What are GMOs and why are they harmful? Genetically modified foods: benefits and harms

Many products now carry the “non-GMO” label, raising not only the price of the product by making it “organic”, but also our trust in it. We will tell you what GMOs are, whether you should believe all the myths, and whether they are really as dangerous as they try to present.

What is GMO?

The abbreviation GMO stands for genetically modified organism, which can be a living organism or a food product that is created using genetic engineering. What are the advantages of this notorious genetic engineering technology? The fact is that, for example, in agriculture, pests avoid treated plants, and a very large harvest can be harvested. They have a very long shelf life and an attractive appearance - glossy shine, large size, beautiful shape. They are all created like a carbon copy. That is, it is very profitable, but is it safe for human health?

There are several common opinions about what kind of harm GM foods can cause to the human body:

1. The likelihood of tumor formation increases.

2. The body loses its ability to be susceptible to antibiotics and pills.

3. The easiest outcome is simple food poisoning.

4. GM foods can cause an allergic reaction in the body.

But not all experts today can confirm the veracity of each of these arguments. For example, Pamela Ronald, who has been studying plant genes for many years, argues that there is nothing wrong with GMOs: “Genetic modifications are not something new. Almost everything we eat now has been genetically modified in one way or another." She says: “Genetic modifications, in the sense of gene transfer between species, have been used for more than 40 years in winemaking, medicine, plant breeding, and cheese making. During all this time, there has never been a case where harm was caused to humans or the environment.”

Indeed, the harm of genetically modified organisms has not been officially proven by any scientist, although many experiments and studies have been conducted. So the connection between GM products and the occurrence of tumors is nothing more than an assumption.

As for pill resistance, bacteria develop resistance to antibiotics by creating genes through natural mutation.

Most plants produce substances that are toxic to humans. However, many foods that people consume produce toxins at low enough levels that they do not cause any adverse health effects.

But if genetic engineering technology is added to this plant, it is likely that it will begin to produce toxins at a higher level, and this means a direct threat to humans.

Children are more susceptible to food allergies than adults (almost 2 times). Allergic reactions in the human body occur when a genetically modified protein enters the body and stimulates the immune system. This is a completely normal reaction of the body to new components that it encounters for the first time.

Another danger that GM products pose is that the beneficial substances and properties of a particular fruit, vegetable or berry may be of lower quality than the nutritional properties of its normal counterpart. Thus, the body simply does not perceive the nutrients it receives.

Hello everyone!

Recently, I was very surprised by one of my friends, by the way, a biologist by training, with her opinion about GMO products.

We were choosing something in the store and I, as always, paid attention to the “No GMO” label, but she, noticing this, told me that I was doing all this in vain and GMO products are not as dangerous and harmful as they are. Everyone considers her.

This is simply a misconception and an overblown myth.

Of course, this got me very excited and I decided to figure out why GMOs in food are dangerous more thoroughly.

And this is what I managed to find out.

From this article you will learn:

GMOs in food - what is it and why is it dangerous?

What is GMO?

GMOs (genetically modified organisms) are plants and products created by genetic engineering.

Genetic engineering is a science that allows you to introduce a DNA fragment from any other organism into the genome of a plant, animal or microorganism in order to give it certain properties.

For example, tomatoes and strawberries can get a gene for frost resistance from Arctic flounder, potatoes and corn can get a gene for bacteria that are lethal to insect pests, and rice can get a gene for human albumin to make it more nutritious.

Are there any benefits to GMOs in food?

If we consider GM components only from this point of view, then they bring very good benefits.

They make it possible to obtain high-quality large yields without the use of chemical fertilizers and plant protection products, which leads to cheaper prices for these products and an increase in their shelf life.

For animal organisms, GMO is used to accelerate their growth.

Therefore, those who are supporters of GMOs claim that such products are the future and they can make a huge contribution to the fight against hunger and disease throughout the world.

And also, according to geneticists, with proper control, these organisms can be safe and today there are many methodological techniques for controlling genetic engineering in order to minimize potential risks.

Is there any harm in GMOs?

However, despite what was written above, there are a huge number of opposing opinions that claim that any products containing GMOs are very dangerous and harmful.

Many scientists consider one of the most important side effects of GMOs to be its adverse effect on offspring. that is, the consequences of consuming GMO products may only appear after several years or generations.

Other scientists believe that GMO foods cause tumor growth, allergies, metabolic disorders, and antibiotic resistance.

However, the benefits or harm of GMOs for the human body and ecosystems have not been proven by official science.

And which one will win, only time will tell.

How to distinguish GMO products?

Therefore, I still decided to stick to my opinion, not to take risks and, if possible, to exclude all possible GMO products from my family’s diet.

I do not rule out that someday my opinion will change, but for now, I will try hard to avoid such products, although it is very difficult.

In our country, it is almost impossible to determine from the label that a product is non-GMO.

According to our laws, the “No GMO” label is placed if the product contains less than 0.9% GMOs, but even this law is ignored by manufacturers.

Therefore, all we can do is to somehow limit the consumption of those products that, at least theoretically, may contain GMOs.

What foods contain GMOs?

Anything containing soy, corn and canola

Some sources officially claim that all these products are GMO.

If you see plant protein on the product label, it is 100% soy.

All meat and sausage products, semi-finished products, chips, store-bought sauces, ketchups, canned food (especially corn), and all soy dairy products are very rich in such proteins.

Vegetable oil and margarine

By the way, it was a shock for me to learn that now olive oil is diluted with soybean oil and they don’t even write about it on the labels.

Baby food

Most of all well-known baby food manufacturers use GMOs in their products.

Ice cream

Contains 90% GMOs. Prepare the best homemade

Candy and chocolate

I have almost never encountered chocolate that does not contain soy lecithin.

Bakery and confectionery products
Vegetables most often include imported potatoes, tomatoes, melons, zucchini, and papaya.

How to determine a GMO product by composition?

You can also assume the presence of GMOs by looking at the composition of the product.

For example, soy lecithin or E 322 lecithin can be found in many products.
It binds water and fats together and is used as a fatty element in infant formula, cookies, chocolate, Riboflavin (B2) otherwise known as E 101 and E 101A, can be produced from GM microorganisms.

It is added to cereals, soft drinks, baby food and weight loss products.

Also, the presence of GMOs in a product may be indicated by components such as soybean oil, vegetable fat, maltodextrin, glucose, dextrose, and aspartame.
Also pay attention to the country of manufacture.

Remember that 68% of all GMO foods are produced in the United States, followed by France and Canada.

And a very sad fact: since July 2014, the cultivation of plants using the GMO method has been officially permitted in Russia.

Our country allows the use of 14 types of GMOs (8 varieties of corn, 4 varieties of potatoes, 1 variety of rice, and 1 variety of sugar beets) for sale and food production.

The worst thing about this is that, according to the assumptions of many scientists, this will all lead to the complete destruction of farms and organic agriculture in our country.

I quote the co-chairman of the Coordination Council of the Russian Environmental Chamber, Alexander Kazakov.

“Those farmers who are trying to grow environmentally friendly products today will throw money down the drain - their entire crop will be contaminated. Super pests will appear, just as they appeared in other countries. Growing GMOs on one's own territory risks soil contamination for the country. For example, in Canada, all rapeseed in the country became genetically modified as a result of the fact that GM rapeseed pollen was spread to neighboring fields."

Non-GMO Products

If you have the opportunity to purchase products labeled BIO or Organic, such products also exist in Russia, you just have to look for them.

Most often they are indicated by this icon.

EU Organic Bio is the single mark of the European Union used to identify the packaging of organic food products grown without chemical fertilizers.

For example, I bought this kind of domestic rolled oats and this kind of flour in a regular supermarket.

There may also be such icons, especially on imported products.

This marking guarantees 99% that the entire path of the product, starting from agricultural land and agro-technical enterprises, seed material, processing methods, packaging are certified and constantly monitored.

And the products are manufactured in accordance with the strictest technological requirements and environmental standards of the European Union and international certification organizations.

On domestic products you need to look for the Rostet or Voluntary Certification badge, this will be at least some kind of designation of product quality.

For fruits and vegetables, buy seasonal and local ones while you still can.

GREENPEACE PRODUCT DIRECTORY

“How to choose products without transgenes?”

In Russia there is only one organization that has at least somehow taken control of products with GMOs, this is Greenpeace.

According to him, more than a third of the products on the Russian market are genetically modified.

In addition, Greenpeace Russia published the country's first consumer guide, “How to choose products without transgenes?”

The directory was compiled on the basis of information received from manufacturing companies about the content of genetically modified ingredients (GMI) in the products they produce.

Greenpeace also carried out random checks in specialized laboratories. But after 2005 this directory was not updated :(

You can download it in PDF format, 1.4 Mb

In general, my friends, draw your own conclusions.

I really wish you to find good, high-quality natural and affordable non-GMO products on the shelves of your stores.

I myself am constantly searching for them.

Maybe if we unite and stop eating this “poison” and giving our money for it, something will change in this direction for the better...

Or is it tilting at windmills?

GMOs, nitrates, are we being poisoned on purpose? How do you think?

When I wrote this post, I had a movie in my head about how a small group of people survived in the world and fought for their existence.

This is probably no longer beyond fantasy...

Or am I greatly exaggerating everything?)))

If I'm wrong, convince me otherwise.

Alena Yasneva was with you, bye everyone

Sources http://www.innoros.ru/dnaproject/obshcheobrazovatelnyi-razdel/analiz-gmo, http://www.greenpeace.org/russia/ru/

Outwardly, such food products seem to be no different from normal ones, and this is precisely where they are especially dangerous. Bread looks like bread, meat looks like meat, vegetables and fruits look even better than normal. And there is no special difference in taste! But... on the other hand, there are very significant differences AT THE GENETIC LEVEL. The chromosomes of genetically modified organisms carry implanted regions of other plants and animals, and more! These “modestly” hushed up genetic changes in plants and animals produce irreversible changes in the bodies of people who consume genetically modified foods, LEADING TO COMPLETE STERILITY, the occurrence of dangerous allergies, food poisoning, mutations, the development of resistance to antibiotics, etc.

Blacklist of producers of GMO products according to Greenpeace:

No. Food products Companies Product name

1. Hershey’s Cadbury Fruit&Nut chocolate products
2. Mars M&M
3. Snickers
4. Twix
5. Milky Way
6. Cadbury (Cadbury) chocolate, cocoa
7. Ferrero
8. Nestle chocolate "Nestlé", " "
9. Nestle Nesquik chocolate drink
10. Soft drink Sosa-Cola "Coca-Cola" Sosa-Cola
11. “Sprite”, “Fanta”, “Kinley” tonic, “Fruittime”
12. Pepci-Co Pepsi
13. "7-Up", "Fiesta", "Mountain Dew"
14. Kellogg's breakfast cereals
15. Campbell Soups
16. Uncle Bens Mars Rice
17. Knorr sauces
18. Lipton tea
19. Parmalat cookies
20. Seasonings, mayonnaise, Hellman’s sauces
21. Seasonings, mayonnaise, Heinz sauces
22. Nestle baby food
23. Hipp
24. Abbot Labs Similac
25. Yogurt, kefir, cheese, Denon baby food
26. McDonald's (McDonald's) chain of fast food "restaurants"
27. Chocolate, chips, coffee, baby food Kraft (Kraft)
28. Ketchups, sauces. Heinz Foods
29. Baby food, Delmi products Unilever (Unilever)

Products whose preparation technology uses GMOs:

JSC "Nizhny Novgorod Oil and Fat Plant" (mayonnaise "Ryaba", "Vprok", etc.).
Products "Bonduelle" (Hungary) - beans, corn, green peas.
CJSC "Baltimore-Neva" (St. Petersburg) - ketchups.
CJSC "Mikoyanovsky Meat Processing Plant" (city) - pates, minced meat.
JSC UROP FOODS GB (Nizhny Novgorod region) - Galina Blanca soups.
Concern "White Ocean" (Moscow) - chips "Russian Potatoes".
OJSC "Lianozovsky Dairy Plant" (Moscow) - yoghurts, "Miracle Milk", "Miracle Chocolate".
OJSC "Cherkizovsky MPZ" (Moscow) - frozen minced meat.
LLC "Campina" (Moscow region) - yoghurts, baby food.
LLC "MK Gurman" (Novosibirsk) - pates.
Frito LLC (Moscow region) - Layz chips.
LLC "Ermann" (Moscow region) - yoghurts.
LLC "Unilever CIS" (city) - mayonnaise "Calve".
Factory "Bolshevik" (Moscow) - cookies "Jubilee".
"Nestlé" (Switzerland, Finland) - dry milk mixture "Nestogen", puree "Vegetables with beef".

Blacklist of producers of GMO products according to Greenpeace / Greenpeace / for 2011:

LLC "Daria - semi-finished products", LLC "Klinsky Meat Processing Plant", MPZ "Tagansky", MPZ "KampoMos", CJSC "Vichyunai", LLC "MLM-RA", LLC "Talosto-Products", LLC "Bogatyr" Sausage Plant, LLC "ROS Marie Ltd."

Manufacturer company Unilever: Lipton (tea), Brooke Bond (tea), "Conversation" (teas), Calve (mayonnaise, ketchup), Rama (butter), "Pyshka" (margarine), "Delmi" (mayonnaise, yogurt, margarine ), "Algida" (ice cream), Knorr (seasonings); Nestle manufacturing company: Nescafe (coffee and milk), Maggi (soups, broths, mayonnaise, Nestle (chocolate), Nestea (tea), Neseiulk (cocoa);

Kellog's manufacturer: Corn Flakes (cereals), Frosted Flakes (cereals), Rice Krispies (cereals), Corn Pops (cereals), Smacks (cereals), Froot Loops (colored cereal rings), Apple Jacks (apple flavored cereal rings) ), Afl-bran Apple Cinnamon/ Blueberry (apple, cinnamon, blueberry flavored bran), Chocolate Chip (chocolate chips), Pop Tarts (filled cookies, all flavors), Nulri grain (filled toast, all types), Crispix (cookies), All-Bran (cereals), Just Right Fruit & Nut (cereals), Honey Crunch Corn Flakes (cereals), Raisin Bran Crunch (cereals), Cracklin'Oat Bran (cereals);

Hershey's Manufacturing Company: Toblerone (chocolate, all types), Mini Kisses (candy), Kit-Kat (chocolate bar), Kisses (candy), Semi-Sweet Baking Chips (cookie), Milk Chocolate Chips (cookie), Reese's Peanut Butter Cups (peanut butter), Special Dark (dark chocolate), Milk Chocolate (milk chocolate), Chocolate Syrup (chocolate syrup), Special Dark Chocolate Syrup (chocolate syrup), Strawberry Syrup (strawberry syrup);

Mars manufacturing company: M&M'S, Snickers, Milky Way, Twix, Nestle, Crunch (chocolate rice cereal), Milk Chocolate Nestle (chocolate), Nesquik (chocolate drink), Cadbury (Cadbury/Hershey’s), Fruit & Nut;

Heinz manufacturing company: Ketchup (regular & no salt), Chili Sauce, Heinz 57 Steak Sauce;

Coca-Cola manufacturing company: Coca Cola, Sprite, Charry Cola, Minute Maid Orange, Minute Maid Grape;

Manufacturing company PepsiCo: Pepsi, Pepsi Cherry, Mountain Dew;

Frito Manufacturer - Lay / PepsiCo: (GM components may be contained in oil and other ingredients), Lays Potato Chips (all), Cheetos (all);

Manufacturing company Cadbury/Schweppes: 7-Up, Dr. Pepper;

Pringles manufacturing company Procter & Gamble: Pringles (chips with Original, LowFat, Pizzalicious, Sour Cream & Onion, Salt & Vinegar, Cheezeums flavors).

The same product manufacturing company can produce three categories of the same product:

The first is for domestic consumption (in industrialized countries);
the second - for export to other developed countries;
the third is for export to developing countries.

The third category includes about 80% of food, beverages, and tobacco products exported from the United States and countries. According to the UN Food Commission, some Western firms are expanding the export of goods that are not only environmentally hazardous, but also prohibited in developed countries.

Meanwhile, more than two hundred types of food additives are not approved for use in Russia due to the incompleteness of the testing package. Listing them would take too much space. We will name only those that are completely prohibited and absolutely harmful to humans:

E121 - citrus red dye,
E123 - red amaranth,
E240 - formaldehyde preservative.

The scorpion gene was used to create a drought-tolerant wheat variety.

Many scientists fear that GMOs increase the risk of food allergies, poisoning, mutations, promote the formation of tumors, and also cause resistance to antibiotics. It is possible that foreign DNA can accumulate in human internal organs and also enter the nuclei of embryonic cells, which can lead to congenital deformities and even fetal death.

Children under 4 years of age are at risk; they are least protected from the effects of foreign genes.

Allergenicity and toxicity

More than half of the transgenic proteins that provide plant resistance to insects, fungal and bacterial diseases are toxic and allergenic.

For example, the use of albumin, a gene from Brazil nut DNA, to create a GM soybean variety with improved amino acid composition led to a significant number of people suffering from exacerbation of allergic diseases.

Substances intended to control insects can block digestive tract enzymes not only in insects, but also in humans, and also affect the pancreas.

A number of transgenic varieties of corn and tomatoes that are resistant to insect pests produce lignin, a substance that prevents plant damage. It can decompose into toxic and mutagenic phenols and methanol. Therefore, an increase in lignin content in fruits and leaves of plants is dangerous for humans.

The most striking example of the toxicity of GMOs was the case of the Japanese Company Showa Denko K..K., which began to supply the market with the food additive GM tryptophan, believing that it was equivalent to an unmodified analogue. The GM amino acid caused the death of 37 people, and about one and a half thousand more were left disabled for life.

Carcinogenicity and mutagenicity

GMOs can become mutagenic and carcinogenic due to their ability to accumulate herbicides and their decomposition products. For example, the herbicide glyphosate, used in the cultivation of transgenic sugar beets and cotton, is a strong carcinogen and can cause lymphoma.

Some herbicides can have a negative effect on the survival and health of human embryos, as well as cause mutations.

As a result of intracellular processes, biologically active substances that can provoke the development of cancer accumulate in GM tobacco and rice varieties characterized by increased yield. Studies have shown that in rats fed with transgenic potatoes, the blood composition deteriorated, anomalies were detected in the size of internal organs, and almost all dead animals had small and large intestines.

Emergence of antibiotic resistance

Most GM crops, in addition to the genes that give them the desired properties, contain antibiotic resistance genes as markers. Common antibiotics such as ampicillin (respiratory tract infections, sinusitis and urinary tract infections) and kanamycin (tuberculosis, upper and lower respiratory tract infections) are used in food production. There is a danger that they can be transferred to pathogens, which can cause them to become resistant to antibiotics. In this case, traditional methods of treating inflammatory processes with antibiotics will be ineffective.

Resistance to a group of antibiotics that are used to treat lung infections, chlamydia and urinary tract infections in Spain and the Netherlands has reached 82%.

Proven: transgenic corn reduces reproduction

Austrian scientists conducted several long-term experiments that took about 20 weeks. One test showed that mice fed 33% of their diet with GM corn (variety NK 603 x MON 810) produced fewer babies in their third and fourth litters. The weight of the mice also became less. Animals fed regular corn had normal reproductive cycles.

According to study leader Professor Jürgen Zentek, a veterinary specialist at the University of Vienna, the statistical differences between the two groups of animals were significant, and this effect is most likely due to the diet of the mice.

The effects of this variety of GM corn on reproduction were a complete surprise. Previously, all commissions recognized it as absolutely safe, making a catastrophic mistake. Back in 2005, EFSA (European Food Standards Agency) gave the green light to this GM crop. According to the agency's report, "the NK603 x MON810 variety does not have any harmful effects on human or animal health." In light of new data, it is clear how imperfect the system for assessing the safety of GM products adopted by EFSA is.

This type of corn is approved for cultivation and consumption in many countries, including Argentina, Japan, and South Africa. In Russia, as well as in Mexico and the European Union, these varietal lines of GM corn are allowed to be added to food products for both humans and animals. The results of the study once again confirm that no one can guarantee the safety of food products containing GMOs.

The operating principle of genetic engineering is based on crossing genes that are incompatible in nature into one object. If selection crosses homogeneous plants, then genetics combines incompatible things: for example, a variety of tomatoes has been developed that are not afraid of the cold due to the fact that they contain the northern flounder gene. This technology makes it possible to obtain plants that are not susceptible to diseases and produce high yields. The attractiveness of genetically modified products in the eyes of producers is obvious: their cost is much lower than that of analogues grown without the use of genetics.

Genetically modified products: history of appearance

Transgenic products first appeared in the 80s of the last century in America and have since spread throughout the world. Initially, scientists pursued the goal of ridding humanity of hunger and feeding third world countries. The consequences turned out to be diametrically opposite: most African countries have long abandoned such products, restrictions have been introduced on them in Europe, and only in the United States are transgenic potatoes, soybeans, corn and other products widely consumed.

In our country the situation is no better. If in Europe it is easy for consumers to distinguish modified products due to their low price, then on the shelves of domestic stores, tomatoes with GMOs cost the same as regular vegetables. The import of products containing GMOs into Russia is also not prohibited.

The benefits and harms of GMOs

If it became known for sure that genetically modified products are harmful to health, they would already be banned in the United States. But for now there is a lot of controversy and little truth born from it.

Although the relationship between health status and the consumption of transgenic foods has not been proven, some facts make you think. Thus, in the USA, where most products contain GMOs, about 70% of the population suffers from allergies. Whereas in Sweden, where a ban on their use has been introduced, such patients are only about 7%. Of course, the reason for the spread of allergies in the United States may lie in something else (at least even in the climate), but many experts associate this specifically with GMOs.

Another negative to talk about the dangers of genetically modified products- This is a change in the intestinal microflora and gastric mucosa, due to which the body becomes less susceptible to the action of antibiotics. All this has an impact on, reducing it. The consequences can be very diverse, from frequent colds to cell mutations leading to oncology. So the benefits of genetically modified foods are quite questionable.

However, there is also harm. But we have one thing, but many products. There are plenty to choose from. So why eat questionable foods when there are many truly healthy and harmless ones? A list of genetically modified products—or rather, products that are more often modified—would be useful.

How to establish a healthy diet and exclude genetically modified foods from your diet.

It is unlikely that it will be possible to completely get rid of such products, since components that have undergone genetic engineering are included in many products. But it is quite possible to reduce their use.

To do this, it is necessary first of all avoid soy and products containing it- such as soy sauce, starch and, alas, delicious tofu cheese (after all, it was a good, healthy product until geneticists took up soy).

Imported corn is also undesirable on the table.

It is these products (soybeans and corn) that are genetically modified first.

The exception is Hungarian corn, where the cultivation of GM products is prohibited.

At the same time, sausages can also contain GMOs, since in addition to meat they also add the same soybeans. This is especially true for sausages and boiled sausage. Considering that the benefits of eating such products are quite doubtful, then best way to cook meat at home.

Potatoes are no less often subjected to genetic modification. It is quite easy to distinguish it: large, even, seemingly calibrated tubers appear on the market at a time when domestic young potatoes are at the ovary stage. It is best to purchase local potatoes - this guarantees the absence of GMOs in the tubers.

You need to look especially carefully at the appearance of fruits and vegetables. Nature does not provide ideal fruit sizes, while genetic engineering strives to achieve impeccable proportions. Such fruits and vegetables are stored for a long time and are not eaten by insects.

Quite often, soy is added to baked goods, as well as to sweets. Therefore, they can also be called genetically modified products. Therefore, widely advertised American-made chocolate bars can be harmful to health not only in terms of weight gain. The less often such delicacies appear on the table, the better.

Life is easier for people who eat a healthy diet: the problem of choice concerns only fruits and vegetables, because... There are no sausages, sausages, or sweet bars on their tables.

So, a short list of genetically modified products:

1. Soy products (soy meat, soy milk, Tofu cheese)
2. Inexpensive sausages, sausages
3. Many store-bought semi-finished products (frozen cutlets, dumplings, minced meat, etc.).
4. Chips
5. Imported corn (except Hungarian)
6. Popcorn (yes, it is often made from imported corn)
7. Sweet chocolate bars, inexpensive chocolate bars and candies (read the ingredients: if there is soy, don’t take it)
8. Ice cream (alas, the manufacturer also adds soy to ice cream - see the composition)
9. Seasoning mixtures in packets
10. There are widespread reports that rice is also increasingly genetically modified.
11. Peas are also starting to be modified, so imported green peas in cans are not very reliable in this sense, as are American and Argentine beans in packs.

Our specialists are especially proud of their potatoes, which kill Colorado potato beetles. For environmentalists, it is also the main irritant. Experts say that when rats eat transgenic potatoes, there is a change in blood composition, a change in the size of internal organs, and pathologies appear in much greater quantities than when eating regular potatoes.

It is believed that all GMO products that are on our shelves are imported from abroad. Maybe. But our companies produce products for consumption from foreign components.

According to the UN Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the following transgenic crops are registered in the world (in more than one country):

. 11 soybean lines
. 24 potato lines
. 32 lines of corn
. 3 sugar beet lines
. 5 lines of rice
. 8 tomato lines
. 32 lines of rapeseed
. 3 wheat lines
. 2 melon lines
. 1 line of chicory
. 2 papaya lines
. 2 lines of zucchini
. 1 line of flax
. 9 cotton lines

The following are widely grown: soybeans, corn, rapeseed and cotton.

According to Rospotrebnadzor of the Russian Federation, in 2004, compared to 2003, three times more samples (12,956 samples) of food raw materials and food products were examined for the presence of genetically modified sources (GMI). The largest number of samples containing GMI in absolute values in 2004 was detected in meat products - 946 (in 2003 - 272) and “other” products based on plant proteins - 466 (in 2003 - 129). GMIs were found in small quantities in bakery and flour and cereal products (44 samples), poultry and poultry products (29 samples), baby food products (13 samples) and canned food (13 samples).

In general, foods containing GMOs can be divided into three categories:

1. Products containing GM ingredients (mainly transgenic corn and soybeans). These additives are added to food products as structuring, sweetening, coloring agents, and also as substances that increase protein content.
2. Products of processing of transgenic raw materials (for example, soy curd, soy milk, chips, corn flakes, tomato paste).
3. Transgenic vegetables and fruits, and soon, possibly, animals directly consumed as food.

It is also useful to remember the names of some companies that, according to the state register, supply GM raw materials to their clients in Russia or are producers themselves:

Central Soya Protein Group, Denmark;
. BIOSTAR TRADE LLC, St. Petersburg;
. CJSC "Universal", Nizhny Novgorod;
. Monsanto Co., USA;
. "Protein Technologies International Moscow", Moscow;
. LLC "Agenda", Moscow;
. JSC "ADM-Food Products", Moscow;
. JSC "GALA", Moscow;
. ZAO Belok, Moscow;
. Dera Food Technology N.V., Moscow;
. Herbalife International of America, USA;
. OY FINNSOYPRO LTD, Finland;
. LLC "Salon Sport-Service", Moscow;
. "Intersoya", Moscow.

When purchasing products in a store, labels can indirectly determine the likelihood of GMO content in the product. If the label states that the product was made in the USA and contains soy, corn, canola or potatoes, there is a very high chance that it contains GM components.

Most soy-based products produced outside of Russia and not in the United States can also be transgenic. If the label proudly says “vegetable protein,” it is most likely soy and very likely transgenic.

GMOs can often be hidden behind E indexes. However, this does not mean that all E supplements contain GMOs or are transgenic. You just need to know which E can, in principle, contain GMOs or their derivatives.

This is primarily soy lecithin or lecithin E 322: binds water and fats together and is used as a fatty element in milk formulas, cookies, chocolate, riboflavin (B2) otherwise known as E 101 and E 101A, can be produced from GM- microorganisms. It is added to cereals, soft drinks, baby food and weight loss products. Caramel (E 150) and xanthan (E 415) can also be produced from GM grains.

Other additives that may contain GM components: E 153, E 160d, E 161c, E 308-9, E-471, E 472a, E 473, E 475, E 476b, E 477, E479a, E 570, E 572, E 573, E 620, E 621, E 622, E 633, E 624, E 625, E951.

Sometimes the names of additives are indicated on the labels only in words; you also need to be able to navigate them. Let's look at the most common components.

Soybean Oil: Used in sauces, spreads, cakes and deep-fried foods in fat form to add extra flavor and quality. Vegetable oil or vegetable fats: most often found in cookies, deep-fried foods such as chips. Maltodextrin: A type of starch that acts as a "priming agent" used in baby foods, powdered soups, and powdered desserts.
Glucose or glucose syrup: Sugar, which can be made from corn starch, is used as a sweetener. Found in drinks, desserts and fast food.
Dextrose: Like glucose, it can be produced from cornstarch. Used in cakes, chips and cookies to achieve a brown color. Also used as a sweetener in high-energy sports drinks.
Aspartame, aspasvit, aspamix: The sweetener, which can be produced using a GM bacterium, is restricted for use in a number of countries and is reported to have many complaints, mainly related to blackout syndrome, from consumers in the United States. Aspartame is found in carbonated water, diet sodas, chewing gum, ketchups, etc.

Many people believe that the label “modified starch” on a product means that the product contains GMOs. This even led to the fact that in 2002, the Legislative Assembly of the Perm Region, at its meeting, included yoghurts with modified starch in the list of GM products illegally distributed in the region. In fact, modified starch is produced chemically without the use of genetic engineering. But starch itself may be of genetically engineered origin if it was obtained from GM corn or GM potatoes.

During the inspection, the highest percentage of GM soybeans was found in boiled “Traditional Veal” sausage produced by the Cherkizovsky plant. GMIs were most often found in the products of the same manufacturer, as well as in the products of the company “DHV S” (trademark “Rollton”).

Among the manufacturers whose products contain GMOs were also:

. LLC "Daria - semi-finished products";
. LLC "Meat processing plant "Klinsky"";
. MPZ "Tagansky";
. MPZ "Campomos";
. CJSC "Vichunai";
. MLM-RA LLC;
. Tolsto-Products LLC;
. Ostankino MPK;
. LLC "Sausage plant "Bogatyr"";
. Rose Marie Ltd. LLC;
. ML "Mikoyanovsky";
. OJSC "Tsaritsyno";
. OJSC Lianozovo Sausage Plant.

Our favorite dumplings also turned out to be genetically modified, and specifically: “Dumplings without haste, pork and beef”, “Daria classic dumplings”, GMOs were found in “Tasty beef steaks”.

GMO - genetically modified products:

List of genetically modified products:

Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are being developed as biological weapons, a means of curbing population growth and a means of undermining the food security of countries.

So, first on the list:

Lipton tea
Coffee "Nescafe"

Modified coffee is now actively grown by the Nescafe company. So far, large plantations of this type of coffee are grown only in Vietnam.

List of GMOs:

Manufacturing company Unilever

Lipton (tea)
Brooke Bond (tea)
Conversation (tea)
Calve (mayonnaise, ketchup)
Rama (oil)
Pyshka (margarine)
Delmi (mayonnaise, yogurt, margarine)
Algida (ice cream)
Knorr (seasonings)

Manufacturing company Nestle

Nescafe (coffee and milk)
Maggi (soups, broths, mayonnaise, seasonings, mashed potatoes)
Nestle (chocolate)
Nestea (tea)
Nesquik (cocoa)

Manufacturing company Kellog's

Corn Flakes
Frosted Flakes (cereals)
Rice Krispies (cereals)
Corn Pops (cereals)
Smacks (cereals)
Froot Loops (colored ring flakes)
Apple Jacks (apple flavored cereal)
All-bran Apple Cinnamon/Blueberry (apple, cinnamon, blueberry flavored bran)
Chocolate Chip (chocolate chips)
Pop Tarts (filled cookies, all flavors)
Nutri-grain (toast with filling, all types)
Crispix (cookies)
Smart Start (cereals)
All-Bran (cereals)
Just Right Fruit & Nut (cereals)
Honey Crunch Corn Flakes
Raisin Bran Crunch (cereals)
Cracklin" Oat Bran (flakes)

Manufacturing company Hershey's

Toblerone (chocolate, all types)
Mini Kisses (candies)
Kit-Kat (chocolate bar)
Kisses (candies)
Semi-Sweet Baking Chips (cookies)
Milk Chocolate Chips (cookies)
Reese's Peanut Butter Cups (peanut butter)
Special Dark (dark chocolate)
Milk Chocolate (milk chocolate)
Chocolate Syrup (chocolate syrup)
Special Dark Chocolate Syrup (chocolate syrup)
Strawberry Syrop (strawberry syrup)

Manufacturing company Mars

M&M's
Snickers
Milky Way
Nestle
Crunch (chocolate rice cereal)
Milk Chocolate Nestle (chocolate)
Nesquik (chocolate drink)
Cadbury (Cadbury/Hershey's)
Fruit & Nut

Manufacturing company Heinz

Ketchup (regular & no salt)
Chili Sauce
Heinz 57 Steak Sauce

Hellman's manufacturing company

Real Mayonnaise (mayonnaise)
Light Mayonnaise (mayonnaise)
Low-Fat Mayonnaise (mayonnaise)

Coca-Cola manufacturing company

Coca-Cola
Sprite
Cherry Coca
Minute Maid Orange
Minute Maid Grape

Manufacturing company PepsiCo

Pepsi
Pepsi Cherry
Mountain Dew

Manufacturer Frito-Lay/PepsiCo (GM components may be contained in oil and other ingredients)

Lays Potato Chips (all)
Cheetos (all) (chips)

Manufacturing company Cadbury/Schweppes

7-Up
Dr. Pepper

Pringles manufacturing company (Procter&Gamble)

Pringles (chips with Original, Low Fat, Pizza-licious, Sour Cream & Onion, Salt & Vinegar, Cheezeums flavors)

Honey can be collected from genetically modified plants.

There is a high frequency of information that bees cannot pollinate genetically modified buckwheat. So there is one.

Rice. In general, it is better to buy not anonymous varieties of plant products, but quite specific ones. For example, Basmati rice. There is a high probability that in this case the product will not be GMO.

Anonymous rice, as well as Chinese or Taiwanese rice, is most likely transgenic.

Russia is one of the main importers of this product from China. However, according to environmentalists, the Chinese have been producing GM rice unofficially for two years and exporting it.

Environmentalists reported that genetically modified rice was being grown illegally in China back in April. “In the spring of 2005, Greenpeace took rice samples obtained from supply companies, farmers and millers from China for genetic testing in the German Genescan laboratory,” Greenpeace Russia press secretary Maya Kolikova told NI. - It turned out that more than 2/3 of the samples (19 out of 25) were genetically modified.

When interviewing farmers and grain suppliers from China, we found out that for more than two years, transgenic rice has been illegally grown and actively sold both within the country and abroad.”

The situation, according to environmentalists, is aggravated by the fact that the Chinese government is considering the possibility of legalizing the industrial production of GM rice. The Greens believe that the Russians will suffer the most from the actions of the Chinese authorities - product supplies from this country account for more than 60% of our total rice imports.

However, in this matter there are not only disadvantages, but also advantages. After all, until now, rice supplied to Russia was formally considered unmodified, and no checks were carried out for the content of GMI in it. Therefore, no one can say how many transgenes we have already eaten and will still eat. If the consumer has information about where the rice comes from, he will be able to decide for himself whether to buy this product or not.

Environmentalists, however, see the problem not so much in the cereal itself, which can really be abandoned, but in the distribution of products with the addition of rice flour, including many for children - milk formula and cereals, noodles, and semi-finished products. Manufacturers, as a rule, do not indicate the country where the ingredients come from.

I would like to point out that "Indica", the term that can be found on packs of rice, is not the original name of any strain. It just means long grain rice. It could also be from China.

Attention! Traits of transgenic vegetables and fruits.

Is it possible to distinguish modified fruits and vegetables from natural ones?

Excessively clean potato tubers that differ little from each other or perfectly shaped tomatoes are a reason to think. After all, a sure sign of natural products is the presence in the total mass of “eaten” by insects and rotten specimens. Insects never eat GM products! If you cut a natural tomato or strawberry, they will immediately give juice; unnatural ones retain their shape.

The most famous products containing GM ingredients:

(according to Greenpeace)

1. Snickers chocolate bars
2. Pepsi
3. Maggi Seasonings
4. Pringles chips

Vegetable counters are filled with “Volgograd” tomatoes, like twins similar to Turkish ones. It turns out that in Volgograd, for several years now, only imported “plastic” varieties without taste and smell have been grown on a mass scale.

I wouldn't be at all surprised if they turn out to be GMO. I stopped buying tomatoes of these varieties, and I rarely bought them before.

From the article by E. Yakusheva “What are transgenic products?”:

Currently, 90% of transgenic food exports are corn and soybeans. Popcorn, which is sold on the streets everywhere, is 100% made from GM corn, and there is still no corresponding labeling on it. Soy products from North America or Argentina are 80% GM products.

GM foods are attractive to retailers. For example, genetically modified vegetables and fruits are 4-5 times cheaper than their natural counterparts.

From the book of Liniza Zhuvanovna Zhalpanova:

"Foods That Kill You":

Transgenic products are purchased by Russia from other countries with the permission of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation. According to statistics, about 70% of imported products are made from genetically modified raw materials. These products include: soy products, flour, chocolate, chocolate bars, wine, baby food, milk powder, milk, kefir, yogurt, cottage cheese, carbonated drinks, canned corn and tomatoes, corn oil, cookies, starch, soy protein, soybean oil, soy sauce, lecithin, cottonseed oil, syrups, tomato sauces, coffee and coffee drinks, popcorn, breakfast cereals, etc.

It is assumed that some imported beer also contains genetically modified molecules taken over by the drink from modified yeast.

According to the National Association of Genetic Safety, about 1/3 of all products on the Russian market contain genetically modified components.

Greenpeace Handbook "How to Avoid Using Products with Genetically Modified Ingredients (GM Products)?"

The directory contains lists of food enterprises, divided into three categories (green, orange and red lists) according to the criterion of the presence of GM components in products.

The New Year's menu often includes canned store-bought vegetables. But canned corn and green peas are highly undesirable. They are GMO.

According to a month and a half study, our food is simply crammed with genetically modified organisms. Moreover, the most popular food in our area is sausages, dumplings, dry soups, canned vegetables, chocolates.

Environmentalists (Greenpeace and the All-Ukrainian Environmental League) categorically include in this list the products of the most famous brands - Coca-Cola, Pepsi, Nestle, Gallina Blanka, Knorr, Lipton, Bonduel. A full list of companies that have confirmed that their products may contain GM ingredients or have not denied their use can be found at www.ecoleague.net.

“The results of the study showed that in 18 out of 42 randomly selected food products the content of genetically modified soybeans exceeded 3 percent,” said Mikhail Mukharovsky, general director of Ukrmetrteststandart. “At the same time, the composition of nine of them did not indicate the presence of soy protein at all.”

Bonduel is therefore blacklisted!

I understand that the reliability of what is included in the list is not guaranteed, since the sources of information may be dubious. But otherwise I have practically no way to keep such a list at all.

Orchard, Rich puree - genetically modified products.

By the way, the very first genetically modified product on the market is a food banana, any banana at that (to increase productivity, it has, roughly speaking, a duplicated set of chromosomes).

If we talk about a banana: artificially induced polyploidy is also a form of genetic modification (because the chromosome set becomes larger compared to the original organism), most importantly, it is cheap and cheerful. But journalists have not yet learned to scare people with it.

The Mistral company probably deliberately does not mark on the packs the country of origin of the cereals and legumes that are packaged in them. The fact is that she appeared in the sale of American crops, which, most likely, are genetically modified. “Basmati Rice” is also not labeled. Unfortunately, as I only found out today, it is highly likely that he may be transgenic. From the book “Seeds of Destruction: The Secret Behind Genetic Manipulation,” by William F. Engdahl:

Texas biotech company RiceTech has decided it will receive patent payments on Basmati rice, a variation that has been a daily staple in India, Pakistan and Asia for thousands of years. In 1998, RiceTech patented genetically modified Basmati rice, and thanks to American laws prohibiting the labeling of genetic products, RiceTech was able to sell it legally, labeling it as regular Basmati rice. It turned out that RiceTech, through dubious means, had obtained precious Basmati seeds, which were deposited at the Rockefeller Foundation International Rice Research Institute in the Philippines (RIRIP). (10)

In the name of “security,” MRRI duplicated a priceless collection of rice seeds collected in the Philippines and stored it in a seed bank in Fort Collins, Colorado, making the very dubious promise that the seeds would be stored as a safe seed supply for farmers in the rice regions. MRID convinced farmers that sharing their invaluable finds in MRID rice seed varieties would serve their own safety.

In Colorado, far from the Philippines, MNIIR transferred valuable seeds (without which RiceTek might not have made its patented genetic modifications) to RiceTek researchers, who immediately patented everything possible. They knew it was highly illegal: Even in Texas, rice researchers know that Basmati rice does not typically grow on the dusty plains around Crawford, Texas. (eleven)

RiceTek, in collusion with MNIIR, stole seeds for its patent. In addition, according to carefully developed rules established by the Rockefeller Foundation, although seeds from a gene bank cannot be patented, any man-made improved variation based on them can be patented.

The variety "Jasmine" also has a GM modification.

From the article “Transgenic “Senior Tomato” and Dolly the Sheep…”:

You can delay the ripening of already collected fruits by placing them in special conditions. Using carbon dioxide, the effect of ethylene released by fruits is blocked. These properties are manipulated by traders transporting bananas, citrus fruits, as well as vegetables - and tomatoes in particular. They are harvested green and treated with ethylene along the way, causing artificial ripening. Such fruits and vegetables lose their taste and ripen unevenly. And it’s easy to verify this. For example, the tomatoes that we buy at the market are red on the outside but white on the inside. The delay in ripening is also due to the fact that most of the tomatoes that we sell are imported from Turkey, and they are all transgenic. Even on the boxes in which they are packed it is written: TRANSGEN.

Excerpts from the book by Mikhail Efremov: “Caution! Harmful products!

Additives with a high degree of likelihood of containing GI components:

E-153 - Vegetable Carbon (vegetable coal);

E-160d - Annatto, Bixin, Norbixin (annatto, bixin, norbixin);

E-161c - Paprika extract, Capsanthin, Capsorubin (paprika extract, capsanthin, capsorubin);

E-308 - Synthetic Gamma-tocopherol (synthetic y-tocopherol);

E-309 - Synthetic Delta-tocopherol (synthetic d-tocopherol);

E-471 - Mono- and Diglycerides of Fatty Acids (mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids);

E-472a - Acetic Acid Esters of Mono- and Diglycerides of Fatty Acids (esters of mono- and diglycerides of acetic fatty acids);

E-473 - Sucrose Esters of Fatty Acids (esters of sucrose and fatty acids);

E-475 - Polyglycerol Esters of Fatty Acids (esters of polyglycerides and fatty acids);

E-476 - Polyglycerol Polyricinoleate (polyglycerol polyglycerol oleates);

E-477 - Propane-1, 2-diol Esters of Fatty Acids (propane-1, 2-diol esters of fatty acids);

E-479b - Thermally Oxideized Soya Bean Oll Interacted with Mono- and Diglycerides of Fatty Acids (thermally oxidized soybean and bean oil with mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids);

E-570 - Fatty Acids (fatty acids);

E-951 - Aspartame (aspartame, or nutrosvit).

Additives based on GM components:

Riboflavin (B2) otherwise known as E 101 and E 101A, made from GM microorganisms, is approved for sale in a number of countries. It is added to cereals, soft drinks, baby food and weight loss products. Caramel (E 150) and xanthan (E 415) can be produced from the grain.

Lecithin (E 322) is produced from soybeans, which can be genetically modified. This soybean is used, in particular, by Neslte in its chocolate, baby food and other products. Other additives that may contain GM components: E 153, E 160 d, E 161 c, E 308-9, E-471, E 472a, E 473, E 475, E 476 b, E 477, E479 a, E 570, E 572, E 573, E 620, E 621, E 622, E 633, E 624, E 625.

I would like to emphasize that food additives for any purpose (technological, to “improve” consumer qualities) can also be included in dietary supplements. Therefore, it is important to know which food additives are prohibited or dangerous.

I saw how dairy production works. I just don’t really want to drink milk after that.

And only raw cow's milk can be consumed. You can make yogurt from store-bought milk, and not from just any kind, but preferably from the one that says that it is made from natural (whole) cow's milk (its fat content is usually indicated as 3.4-6%). It is not worth drinking such milk in its pure form, because it is pasteurized and if it is consumed regularly, after a while the joints will begin to ache - most likely due to the deposition of inorganic calcium in them, which appears during pasteurization (transfers from an organically bound form to an inorganic one) . But you can make curdled milk from it - it turns out quite well and does not cause any problems.

But any milk normalized by fat content is real poison. And even curdled milk from such milk is not very good, except from milk with a fat content of no more than 1% - lactobacilli can at least cope with such concentrations of modified milk fat.

GMO - manufacturing company:

Catbury
Mars
Snickers
Twix
Milky Way
Uncle Bans
Coca Cola
Sprite
7up
Pepsi
Nestlé
Knorr
Lipton
Parmalat (cookies)
Similak (baby food)
Potatoes (from Monsant USA)

LIST OF INTERNATIONAL PRODUCERS NOTICED USING GMOs:

''Greenpeace'' has published a list of companies that use GMOs in their products. Interestingly, these companies behave differently in different countries, depending on the legislation of a particular country.
In total, more than 120 names (brands) of GMO products are registered in Russia, according to voluntary registration data and a special register of products imported from abroad. Among the manufacturers whose products contain GMOs are:
LLC ''Daria - semi-finished products'', LLC ''Klinsky Meat Processing Plant'', MPZ ''Tagansky'', MPZ ''CampoMos'', CJSC ''Vichyunay'', LLC ''MLM-RA'', LLC '' Talostoproducts, LLC Bogatyr Sausage Plant, LLC ROS Mari Ltd.
Manufacturer company Unilever: Lipton (tea), Brooke Bond (tea), ''Conversation'' (teas), Calve (mayonnaise, ketchup), Rama (butter), ''Pyshka'' (margarine), ''Delmi'' (mayonnaise, yogurt, margarine), ''Algida'' (ice cream), Knorr (seasonings); Nestle manufacturing company: Nescafe (coffee and milk), Maggi (soups, broths, mayonnaise, Nestle (chocolate), Nestea (tea), Neseiulk (cocoa);
Kellog's manufacturer: Corn Flakes, Frosted Flakes, Rice Krispies, Corn Pops, Smacks, Froot Loops, Apple Jacks apple flavor), Afl-bran Apple Cinnamon/Blueberry (bran with apple, cinnamon, blueberry flavor), Chocolate Chip (chocolate chips), Pop Tarts (cookies with filling, all flavors), Nulri grain (toast with filling, all types) , Crispix (cookies), All-Bran (cereals), Just Right Fruit & Nut (cereals), Honey Crunch Corn Flakes (cereals), Raisin Bran Crunch (cereals), Cracklin'Oat Bran (cereals);
Hershey's Manufacturing Company: Toblerone (chocolate, all types), Mini Kisses (candies), Kit-Kat (chocolate bar), Kisses (candies), Semi-Sweet Baking Chips (cookies), Milk Chocolate Chips (cookies), Reese 's Peanut Butter Cups (peanut butter), Special Dark (dark chocolate), Milk Chocolate milk chocolate), Chocolate Syrup (chocolate syrup), Special Dark Chocolate Syrup (chocolate syrup), Setoawberry Syrup (strawberry syrup);
Mars manufacturing company: M&M'S, Snickers, Milky Way, Twix, Nestle, Crunch (chocolate rice cereal), Milk Chocolate Nestle (chocolate), Nesquik (chocolate drink), Cadbury (Cadbury/Hershey's), Fruit
Heinz manufacturing company: Ketchup (regular&no salt), Chili Sauce, Heinz 57 Steak Sauce;
Coca-Cola manufacturing company: Coca Cola, Sprite, Cherry Cola, Minute Maid Orange, Minute Maid Grape;
Manufacturing company PepsiCo: Pepsi, Pepsi Cherry, Mountain Dew;
Manufacturer Frito-Lay / PepsiCo: (GM components may be contained in oil and other ingredients), Lays Potato Chips (all), Cheetos (all);
Manufacturing company Cadbury/Schweppes:7-Up, Dr. Pepper;
Pringles manufacturing company Procter&Gamble: Pringles (chips with Original, LowFat, Pizzalicious, Sour Cream&Onion, Salt&Vinegar, Cheezeums flavors).
1 Hershey’s Cadbury Fruit&Nut chocolate products
2 Mars M&M
3 Snickers
4 Twix
5 Milky Way
6 Cadbury chocolate, cocoa
7 Ferrero
8 Nestle chocolate ''Nestlé'', ''Russia''
9 Nestle Nesquik chocolate drink
10 Soft drink Sosa-Cola ‘‘Coca-Cola’’ Sosa-Cola
11 ''Sprite'', ''Fanta'', ''Kinley'' tonic, ''Fruittime''
12 Pepci-Co Pepsi 13 ''7-Up'', ''Fiesta'', ''Mountain Dew''
14 Kellogg's breakfast cereals
15 Campbell Soups
16 Uncle Bens Mars Rice
17 Knorr Sauces
18 Lipton Tea
19 Parmalat cookies
20 Seasonings, mayonnaise, Hellman’s sauces
21 Seasonings, mayonnaises, Heinz sauces
22 Nestle baby food
23 Hipp
24 Abbot Labs Similac
25 Yogurts, kefir, cheese, Danon baby food
26 McDonald's (McDonald's) chain of fast food restaurants
27 chocolate, chips, coffee, baby food Kraft (Kraft)
28 ketchups, sauces. Heinz Foods
29 baby food, Delmi products Unilever (Unilever)