There are five houses in one row. Einstein's riddle - prove that you can do it too! Einstein's square problem

There are five houses of different colors: red, green, white, yellow and blue. Each is inhabited by people of different nationalities: German, Swedish, Danish, Norwegian and English. Each of them drinks one type of drink, smokes one brand of cigarettes and owns one pet. Each of them is unique within the group (drink, brand of cigarettes, animal is not repeated!).

Question: who keeps the fish if:

1. The Englishman lives in a red house;

2. The Swede is holding a dog;

3. The Dane drinks tea;

4. The green house is to the left of the white one, and its tenant is drinking coffee;

5. Camel smoker holding a bird;

6. The resident of the house in the middle drinks milk;

7. The tenant of the yellow house smokes Dunhill;

8. A Norwegian lives in the first house;

9. A Marlboro smoker lives next to the cat owner;

10. The horse owner lives next to the Dunhill smoker”;

11. The Kent smoker drinks beer;

12. Norwegian's house - next to the blue house;

13. The German smokes Rothmans;

14. A Marlboro smoker lives next to someone who drinks water.

Answer

However, there is no evidence that Einstein or Carroll came up with the problem. Moreover, the problem statement below mentions brands of cigarettes, such as Kools, that did not exist during Carroll's lifetime or during Einstein's childhood.

Some attribute to Einstein a reasoning in which he claims that only two percent of the world's population is able to mentally operate with patterns associated with five signs at once. As a particular consequence of this, the above puzzle can be solved without the use of paper only by those who belong to these two percent. However, there is no documentary evidence that Einstein ever made such a claim.

In its most difficult version, the problem involves solving it in your head, without the use of any notes or means of storing information. Without these restrictions, the puzzle noticeably loses in complexity, since it can be solved by simply drawing up a table with the elimination of obviously contradictory options, and, therefore, says little about the abilities of the subject.

Original problem text

Here is the first known published version of the puzzle, which appeared in the English magazine in the December 17, 1962 issue. The issue of March 25, 1963 contained the answer below and a list of several hundred names of readers who correctly solved the problem.

1. There are five houses on the street.
2. The Spaniard has a dog.
3. They drink coffee in the green house.
4. A Ukrainian drinks tea.
5. The green house is located immediately to the right of the white house.
6. Anyone who smokes Old Gold breeds snails.
7. They smoke Kools in the yellow house.
8. In the central house they drink milk.
9. The Norwegian lives in the first house.
10. The neighbor of the one who smokes Chesterfield keeps a fox.
11. In the house next door to the one where the horse is kept, they smoke Kools.
12. Anyone who smokes Lucky Strike drinks orange juice.
13. The Japanese smokes Parliament.

Who drinks water? Who's holding the zebra?

For the sake of clarity, it should be added that each of the five houses is painted a different color, and their residents are of different nationalities, own different animals, drink different drinks and smoke different brands of American cigarettes. One more note: in statement 6, on right means to the right relative to You.

Original text(English)

1. There are five houses.
2. The Englishman lives in the red house.
3. The Spaniard owns the dog.
4. Coffee is drunk in the green house.
5. The Ukrainian drinks tea.
6. The green house is immediately to the right of the ivory house.
7. The Old Gold smoker owns snails.
8. Kools are smoked in the yellow house.
9. Milk is drunk in the middle house.
10. The Norwegian lives in the first house.
11. The man who smokes Chesterfields lives in the house next to the man with the fox.
12. Kools are smoked in the house next to the house where the horse is kept.
13. The Lucky Strike smoker drinks orange juice.
14. The Japanese smokes Parliaments.
15. The Norwegian lives next to the blue house.

Now, who drinks water? Who owns the zebra?

In the interest of clarity, it must be added that each of the five houses is painted a different color, and their inhabitants are of different national extractions, own different pets, drink different beverages and smoke different brands of American cigarettes. One other thing: in statement 6, right means your right.

The original condition omits some essential details, in particular that the houses are located in a row.

Since the condition does not say that anyone drinks water or holds a zebra, these statements are assumed to be implicit premises, as is customary in such logical problems. Otherwise, the response will be “Insufficient data.”

Premise 12 in the original is not formulated entirely correctly. It should read "Kools are smoked in a house next to the house where the horse is kept", not " the house", since in this case "the" implies that next to the house in which the horse is kept there is only one house, from which, in turn, it follows that the house with the horse is either the far left or the far right. And this ultimately leads to a contradiction.

Solution

Here are deductive steps that can be followed to arrive at a solution. The essence of the method is to try to enter known relationships into the table, consistently eliminating impossible options. Key conclusions are in italics.

Step 1

According to the condition, the Norwegian lives in the first house (10). It does not matter where - left or right - the numbering is carried out. We are only interested in the order of the houses, not the direction in which they are numbered.

From (10) and (15) it follows that the second house is blue. What color is the first house? Not green and not white, because they must stand next to each other (this follows from the 6th premise and the fact that the 2nd house is blue). Not red, because an Englishman lives there.

What color is the first house? It cannot be either green or white, because houses of these two colors must be located next to each other (3). It cannot be red either, because an Englishman lives in a red house (2). That's why first house yellow.

It follows that in the first house they smoke Kools (8), and in the second house they keep a horse (12).

What does the Norwegian who lives in the first, yellow house and smokes Kools drink? This is not tea, because tea is drunk by Ukrainians (5). And not coffee, because they drink coffee in a green house (4). And not the milk that is drunk in the third house (9). And not orange juice, because the person who drinks the juice is smoking Lucky Strike (13). Therefore, the Norwegian drinks water, and this is the answer to the first question of the riddle.

Step 2

Then what are they smoking in the second, blue house, where, as we know, they keep a horse?

This is not the Kools they smoke in the first house (8). And not Old Gold, since whoever smokes them is a snail farmer (7).

Let's say that they smoke Lucky Strikes in it, which means that they drink orange juice here (13). In that case, who can live here? This is not Norwegian - he lives in the first house (10). Not an Englishman - his house is red (2). Not a Spaniard, because a Spaniard keeps a dog (3). Not Ukrainian, because Ukrainian drinks tea (5). And not the Japanese who smokes Parliament (14). Since this situation is impossible, it is not Lucky Strike that is smoked in the second house.

Suppose that Parliament is smoked in the second house, which means that a Japanese person lives here (14). In that case, what is he drinking? Not tea, because tea is drunk by Ukrainians (5). Not coffee - they drink coffee in a green house (4). Not milk - milk is drunk in the third house (9). And not juice, because juice is drunk by the person who smokes Lucky Strike (13). So, this situation is also impossible, and it is not Parliament that is smoked in the second house.

Hence, in the second house they smoke Chesterfield.

What nationality is the person who lives in the second, blue house, prefers Chesterfield and owns a horse? This is not a Norwegian - he is in the first house (10). Not an Englishman - he is in the red house (2). Not a Spaniard - a Spaniard has a dog (3). Non-Japanese - Japanese smokes Parliament (14). This means that a Ukrainian lives in the second house and, as follows from (5), drinks tea!

Step 3

Since Chesterfields are smoked in the second house, then from (11) we know that the fox is kept either in the first or in the third house.

Let's first assume that the fox is in the third house. In that case, what does the person who smokes Old Gold and raises snails (7) drink? We have already excluded water and tea in previous steps. He also cannot drink juice because the juice is being drunk by a person who smokes Lucky Strike (13). Milk is also not suitable - it is drunk in the third house (9), where, as we assumed, the fox is kept. What remains is coffee, which, according to the agreement, is drunk in the green house (4).

So, if a fox is kept in the third house, then in the green house there lives a person who smokes Old Gold, breeds snails and drinks coffee. Who is this man? He is not Norwegian - Norwegian in the first house (10). The non-Ukrainian drinks tea (5). Not an Englishman - he lives in a red house (2). Not Japanese - he smokes Parliament (14). And not a Spaniard - a Spaniard has a dog (3).

This situation is impossible. From which it follows that the fox is kept in the first house, and not in the third.

Step 4

From all of the above it follows that coffee and orange juice are drunk in the fourth and fifth houses. It doesn't matter which drink is in which house; Let’s just call them “the house where they drink juice” and “the house where they drink coffee.”

So where does the man who smokes Old Gold and raises snails live? Not in a house where they drink juice, because that's where they smoke Lucky Strike (13).

Suppose he lives in a house where they drink coffee. Then the person who smokes Old Gold, breeds snails and drinks coffee lives in a green (4) house. Again, for the same reasons as in step 3, this is not possible.

This means that the person who smokes Old Gold and breeds snails lives in the third house.

It follows that Parliament smokes in the green house where they drink coffee, and a Japanese man lives there (14). This means that a Spaniard is someone who drinks orange juice, smokes Lucky Strikes and owns a dog. Continuing this reasoning, we come to the conclusion that an Englishman should live in the third house, and this house is red. By the method of elimination we find that the Spaniard's house is white.

Now we have filled in all the blanks except one, and it is obvious that the zebra is being held by a Japanese man.

Answer

Comment

The above solution implicitly assumed that the first house is the one on the far left. If we assume that the first house is the one on the far right, we get a slightly different situation, but the same answer. The Norwegian is still drinking water, and the Japanese is holding a zebra.

Other formulations of the problem conditions

There are many different options for problem conditions. In some of them, the first premise of the original condition is specified separately or implied implicitly, and instead of it another one is introduced, which often facilitates the solution of the problem. Instead of two questions, they often leave one, for example, “Who breeds fish?” Sometimes, instead of brands of cigarettes, vehicles or names of plants are indicated. The nationalities of the five people mentioned also change. For example, a very common option on the Internet is the following:

On one street there are five houses in a row, each with its own color. Each one contains a person, all five are of different nationalities. Each person prefers a unique brand of cigarette, drink and pet. Besides:

1. The Norwegian lives in the first house.
2. An Englishman lives in a red house.
3. The green house is to the left of the white one, next to it.
4. The Dane is drinking tea.
5. Someone who smokes Marlboro lives next to someone who raises cats.
6. The one who lives in the yellow house smokes Dunhill.
7. The German smokes Rothmans.
8. The one who lives in the center drinks milk.
9. The neighbor who smokes Marlboro drinks water.
10. Anyone who smokes Pall Mall raises birds.
11. The Swede raises dogs.
12. A Norwegian lives next to the blue house.
13. The one who raises horses lives in a blue house.
14. Anyone who smokes Winfield drinks beer.
15. They drink coffee in the green house.

Who breeds fish?

There are also interpretations of the problem conditions online, in which the green and white houses are located to the left or right of each other, but not necessarily next to each other. Such a condition makes sense only when some additional data is specified, for example, when the direction of house numbering is explicitly specified. Otherwise, it will not be possible to obtain an unambiguous solution.

Einstein's riddle– famous , which was compiled Albert Einstein. By the way, perhaps this is not so, but it is not so important to us who composed this riddle, only the riddle itself and the verification of our logical abilities. Still, if we stick to the sources that claim that it was compiled by Einstein, then according to them the riddle was invented by him as a child. Many claim that he composed this puzzle to select candidates for positions that require good logical thinking.

Many of us have heard this phrase about Einstein's riddle: “Only 2% of people can solve it”. This is not entirely true, or rather this expression needs to be supplemented. Maybe in fact only a fiftieth of the population will be able to solve it, but without using paper and pen (or things that can replace them). In fact, for a clean solution to this problem, we should only have at our disposal our memory and logic. If you use any additional methods of memorization (pen, paper), then the riddle loses the lion’s share of complexity - but for some reason I don’t want to rack my brain, so when I first read this riddle, I immediately grabbed the piece of paper)

Single version Einstein's riddles not now, there are many variations of it. I will give as an example the most famous version of Einstein's Riddle.

Conditions of Einstein's Riddle.

• On the street - five houses.
• At every home - your color.
• In every house - 1 person lives.
• Every person - own nationality.
• Everyone prefers to smoke a unique brand of cigarettes, drink your own drink and keep animals.

Well, we're done with the introduction - now let's move on to the tips (well, it's just amazing how simple the tips are)

1. Norwegian lives in first home.
2. Englishman lives in red home.
3. Green the house is to the left of white, next to him.
4. Dane drinks tea.
5. The one who smokes Marlboro, lives next to someone who grows cats.
6. The one who lives in yellow at home, smoking Dunhill.
7. German smokes Rothmans.
8. The one who lives in the center, drinks milk.
9. Neighbour someone who smokes Marlboro, drinks water.
10. The one who smokes Pall Mall, grows birds.
11. Swede grows dogs.
12. Norwegian lives near With blue home.
13. The one who grows horses, lives in blue home.
14. The one who smokes Winfield, drinks beer.
15. IN green drinking at home coffee.

The question is for Einstein's riddle sounds like this: Who breeds fish? Ha! You might think, but no; not so simple. While we are determining who breeds fish we will almost find out the biography of each participant in the puzzle, and with the very last action we will still be able to determine who this one is after all fish lover. (no, they would have asked the question: in which house does the Norwegian live? (:)

Well? gathered your will into a fist, grabbed a pen with a piece of paper (or maybe you can try it in your head?) and forward: for the answer to Einstein's riddle.

Einstein's Riddle is a famous logical problem attributed to Albert Einstein.

It is believed that this puzzle was created by Albert Einstein during his childhood. There is also an opinion that it was used by Einstein to test candidate assistants for logical thinking ability.

Some attribute to Einstein a reasoning in which he claims that only two percent of the world's population is able to mentally operate with patterns associated with five signs at once. As a particular consequence of this, the above puzzle can be solved without the use of paper only by those who belong to these two percent. However, there is no documented evidence that Einstein ever made such a claim.

In its most difficult version, the problem involves solving it in your head, without using any notes or means of storing information. Without this, the puzzle noticeably loses in complexity, since it can be solved by simply drawing up a table with the exclusion of obviously contradictory options - and therefore says little about the abilities of the subject."

5 different people in 5 different houses of different colors, smoking 5 different brands of cigarettes, raising 5 different types of animals, drinking 5 different types of drinks.

Question: who raises the fish?

Tips:

• The Norwegian lives in the first house.
• The Englishman lives in a red house.
• The green house is located to the left of the white one.
• The Dane drinks tea.
• The one who smokes Rothmans lives next to the one who
• raises cats.
• The one who lives in the yellow house smokes Dunhill.
• The German smokes Marlboro.
• The neighbor of the one who smokes Rothmans drinks water.
• Anyone who smokes Pall Mall raises birds.
• The Swede raises dogs.
• Anyone who smokes Philip Morris drinks beer.
• They drink coffee in the green house.

The solution of the problem

So, we have 25 positions that need to be filled with the following data:

• Nationality: Norwegian, English, Danish, German, Swedish.
• House color: Red, Green, White, Yellow, Blue.
• Cigarette brand: Rothmans, Dunhill, Marlborough, Pell Mell, Philip Morris.
• Animal: Cats, Birds, Dogs, Horses, Fish.
• Drink: Tea, Milk, Water, Beer, Coffee.

Basically, we need to fill out the following table:

From the hints, we immediately fill in a number of table cells:

• The Norwegian lives in the first house.
• A Norwegian lives next to the blue house.
• The one who raises horses lives in a blue house.
• The one who lives in the center drinks milk.

Since an Englishman lives in a red house, it means that a Norwegian cannot live in a red house. Equally, a Norwegian cannot live in blue. He cannot live in a white one either, since the green house is to the left of the white one, and the Norwegian’s house is the farthest to the left. He also cannot live in green, since there is a white house to the right of the green one, and a blue one to the right of the Norwegian. So he lives in yellow. Hence we conclude that the Norwegian smokes Dunhill.

Further, since the green house is located to the left of the white one, it means that its number is either 3 or 4. However, in the third, middle, house they drink milk, and in the green house they drink coffee - which means the number of the green house = 4. This means that we have a white house goes at number 5, and red goes at number 3. An Englishman lives here. They drink coffee in the 4th house.

Further, since a German smokes Marlboro, he does not smoke Philip Morris, and therefore does not drink beer. He also does not drink the milk that an Englishman drinks. He doesn’t drink tea either—that’s what the Dane does. This means that a German drinks either water or coffee. A Norwegian cannot drink beer (he smokes other cigarettes), milk (he is not an Englishman), coffee (he does not live in a green house), tea (he is not a Dane). So the Norwegian drinks water, and then the German drinks coffee, and lives in a green house. Plus, don’t forget that the German smokes Marlboro. And since a Norwegian drinks our water, his neighbor (second home) smokes Rothmans.

Since a Swede raises dogs here, he cannot live in the second house (they raise horses there), which means he lives in the fifth house (white). So in the second house there lives a Dane who drinks tea.

Since the Pell Mell smoker raises birds, he is not a Swede, which means he is an Englishman. Consequently, the Swede smokes Philip Morris and drinks beer.

And now we have one last clue:

• Someone who smokes Rothmans lives next to someone who raises cats.

Rothmans smokes a Dane who lives in the second house. To his right lives an Englishman who raises birds, which means that the Dane’s second neighbor (on the left), a Norwegian, raises these cats. And then the fish are raised by a German. The answer has been found.

ANSWER: The fish are raised by a German!

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Not everyone knows, but even before becoming a great scientist, Einstein came up with one unusual problem. He believed that 98% of the inhabitants of the Earth are not able to solve it in their heads. Are you one of the remaining top 2%?

website invites you to prove this and solve Einstein's famous problem.

Condition

5 different people in 5 different houses of different colors like 5 different foods, keep 5 different types of animals, drink 5 different types of drinks. Question: who raises the fish?

Try solving this problem in your head or on a piece of paper by drawing a small sign. Scroll down when you are ready to test yourself and find out the answer.

Solution

From the clues we know that Norwegian lives in the first house, next to the blue house. A in a blue house lives a man who has a horse. The one who lives in the center, drinking milk.

A Norwegian cannot live in a red or blue house; an Englishman and the one who has a horse live there. He also cannot live in white, since the green house is located to the left of the white one, and The Norwegian's house is the one on the left. Green is also not for him, since there is a white house to the right, and to the right of the Norwegian there should be a blue one. So he lives in yellow and loves to eat pizza.

Green is to the left of white, which means it is number 4. White - 5, and red - 3. An Englishman lives here. Coffee is drunk in the 4th house.

It is said that a German loves donuts, which means he does not eat rice and does not drink beer. He also does not drink milk or tea; the English and the French do. This means the German drinks water or coffee.

A Norwegian cannot drink beer (because he eats other food), coffee (he does not live in a green house), tea (not a Frenchman). This means that a Norwegian drinks water, and a German drinks coffee, and lives in a green house. And since a Norwegian drinks water from us, then his neighbor loves apples (from the hints).

Since a Swede has a dog, he cannot live in the second house (there is a horse), which means the Swede lives in the fifth house (white). And in the second house there lives a Frenchman who drinks tea.

If a cheese lover raises birds, then he is not a Swede, that means he is an Englishman. Therefore, a Swede eats rice and drinks beer.

And now we have one last clue: the one who eats apples lives next to the one who has a cat. The Frenchman eats apples (second home). To his right is an Englishman, who has birds, which means the second neighbor is French (on the left), and the Norwegian has a cat.

And finally, the fish are raised by a German.