Donor Personnel Recruitment Department. Personnel donors – both a good lunch and money. What documents need to be filled out?

Any capable citizen over the age of 18, weighing at least 50 kg, who has undergone a medical examination and has been registered in the Russian Federation for at least a year, can become a donor. To give blood, you only need a passport.

What documents need to be completed?

Before donating blood, the future donor fills out questionnaires at the Blood Transfusion Station, where he must conscientiously answer all questions regarding his well-being and past illnesses. Both his health and the health of the recipient - the person to whom his blood will be transfused - depend on the sincerity of the donor. Be careful when filling out donor documents! Moreover, according to the Law of the Russian Federation “On the Donation of Blood and Its Components”, “A citizen who deliberately concealed or distorted information about the state of his health bears criminal liability established by the legislation of the Russian Federation if such actions have resulted or could have resulted in a significant disorder in the health of the recipients.”

How much blood is drawn during a blood donation?

Primary and regular donors give 350 - 450 ml of blood - depending on their state of health and indications, according to a medical examination and laboratory testing. Depending on the frequency of donating blood and its components, the following categories of donors are defined: - active (cadre) donors who have 3 or more donations per year and - reserve donors who have less than 3 donations per year. Is it possible for the donor to become infected? Infection of the donor is excluded. Each donor has his own individual disposable blood collection system.

Is donating blood painful?

The sensations of blood donation, like any other, are very individual. And they depend directly on how sensitive and emotionally receptive you are. Most people, including donors, claim that taking blood from a vein is less painful than from a finger. Some people experience slight dizziness during blood donation. Malaise may be caused by a decrease in blood circulation. Along with the blood, a certain amount of red blood cells - carriers of hemoglobin - leaves, which causes a decrease in pressure. The normal body of a healthy person can easily cope with this. Many donors do not detect any changes in their health. Some people, after donating blood, experience a “burst of vivacity”, a readiness and desire to “do a great job.” However, doctors advise to refrain from exertion on this day and take advantage of a well-deserved day off. But almost every donor feels a lot of positive emotions from the knowledge that he made a decision, did a good deed, and helped save someone’s life.

Why do you need to donate blood in the morning?

This rule is observed solely in the interests of the donor. Doctors have found that the body responds best to blood loss in the morning. And the sooner you give blood, the easier your body tolerates this procedure. After 12.00, only experienced donors are recommended to donate blood. You should not drink alcohol within 48 hours before donating, you need to get a good night's sleep, and on the day of donation, have a light breakfast. It is recommended to refrain from smoking one hour before and after the procedure.

What can and cannot be done after giving blood?

Immediately after giving blood, you need to rest (sit, or better yet, lie down) for 10-15 minutes. If you feel dizzy or weak, contact the staff. You should not remove the bandage for 3-4 hours after blood donation. You can shower or bath the next day. It is better not to undergo intense physical activity for two days. It is important to drink plenty of fluids and eat regularly. Vaccinations after donating blood are permitted no earlier than 10 days later. There are no restrictions on driving a car on the day of donation.

When will the blood be fully restored after blood donation?

Complete restoration of blood composition occurs within 30-40 days. The rate of recovery of different blood components is different. Red blood cells are restored in the donor's body within 4-6 weeks, and leukocytes and platelets - by the end of the first week. Plasma is restored within 1-2 days. To restore your blood composition faster, it is recommended to drink a lot of fluids - juices, tea. Proper nutrition is necessary: the donor’s diet should always contain protein, which determines the level of hemoglobin in the blood.

Is donation safe for my health?

Yes, for any healthy adult, the process of donating blood is absolutely safe and does not harm the body. According to a study by Finnish scientists, men who donate blood are ten times less susceptible to myocardial infarction; data from American researchers confirm that male donors suffer 30% fewer heart attacks.

Why do you need to donate blood again within a year?

For security. Donor blood is subject to quarantine. 6 months after donating, the donor undergoes a repeat blood test so that, based on the test results, the blood donated by the donor can be transferred to hospitals in the city and save a human life.

Are safety rules observed at outdoor events?

Yes, they are fully complied with. Qualified doctors strictly monitor the implementation of all medical norms and regulations, and also monitor the safety of donors. All premises where the outreach event takes place are personally inspected and approved by the doctor of the Blood Transfusion Station. Sanitation must be carried out the day before. Donors, as well as event organizers and journalists, enter the donor hall only wearing shoe covers.

How often can you donate blood?

Men can donate blood no more than 5 times a year, women - no more than 4 times a year. After blood donation, blood can be given again only after 60 days, plasma - after 30 days. After five regular blood donations, it is recommended to take a break of at least 3 months. After giving plasma, at least 14 days must pass before the donor can give plasma or blood again.

How to prepare for giving blood?

The day before and on the day of giving blood, it is not recommended to eat fatty, fried, spicy and smoked foods, as well as dairy products, eggs and butter. There is no need to give blood on an empty stomach, it is better to drink sweet tea, fruit drinks, compotes, mineral water and eat bread, crackers, dried cereals, boiled cereals, pasta in water without oil, vegetables and fruits. 48 hours before the visit to the transfusion station, you should not drink alcohol, and 72 hours in advance - take medications containing aspirin and analgesics.

In the morning you need to have a light breakfast, and immediately before the procedure the donor is offered sweet tea. You should also refrain from smoking an hour before donating blood. You should not give blood after a night shift or just a sleepless night. Do not plan to donate blood immediately before exams, competitions, or during a particularly intense period of work.

If you haven't found the answer to your question, then ask us! Specialists of the Donor Fund are ready to answer all questions of those wishing to donate blood: by email or This email address is being protected from spambots. You must have JavaScript enabled to view it., and also through the page

In the section Other about health and beauty, the question of who is a personnel donor is answered. asked by the author Anton shalya the best answer is a person who donates blood (or its components) regularly.

According to the information in Section I “Procedure for medical examination of a blood donor and its components”*, depending on the frequency of donation of blood and its components, donors are divided into the following categories: active (cadre) donors who have 3 or more blood (plasma, cyto-) dachas per year, and reserve donors with less than 3 blood (plasma, cyto-) dachas per year.

Personnel donation. What does it mean?

Today Russia celebrates National Donor Day. The date was not chosen by chance: on April 20, 1832, the young St. Petersburg obstetrician A.M. Wolf for the first time successfully performed a blood transfusion on a woman in labor.

Every year in Russia more than one and a half million people need blood transfusions. Meanwhile, during the period from 1998 to 2008, the number of donors in our country decreased from 4 to 1.8 million people. On average in Russia there are only 12 donors per 1000 people. At the same time, for the normal functioning of the healthcare system, it is necessary that there be at least 25 donors per 1 thousand population. Therefore, since 2008, the country has been implementing the Program for the Development of Voluntary Blood Donation, designed for the period until 2012. The program, for the implementation of which more than 16 billion rubles are allocated from the federal budget alone, involves 82 constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

According to the chief physician of the Republican Blood Transfusion Station, Vera Kochetkova, in 2011, people became blood donors in Yakutsk. Today, the first priority for transfusiologists of the republic is the development of a system of mass free donation of blood and its components.

The fact is that scientists are already calling the division of blood into four main groups arbitrary: to date, 37 blood phenotypes have been identified. The more donors there are in the database, the greater the chance that during a transfusion you will receive the blood that best suits you. “This issue is very relevant: it is important not only to increase the volume of blood collected, but to place emphasis on the development of personnel donation. These are people who regularly donate blood and, realizing the responsibility entrusted to them, undergo all the necessary examinations in a timely manner,” Vera Petrovna emphasized. “It should be noted that over the past 5 years in the republic the number of gratuitous donors has doubled.”

Currently, according to statistics, almost all personnel donors are doctors and teachers. Thus, 22 employees of the Blood Transfusion Station (which is more than half of the total number of employees) are honorary donors of Russia. In emergency situations, when blood is needed urgently, they are the first to come to the rescue.

Yakutia is the leader in the number of blood transfusion stations in Russia. In addition, in the capital of the republic, the donor activity rate is 23 donors per thousand population. In 2009, under the Voluntary Blood Donation Development Program, the Yakut blood service received more than 40 pieces of equipment, and in 2011, refrigeration and freezing equipment, which was sent to 30 districts of Yakutia.

Now doctors in the uluses of the republic have the opportunity to increase their supplies of blood and frozen plasma. In addition, in 2008, Yakut transfusiologists received at their disposal a mobile medical complex “Donor” based on a PAZ bus. Now you can collect donor blood at any time of the year and in any conditions. The bus is additionally insulated, equipped with a generator and a freezer. With its help, doctors go to organizations whose employees regularly take part in the donor movement: Yakut Basic Medical College, Yakut City Dairy Plant, Republican Hospital No. 2, military unit, Baikal State University of Economics and Law, Zhatai Shipyard and others.

“Every year we take an active part in the All-Russian blood service events, - says V.P. Kochetkova. – We also have our own traditions. Thus, in 2012, the “Give Life to Children” campaign will be held for the fifth time. This is a targeted event aimed at collecting blood for children suffering from leukemia, hemophilia, severe anemia and other hematological diseases, as well as young patients in the burn department who are in dire need of donor blood transfusions.”

In June 2012, the Republican Blood Transfusion Station will celebrate its half-century anniversary.

You can get advice on donating blood and its components 24 hours a day by calling the Blood Service Hotline (the call is free in Russia).

City blood transfusion station of St. Petersburg

St. Petersburg State Healthcare Institution "City Blood Transfusion Station" (St. Petersburg State Public Health Institution "GSPC")

Who is a personnel donor?

A regular donor is a person who donates blood or its components more than 3 times a year and constantly in one Blood Service institution. In addition, a regular donor undergoes a medical examination twice a year and provides certificates of health to the blood transfusion station. The contact information of the staff donor is available to the staff of the institution to which he is attached, and they can invite him to donate blood at any time if they need his blood components. The question of whether you are ready to become a staff donor at a particular Blood Service institution is asked by the station doctor. Your consent means your willingness to donate blood for this institution at any time. Personnel donation is convenient for blood transfusion stations and departments, since personnel donors are reliable, responsible people who take care of their health and are motivated to donate blood.

Personnel donors of both sexes represent:

every six months, a medical certificate from an outpatient clinic at the place of residence or place of attachment (illnesses suffered over the past six months, sick leave, and the presence of disability are indicated);
for each blood donation - a certificate from an infectious disease specialist (indicates the absence of contact with any infectious diseases, including hepatitis A, B and C);
once a year data:
- urine analysis,
- fluoroscopic (or fluorographic) examination of the chest organs,
- electrocardiography (ECG).

Female professional donors annually submit a certificate of gynecological status on the day the certificate is issued (past diseases, surgical interventions, childbirth, absence of pregnancy).

How I became a personnel donor

I confess that before I had no desire to join the ranks of active donors, although I had the opportunity to donate blood several times... It seemed that there were quite enough people willing without me: you won’t believe it, but I still saw those days when the blood transfusion station was about to open at the door There were really long queues.

But times have changed, people who traditionally “supply” their blood to healthcare slowly began to disappear from the arena... And the situation with the supply of blood components to hospitals became what it is now - nowhere worse...

In a word, I decided to join the fading donor movement, reasoning something like this: it won’t cost me anything, but it will definitely benefit some of my fellow citizens...

Some time ago, having once again come across a corresponding request on one of the local forums, I finally went and donated blood at the “main” blood service institution of the city, at the regional transfusion station. This was my first visit to KSPK - before that I had only “give up” in other places.

Since I came to donate blood for a specific patient, I was accepted without any paperwork, requiring only a passport with local registration. The same thing happened twice more, although I gave the test “just like that,” not for a specific patient. However, I will make a reservation that when I appeared at the KSPK for the third time in a row, the receptionist warned me that at the next, fourth blood donation, I would exceed the “limit” within which the donor is considered a “reserve donor” and would move into the category of “active” (“personnel”), therefore, in accordance with Order 364 of the Ministry of Health, I will need to bring with me a bunch of “certificates”... And they even gave me the appropriate directions. At the same time, they especially emphasized that we must try to ensure that the papers from the therapist and infectious disease specialist are issued no later than two days before the visit. And the transfusiologist emphasized that even if I suddenly come again, like the first time, to donate blood for someone specifically, they still won’t be able to accept me without certificates.

Like this: a person comes to donate for a relative there or for a friend, or according to an advertisement, like I did on my first visit to the station (the listed “contingent” is today the majority of “suppliers” of whole blood) - and he has no If there are any unnecessary questions, blood will be drawn on the day of treatment. Please note, it is not at all a fact that the components of the blood of this “man on the street” will not be rejected after the fact, when the blood has already been collected, revealing markers of infections or biochemical changes, the existence of which the donor, who, perhaps, has not communicated with doctors for years, even has no idea didn't have. It is not a fact that such a donor has prepared properly in terms of diet - he may be donating for the first time in his life and does not know many of the features of this matter. And also, please note, it is not at all a fact that this person will then stop by the station at least once more to have his blood tested again, and the plasma that has been in quarantine for six months could be given to a medical institution. Many people never come, as far as I know... But we accept such “one-time” donors without any problems. But if a person decides to actively donate blood (and is already donating, mind you) and make a feasible contribution to the extinction of the above-mentioned ridiculous system of “targeted” (“related”) blood donations, then don’t hesitate to drag a bunch of papers with you...

However, in the end the doctor somewhat softened her request: if I can’t collect all the necessary “documents”, let me have at least some of them to begin with, the rest can be “completed” for the next visit...

I won’t say that the prospect of spending time running around clinics brought me indescribable delight, but what can I do...

In principle, the minimum break before blood donation is only two months, but for me the “next time” came about six months later: it’s still a tedious task - collecting idiotic pieces of paper, and the desire to share blood with the “suffering” cools down considerably.

However, the idea that the “suffering” (in general, without any quotes) is not at all to blame for the fact that there are people in the Ministry of Health issuing ridiculous orders, in the end gave me strength... I’ll make a reservation, the absurdity of these demands is obvious not only for me, an uncouth layman (let me clarify: not so uncouth - despite the fact that I am now working in a completely different field, somewhere at home I have a diploma of graduation from the medical academy lying around), but also for fairly authoritative specialists, for example, for the chairman Council of the Russian Association of Transfusiologists, Professor Evgeniy Borisovich Zhiburt - here is one of his statements on the subject: “Active donors of blood or its components must submit 11 different certificates per year (women - 12)! It is not surprising that in the world there are 10% of primary donors, and here we have more than 30%. It’s a paradox, but it is from the more dangerous primary donor that no certificates are required. You won’t find a “certificate of gynecological status on the day the certificate was issued” even from M. Zhvanetsky. In our G8 partner countries, donors are never required to provide any certificates. Qualified specialists are waiting for him at the donor point. We are grateful to him for the visit. You should like the donor center and want to return to it. The donor will quickly undergo a comprehensive examination. And it is not at all necessary, by the way, that this will be a medical examination. In Russia, a certified doctor works with the donor. The USA and some other countries cannot afford such luxury. And we consider it necessary to supplement the doctor with certificates. And then we are surprised at the reduction in the number of donors.”

So. If the doctor allows you to donate, we will now take your blood, but we will not be able to give you erythromass to the hospital until Gubakha (one of our regional centers, the guy is registered there) receives confirmation that you are not registered with venereologists, infectious disease specialists and phthisiatricians. And you don’t have a passport at all, you’re free...

In general, this is a completely ordinary story: of those who come to take the exam “for their own people,” doctors are almost always forced to weed out almost half of them on the spot. Someone, for example, only at the station is surprised to learn that his hemoglobin is low (a similar problem is more common among women). Well, women in our country “love” to live with iron deficiency; wild people, God forgive me... There are many other reasons for medical withdrawals; for example, that little girl over there doesn’t weigh up to 50 kg, this guy has glasses with thick lenses (minus 6.5 diopters), etc...

The next person to fill out the paperwork is a young man - he came to donate blood for his wife. But today there are no people who came to hand over “just because”, not for anyone in particular, except me.

Finally, it’s my turn (actually, what a queue it is - at most five minutes of waiting).

The lady at the reception desk looks at the pile of papers I held out to her (certificates from a therapist, from an infectious disease specialist, from a narcological clinic, as well as an electrocardiogram, a note about fluorography and, excuse me, the result of a general urine test) and with a half-questioning intonation she affably says:

Do you want to donate blood for money...

No, I answer, why for money? Free of charge.

The receptionist gives me a meaningful look and throws up her hands...

What are you talking about? You've collected all the information! At least give it up today for money... What, eight hundred rubles extra, or what?

Having received a negative response to her exhortations, she concludes:

This is the first time I've seen this...

After thinking a little, he clarifies:

Although, no, I’m lying: in the second...

Well, okay, if you don’t want it for money, whatever you want. You just needed the certificates because this is the fourth time in a row you’ve taken our exam, so you could use it; and next time, if you take it for free again, the certificates will no longer be needed.

As it turned out later, about the next time the aunt was not entirely right - I will explain further.

Upon completion of the formalities, instead of giving me my card in my hands, the receptionist herself accompanies me to the laboratory (the office opposite) and at the same time teases: “No, you do what you want, and today I will do a good deed: today you will still turn it in for money " In the laboratory there is a continuation of the Marlezon ballet: “Girls, look, the man has collected all the certificates and does not want to take the money.” Two more pairs of eyes look at me like I’m an idiot... Finally, one of the laboratory assistants, the smarter and younger one, says in a shrill voice: “What’s going on! Well, if you don’t need this money, then GIVE IT TO ME. “To be honest, I didn’t immediately find what to answer. The registrar relieves the situation:

Okay, okay, I'm kidding. That’s it, I’ve already made a note – gratuitous blood donation.

I donate blood from my finger to test for hemoglobin, I take two blood test tubes signed with my name (if they are allowed to donate blood, then they will collect some venous blood for testing). I find out that my hemoglobin is 155 g/l; To be honest, I thought that after the recent three-week wandering around the Caucasus with climbing to the top of Elbrus, hemoglobin against the background of high-altitude acclimatization (after all, 5642 meters above sea level) would generally trample beyond normal limits... Well, okay, it’s easier for ours - I don’t care it is necessary, from this, you know, the rheological properties deteriorate...

The Marlezon ballet continues:

Free of charge? Why don’t you want to sell it for money? All the information has been collected...

You see, doctor, if, God forbid, my more financially successful friends find out about this, they... will laugh at me...

Well, I don’t know, I personally feel somehow uncomfortable “trading” my blood...

The argument is accepted. A quick examination, a note on the card, a referral for blood donation.

That's it, you can go. Keep in mind that now you will have to bring a certificate from an infectious disease specialist every time, and from a therapist every other time. Also, please bring a photo...

Well, the lady from the reception just promised that it will be possible to “get through” for free, even without certificates... Okay, we’ll get through somehow...

I'm going to the operating room. On the way, I meet a young guy who was standing in front of me at the register - he had already “gave up.” In a hall with three chairs - not a single (!) donor. I sit down in a chair, hand over my passport, again give my name and blood type. The nurses apply a tourniquet to the arm, treat the forearm below the elbow with alcohol, and unpack the blood collection system. So, now it’s better to turn away - the needle is very impressive in size. However, it must be noted that the procedure is actually practically painless. A few moments - “there is contact”, the needle is already in the vein, now you can work with your fist... The hemakon lies in the tray of a special device (hemomixer): the tray swings to evenly fill the plastic container with blood, and the device also has a built-in scale that determines how many grams of blood is already accumulated, and a timer counting down the time from the beginning of the manipulation.

The sisters are talking to each other, looking at my map:

No, it's free.

Well, yes, gratuitous, but still staff.

Well, wow... Is this really such a rarity - a career gratuitous donor, which causes bewilderment among SEC employees? “The star is in shock”... I know that the city is not doing very well with repeat donors, which is why, in fact, I decided to donate blood regularly, but I didn’t think that everything was so neglected... However, given the current information insanity, it’s no wonder: Where do people have the time to collect so many certificates? It’s also good that I’m not a woman - they are also supposed to bring a piece of paper from the gynecologist (no, I, as a certified “doctor”, of course, am not against regular visits to the gynecologist, it’s just that these visits should not be for the sake of certificates, but for the sake of a preventive examination as such)…

About 5 minutes pass and a beep sounds: the hemacon is full. It is disconnected - all that remains is to “strain” more venous blood into test tubes for testing for markers of infections and “biochemistry”, remove the needle and apply a pressure bandage...

Do not remove the bandage for two hours. Goodbye, come see us again, sounds the standard farewell.

Just in case, I take a certificate from the registry office: I don’t particularly count on the days off required by law - I also have previous certificates lying unused, but if something happens, maybe someday for a day or two I’ll ask the employer off, again, it’s easier to poke one of these certificates in my nose, rather than remembering exactly when I went on business trips on weekends or went to work after hours; besides, if they suddenly ask why I was late for work today by a full hour and a half, there will be a guaranteed excuse. At the same time, I “complain” about the doctor, saying that certificates will now have to be brought every time.

Come on, I’ll let you through anyway, you’re renting for free,” the registrar promises me.

Hmm... I don’t know, I don’t know... Although all this fuss with paperwork is annoying, in order not to set anyone up, apparently, you will still have to fill out all these certificates...

Downstairs I receive 350 rubles at the cash register “for enhanced nutrition” (they are given to everyone, including those who donate for free) - as one bearded MTS commercial said, “ten bucks is not extra.”

That's all for today. The total time spent is no more than an hour.

By the way, MUCH more time and effort was spent on collecting “certificates” - thanks to the “organizers” of healthcare, their mother... However, this is a separate story... It seems to me that the hidden meaning of the statement of the current Minister of Health like “Donation is a quiet feat." On the one hand, we are fully using half a billion euros to promote donation and improve the work of the blood service, we are launching large-scale social advertising, and on the other hand, Madame Golikova’s department, as if nothing had happened, continues to do everything in its power to transform what is quite ordinary in its essence it’s almost a matter of “civil feat” that requires incredible effort. To use the language of one popular politician, repeat donors are simply a nightmare. By the way, at our station and not repeated ones, if a person suddenly wants to take a test for free not for someone in particular, but “just like that” (and that’s exactly how it should be), we also have nightmares: without a certificate from a therapist, you can’t will be accepted (this is already some kind of “executive excess” - according to Order 364, it’s not supposed to be a nightmare for everyone, but only for personnel). It looks like they really named the wrong country Honduras...

Anyway, I hope my blood will help someone. Next time, God willing, I’ll be back here in another couple of months...

Personnel donation is a priority for the Blood Service of St. Petersburg

The total number of donors in St. Petersburg is decreasing every year. The number of primary donors decreased by 5.3% compared to 2015. However, the ranks of personnel donors increased by 8%. In 2017, this figure is planned to increase to 10%.

This approach ensures not only more stable operation of the blood service, but also significant savings. After all, it is natural that a personnel donor costs the budget less than a primary donor. According to Stanislav Davydov, a specialist in promoting blood donation at the St. Petersburg City Blood Transfusion Station, the cost of a donor is on average about rubles. The number of career donors who donated blood more than 3 times a year amounted to 6,000 people in 2016. At the same time, only 75% of donors after the first blood donation come for a second donation after the required 180 days. But this, according to Stanislav Davydov’s estimates, is a fairly decent indicator compared to the all-Russian figure.

The plasma of the remaining 25% of donors who do not come again is used for the production of medicines, gamma globulins, albumin, etc. are obtained from it. The St. Petersburg blood transfusion station works with manufacturers from Ufa, Samara, Moscow, Kirov, and Ivanovo.

In total, in 2016, the St. Petersburg station collected tons of blood. At the same time, the rejection rate was only 4-5%.

Phoenix from the Ashes

According to station employees, such indicators are the result of systematic, painstaking work over the course of 65 years. As a result, the St. Petersburg Blood Service feels confident and plans to develop. Although it was not always so successful, of course.

The first blood transfusion was performed in 1919 in Petrograd by Russian surgeon Academician Vladimir Shamov. In 1931, the first blood transfusion station was opened in Leningrad, which was later reorganized into an institute. The basic city blood transfusion station No. 1 was organized on the territory of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra in 1952. This is where she gets her story from.

The Institute of Blood Transfusion has accumulated extensive experience during the Finnish campaign and the Great Patriotic War. But as the need for blood components increased, so did the workload. Now in the institution, in addition to the structures directly involved in the procurement of blood and its components, there are clinical departments that perform a completely different task. Therefore, the city station was opened.

“All processes were done manually. The blood was collected into ampoules. Then into bottles. The danger of bacterial contamination was very high. This required extremely high responsibility and excellent knowledge of theory,” says Nadezhda Tsybulskaya, deputy chief physician for the medical department of the St. Petersburg City Blood Transfusion Station. In the 1960s, containers appeared. Now the St. Petersburg city blood transfusion station works with imported medical products

Employees call the 1990s the most difficult period in history. The blood service began to operate under a new economic mechanism. Donor motivation has decreased.

“By 1995, donation rates had dropped by 4 times,” recalls Nadezhda Tsybulskaya.

But immediately after the failure came a revival. In 1993, the Federal Law “On the Donation of Blood and Its Components” was passed. At the same time, several legislative acts relating to the work of the blood service are being adopted by St. Petersburg. And this attention from the state, of course, had a positive impact on the state of the blood service.

There is no limit to perfection

Today the staff of the St. Petersburg station is 235 people. Many employees are honorary donors to Russia. The average age is 50 years. The average length of service at the station is years. These are people who truly live their business. Therefore, when in 2007 the station moved from the monastery to the building of the former hospital named after. I.G. Konyashina, work was not stopped for a minute.

The equipment purchased for the station in 2007 has not yet expired and is in good working order. But transfusiologists regularly receive updates on the FMBA and blood donation development programs. So, in 2011, they received machines for cytopheresis, plasmapheresis, for long-term storage of blood components, refrigerators, and a chamber for storing quarantined plasma. Currently in St. Petersburg there is a program “Development of Healthcare for Years”, the budget of which includes funds for the purchase of equipment for blood transfusion departments and for the station.

Donation in Russia: realities and prospects

185 years ago, a Russian obstetrician was the first in the world to perform a successful blood transfusion. We found out from experts whether 1.5 million donors is a lot for Russia, and why donating blood once is almost useless?

Expert: Marina Frantseva - deputy director of the Donors Fund charity organization.

*Technical transcript of the broadcast

Valentina Ivakina: Hello, dear radio listeners! This is the “Zoom” program on SOL radio. Valentin Ivakin is at the microphone. Today the topic of our broadcast is “Donation in Russia: realities and prospects.” Today, April 20, is National Donor Day in Russia. This is due to the fact that on April 20, 1832, a young St. Petersburg obstetrician, Andrei Martynovich Wolf, for the first time successfully performed a blood transfusion on a woman in labor with obstetric hemorrhage.

Today we will discuss what events are taking place in different cities of the country, and how those people who promote donation spend their everyday lives. Marina Frantseva, deputy director of the Donors Fund charity organization, will be in touch with us. Marina Olegovna, hello!

Marina Frantseva: Hello!

V.I.: Your organization has existed for several years. It was created in St. Petersburg. You have grown in recent years. Regional branches exist in Moscow, Vladimir and a number of other cities. What kind of work are you doing in general and especially today? Do I understand correctly that special emphasis is placed on April 20?

M.F.: Today is National Blood Donor Day. This is a big all-Russian holiday, which the blood service treats with special trepidation. Moreover, today is the anniversary date, 185 years of development of the donor movement in Russia. Therefore, some events are held in every city, people try to somehow recognize those donors who come to transfusion points. If there is no big event, then at least small souvenirs were given to donors at the transfusion points. In Moscow and St. Petersburg this is celebrated on a grand scale. In Moscow at several points, in St. Petersburg at 15-16 points. As for the participants, it is worth noting that young people everywhere are increasingly paying attention to donation.

V.I.: So we can say that donors are getting younger? Previously, there was a stereotype that older people donate blood.

M.F.: Indeed. In St. Petersburg, over the past few years, statistics have shifted towards from 18 to 30 years. That is, the average age of a donor is 30−32 years. This is such a young age for a donor. And in other cities, the blood service notes that the age of donors is getting younger. At the same time, not only the overall donor composition is getting younger, the composition of the donor reserve is getting younger, that is, those donors who regularly come to transfusion points. This suggests that young people not only want to help, but do so regularly and consciously.

V.I.: Marina Olegovna, if you don’t mind, I’ll give you some numbers. RIA Novosti writes that “As of 2016, there are 112 blood transfusion stations, blood centers, and 294 blood transfusion departments in healthcare institutions in Russia. The volume of blood collection is about 1.8 thousand tons of whole blood per year. In total there are 1.5 million donors in the country.” Is one and a half million a lot or a little?

M.F.: By Western standards, in Western countries, in the USA, in Canada, they adhere to this figure - from 40 to 60 donors per 1000 population. This is quite a large number. In principle, our medical staff and blood service workers note that the numbers we have, 15-20 donors per 1000 population, are enough for our country. And the figure cited by RIA Novosti is acceptable for the stable operation of the blood service. In general, the situation in Russia is stable. There are some sags somewhere in the regions, but they are most often either seasonal or episodic due to some major events or disasters.

V.I.: Tell me, why donate blood? The majority have some general ideas, but many don’t have specifics in their heads. You came and donated blood. What's next?

M.F.: Donated blood is the only possible option for the treatment of a number of diseases. There are no artificial blood substitutes yet that could be widely used. The research that is being carried out has not yet yielded serious results. Therefore, donor blood is so far the only medical component that helps in the treatment of operations or injuries with blood loss, obstetric, gynecological problems, and difficult childbirth with blood loss. Oncological diseases are a huge cost item for donor blood. For chemotherapy, for radiation therapy, especially for genetic diseases, this simply huge amount of donor blood is wasted during treatment. People actually change the donor package one after another. If a person donates blood, he helps almost immediately. If a person is a regular donor, then his blood is immediately sent to a medical institution for treatment.

If a person comes for the first time, he does not know what will happen to him later. They don’t know him at the blood station yet, he’s a new person. It seems to be suitable for both age and weight. They accept him, but still check him. When he donates his 450 milliliters, he is entered into the database, but the plasma is sent for testing. He donated, and the blood is immediately separated into components and plasma in a centrifuge. The plasma is frozen for quarantine. In order for the person to return in six months and doctors conduct a comparative analysis for all kinds of infections that have a long incubation period. The donor must return. This check is done every six months.

V.I.: So you won’t be able to come and do a good deed once?

M.F.: There is no one-time assistance. Help should be regular. If the components that are separated from the first dose, platelets, leukocytes, are transfused to one or two people, then the plasma is left. It is transfused after a comparative analysis. One person can help two or three patients at once. But for the first time you will be able to help one or two. If the person has not returned after six months, the plasma is destroyed. That is, it turns out to be wasted time and money. Therefore, we encourage all donors not just to come and donate once, but to come back.

V.I.: We are gradually moving on to the rules on how to donate blood correctly. A person must be healthy, and you can’t get rid of it overnight. If you decide to donate blood, you need to do this on an ongoing basis. What are the rules?

M.F.: Visit the transfusion point at least once every six months. Preferably the same one. They will know you there, know your blood type. If any urgent components or blood are needed, they will call you. This is usually what happens. Especially if these are some rare groups. Rh negatives are most often required. You can switch from donating whole blood to donating plasma, platelets, red blood cells, and components. This also allows you to help a lot of people. A person who donates blood regularly is not only confident in his health, he monitors it. A good way to monitor your health. In fact, you can undergo examinations every six months for free and know that everything is fine with you and you are not sick with anything.

V.I.: That is, the other side of the coin is only good. You said that the person who donated blood for the first time, his plasma lies frozen, and if he does not appear again, then it is destroyed. At the same time, doctors say that the main value is plasma.

M.F.: Yes. It is used during operations. In case of emergency, oncological diseases. There is a separate procedure when a donor donates only plasma; as a rule, regular donors do this. It is prepared separately. The fact that plasma is frozen for six months does not incur any loss for the blood service. There are always stocks. However, there is never too much of it. And I want the reserves not to lie. For this reason, I encourage donors to return.

V.I.: How many people are delayed? Donors are getting younger, as you said. Are there any other general characteristics?

M.F.: The Blood Service conducted a sociological study. About who their donor is. Most often these are people between 30 and 40 years old. Or completely students. People with average income. A separate category is student cadets. They now do not participate voluntarily and forcibly, as before. They do this completely consciously and voluntarily.

V.I.: How many donors are financially interested? How much do donors get paid? Is there a mercantile side?

M.F.: In 2013, a law was passed, then a subordinate order, which regulated payments at the regional level. Food compensation in the amount of five percent of the minimum wage in the region. The amount depends on the region. Plus, regions can set their own additional payments. The regional government or city government can, at its legislative level, issue orders that additional payments can be made to donors. This is the case here in St. Petersburg and in some cities. There is no such thing in the Leningrad region. For some donors, this remains an additional incentive. This is especially interesting for students. You can't blame them for this. A person spends his time and money to get to the transfusion department. If compensation is due for food, let it be. A person can regain his strength after donating blood.

V.I.: This is the second most important incentive, the financial side. What's the first one?

M.F.: The first thing that remains is charity and the desire to help. People really want to help. Especially professional donors, young donors. Students who participate in social movements.

V.I.: Personnel donors. What it is? A collective proposal so that people don’t come one at a time?

M.F.: What you are talking about is corporate donation. A regular donor is a person who donates blood three or more times a year.

V.I.: If you look at your website, you can see a huge number of offers. Go far beyond the standard offer, when a car arrives, parks on the street and anyone can donate blood. What's new? What are you doing to attract people?

M.F.: We have been looking for various forms of attracting donors for a long time. In almost all regions, blood service institutions have people who are involved in public relations. They are called donor promotion managers. Public organizations come up with various interesting forms. In 2013, together with Russian Railways, we came up with the donor train “Donor Arrow”. Blood donation at the station, and people donated blood in the carriages. This action has continued, and we plan to further cooperate with Russian Railways. It aroused great interest, people willingly came to donate blood in such unusual conditions. There is another very large commercial company that works in conjunction with the Blood Service. They carry out joint projects. Along the rivers on ships, on airplanes. It is very good that big business is taking part in this. They organize this themselves and involve partners, our organization, the Red Cross.

V.I.: There are proposals to make donation mandatory. How do you feel about this kind of proposal?

M.F.: Blood donation should not be mandatory. The postulates of the donor movement are the same throughout the world. This is a voluntary, free refusal of an organ or tissue in favor of a person in need. Voluntary and gratuitous are the two principles on which everything rests.

V.I.: What are the contraindications? A person wants to start donating blood, but fate doesn’t.

M.F.: These are oncological diseases, mental illnesses. hepatitis, HIV, AIDS, serious blood diseases, poor vision, if severely negative. There are a number of temporary contraindications if a person cannot be a donor for some time. For women, this is the period of pregnancy and lactation. This could be a cold, a month after recovery, after a sore throat, for example. If you get a tattoo or piercing, then only after a year.

V.I.: For example, I didn’t know such nuances. Your organization promotes bone marrow donation. Can you tell me about this?

M.F.: We have been approaching this problem for a long time. We started doing it last year. We created the “Becoming a Hero” program. We began to popularize blood and stem cell donation and develop a register of potential bone marrow donors. The country has a general register of potential donors and a global register. Since 2008, we have been donating blood, quite successfully. The number of donors in a number of regions has also increased with our participation. We decided why not start donating bone marrow. In our country, the problem with this is much more acute than with blood donation. Our registry currently includes about 66 thousand potential bone marrow donors. And in the global registry there are 29 million potential donors. In Germany there are six million, in the USA almost 12, in the UK 700 thousand. For 150 million inhabitants - 66 thousand donors is very little. Despite the fact that there are a lot of people with cancer. About three million people have this diagnosis. We began to study this issue, began to conduct propaganda, conduct lessons, and give lectures in schools and universities. Gradually the number of donors is growing, but it is very small. Therefore, we will deal with this further. People don't yet understand what it is. Many people are scared by the wording - bone marrow donation. Some people think that their spine will be opened.

V.I.: Yes. There is an idea that it is very painful.

M.F.: We explain to people that this has nothing to do with serious medical consequences. It will not cause any harm to health.

V.I.: How difficult is it to debunk these myths?

M.F.: I manage to fight. At what plan? We have created a separate website that explains what bone marrow donation is. Let's explain what bone marrow is, first of all. That they will not open anyone’s spine. The first stage that a person goes through is a person. This is registration. And this means that you are mentally prepared.

V.I.: Marina Olegovna, thank you for participating in the broadcast. I say goodbye to you. This is the “Zoom” program on SOL radio.

Commercial or professional (personnel) donors;

Replacement donation is a common practice in many countries. In this case, the blood needed by the patient is provided by donors from the patient's family or friends. In some countries, the patient is required to provide a certain number of donors. Such donors do not receive any compensation from the Blood Service institution, but may receive it from the patient's relatives.

There are two forms of such donation. The first is when a family donates the same amount of blood as is transfused to the patient. This blood is added to the general stock of the blood bank and used as needed. The second type is known as “directed donation”, where a donor insists that his blood be given to a specific patient - mainly out of fear of receiving blood from an unknown donor. However, this practice has been frowned upon by the WHO. The Fundamental Objectives of Blood Transfusion Services (1989) states that “when blood is donated by family members of a patient, the blood should be used like any other blood and not intended for the designated recipient.” The advantage of related donation is the free replenishment of blood reserves in the blood bank, in addition, relative donors are possible candidates for future free donors.

Unfortunately, there are some disadvantages in the related donation system:

1. Patients and their relatives have to search for donors and, in some cases, pay for their services. All this happens while they are worried about the disease.

2. Family members are pressured even when they are unable to donate blood due to their health or the risk of transfusion-transmitted infections.

3. Blood transfused to the patient will not necessarily be reimbursed in the required quantity. Family member donation may not be enough for this. As a result, blood reserves may gradually become depleted.

Studies have shown that the percentage of rejected blood donated by relative donors is almost 2 times higher than blood donated by gratuitous or career donors. This is to be expected, since people who donate blood under pressure or for payment are unlikely to disclose the reasons why they are unsuitable for donation.

Such donors accept money or other forms of compensation for donating blood. They donate blood regularly and may have a contract with a blood bank to supply blood for an agreed fee. In another case, they may sell their blood not only to one blood bank, but also offer their services to patients' relatives as replacement donors. The motivation for donation for this category of donors is reward.

The main disadvantages of paid donors are the following:

1. The spread of paid donation undermines the system of voluntary free donation, which is the basis of a safe blood supply.

2. Transforming donation into a form of income attracts people from poor and socially disadvantaged sections of society to give blood. The possibility of receiving a reward forces these people to hide possible reasons for honey. diversion, which endangers the health and life of the recipient.

3. Commercial donors may donate blood more often than recommended - this can harm their own health and reduce the quality of the blood.

Donor

An active donor is a donor who regularly provides his blood for transfusion.

A gratuitous donor is an active blood donor who donates blood without monetary compensation, usually as part of an organized team.

Immune plasma donor is a donor who has received a course of immunization with some foreign antigen and has developed antibodies to it; the blood of an immune plasma donor can be used for preventive and therapeutic purposes.

A regular donor is a donor who is registered with a blood transfusion service and periodically undergoes a special examination.

Plasma donor is a donor from whom blood is taken to obtain plasma using plasmapheresis followed by reverse transfusion of his own red blood cells.

A reserve donor is a regular donor who is ready to provide his blood for transfusion as soon as necessary.

Standard erythrocyte donor is a donor whose erythrocytes have a certain antigenic characteristic and are used in the preparation of standards for determining blood groups and Rhesus affiliation.

A universal donor is a blood donor of group I (0), the red blood cells of which do not undergo hemolysis when transfused to persons with any blood group.

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The donor has the right.

Olga MAYOROVA, chief physician of the blood transfusion station of the Moscow Department of Health: “If we talk about the importance of donor blood, then it is priceless!”

The donor has the right to choose: donate blood free of charge and then have benefits when he becomes an honorary donor of Russia, or receive monetary compensation as a paid donor, or take advantage of the social support measures provided by the Moscow government: the amount is quite large, the head of the Olga Andreevna MAYOROVA, a large city blood transfusion station in Moscow.

What is the situation with blood procurement in Moscow today, exactly 9 months after the ill-fated law? Did you manage to improve the situation? And what prevents us from collecting blood in the amount of medical needs (emergency requests are currently satisfied by 85%, and planned ones - within 60–65%). We will discuss these and other pressing “vital” issues today.

“The Moscow government very quickly took unprecedented measures to support donors”

Olga Andreevna, to what extent have the restrictions on payment for donated blood adopted in the Federal Law “On the Donation of Blood and Its Components” affected the results of its procurement by your station?

The question is complex and complex, because... A number of other new documents were also adopted - the decisions of the Government of the Russian Federation that followed this law, orders of the Ministry of Health. Unfortunately, everything happened in an uncoordinated manner: first the law on donation came into force, but it meant the creation of more than 20 by-laws. In fact, at this moment, none of these by-laws had been created, so the operating conditions of blood services were extremely complicated throughout the country. It was planned to switch to predominantly gratuitous donation, but no one understood what amount of payments would remain for paid donors; in what cases it is necessary to pay for donated blood, what the donor’s diet should be and much more. The new law, in fact, broke all the existing conditions, stereotypes and traditions of the blood service.

In Moscow, the reaction to what happened was very prompt: the law came into force on January 20, and already on February 11, the city government issued a decree on measures to support donors in the context of the new law. That is, it took no more than 20 days to make all decisions. And this saved the situation with donor blood. The Moscow decree, in fact, made it possible to maintain the level of donor activity to the values of 2012, which was the highest over the past 20 years. It was possible to maintain the category of donors who benefit from social support measures, and among them the vast majority are regular donors of plasma and platelets. Therefore, there has been no sharp decline in donor activity; it remains at the 2012 level. This makes it possible to provide the capital’s healthcare with high-quality blood components in this mode: childhood and obstetric care are provided for 100% of requests, emergency requests from medical institutions are satisfied by 85%, and planned ones - within 60–65%.

But the huge army of residents of our city still does not come to donate blood. How can we explain this?

Moreover, asking them to become donors causes a negative reaction. I explain this by people’s lack of social position. I think that today the problem of the donor movement has migrated from the medical side to the social one. Moscow has it all: 2 blood transfusion stations and 16 blood transfusion departments in large multidisciplinary hospitals; it is planned to open two more blood transfusion departments. I think this will happen within a year or a year and a half. Two more hospitals will have their own blood transfusion departments. The most modern equipment was purchased to ensure sufficient volumes of blood and its components. There are also trained personnel. But the people themselves are not active. That is, from a medical point of view, the blood service is ready to accept large flows of donors, process blood components and transfer them to medical institutions. The main problem is that donors, and these are residents of Moscow and those coming to the capital, come to the stations and blood transfusion departments. The main problem is the lack of activity of our citizens. It is probably generally similar to a decrease in social activity in general. This is how it is commonly believed: even a very important problem for a person must be solved by someone, but not by himself.

Do you consider the measures of social support for Moscow donors sufficient? And what needs to be done, perhaps at the level of the Government of the Russian Federation, to encourage people to donate blood? After all, the process of awareness of this problem by people themselves is quite long.

Of the social support measures for Muscovites, everything that is provided for in the law has been preserved. And the amount of social support for blood is significant. Moreover, the donor has the right to choose: donate blood free of charge without social support and then receive benefits when he becomes an honorary donor of Russia, or receive social support measures during the donation process - the amount is quite large. And the process of realizing the importance of donating blood. It is very complex and even philosophical. Probably, such preparation should begin from a very early age, educational work should be carried out both in schools and in public organizations. But in Moscow today, even the Red Cross Society, which used to function actively, has not been active since the late 90s. All Muscovites need to realize: none of us is immune from illnesses, injuries, or accidents. Anyone in a difficult situation may need blood.

“The vast majority of employers refuse to host Donor Days”

I especially want to say about employers: their negative attitude towards donation has already become the talk of the town. There is a system of donor visiting campaigns. In Soviet times, more than half of donor blood was collected on trips. And today the institute of on-site donation functions, but... The vast majority of employers refuse to hold Donor Days in their institutions by any means, explaining that spending time on donor campaigns and the need to provide legal benefits to employees (including additional days for vacation) is unprofitable employers. This is the main reason. There must be an effective mechanism for employers to be held accountable for carrying out donor campaigns, as was the case during the Soviet era. Preservation and maintenance of donation is a state issue, including a matter of state security. Therefore, a well-structured state policy is needed, when the responsibility for providing donor blood and promoting the donor movement lies not only with medical personnel, but also with the heads of regions, cities, and enterprises. By the way, there are many donors among medical workers.

The donor movement today is still well developed in universities and colleges. And we continue to travel to many institutes and colleges, ready to bring our equipment and accept blood from any number of people who want it right on the spot. But potential donors coming to donate blood is not only the decision of the person himself, but also the promotion of donation, which is practically non-existent in universities now.

But the majority of students were driven, perhaps, not so much by the awareness of the importance of the action, but by the material reward. And today, for a student, 3 thousand rubles for donating 450 grams of blood is of great importance.

Today, all outreach events are carried out in the form of free donations, without social support measures - this is spelled out in all laws and regulations. When going to a university, we do not have the right to pay for the blood donated by students. They receive compensation only for food. If a student wants to receive money for donating blood, he must come to the blood transfusion station. But here, too, there was a “cut”: if in 2012 this amount in Moscow was 1000 rubles, then in accordance with the new order of the Ministry of Health it decreased to 550 rubles (up to 5% of the subsistence level). We, as a regional organization, cannot determine the amount of compensation for food ourselves.

How can we explain such a draconian situation - not paying students at field events? Is a “saving” of 500 rubles equivalent to the value of almost half a liter of human blood?

The cost of blood components is much higher than this money, even if we talk about pure economics. But if we talk about the significance of blood for saving people, then it is priceless. Even the president of the country once emphasized that today, for a large number of our citizens, monetary compensation is very important. And switching overnight to new terms of payment for donated blood in an information vacuum was, of course, risky. By the way, the new law on donation was approved last summer, and six months were given to prepare by-laws. But even today not all of them have come out. And we’re not just talking about students, the work of the blood service in general is regulated. In Moscow, the donor has a choice: to be paid, to be gratuitous with social support measures, or to be a gratuitous donor to receive benefits in the future. This system is more logical, but each region has its own details.

Is it now possible in Moscow to maintain the volume of blood collected at the level of last year’s figures?

The blood service has rather disingenuous statistics: it takes into account the entire volume that was somehow subject to processing. In Moscow, we still try to a greater extent to adhere to the figures characterizing the true procurement of blood components transferred to medical institutions. In our country, these parameters remained approximately at the level of 2012 and are stable today. Last year, 167 thousand different donations took place in Moscow. The displacement is calculated according to federal statistics - it is very large. Of this number, half are plasma donations using plasmapheresis and half are whole blood. And the results for six months of this year are almost comparable to the six months of last year.

Although immediately after the new law on donation came into force in Moscow, there was a significant decrease in donor activity, but it lasted literally for several days. Aggressive information from the media also played a negative role here. For the first time, people simply did not come to us, despite the fact that the Moscow government, until the release of by-laws, left in place all the support for donors that had been in previous years. But nevertheless, 20 “passive” days played their negative role. During this time, thousands of children were born, many injuries occurred, and a lot of operations were performed. And patients, such as cancer patients, cannot wait a single day. Fortunately, Moscow has an irreducible supply of blood, which, without an external influx of donors, allows us to work for 2 and sometimes 3 days. And yet, at some point in the city there was a noticeable shortage of donor blood, and it affected only planned operations. Fortunately, this period was short.

“There is a catastrophic period for the blood service - this is the summer holidays”

The number of donors in Russia as a whole, and in Moscow as well, is still decreasing from year to year. What is the situation in the capital over the past six months?

There is a catastrophic period for the blood service - the summer holiday period. At this time this summer, the decline in donor activity was even greater than last year. Although here, too, everything is ambiguous. There is a primary donor and there is a regular donor who donates blood more than 3 times a year. And there are reserve donors - who once donated. But their donations are not so regular. These are mainly plasma donors; there are not many of them. There are about 10–12 thousand professional donors in Moscow, and they provide more than 98% of all plasma and platelet donations. And among whole blood donors there are mainly primary donors and reserve donors who prefer to spend the summer period away from Moscow.

How do you cut off sick people (HIV, AIDS, hepatitis, etc.)?

There are several barriers: if this is a primary donor and we don’t know anything about him, then we have a connection with registries such as the MHC AIDS registry - we automatically exchange information with them. If a person is registered with them and comes to us, we will immediately identify him. (As a rule, patients with a confirmed diagnosis are entered into the database.) And in a semi-automatic mode, we receive information about the incidence of hepatitis and information from the clinical department. This is the primary filter. And if a person is not yet registered in these information media, but he is already sick, and besides, he has temporary registration in Moscow, but permanently resides in the region, then we will not know anything about him.

The first filter is registration in our information system. Such a person undergoes a blood test (general analysis), he is examined by a transfusiologist (the general condition of the skin, mucous membranes is assessed, lymph nodes are assessed, blood test results, the presence of traces of injections, palpation of the abdominal organs). For primary patients, height and weight are also measured (people with low weight, up to 50 kg, are not allowed to donate blood). If the doctor does not see any changes, then the person is allowed to donate blood.

The following examination is carried out from a sample of donor blood. The collected blood is sent to a laboratory, where it is mandatory to check for the presence of carriers of infections such as hepatitis B, C, HIV and syphilis. Nonspecific biochemical studies are also carried out, which may indicate some kind of problem in the patient’s health.

I have always wondered why the blood of primary donors must be quarantined for six months?

It is not blood that goes into quarantine, but only plasma; it really should lie unused for at least six months. During blood donation, the primary donor may have an incubation period of the disease, when we cannot detect any markers of viral infections. And in six months they will appear. That’s why we insist that the primary donor come to us again, be examined again, and then his plasma will be used in the treatment process.

What if the primary donor doesn’t come again? Will his blood be disposed of? Once upon a time, such blood was written off in tons.

Actually this is a very big problem. There is no such problem with personnel donors. Because donors, for example plasma, come every 2 weeks and they are examined regularly. But among primary blood donors, repeat turnout is no more than 20%. If a person does not return again, in Moscow there are two ways to use the donated plasma. First: transferring it to the production of drugs (in the process of drug production, albumin has a virus inactivation stage); second: there is special equipment that allows plasma to be processed, which will lead to the death of any pathogen that is detected. True, this is a very expensive pleasure. And the biological properties of plasma decrease during defrosting and processing.

Nevertheless, now 9 large hospitals have equipment that allows this plasma to be processed and used for therapeutic purposes. We have virtually no records of blood components. Perhaps in the regions there is this somewhere, but taking into account the fact that in Moscow there is, albeit not modern, production of medicines (albumin), write-offs are almost isolated. They happen during large events on the road, where there are many primary donors from whom Kell-positive blood, which has limited use in medicine, is collected. But such blood components are used in quality control and bacteriological studies. So this also cannot be called a write-off in the full sense. Blood is too valuable to be used irrationally.

“Private donation in Russia is prohibited by law”

Homosexuals today are also seeking the right to donate blood. Your opinion?

This is probably also more of a social spectrum of problems. For us, any donor is still primary in terms of the scope of the examination. Why are many people afraid of the blood of homosexuals? It is believed, and justified, that homosexuals are a risk group for carrying infectious diseases (hepatitis and HIV). This is the worst thing when it comes to blood, which is a contraindication to donation. At a doctor’s appointment, it’s not always possible to expect an honest answer from such people, especially in the context of large field events, when people have to fill out questionnaires, in fact, in front of their friends (from school, work). This should be accompanied by the results of the study. It is important to carry them out in full and on the most sensitive equipment.

How do you feel about private donation? It has been practiced abroad for a long time.

Firstly, in non-state institutions it is prohibited by law and is not provided for even in the new law on donation. Clinics in the non-state system can engage in autodonation, that is, collect the patient’s own blood before surgery. And it will be transfused only to him. Our station does not do this, because it is designed for the donor flow - to provide medical facilities. But clinics are successfully doing this. Especially those with blood transfusion departments. The transfer of the procurement of blood components to a non-state network must be ensured by very strict control. Blood components, examination of donor blood is an extremely expensive and at the same time very responsible matter. And for non-governmental healthcare institutions it is unlikely to be attractive if all the rules are followed.

Abroad, there is a practice of collecting blood in private organizations, but primarily not for therapeutic use, but for the production of plasma preparations. Today we do not have large capacities for processing plasma into drugs, but perhaps this will happen someday. But, I emphasize, this is not a question of today. The state practice of collecting blood is the most justified. Knowing the blood service from the inside and the problems that we have to face, I believe that now the practice of transferring it to non-state institutions is untimely. This is due to testing of donor blood, which would be extremely costly for a non-state system. It is easier for non-state services to use the state system to obtain a sufficient number of blood components, as well as to refer relative donors to blood service institutions that have everything necessary for work.

Although they now say that donation abroad is free of charge, it is conditionally free of charge. Different countries have hidden benefits that they don’t really want to talk about officially. For example, in Germany, if a person is a donor, then he pays 2–3 times less for his health insurance, because donation is an indicator of his health. The same practice occurs in Scandinavian countries. Outwardly, donation is free of charge, but there are car parking benefits, tax breaks, etc. For US healthcare, most of the blood is collected in Latin American countries. But in many, many countries there is a colossal shortage of donor blood. This is the official data that is presented at the congresses of the International Society of Transfusiologists (ISBT). In different countries, the deficit ranges from 50 to 80%. In our country, a deficit of even 10–15% is already perceived as a disaster. Therefore, when we transfer someone else’s experience to our country, we always need to evaluate this experience and possible risks from all sides.

“Emergencies can happen at any time and to anyone.”

Is it possible to just come to you and say: “I want to prepare donor blood for myself - just in case for the future”?

This is probably not very reasonable. But there is another situation: if doctors know that a person himself is a donor, then everything will be done for him if he ends up in the hospital. We always use all our reserves to provide such a person with donor blood without delay or delay. Life is very short, it is very unpredictable, and emergencies can happen at any time and to anyone.

Are there more sick people today and what diseases are prevalent if you look at your station’s file cabinet?

The detection rate of diseases is absolutely stable: general somatic diseases prevail. And this is cardiovascular pathology, hypertension, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. And as temporary diversions - skin diseases. We detect markers of hepatitis and HIV infections in donors, but the infection rate is the same as in the entire population. After all, ordinary people come to us, they are no different from others. But technologies for diagnosing diseases have stepped far forward. If we compare data from ten years ago, it may seem that there are more diseases. Although then the detection rate was less. Then cases of infection of patients with donor blood were described. Over the past 5 years, there has not been a single case of infection in Moscow healthcare after a blood transfusion.

Personnel donors of both sexes represent:

every six months, a medical certificate from an outpatient clinic at the place of residence or place of attachment (illnesses suffered over the past six months, sick leave, and the presence of disability are indicated);
for each blood donation - a certificate from an infectious disease specialist (indicates the absence of contact with any infectious diseases, including hepatitis A, B and C);
once a year data:
- urine analysis,
- fluoroscopic (or fluorographic) examination of the chest organs,
- electrocardiography (ECG).

Female professional donors annually submit a certificate of gynecological status on the day the certificate is issued (past diseases, surgical interventions, childbirth, absence of pregnancy).

How to become a blood donor? Where should I go? And do I need to have any certificates?

I've been thinking about this for a long time, only now I decided!

The city has a blood transfusion station and blood transfusion departments at most hospitals (see list). Call the selected institution, ask what documents are needed in addition to a passport (some transfusion departments require a certificate from an infectious disease specialist/therapist), and check the work schedule.

It is advisable to follow some rules before donating blood (see recommendations for donor).

How to become a personnel donor

To donate blood, you need a Russian Federation passport and compulsory medical insurance, reside in Crimea for at least 6 months and have documentary evidence (registration or a certificate from the place of work, certified by the human resources department). Donors are between 18 and 60 years old, have no contraindications to donation and weigh more than 55 kg.

Before donating blood, the future donor fills out a questionnaire from the Blood Center, where he must conscientiously answer all questions regarding his well-being and past illnesses. Both his health and the health of the recipient - the person to whom his blood will be transfused - depend on the sincerity of the donor. Be careful when filling out donor documents! Moreover, according to the Law of the Russian Federation “On the Donation of Blood and Its Components”, “A citizen who deliberately concealed or distorted information about the state of his health bears responsibility established by the legislation of the Russian Federation if such actions have resulted or could have resulted in a significant disorder in the health of the recipients.”

Primary and regular donors donate ml of blood - depending on their health and indications, according to a medical examination and laboratory testing. Depending on the frequency of donating blood and its components, the following categories of donors are defined: - active (cadre) donors who have 3 or more donations per year and - reserve donors who have less than 3 donations per year. Is it possible for the donor to become infected? Infection of the donor is excluded. Each donor has his own individual disposable blood collection system.

The sensations of blood donation, like any other, are very individual. And they depend directly on how sensitive and emotionally receptive you are. Most people, including donors, claim that taking blood from a vein is less painful than from a finger. Some people experience slight dizziness during blood donation. Malaise may be caused by a decrease in hemoglobin levels. Along with the blood, a certain amount of red blood cells - carriers of hemoglobin - leaves, which causes a decrease in pressure. The normal body of a healthy person can easily cope with this. Many donors do not detect any changes in their health. Some people, after donating blood, experience a “burst of vivacity”, a readiness and desire to “do a great job.” However, doctors advise to refrain from exertion on this day and take advantage of a well-deserved day off. But almost every donor feels a lot of positive emotions from the knowledge that he made a decision, did a good deed, and helped save someone’s life.

Complete restoration of blood composition occurs within a day. The rate of recovery of different blood components is different. Red blood cells are restored in the donor's body within 4-6 weeks, and leukocytes and platelets - by the end of the first week. Plasma is restored within 1-2 days. To restore your blood composition faster, it is recommended to drink a lot of fluids - juices, tea. Proper nutrition is necessary: the donor’s diet should always contain protein, which determines the level of hemoglobin in the blood.

For security. Donor blood is subject to quarantine. 6 months after giving blood, the donor undergoes a second examination so that, based on the results, the blood donated by the donor can be transferred to medical organizations of the Republic of Crimea to save human life.

Yes, they are fully complied with. Qualified doctors strictly monitor the implementation of all medical norms and regulations, and also monitor the safety of donors. All premises where outreach events take place are personally inspected and approved by a Blood Center doctor. Sanitation must be carried out the day before.

The title of honorary donor: how to become one, conditions and legislation

In Russia, donation in recent years has risen to a new level in practical and legislative aspects, receiving various legal and social incentives. How to become an honorary donor, is this status unlimited, what benefits are provided to such persons?

Donation activities are of great importance throughout the world and are considered noble and honorable, since they involve helping those in need not just with monetary or material resources, but with the selfless donation of one’s own blood.

Legislation

Legal relations regarding donation involve citizens of Russia who wish to donate biological material, organizations receiving this material, employers of citizens, as well as those in need of help.

Main legal sources:

The 125th federal law, adopted in 2012 on July 20, on donation;
Labor Code of Russia.

It is also necessary to take into account the legal framework of other levels of government. Of course, all acts are based on the Constitution of Russia and international law.

Donor: conditions

majority; It is not allowed to collect blood for donation from citizens under 18 years of age (except in cases of emancipation); propaganda and dissemination of information about donation for such persons is permitted and actively carried out;
more than 50 kilograms of body weight; motive for the requirement - with less weight, the likelihood of threats to the health and current well-being of a citizen increases, threats include both low blood pressure and a drop in glucose levels, as well as anemia, fainting, etc.;
staying in Russia for the last 30 days; when traveling abroad, a citizen may become infected with an infection or virus without any symptoms; the first symptoms of the disease will appear in just a month, a citizen will be able to be a donor if there are no signs of infection and even if he returned from Africa or Latin America;
absence of diseases affecting the content and quality of blood, plasma and blood cells; The structure of the Blood Service examines each donor according to the parameters of weight, pressure, pulse, general blood test, and a diffusion doctor also examines the applicant; in addition, donors periodically present the studies performed - x-ray, fluorogram, etc., so it is important not to lie in front of the Service specialists blood and give truthful answers to all questions, because in the event of an examination, the person’s diseases will be identified;
for female donors - you can participate in donation only 5 days after menstruation and 1 year after childbirth; the requirement is due to hormonal changes, changes in blood composition and the general risk of deterioration in a woman’s well-being (low glucose, hemoglobin levels).

It is not allowed to submit material for any illness in the current acute phase.

To check a candidate for compliance with the specified criteria, he goes through several major stages of control:

registration and survey;
donating blood from a finger prick to determine the level of hemoglobin, blood group, glucose, etc., the analysis is carried out on the same day to make a decision - whether the candidate is allowed to donate or denied admission;
appointment with a diffusion doctor, who, based on the results of an oral interview, makes the final decision on the admission of a person or refusal of admission.

Become an honorary donor

Individuals become honorary donors regardless of the frequency of presentation of blood components and the blood itself. The number of fences in general is important here:

40 whole blood draws;
60 plasma samples;
40 samples of 25 or more whole blood and the remainder from plasma; for example, 29 blood donations and 11 plasma donations were carried out, the citizen receives the status of an honorary donor;
60 samples of 25 or less - whole blood, and the remainder - from plasma.

A person needs to achieve any of 4 options. The collection of blood cells - granulocytes, platelets and red blood cells - is identical to the collection of whole blood.

An important condition is the donation of material free of charge, i.e. refusal of payments provided to donors under the usual procedure.

Individuals who pass all requirements are issued an honorary donor badge.

What is an honorary donor entitled to?

Ordinary donors have pleasant “rewards” for their charitable activities - a day off at the expense of the employer, free food, cash payments.

Honorary donors, of course, have more rewards and benefits.

List of donor benefits when receiving an honorary badge in 2018:

paid days off for the days of examination and delivery of the material itself, and if a citizen worked on this day, then he has the right to get a day off during any other working period;
the same rule applies if the delivery or inspection falls on a holiday, vacation or work day off; sick leave is not included in the rule;
free food on the day of donation at the Blood Service institution - before and after the procedure, after the procedure you can refuse food and receive monetary compensation;
personnel donors receive vouchers for sanatorium-resort holidays at the place of work or study - at preferential prices;
extraordinary appointments at state medical healthcare organizations;
extraordinary receipt of resort vouchers at work or study;
additional paid leave per year;
an additional payment every year, which is added to the basic income.

These are only federal benefits. Each region and municipality may provide other awards to its honorary donors. To learn about them, you must visit the territorial office of the Social Security Administration.

If we talk about specific amounts and terms of payments, the amount of annual remuneration is related to the cost of living in the region and ranges from 8 to 45% of its amount. From the latest news about indexation, it is known that for the current year the remuneration after an increase of 1.054 points is equal to rubles.

A citizen will be able to receive this amount only after donating blood 40 times. Men are allowed to donate no more than 5 times a year, women - no more than 4. Thus, a man needs to regularly donate blood free of charge for 8 years, a woman - 10 years in order to receive a sign and certificate of an honorary donor.

How to become a personnel donor

What documents need to be completed?

How much blood is drawn during a blood donation?

Is donating blood painful?

Why do you need to donate blood in the morning?

What can and cannot be done after giving blood?

Immediately after giving blood, you need to rest (sit, or better yet, lie down) for a few minutes. If you feel dizzy or weak, contact the staff. You should not remove the bandage for 3-4 hours after blood donation. You can shower or bath the next day. It is better not to undergo intense physical activity for two days. It is important to drink plenty of fluids and eat regularly. Vaccinations after donating blood are permitted no earlier than 10 days later. There are no restrictions on driving a car on the day of donation.

When will the blood be fully restored after blood donation?

Is donation safe for my health?

Why do you need to donate blood again within a year?

Are safety rules observed at outdoor events?

How often can you donate blood?

How to prepare for giving blood?

If you haven't found the answer to your question, then ask us! Donor Fund specialists are ready to answer all questions from those wishing to donate blood: by email This email address is being protected from spambots. You must have JavaScript enabled to view it. or This email address is being protected from spambots. You must have JavaScript enabled to view it. , as well as through the VK page

How I became a personnel donor

In a word, I decided to join the fading donor movement, reasoning something like this: it won’t cost me anything, but it will definitely benefit some of my fellow citizens...

I won’t say that the prospect of spending time running around clinics brought me indescribable delight, but what can I do...

Finally, it’s my turn (actually, what a queue it is - at most five minutes of waiting).

Do you want to donate blood for money...

No, I answer, why for money? Free of charge.

The receptionist gives me a meaningful look and throws up her hands...

What are you talking about? You've collected all the information! At least give it up today for money... What, eight hundred rubles extra, or what?

Having received a negative response to her exhortations, she concludes:

This is the first time I've seen this...

After thinking a little, he clarifies:

Although, no, I’m lying: in the second...

As it turned out later, about the next time the aunt was not entirely right - I will explain further.

Upon completion of the formalities, instead of giving me my card in my hands, the receptionist herself accompanies me to the laboratory (the office opposite) and at the same time teases: “No, you do what you want, and today I will do a good deed: today you will still turn it in for money " In the laboratory there is a continuation of the Marlezon ballet: “Girls, look, the man has collected all the certificates and does not want to take the money.” Two more pairs of eyes look at me like I’m an idiot... Finally, one of the laboratory assistants, the smarter and younger one, says in a shrill voice: “What’s going on! Well, if you don’t need this money, then GIVE IT TO ME. “To be honest, I didn’t immediately find what to answer. The registrar relieves the situation:

Okay, okay, I'm kidding. That’s it, I’ve already made a note – gratuitous blood donation.

The Marlezon ballet continues:

Free of charge? Why don’t you want to sell it for money? All the information has been collected...

You see, doctor, if, God forbid, my more financially successful friends find out about this, they... will laugh at me...

Well, I don’t know, I personally feel somehow uncomfortable “trading” my blood...

The argument is accepted. A quick examination, a note on the card, a referral for blood donation.

Well, the lady from the reception just promised that it will be possible to “get through” for free, even without certificates... Okay, we’ll get through somehow...

The sisters are talking to each other, looking at my map:

No, it's free.

Well, yes, gratuitous, but still staff.

Do not remove the bandage for two hours. Goodbye, come see us again, sounds the standard farewell.

Come on, I’ll let you through anyway, you’re renting for free,” the registrar promises me.

Hmm... I don’t know, I don’t know... Although all this fuss with paperwork is annoying, in order not to set anyone up, apparently, you will still have to fill out all these certificates...

That's all for today. The total time spent is no more than an hour.

Anyway, I hope my blood will help someone. Next time, God willing, I’ll be back here in another couple of months...

Personnel donation is a priority for the Blood Service of St. Petersburg

In total, in 2016, the St. Petersburg station collected tons of blood. At the same time, the rejection rate was only 4-5%.

Phoenix from the Ashes

Employees call the 1990s the most difficult period in history. The blood service began to operate under a new economic mechanism. Donor motivation has decreased.

“By 1995, donation rates had dropped by 4 times,” recalls Nadezhda Tsybulskaya.

There is no limit to perfection

How to become a personnel donor

Every healthy person aged 18 to 60 who has a residence permit (or temporary registration) in Moscow or the Moscow region can become a donor of blood and its components.

When visiting the Blood Center, you must have your passport and military ID (for men).

When first contacting the Blood Center registry, the donor is checked through the computer database of the Unified Donor Center.

After this, donors are examined by a therapist and undergo laboratory examination: clinical blood test, biochemical blood test, blood test for the presence of hepatitis B and C viruses, AIDS, syphilis test..

During the initial application (or after a break in donating blood for more than six months), the donor can donate blood only the day after the examination. To do this, get your donor card at the reception, make a check-in at the general practitioner’s office without queuing, drink tea and go up to the third floor to the operating room.

Don't come too early, the operating room starts at 9 am.

For the first time, all donors donate blood. The transition to the group of regular plasma donors is subsequently decided by the general practitioner on an individual basis.

For subsequent visits to the Blood Center, a preliminary laboratory examination is not required. Blood for examination is taken during blood or plasma donation.

Plasma donors are accepted for plasma donation only on the days designated for their blood type:

Monday- plasma donors B(III) group
Tuesday- group A(II) plasma donors
Wednesday- O(I) group plasma donors
Thursday- AB(IV) group plasma donors.

We ask you to adhere to your diet on the eve of blood donation and plasmapheresis (do not eat fatty and spicy foods, avoid alcohol).

After blood donation or plasmapheresis, be sure to sign up at the reception for your next visit to the Blood Center. If you cannot appear on time, be sure to call the registration office at the phone number indicated in your donor certificate () and sign up for another day convenient for you.

We ask you to come to the Blood Center no later than 10 hours. By being late, you delay the laboratory examination of blood and, as a result, the issuance of blood components to medical institutions.

We would like to draw the attention of plasma donors: After plasmapheresis, your plasma is stored for 3 (three) months for storage (quarantine). If for some reason you cannot visit the Blood Center for routine plasmapheresis, please come any day for testing. The cost of your time will be small, and quarantined plasma, which is extremely necessary for maternity hospitals and children's institutions, will be distributed to medical institutions on time.

You should not donate blood after working the night shift,
Three days before blood donation, fatty foods should be excluded from the diet and alcoholic beverages, including beer, should not be consumed.
the evening before the donation, have a light dinner, and in the morning on the day of the donation, limit yourself to sweet tea with bread.
Immediately after donating blood, you should not engage in physical labor, drink alcohol, or drive vehicles.

BENEFITS PROVIDED TO DONORS

An employee who is a donor, on the day of donating blood and its components, is released from work in an enterprise, institution, or organization, regardless of the form of ownership, while retaining his average salary for these days.

A soldier who is a donor is exempt from duty and other forms of service on the day of blood donation.

After each day of donating blood and its components, the donor is given an additional day of rest while maintaining his average earnings. The specified day of rest can be added, at the donor’s request, to annual leave or used at another time within a year after the day of donation of blood and its components.

On the day of donation of blood and its components, the donor is provided with free food at the expense of regional and local budgets. The amount of monetary norms for food for donors is established by the regional administration.

A donor who donates blood or its components free of charge during the year in a total amount equal to two maximum permissible doses is provided with the following additional benefits:

for six months, students of educational institutions receive a scholarship supplement of 25% at the expense of regional and local budgets;
during the year - temporary disability benefits for all types of illnesses in the amount of full earnings, regardless of length of service;
during the year - priority provision of preferential vouchers for sanatorium and resort treatment at the place of work or study;
during the year - providing active donors (five or more blood donations per year) with iron-containing medications and multivitamins for the prevention of anemia, dispensed with free prescriptions.

BENEFITS FOR PERSONS AWARDED WITH THE BADGE

"HONORED DONOR OF RUSSIA"

AND PREVIOUSLY “HONORARY DONOR OF THE USSR”

Citizens who donate blood 40 or more times or plasma 60 or more times are awarded the “Honorary Donor of Russia” badge. Donors awarded the “Honorary Donor of Russia” badge have the right to:

for free production and repair of dentures (except for dentures made of precious metals, porcelain and metal-ceramics) in state or municipal healthcare institutions;
for preferential purchase of medicines (with a discount of 50% of their cost) according to prescriptions from state or municipal health care institutions according to the list approved by the Government;
for free travel on all types of public transport (except taxis).
to reduce utility bills by up to 50%;
for priority purchase at the place of work or study of preferential vouchers for sanatorium and resort treatment;
to provide annual paid leave at a time convenient for them;
on obtaining preferential loans for individual housing construction.
Citizens of the Russian Federation awarded the “Honorary Donor of the USSR” Badge enjoy all the benefits provided to citizens awarded the “Honorary Donor of Russia” Badge.

LIST OF CONTRAINDICATIONS

TO DONATION OF BLOOD AND ITS COMPONENTS

Absolute contraindications (withdrawal from donation, regardless of the duration of the disease and treatment results)

AIDS, HIV carriers and people at risk (homosexuals, drug addicts, prostitutes);
syphilis, congenital or acquired;
viral hepatitis (positive reactions to markers of viral hepatitis B and C);
tuberculosis, all forms;
brucellosis;
typhus;
tularemia;
leprosy;
echinococcosis;
toxoplasmosis;
trypanosomiasis;
filariasis;
guinea worm;
leishmaniasis;
malignant neoplasms;
blood diseases;
organic diseases of the central nervous system;
complete absence of hearing and speech;
mental illness;
drug addiction, alcoholism;
hypertension stage II - III;
cardiac ischemia;
atherosclerosis, atherosclerotic cardiosclerosis;
obliterating endoarteritis, nonspecific aortoarteritis, recurrent thrombophlebitis;
endocarditis, myocarditis;
heart disease;
bronchial asthma;
bronchiectasis, pulmonary emphysema, obstructive bronchitis, diffuse pneumosclerosis in the stage of decompensation;
Achilles gastritis;
peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum;
chronic liver diseases, including those of a toxic nature and unknown etiology;
calculous cholecystitis with repeated attacks and symptoms of cholangitis;
cirrhosis of the liver;
diffuse connective tissue diseases;
radiation sickness;
diseases of the endocrine system in case of severe dysfunction and metabolism;
ozena;
other acute and chronic severe purulent-inflammatory diseases of the ENT organs;
residual effects of uveitis;
high myopia (6D or more);
trachoma;
complete blindness;
common skin diseases of an inflammatory and infectious nature;
generalized psoriasis, erythroderma, eczema, poloderma, sycosis, lupus erythematosus, blistering dermatoses;
fungal infections of the skin (microsporia, trichofetia, favus, epidermopetia) and internal organs (deep mycoses);
acute and chronic osteomyelitis;
surgical intervention for organ resection (stomach, kidney, gallbladder, spleen, ovaries, uterus, etc.) and transplantation of organs and tissues.

Personnel donation. What does it mean?

In June 2012, the Republican Blood Transfusion Station will celebrate its half-century anniversary.

You can get advice on donating blood and its components 24 hours a day by calling the Blood Service Hotline (the call is free in Russia).

Legal relations regarding donation involve citizens of Russia who wish to donate biological material, organizations receiving this material, employers of citizens, as well as those in need of help.

Main legal sources:

125 Federal law, adopted in 2012 on July 20, on donation;
Labor Code of Russia.

It is also necessary to take into account the legal framework of other levels of government. Of course, all acts are based on the Constitution of Russia and international law.

Donor: conditions

Information on the requirements for persons wishing to donate blood or its components can be found in the above law and on the blood service portal. The Blood Service is a network of organizations, institutions and executive authorities reporting to the Russian Ministry of Health.

So, the requirements:

majority; It is not allowed to take blood for donation from citizens under 18 years of age (except in cases of emancipation); propaganda and dissemination of information about donation for such persons is permitted and actively carried out;
more than 50 kilograms of body weight; motive for the requirement - with less weight, the likelihood of a threat to the health and current well-being of a citizen increases, threats include both low blood pressure and a drop in glucose levels, as well as anemia, fainting, etc.;
staying in Russia for the last 30 days; when traveling abroad, a citizen may become infected with an infection or virus without any symptoms; the first symptoms of the disease will appear in just a month, a citizen will be able to be a donor if there are no signs of infection and even if he returned from Africa or Latin America;
absence of diseases affecting the content and quality of blood, plasma and blood cells; The structure of the Blood Service examines each donor according to the parameters of weight, pressure, pulse, general blood test, and a diffusion doctor also examines the applicant; in addition, donors periodically present the studies performed - x-ray, fluorogram, etc., so it is important not to lie in front of the Service specialists blood and give truthful answers to all questions, because in the event of an examination, the person’s diseases will be identified;
for female donors - you can participate in donation only 5 days after menstruation and 1 year after childbirth; the requirement is due to hormonal changes, changes in blood composition and the general risk of deterioration in a woman’s well-being (low glucose, hemoglobin levels).

It is not allowed to submit material for any illness in the current acute phase.

To check a candidate for compliance with the specified criteria, he goes through several major stages of control:

registration and survey;
donating blood from a finger prick to determine the level of hemoglobin, blood group, glucose, etc., the analysis is carried out on the same day to make a decision - whether the candidate is allowed to donate or denied admission;
appointment with a diffusion doctor, who, based on the results of an oral interview, makes the final decision on the admission of a person or refusal of admission.

Become an honorary donor

Law No. 125 divides donors into reserve donors - those who donate blood or its components less than 3 times a year, and regular donors - those who donate material 3 or more times a year.

Individuals become honorary donors regardless of the frequency of presentation of blood components and the blood itself. The number of fences in general is important here:

40 whole blood draws;
60 plasma samples;
40 samples, of which 25 or more were from whole blood, and the remainder from plasma; for example, 29 blood donations and 11 plasma donations were carried out, the citizen receives the status of an honorary donor;
60 samples, of which 25 or less are from whole blood, and the remainder from plasma.

A person needs to achieve any of 4 options. The collection of blood cells - granulocytes, platelets and red blood cells - is identical to the collection of whole blood.

An important condition is the donation of material free of charge, i.e. refusal of payments provided to donors under the usual procedure.

Individuals who pass all requirements are issued an honorary donor badge.

What is an honorary donor entitled to?

Ordinary donors have pleasant “rewards” for their charitable activities - a day off at the expense of the employer, free food, cash payments.

Honorary donors, of course, have more rewards and benefits.

List of donor benefits when receiving an honorary badge in 2019:

paid days off for the days of examination and delivery of the material itself, and if a citizen worked on this day, then he has the right to get a day off during any other working period;
the same rule applies if the delivery or inspection falls on a holiday, vacation or work day off; sick leave is not included in the rule;
free food on the day of donation at the Blood Service institution - before and after the procedure, after the procedure you can refuse food and receive monetary compensation;
personnel donors receive vouchers for sanatorium-resort holidays at the place of work or study - at preferential prices;
extraordinary appointments at state medical healthcare organizations;
extraordinary receipt of resort vouchers at work or study;
additional paid leave per year;
an additional payment every year, which is added to the basic income.

If we talk about specific amounts and terms of payments, the amount of annual remuneration is related to the cost of living in the region and ranges from 8 to 45% of its amount. From the latest news about indexation, it is known that for the current year the remuneration after an increase of 1,054 points is equal to 13,041 rubles.