anomalies. The concept of isostosy.

8. Thermal field of the Earth: ideas about the sources of energy of the Earth, geothermal gradient and step. Zone of constant temperatures. Use of the Earth's thermal energy by humans.

9. Earth's atmosphere: gas composition, density and temperature heterogeneity. The ozone layer and its importance for life on Earth. Radiation belts in the atmosphere.

10. Hydrosphere: above-ground and underground components. Forms of water: liquid, solid and gaseous and their volumetric relationships with each other. Biosphere. The noosphere is a shell of the active manifestation of human activity.

11. Shape and size of the Earth. Features of the structure of its surface. The concept of geoid. Mass and density of the Earth. Basic information about the earth's crust, mantle and core. Composition and structure of the earth's crust. Chemical composition of the earth's crust.

12. The concept of minerals. Classifications of minerals. The most important rock-forming minerals. The main rocks and their division according to the conditions of formation: igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic. Minerals and rocks as minerals.

13. Types of the earth's crust: continental, oceanic and transitional. Asthenosphere, lithosphere, tectonosphere. Ideas about the aggregate state of masses inside the Earth and the expected chemical composition of the geospheres.

14. Objective difficulties in studying the Earth: complexity of structure, enormous size, duration of geological processes. Methods used in studying the Earth (direct observations (geological mapping), comparative historical, actualistic, geophysical, chemical, remote sensing, etc.).

15. Sciences of the geological cycle: crystallography, mineralogy, petrography, lithology, structural geology, geotectonics, petrology, volcanology, sedimentology, geodynamics, seismology, mineral geology, hydrogeology, engineering geology, etc.

16. Sciences related to geology that study the Earth using their own methods: geophysics, geochemistry, paleontology.

17. Methods for determining the relative age of rocks. Paleontological method, as the main one for determining the relative age of sedimentary and volcanogenic-sedimentary rocks. Geochronological scale: major stratigraphic and geochronological units.

18. Determination of the isotopic age of geological formations. The most important isotope-radiometric methods: uranium-thorium-lead, potassium-argon, rubidium-strontium, samarium-neodymium, radiocarbon. Age of the Earth and crustal rocks.

19. Determination of the process of volcanism. Products of volcanic activity: liquid, solid and gaseous. Terrestrial and underwater eruptions. Types of volcanoes according to the nature of the volcanic structure: central type (stratovolcanoes, cinder cones, shields), fissure type.

20. The structure of volcanic apparatuses of the central type: cone, vent, crater, bocchi, somma, caldera, barancos. Types of volcanoes according to the nature of eruptions (effusive, explosive, intermediate type). Post-volcanic activity. Formation of fumaroles, solfatars, mofet, geysers, thermal springs.

21. Patterns of distribution of active and extinct volcanoes on the Earth’s surface. Main varieties of volcanic rocks (according to silicon-acidity). Minerals associated with volcanoes.

22. The concept of intrusive magmatism. Ideas about the origin of magmas and the levels of their generation. The main types of intrusive rocks and their differences from volcanic rocks. Processes inside magma chambers: segregation, gravitational-crystallization differentiation, assimilation.

23. Forms of occurrence of intrusive rocks, sizes, composition, relationships with host rocks Discordant bodies: batholiths, stocks, dikes, igneous veins. Concordant bodies: forces, laccoliths, lopoliths. Abyssal and hypabyssal intrusions. The role of magmatic and post-magmatic processes in the formation of minerals.

24. Definition of the process of metamorphism. Factors (agents) of metamorphism. The nature of metamorphic transformations (textural-structural, mineral, chemical). Types of metamorphism: contact (low pressure), regional (medium pressure), dislocation (dynamometamorphism), high pressure metamorphism. Progressive and regressive metamorphism. Minerals associated with metamorphic formations.

25. Tectonic movements of the earth's crust. Horizontal, vertical movements and their combinations. Signs and methods for detecting tectonic movements. Transgressions and regressions of the seas as indicators of vertical movements of the earth's crust.

26. Folded (plicative), discontinuous (disjunctive). Folds and elements of their structure. Anticlinal and synclinal folds. Elements of the structure of folds.

27. Fracture dislocations: cracks (fractures without displacement) and fractures with displacement. Elements of discontinuous faults. Faults, reverse faults, shifts, extensions, thrusts. Grabens, rifts, horsts.

28. Ideas about seismic phenomena as a result of tectonic movements. Examples of the strongest earthquakes. Source, hypocenter, epicenter of an earthquake. Depths of earthquake sources. Earthquake intensity scale: point and magnitude. Earthquake energy.

29. Methods for studying earthquakes. Seismographs, the principle of their design and operation. Causes of earthquakes. The pattern of propagation of earthquakes on Earth. Seismic belts. Short-term and long-term earthquake forecast. Harbingers of earthquakes.

30. Weathering. Definition of the weathering process. Physical weathering and its factors. The structure of eluvial deposits.

31. Chemical weathering. Factors of chemical weathering. Types of weathering crusts (linear and areal) and their vertical zoning. The influence of climate on the type of weathering (physical or chemical). Minerals associated with weathering processes.

32. Geological activity of wind – aeolian activity. Types of geological work of wind (rock destruction, transfer and accumulation of material). Deflation and corruption. Aeolian transport and accumulation.

33. Deserts and their types (sandy, clayey, loess and saline). Deflationary and accumulative deserts. Forms of aeolian deposits: dunes, dunes, ridges, hummocky sands. Movement of sand accumulations. Distribution of deserts on the territory of Russia and their development. Fighting the blowing sands.

34. Plane slope drainage. Diluvium.

35. Temporary riverbed flow. Ravines are temporary water flows. Backward erosion, material transport, gully deposits – gully alluvium. Characteristics of gully alluvium.

36. Mountain temporary flows and their deposits – proluvium. Main features of proluvial fans. A special type of temporary flow is mudflow.

37. River flows. Types of river erosion: bottom and side. The basis of erosion and the reasons for its fluctuations. Development of a longitudinal profile of the river equilibrium. Meandering as a result of lateral erosion of rivers. Forms of material transport by rivers. River deposits are alluvium. Distinctive features of alluvium. Channel and floodplain alluvium.

38. River valleys and their evolution. Reasons for the formation of river terraces. Above-floodplain terraces and their types. Deltas, estuaries and conditions of their formation. Minerals associated with the activity of surface flowing waters. The national economic importance of rivers, the protection of their resources.

39. Geological activity of groundwater. Forms of water in rocks. Origin of groundwater: infiltration. condensation, sedimentogenic, juvenile and dehydration waters.

40. Types of groundwater. Soil water. Verkhovodka. Groundwater. Movement and regime of groundwater. Interstratal free-flow waters. Pressure (artesian) interstratal waters. Areas of supply, unloading, pressure. Piezometric level. Artesian pools.

41. Chemical and gas composition of groundwater. Mineral waters: carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, radioactive. Mineral spring deposits. Minerals associated with the activity of mineralized thermal waters. National economic importance of groundwater.

Approved

by order of the Ministry of Education

and science of the Russian Federation

FEDERAL STATE EDUCATIONAL STANDARD

HIGHER EDUCATION IN SPECIALTY

05.21.02 APPLIED GEOLOGY

(SPECIALTY LEVEL)

I. SCOPE OF APPLICATION

This federal state educational standard of higher education is a set of requirements mandatory for the implementation of basic professional educational programs of higher education - specialty programs in the specialty 05.21.02 Applied Geology (hereinafter referred to as the specialty program, specialty).

II. ABBREVIATIONS USED

The following abbreviations are used in this federal state educational standard:

OK - general cultural competencies;

GPC - general professional competencies;

PC - professional competencies;

PSK - professionally specialized competencies;

FSES VO - federal state educational standard of higher education;

network form - a network form of implementation of educational programs.

III. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SPECIALTY

3.1. Receiving education under a specialty program is allowed only in an educational organization of higher education (hereinafter referred to as the organization).

3.2. Training under the specialty program in the organization is carried out in full-time, part-time and part-time forms of education.

In full-time or part-time forms, training can be carried out provided that applicants work in organizations related to the mineral resource complex, or in organizations carrying out educational activities in this specialty.

The volume of the specialty program is 300 credit units (hereinafter referred to as credits), regardless of the form of study, the educational technologies used, the implementation of the specialty program using a network form, the implementation of the specialty program according to an individual curriculum, including accelerated learning.

3.3. Duration of obtaining education under the specialty program:

full-time education, including vacations provided after passing the state final certification, regardless of the educational technologies used, is 5 years. The volume of a full-time specialty program implemented in one academic year is 60 credits;

in full-time or part-time forms of education, regardless of the educational technologies used, increases by no less than 6 months and no more than 1 year (at the discretion of the organization), compared with the period of obtaining education in full-time education. The volume of a specialty program for one academic year in full-time or part-time forms of study cannot be more than 75 credits;

when studying according to an individual curriculum, regardless of the form of study, no more than the period for obtaining education established for the corresponding form of study is established, and when studying according to an individual plan for persons with disabilities, it can be increased at their request by no more than 1 year compared with the period for obtaining education for the corresponding form of training. The volume of a specialty program for one academic year when studying according to an individual curriculum cannot be more than 75 z.e.

The specific period for obtaining education and the volume of the specialty program, implemented in one academic year, in full-time or part-time forms of study, according to an individual plan, are determined by the organization independently within the time limits established by this paragraph.

3.4. When implementing a specialty program, an organization has the right to use e-learning and distance learning technologies.

When training people with disabilities, e-learning and distance educational technologies must provide for the possibility of receiving and transmitting information in forms accessible to them.

3.5. Implementation of the specialty program is possible using a network form.

3.6. Educational activities under the specialty program are carried out in the state language of the Russian Federation, unless otherwise specified by the local regulatory act of the organization.

IV. CHARACTERISTICS OF PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY

GRADUATES WHO HAVE COMPLETED THE SPECIALTY PROGRAM

4.1. The area of ​​professional activity of graduates who have mastered the specialty program includes the fields of science, engineering and technology, covering a set of problems associated with the development of the mineral resource base, based on the study of the Earth and its subsoil for the purpose of forecasting, searching, exploration, exploitation of solid, liquid and gaseous minerals, geotechnical surveys to meet the needs of the fuel, metallurgical, chemical industries, the needs of agriculture, construction, assessment of the environmental condition of territories.

4.2. The objects of professional activity of graduates who have mastered the specialty program are:

mineral natural resources (solid metallic, non-metallic, liquid and gaseous), methods of their search and exploration;

technologies for studying crystals, minerals, rocks, deposits of solid, liquid and gaseous minerals, geological formations, the earth's crust, lithosphere and planet Earth as a whole;

equipment and technologies of geological, mineralogical, geochemical, hydrogeological, engineering-geological mapping and cartography;

technologies for forecasting, geological and economic assessment and exploitation of mineral deposits;

equipment and technologies for performing work in open and underground mines, quarries, mines, prospecting, exploration and production wells;

geographic information systems - subsoil exploration technologies;

ecological functions of the lithosphere and the ecological state of mining areas of subsoil use.

4.3. Types of professional activities for which graduates who have mastered the specialty program are prepared:

production and technological;

design;

scientific research;

organizational and managerial.

Specializations for which graduates who have mastered the specialty program are trained:

specialization No. 1 "Geological survey, search and exploration of solid mineral deposits";

specialization No. 2 "Search and exploration of groundwater and engineering-geological surveys";

specialization No. 3 "Geology of oil and gas";

specialization N 4 "Applied geochemistry, mineralogy, petrology".

When developing and implementing a specialty program, the organization focuses on the specific type(s) of professional activity for which the specialist is preparing and chooses a specialization based on the needs of the labor market, research and material and technical resources of the organization.

4.4. A graduate who has mastered the specialty program is ready to solve the following professional problems:

in accordance with the type(s) of professional activity on which the specialty program is focused:

design of technological processes for the study of natural objects at the stages of regional geological study, prospecting, exploration and development of mineral deposits;

solving production, scientific and production problems during field geological, geophysical, geochemical, environmental and geological work, desk, laboratory and analytical research;

operation of modern field and laboratory equipment and instruments;

registration of primary geological, geological-geochemical, geological-geophysical and geological-ecological documentation of field observations, sampling of soil-vegetative layer, rocks and minerals on the surface, in open and underground mine workings and wells, in surface and underground waters and subsurface air ;

keeping records of work performed and assessing their economic efficiency;

processing, analysis and systematization of field and field geological, geophysical, geochemical, environmental and geological information using modern methods of its automated collection, storage and processing;

development of methodological documents in the field of geological surveying, prospecting, exploration, operational work, geological and economic assessment of subsoil use objects as part of creative teams;

implementation of measures for the safe conduct of geological exploration and protection of personnel and the environment at all stages of production;

project activities:

implementation of scientific and technical projects in the field of geological, geochemical and environmental mapping of territories, forecasting, prospecting, exploration, development, geological, economic and environmental assessment of mineral objects, as well as objects associated with underground structures;

carrying out research work in the field of rational subsoil use of mineral resources, monitoring pollution of the territories of mineral resource complexes and protecting the geological environment as part of creative teams;

carrying out examination of research and design work in the field of geology, geochemistry, geological and industrial ecology of mineral objects as part of creative teams and independently;

the development of complex geological-genetic, forecasting and prospecting and geological-industrial models of deposits, fields, units of solid minerals;

carrying out the development and examination of innovative projects;

drawing up geological, methodological and production-technical sections of projects for the activities of production units as part of production teams and independently;

development of technology for conducting geological survey, prospecting and exploration work at mineral deposits and drawing up geological assignments for their implementation;

setting tasks and conducting research field, field, laboratory and interpretive work in the field of geology, geophysics, geochemistry and geological-industrial ecology as part of creative teams and independently;

carrying out analysis and summarizing the results of research work using modern achievements of science and technology, advanced domestic and foreign experience in the field of geology, geophysics, geochemistry and geological-industrial ecology;

studying modern achievements of science and technology, advanced domestic and foreign experience in the field of geology, geophysics, geochemistry, geological and industrial ecology, prospecting methodology, exploration and geological and economic assessment of mineral deposits;

implementation of experimental modeling of natural processes and phenomena using modern means of collecting and analyzing information;

compiling sections of reports, reviews and publications on research work in teams and independently;

assessment of the economic efficiency of research and scientific-production work in the field of geology, geochemistry, geological and industrial ecology, methods of prospecting and exploration of mineral deposits;

preparing and conducting lectures, master classes, seminars, scientific and technical conferences, presentations, preparing and editing scientific and educational publications;

planning and organizing your work and labor relations in the team, taking into account technical, financial and human factors;

planning and organization of research, scientific and production field, field, office, laboratory, analytical work in the field of geology, geochemistry and geological-industrial ecology;

monitoring compliance with established safety and labor protection requirements, current norms and rules during geological exploration;

performing technical and economic analysis, geological surveying, prospecting and exploration work and making management decisions;

implementation of vocational training under vocational training and retraining programs for employees of state mining and geological services and bodies of the Federal Tax Inspectorate of Russia.

according to specialization:

forecasting, based on an analysis of the geological situation, the probable industrial type of mineral, formulating favorable criteria for its location and identifying a promising area for further work;

drawing up projects independently and as part of a team for geological exploration work at different stages of study and at various sites;

carrying out geological mapping, prospecting, assessment and exploration work in various landscape and geographical conditions;

designing the location of mine workings and wells;

selection of species, sampling methods (ordinary, geochemical, mineralogical, technological) and methods of their analysis for studying the components of the natural environment, including rocks and minerals, when addressing issues of mapping, prospecting, exploration, technology for the development and processing of mineral raw materials;

assessing predicted resources and calculating reserves of solid mineral deposits;

analysis, systematization and interpretation of engineering-geological and hydrogeological information;

planning and organization of engineering-geological and hydrogeological research;

modeling of exogenous geological and hydrogeological processes;

drawing up programs for engineering-geological and hydrogeological research, constructing maps of engineering-geological and hydrogeological conditions;

assessment of engineering-geological and hydrogeological conditions for various types of economic activities;

carrying out calculations of hydrogeological parameters and stability of structures in connection with the development of negative exogenous geological processes;

forecasting hydrogeological and engineering-geological processes and assessing the accuracy and reliability of forecasts;

assessment of the accuracy and reliability of hydrodynamic and engineering-geological forecasts;

carrying out search and exploration of oil, gas, gas condensate deposits;

processing and interpretation of deep well drilling of geological sections;

interpretation of hydrodynamic studies of wells and formations to assess the complex characteristics of formations and bottomhole zones of wells;

identification of reservoir rocks and fluid seals in sections opened by wells, on seismic profiles, mapping of natural reservoirs and oil and gas traps;

assessment of resources and calculation of reserves of oil, flammable gases, gas condensate;

implementation of geological support for the development of oil and gas fields;

application of knowledge of physical and chemical mechanics for the implementation of technological processes for collecting and preparing products from wells in oil and gas fields;

carrying out environmental assessments of projects, drawing up an environmental passport, assessing, preventing environmental damage at production facilities and eliminating its consequences;

orientation in the current state of the world economy, assessing the role of oil and gas in its development;

conducting field studies of igneous and metamorphic complexes, halos of metasomatic rocks, selection of material for laboratory research of rocks;

performing diagnostics of minerals, rocks and ores using modern research methods;

knowledge of modern methods of processing, systematization and interpretation of petrochemical data, including using software;

based on the collected facts, draw conclusions about the origin and conditions of formation of igneous, metamorphic and metasomatic rocks, identifying the connection between these rocks and minerals;

processing geochemical data with the construction of specialized maps, sections and models of litho-, hydro-, atmospheric and biogeochemical halos;

interpretation of isotope geochemistry data to establish the age of rocks, complexes, as well as to identify connections between rocks and minerals with probable sources of ore formation;

use of knowledge of mineralogical-geochemical and mineralogical-technological mapping methods in practical work.

V. REQUIREMENTS FOR THE RESULTS OF MASTERING THE SPECIALTY PROGRAM

5.1. As a result of mastering the specialty program, the graduate must develop general cultural, general professional, professional and professionally specialized competencies.

5.2. A graduate who has mastered the specialty program must have the following general cultural competencies:

ability for abstract thinking, analysis, synthesis (OK-1);

willingness to act in non-standard situations, bear social and ethical responsibility for decisions made (OK-2);

readiness for self-development, self-realization, use of creative potential (OK-3);

the ability to use the foundations of philosophical knowledge, analyze the main stages and patterns of historical development to understand the social significance of one’s activities (OK-4);

the ability to use the basics of economic knowledge when assessing the effectiveness of performance in various areas (OK-5);

ability to communicate in oral and written forms in Russian and foreign languages ​​to solve problems of interpersonal and intercultural interaction (OK-6);

ability for self-organization and self-education (OK-7);

the ability to use general legal knowledge in various fields of activity (OK-8);

the ability to maintain the proper level of physical fitness to ensure full social and professional activities (OK-9);

ability to use first aid techniques, methods of protection in emergency situations (OK-10).

5.3. A graduate who has mastered the specialty program must have the following general professional competencies:

the ability to solve standard problems of professional activity on the basis of information and bibliographic culture using information and communication technologies and taking into account the basic requirements of information security (GPC-1);

readiness to communicate in oral and written forms in Russian and foreign languages ​​to solve problems of professional activity (GPC-2);

readiness to lead a team in the field of their professional activities, tolerantly perceiving social, ethnic, religious and cultural differences (GPC-3);

the ability to navigate the basic principles of economic theory, apply them taking into account the characteristics of a market economy, independently search for work in the labor market, mastery of methods for economic evaluation of scientific research, intellectual work (OPK-4);

the ability to organize one’s work, independently evaluate the results of one’s activities, and possess the skills of independent work, including in the field of scientific research (GPC-5);

willingness to conduct scientific research independently or as part of a group, implementing special means and methods for obtaining new knowledge (GPC-6);

understanding the essence and significance of information in the development of a modern information society, awareness of the dangers and threats arising in this process, compliance with the basic requirements of information security, including the protection of state secrets (OPK-7);

application of basic methods, methods and means of obtaining, storing and processing information, having skills in working with a computer as a means of information management (OPK-8);

knowledge of basic methods of protecting production personnel and the population from the possible consequences of accidents, catastrophes, and natural disasters (OPK-9).

5.4. A graduate who has mastered the specialty program must have professional competencies corresponding to the type(s) of professional activity to which the specialty program is focused:

production and technological activities:

willingness to use theoretical knowledge when performing production, technological and engineering research in accordance with specialization (PC-1);

the ability to select technical means to solve general professional problems and monitor their use (PC-2);

the ability to conduct geological observations and carry out their documentation at the study object (PC-3);

the ability to link your observations on the ground, draw up diagrams, maps, plans, sections of geological content (PC-4);

the ability to carry out geological and economic assessment of study objects (PC-5);

the ability to carry out geological quality control of all types of work with geological content at different stages of studying specific objects (PC-6);

readiness to apply the rules for ensuring the safety of technological processes, as well as personnel when carrying out work in the field, at mining enterprises, fields and laboratories (PC-7);

willingness to apply the basic principles of rational use of natural resources and environmental protection (PC-8);

project activities:

ability to prepare and coordinate geological assignments for the development of design solutions (PC-9);

willingness to use knowledge of methods for designing field and office geological exploration work, performing engineering calculations to select technical means during their implementation (PC-10);

the ability to carry out technical calculations for projects, technical-economic and functional-cost analysis of project effectiveness (PC-11);

research activities:

the ability to establish relationships between facts, phenomena, events and formulate scientific problems for their generalization (PK-12);

the ability to study, critically evaluate scientific and scientific-technical information of domestic and foreign experience on the topic of geological research (PK-13);

the ability to plan and carry out analytical, simulation and experimental studies, critically evaluate research results and draw conclusions (PC-14);

the ability to carry out mathematical modeling of processes and objects based on standard computer-aided design and research packages (PC-15);

ability to prepare data for reviews, reports and scientific publications (PK-16);

organizational and managerial activities:

the ability to determine the valuation of basic production resources (PC-17);

the ability to organize the work of performers, find and make management decisions in the field of organizing and rationing work, willingness to be a leader (PC-18);

the ability to draw up technical documentation for the implementation of the technological process (work schedules, instructions, plans, estimates, requests for materials, equipment), as well as established reporting according to approved forms (PC-19);

the ability to analyze the costs and results of the activities of production units, evaluate and find the necessary resource support for professional activities (PC-20).

5.5. A graduate who has mastered the specialty program must have professionally specialized competencies corresponding to the specialization of the specialty program:

specialization N 1 "Geological survey, search and exploration of solid minerals":

the ability to predict, based on an analysis of the geological situation, the likely industrial type of mineral resource, formulate favorable criteria for its location and identify promising areas for further work (PSK-1.1);

the ability to draw up projects independently and as part of a team for geological exploration work at different stages of study and at various sites (PSK-1.2);

the ability to carry out geological mapping, prospecting, assessment and exploration work in various landscape and geographical conditions (PSK-1.3);

the ability to design the locations of mine workings, wells, and carry out their documentation (PSK-1.4);

the ability to choose types, sampling methods (ordinary, geochemical, mineralogical, technological) and methods of their analysis to study the components of the natural environment, including rocks and minerals, when addressing issues of mapping, prospecting, exploration, technology for the development and processing of mineral raw materials (PSK- 1.5);

the ability to assess predicted resources and calculate reserves of solid mineral deposits (PSK-1.6);

specialization No. 2 "Search and exploration of groundwater and engineering-geological surveys":

the ability to analyze, systematize and interpret engineering-geological and hydrogeological information (PSK-2.1);

ability to plan and organize engineering-geological and hydrogeological studies (PSK-2.2);

the ability to model exogenous geological and hydrogeological processes (PSK-2.3);

the ability to draw up programs of engineering-geological and hydrogeological research, build maps of engineering-geological and hydrogeological conditions (PSK-2.4);

the ability to assess engineering-geological and hydrogeological conditions for various types of economic activities (PSK-2.5);

the ability to carry out calculations of hydrogeological parameters and stability of structures in connection with the development of negative exogenous geological processes (PSK-2.6);

the ability to predict hydrogeological and engineering-geological processes and assess the accuracy and reliability of forecasts (PSK-2.7);

the ability to assess the accuracy and reliability of completed hydrodynamic and geotechnical forecasts (PSK-2.8);

specialization N 3 "Geology of oil and gas":

the ability to search and explore oil, gas, gas condensate deposits (PSK-3.1);

the ability to process and interpret geological sections uncovered by deep wells (PSK-3.2);

the ability to interpret hydrodynamic studies of wells and formations to assess the complex characteristics of formations and bottomhole zones of wells (PSK-3.3);

the ability to identify reservoir rocks and fluid seals in sections opened by wells, on seismic profiles, to map natural reservoirs and oil and gas traps (PSK-3.4);

the ability to assess resources and calculate reserves of oil, flammable gases, gas condensate (PSK-3.5);

the ability to carry out geological support for the development of oil and gas fields (PSK-3.6);

willingness to apply knowledge of physical and chemical mechanics to implement technological processes for collecting and preparing products from wells in oil and gas fields (PSK-3.7);

the ability to carry out environmental assessments of projects, draw up an environmental passport, assess, prevent environmental damage at production facilities and eliminate its consequences (PSK-3.8);

the ability to navigate the current state of the world economy, assess the role of oil and gas in its development (PSK-3.9);

specialization N 4 "Applied geochemistry, mineralogy, petrology":

the ability to conduct field studies of igneous and metamorphic complexes, halos of metasomatic rocks, to select material for laboratory research of rocks (PSK-4.1);

the ability to perform diagnostics of minerals, rocks and ores using modern research methods (PSK-4.2);

mastery of modern methods of processing, systematization and interpretation of petrochemical data, including using software (PSK-4.3);

the ability, based on the collected facts, to draw conclusions about the origin and conditions of formation of igneous, metamorphic and metasomatic rocks, to identify connections between these rocks and minerals (PSK-4.4);

the ability to process geochemical data with the construction of specialized maps, sections and models of litho-, hydro-, atmospheric and biogeochemical halos, and also, based on their interpretation, to identify promising areas for further work (PSK-4.5);

the ability to interpret isotope geochemistry data to establish the age of rocks, complexes, as well as to identify connections between rocks and minerals with probable sources of ore formation (PSK-4.6);

the ability to use knowledge of methods of mineralogical-geochemical and mineralogical-technological mapping in practical work (PSK-4.7).

5.6. When developing a specialty program, all general cultural, general professional, professional competencies related to those types of professional activities that the specialty program is focused on, as well as professionally specialized competencies related to the chosen specialization, are included in the set of required results for mastering the specialty program.

5.7. When developing a specialty program, the organization has the right to supplement the set of competencies of graduates, taking into account the focus of the specialty program on specific areas of knowledge and (or) type(s) of activity or specialization of the program.

5.8. When developing a specialty program, the organization sets the requirements for learning outcomes in individual disciplines (modules) and practices independently, taking into account the requirements of the relevant exemplary basic educational programs.

VI. REQUIREMENTS FOR THE STRUCTURE OF THE SPECIALTY PROGRAM

6.1.

includes a mandatory part (basic) and a part formed by participants in educational relations (variable). This provides the opportunity to implement specialty programs with different specializations within the same specialty.

6.2. The specialty program consists of the following blocks:

Block 2 “Practices, including research work (R&D)”, which fully relates to the basic part of the program.

Block 3 “State final certification”, which fully relates to the basic part of the program and ends with the assignment of qualifications specified in the list of specialties and areas of higher education training approved by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation.

Structure of the specialty program

6.3. Disciplines (modules) and practices related to the basic part of the specialty program are mandatory for the student to master, taking into account the specialization of the program that he is mastering. The set of disciplines (modules) and practices related to the basic part of the specialty program is determined by the organization independently to the extent established by this Federal State Educational Standard for Higher Education, taking into account the relevant sample(s) of the main educational program(s).

6.4. Disciplines (modules) in philosophy, history, foreign language, life safety are implemented within the framework of the basic part of Block 1 “Disciplines (modules)” of the specialty program. The volume, content and order of implementation of these disciplines (modules) are determined by the organization independently.

6.5. Disciplines (modules) in physical culture and sports are implemented within the framework of:

the basic part of Block 1 “Disciplines (modules)” of the specialty program in the amount of at least 72 academic hours (2 credits) in full-time study;

elective disciplines (modules) in the amount of at least 328 academic hours. The specified academic hours are mandatory for mastering and in z.e. are not translated.

Disciplines (modules) in physical culture and sports are implemented in the manner established by the organization. For disabled people and persons with limited health capabilities, the organization establishes a special procedure for mastering disciplines (modules) in physical education and sports, taking into account their health status.

6.6. Disciplines (modules) related to the variable part of the specialty program also determine the specialization of the specialty program. The set of disciplines (modules) related to the variable part of the specialty program is determined by the organization independently to the extent established by this Federal State Educational Standard for Higher Education. After a student selects a program specialization, a set of relevant disciplines (modules) becomes mandatory for the student to master.

6.7. Block 2 “Practices, including scientific research work (R&D)” includes educational and production, including pre-graduation, internships.

Type of educational practice:

practice to obtain primary professional skills, including primary skills and skills in research activities.

Type of internship:

practice to gain professional skills and professional experience.

Methods of conducting educational and practical training:

stationary;

away

Pre-graduation practice is carried out to complete the final qualifying work and is mandatory.

When developing specialty programs, the organization selects types of practices depending on the type(s) of activity to which the specialty and specialization program(s) are focused. The organization has the right to provide in the specialty program other types of practices in addition to those established by this Federal State Educational Standard for Higher Education.

Educational and (or) practical training can be carried out in the structural divisions of the organization.

The choice of internship sites for persons with disabilities is made taking into account the health status of students and accessibility requirements.

6.8. Block 3 “State Final Certification” includes the defense of the final qualifying work, including preparation for the defense procedure and the defense procedure, as well as preparation for and passing the state exam (if the organization included the state exam as part of the state final certification).

6.9. When developing a specialty program, students are provided with the opportunity to master elective disciplines (modules), including special conditions for people with disabilities and people with limited health capabilities, in the amount of at least 30 percent of the variable part of Block 1 “Disciplines (modules).”

6.10. The number of hours allocated for lecture-type classes as a whole for Block 1 “Disciplines (modules)” should be no more than 50 percent of the total number of classroom hours allocated for the implementation of this Block.

VII. REQUIREMENTS FOR IMPLEMENTATION CONDITIONS

SPECIALTY PROGRAMS

7.1. System-wide requirements for the implementation of the specialty program.

7.1.1. The organization must have a material and technical base that complies with current fire safety rules and regulations and ensures the conduct of all types of disciplinary and interdisciplinary training, practical and research work of students provided for by the curriculum.

7.1.2. Each student during the entire period of study must be provided with individual unlimited access to one or more electronic library systems (electronic libraries) and to the organization’s electronic information and educational environment. The electronic library system (electronic library) and the electronic information and educational environment must provide the opportunity for student access from any point where there is access to the information and telecommunications network "Internet" (hereinafter referred to as the "Internet"), both on the territory of the organization and and beyond.

The electronic information and educational environment of the organization must provide:

access to curricula, work programs of disciplines (modules), practices, publications of electronic library systems and electronic educational resources specified in the work programs;

recording the progress of the educational process, the results of intermediate certification and the results of mastering the main educational program;

conducting all types of classes, procedures for assessing learning outcomes, the implementation of which is provided for using e-learning and distance learning technologies;

formation of a student’s electronic portfolio, including the preservation of the student’s work, reviews and evaluations of these works by any participants in the educational process;

interaction between participants in the educational process, including synchronous and (or) asynchronous interaction via the Internet.

The functioning of the electronic information and educational environment is ensured by the appropriate means of information and communication technologies and the qualifications of the workers who use and support it. The functioning of the electronic information and educational environment must comply with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

7.1.3. In the case of implementing a specialty program in a network form, the requirements for the implementation of the specialty program must be provided by a set of resources of material, technical, educational and methodological support provided by organizations participating in the implementation of the specialty program in a network form.

7.1.4. In the case of the implementation of a specialty program in departments established in accordance with the established procedure in other organizations or other structural divisions of the organization, the requirements for the implementation of the specialty program must be ensured by the totality of the resources of these organizations.

7.1.5. The qualifications of management and scientific and pedagogical employees of the organization must correspond to the qualification characteristics established in the Unified Qualification Directory of Positions of Managers, Specialists and Employees, section "Qualification Characteristics of Positions of Managers and Specialists of Higher Professional and Additional Professional Education", approved by order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation dated January 11, 2011 N 1n (registered by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on March 23, 2011, registration N 20237), and professional standards (if any).

7.1.6. The share of full-time scientific and pedagogical workers (in rates reduced to integer values) must be at least 50 percent of the total number of scientific and pedagogical workers of the organization.

7.2. Requirements for personnel conditions for the implementation of the specialty program.

7.2.1. The implementation of the specialty program is ensured by the management, scientific and pedagogical employees of the organization, as well as persons involved in the implementation of the specialty program under the terms of a civil contract.

7.2.2. The share of scientific and pedagogical workers (in terms of rates reduced to integer values) with an education corresponding to the profile of the taught discipline (module) in the total number of scientific and pedagogical workers implementing the specialty program must be at least 70 percent.

7.2.3. The share of scientific and pedagogical workers (in terms of rates converted to integer values) who have an academic degree (including an academic degree awarded abroad and recognized in the Russian Federation) and (or) an academic title (including an academic title received abroad and recognized in the Russian Federation), the total number of scientific and pedagogical workers implementing the specialty program must be at least 60 percent.

7.2.4. The share of employees (in terms of rates reduced to integer values) from among the managers and employees of organizations whose activities are related to the focus (profile) of the specialty program being implemented (with at least 3 years of work experience in this professional field) in the total number of employees implementing the specialty program, must be at least 5 percent.

7.2.5. Up to 10 percent of the total number of teachers with an academic degree and (or) academic title can be replaced by teachers who have practical experience in this area as managers or leading specialists for more than the last 10 years.

7.3. Requirements for material, technical, educational and methodological support of the specialty program.

7.3.1. Special premises should be classrooms for conducting lecture-type classes, seminar-type classes, course design (completing coursework), group and individual consultations, ongoing monitoring and intermediate certification, as well as rooms for independent work and rooms for storage and preventive maintenance of educational equipment. Special premises should be equipped with specialized furniture and technical teaching aids used to present educational information to a large audience.

To conduct lecture-type classes, sets of demonstration equipment and educational visual aids are offered, providing thematic illustrations corresponding to the sample programs of disciplines (modules), working curriculum of disciplines (modules).

The list of logistics necessary for the implementation of the specialty program includes laboratories equipped with laboratory equipment, depending on the degree of its complexity. Specific requirements for material, technical, educational and methodological support are determined in the approximate basic educational programs.

Premises for independent work of students must be equipped with computer equipment with the ability to connect to the Internet and provide access to the electronic information and educational environment of the organization.

In the case of using e-learning and distance learning technologies, it is possible to replace specially equipped premises with their virtual counterparts, allowing students to master the skills required by their professional activities.

If the organization does not use an electronic library system (electronic library), the library fund must be equipped with printed publications at the rate of at least 50 copies of each edition of the basic literature listed in the work programs of disciplines (modules), practices and at least 25 copies of additional literature per 100 students.

7.3.2. The organization must be provided with the necessary set of licensed software (the content is determined in the work programs of disciplines (modules) and is subject to annual updating).

7.3.3. Electronic library systems (electronic library) and electronic information and educational environment must provide simultaneous access to at least 25 percent of students in the specialty program.

7.3.4. Students must be provided with access (remote access), including in the case of the use of e-learning, distance educational technologies, to modern professional databases and information reference systems, the composition of which is determined in the work programs of disciplines (modules) and is subject to annual updating.

7.3.5. Students with disabilities should be provided with printed and (or) electronic educational resources in forms adapted to their health limitations.

7.4. Requirements for the financial conditions for the implementation of the specialty program.

7.4.1. Financial support for the implementation of the specialty program must be carried out in an amount not lower than the basic standard costs established by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation for the provision of public services in the field of education for a given level of education and area of ​​training, taking into account correction factors that take into account the specifics of educational programs in accordance with the Methodology for determining standard costs for the provision of public services for the implementation of educational programs of higher education in specialties (areas of training) and enlarged groups of specialties (areas of training), approved by order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation of October 30, 2015 N 1272 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on November 30 2015, registration N 39898).