N acetylcysteine ​​instructions for use. Glutathione and N-acetyl cysteine. Impact on Cardiovascular Health

Composition and release form of the drug

200 mg - sachets (20) - cardboard packs.
200 mg - sachets (30) - cardboard packs.

pharmachologic effect

Mucolytic agent is a derivative of the amino acid cysteine. It has a mucolytic effect, increases the volume of sputum, facilitates its discharge due to a direct effect on the rheological properties of sputum. The action of acetylcysteine ​​is associated with the ability of its sulfhydryl groups to break intra- and intermolecular disulfide bonds of acidic mucopolysaccharides of sputum, which leads to depolarization of mucoproteins and a decrease in sputum viscosity.

Reduces induced hyperplasia of mucoid cells, enhances the production of surfactants by stimulating type II pneumocytes, stimulates mucociliary activity, which leads to improved mucociliary clearance.

Remains active in the presence of purulent, mucopurulent and mucous sputum.

Increases the secretion of less viscous sialomucins by goblet cells, reduces the adhesion of bacteria to the epithelial cells of the bronchial mucosa. Stimulates mucous cells of the bronchi, the secretion of which is lysed by fibrin. It has a similar effect on the secretions formed during inflammatory diseases of the ENT organs.

It has an antioxidant effect due to the ability of its reactive sulfhydryl groups (SH groups) to bind to oxidative radicals and thus neutralize them.

Acetylcysteine ​​easily penetrates into the cell and is deacetylated to L-cysteine, from which intracellular glutathione is synthesized. Glutathione is a highly reactive tripeptide, a powerful antioxidant and cytoprotector that neutralizes endogenous and exogenous free radicals and toxins. Acetylcysteine ​​prevents exhaustion and helps increase the synthesis of intracellular glutathione, which is involved in the redox processes of cells, promoting the detoxification of harmful substances. This explains the action of acetylcysteine ​​as an antidote for poisoning.

Protects alpha1-antitrypsin (elastase inhibitor) from the inactivating effects of HOCl, an oxidizing agent produced by myeloperoxidase of active phagocytes. It also has an anti-inflammatory effect (by suppressing the formation of free radicals and reactive oxygen-containing substances responsible for the development of inflammation in the lung tissue).

Pharmacokinetics

When taken orally, it is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. It is largely subject to the “first pass” effect through the liver, which leads to a decrease in bioavailability. Binding to blood proteins up to 50% (4 hours after oral administration). Metabolized in the liver and possibly in the intestinal wall. In plasma it is determined unchanged, as well as in the form of metabolites - N-acetylcysteine, N,N-diacetylcysteine ​​and cysteine ​​ester.

Renal clearance accounts for 30% of the total clearance.

Indications

Respiratory diseases and conditions accompanied by the formation of viscous and mucopurulent sputum: acute and chronic bronchitis, tracheitis due to bacterial and/or viral infection, pneumonia, bronchiectasis, bronchial asthma, atelectasis due to blockage of the bronchi with a mucus plug, sinusitis (to facilitate the passage of secretions ), cystic fibrosis (as part of combination therapy).

Preparation for bronchoscopy, bronchography, aspiration drainage.

Removal of viscous secretions from the respiratory tract in post-traumatic and postoperative conditions.

For washing abscesses, nasal passages, maxillary sinuses, middle ear, treatment of fistulas, surgical field during operations on the nasal cavity and mastoid process.

Contraindications

Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum in the acute phase, hemoptysis, pulmonary hemorrhage, lactation period (breastfeeding), children under 2 years of age, hypersensitivity to acetylcysteine.

Contraindications for use in children under 14 years of age depend on the dosage form and are indicated in the instructions for use of the drug used.

Dosage

Orally for adults and children over 6 years old - 200 mg 2-3 times a day; children aged 2 to 6 years - 200 mg 2 times / day or 100 mg 3 times / day.

For inhalation and intratracheal use, the dose, frequency of use and course duration are set individually.

Locally - instilled into the external auditory canal and nasal passages 150-300 mg per 1 procedure.

Side effects

Allergic reactions: urticaria, rash, itching, angioedema, anaphylactic reactions, facial swelling.

From the nervous system: headache.

From the organ of hearing and balance: noise in ears.

From the cardiovascular system: tachycardia, decreased blood pressure, bleeding

From the respiratory system: bronchospasm, dyspnea.

From the digestive system: vomiting, diarrhea, stomatitis, nausea, dyspepsia.

General reactions: pyrexia.

Drug interactions

The simultaneous use of acetylcysteine ​​with antitussives may increase sputum stagnation due to suppression of the cough reflex.

When used simultaneously with antibiotics (including ampicillin, amphotericin B), their interaction with the thiol group of acetylcysteine ​​is possible.

The simultaneous use of acetylcysteine ​​and nitroglycerin can cause a pronounced decrease in blood pressure and headache.

Concomitant use of acetylcysteine ​​may be accompanied by a decrease in carbamazepine concentrations to subtherapeutic levels.

Acetylcysteine ​​eliminates the toxic effects of paracetamol.

Acetylcysteine ​​may interfere with the colorimetric determination of salicylates.

Acetylcysteine ​​may interfere with urine ketone test results.

special instructions

Use with caution in the following diseases and conditions: history of gastric and duodenal ulcers; bronchial asthma, liver and/or kidney failure; histamine intolerance (long-term use should be avoided, since acetylcysteine ​​affects the metabolism of histamine and can lead to signs of intolerance, such as headache, vasomotor rhinitis, itching); esophagus; adrenal gland diseases; arterial hypertension.

When using acetylcysteine ​​in patients with bronchial asthma, it is necessary to ensure sputum drainage.

A 1-2 hour interval should be observed between taking acetylcysteine ​​and antibiotics.

The compliance of the route of administration and the dosage form used should be strictly observed.

Pregnancy and lactation

If use during pregnancy is necessary, the expected benefits of therapy for the mother and the possible risk to the fetus should be carefully weighed.

Contraindicated for use during lactation (breastfeeding).

Use in childhood

When using acetylcysteine ​​in patients with bronchial asthma, it is necessary to ensure sputum drainage. In newborns, it is used only for health reasons at a dose of 10 mg/kg under the strict supervision of a physician.

Orally for children over 6 years old - 200 mg 2-3 times a day; children aged 2 to 6 years - 200 mg 2 times / day or 100 mg 3 times / day, up to 2 years - 100 mg 2 times / day.

For impaired renal function

Acetylcysteine ​​should be used with caution in patients with kidney disease.

For liver dysfunction

Acetylcysteine ​​should be used with caution in patients with liver disease.

N-acetyl-cysteine, or NAC, is an amino acid necessary for the production of glutathione, a very powerful antioxidant. NAC binds and removes dangerous toxic elements from cells, making it critical for brain health. NAC has recently been studied as a treatment for drug addiction because it works to restore levels of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate in the brain's reward centers. Some studies have shown that NAC can reduce addiction to cocaine, heroin and cigarettes, as well as reduce the risk of relapse. Given that certain foods activate the same areas of the brain as cocaine, it is possible that NAC may also be helpful in reducing food cravings.

Another study led its authors to conclude that NAC has promise in treating compulsive behavior problems. This means it may be useful for binge eating disorder type 1, as well as for people with impulsive-compulsive eating disorders such as bulimia. The usual recommended dose for adults is 600–1200 mg twice daily to treat carbohydrate cravings.

I advise those who take very side-effect medications for health reasons and those who have problems with the respiratory system to pay attention to this drug.

• glutathione precursor


• liver and lung support


• food supplement

N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine ​​(NAC) is a powerful antioxidant amino acid and a precursor of glutathione, the most important antioxidant for the body. Glutathione provides enhanced protective functions, including intracellular detoxification and protection against oxidative stress. Substances such as acetaminophen and alcohol reduce the effects of glutathione.

Take 1 capsule 1 or 2 times daily or as recommended by a physician.

N-acetyl-L-cysteine, NAC is a modified form of the amino acid cysteine. As an antioxidant, it protects the liver from the effects of certain toxic substances. Makes a significant contribution to the glutathione cascade, promoting the synthesis of glutathione in the body. The metabolism and production of acetylcysteine ​​and glutathione are closely related: taking acetylcysteine ​​increases the level of glutathione in the body, which cannot be achieved even by taking glutathione supplements.

Glutathione is a powerful cancer suppressant and anti-aging agent. Acetylcysteine's ability to detoxify certain chemicals makes it an effective detoxifier. Acetylcysteine ​​is widely used by cardiologists in preventive and therapeutic practice. Acetylcysteine ​​lowers blood pressure in hypertensive patients by causing relaxation of blood vessels and improving blood flow. The administration of acetylcysteine ​​during developing myocardial infarction allows one to preserve the integrity of most of the heart muscle.

Indications for use of Acetylcysteine

Acetylcysteine ​​is actively used for diseases of the respiratory system, accompanied by the formation of viscous, difficult-to-separate sputum and the addition of a purulent infection (tracheitis, acute and chronic bronchitis, pneumonia, bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis, bronchial asthma).

If you have a good doctor and have similar problems, consult about taking NAC.
I trust Jarrow more than Russian pharmacies.

Proven dietary supplements for the lungs and liver.

Presented are analogues of the drug n-acetylcysteine, drugs that are interchangeable in their effects on the body and contain one or more identical active ingredients. When selecting synonyms, consider not only their cost, but also the country of production and the reputation of the manufacturer.

Description of the drug

List of analogues

Note! The list contains synonyms for N-acetylcysteine, which have a similar composition, so you can choose a replacement yourself, taking into account the form and dose of the medicine prescribed by your doctor. Give preference to manufacturers from the USA, Japan, Western Europe, as well as well-known companies from Eastern Europe: KRKA, Gedeon Richter, Actavis, Egis, Lek, Hexal, Teva, Zentiva.

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Pharmacokinetics

Indications for use

Inflammatory pathologies can be triggered by any factor if a person’s immunity is weakened. Naturally, they must be treated. "N-Acetylcysteine" is a drug that has anti-inflammatory, expectorant and strong detoxifying effects.

Composition and release forms

The medicine presented is imported, as it is produced in the USA. It is produced in the form of cellulose capsules, of which there are 100 pieces per package. This drug cannot be purchased in powder form everywhere.

“N-Acetylcysteine” contains the main active ingredient acetylcysteine ​​in an amount of 100 to 600 mg. There are also additional elements: selenium, molybdenum. The presented product is very soluble in water, so its bioavailability is much higher than that of other drugs, amounting to 90%.

Features of the drug's action

The product has a good mucolytic effect, as it effectively thins mucus and facilitates its removal from the respiratory system. Expectoration occurs faster and better, and the viscosity of mucus decreases. The drug is effective even in the presence of purulent sputum.

The active ingredient of the drug takes part in the production of glutathione, which is the most powerful antioxidant and helps destroy many toxins in the body. The drug itself also has this effect, since it contains the SK group. The product prevents the formation of malignant cells, therefore it is used for prevention.

"N-Acetylcysteine" effectively neutralizes the effects of heavy metals. It effectively protects a person from the negative effects of exhaust gases, mercury fumes, tobacco smoke, and other external factors. For various types of poisoning, it can be used as an antidote.

By suppressing the synthesis of enzymes that support inflammation, the drug can eliminate and even prevent this process. The medicine can be used to prevent the development of atherosclerosis. In addition, the product has a protective effect on the liver and membranes of the brain.

A drug such as "N-Acetylcysteine" has a simple mechanism of action: its components are able to break down the bonds of acidic mucopolysaccharides in sputum, so it becomes less viscous.

Indications for use

"N-Acetylcysteine" is prescribed for the treatment of:

• Pathologies of the respiratory organs, which are accompanied by the production of difficult-to-remove, viscous mucus: pneumonia, acute and chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, lung abscess, emphysema, rhinitis, sinusitis, purulent otitis.
• Glutathione deficiency in the liver.
• Cystic fibrosis.
• Intoxication of the body due to excessive consumption of alcohol and medications.
• Pathologies of the cardiovascular system: hypertension, atherosclerosis, as well as their prevention.
• Encephalopathies.
• Sulfur deficiency, which causes hair loss and brittle nails.
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

The drug is also used to prevent diseases caused by exposure to X-rays (among workers at nuclear power plants). The substance is recommended for use in patients who do not consume enough protein.

The drug is used to prevent an infectious process after surgery on the respiratory system.

What contraindications for use exist?

If a patient is prescribed "Acetylcysteine ​​N" (acetyl l cysteine ​​NAC), he should be aware that the drug cannot always be used. There are the following contraindications to its use:

1. Individual intolerance to the main substance or its other components.
2. Hemoptysis or internal bleeding.
3. Gastric ulcer or damage to the duodenum during an exacerbation.
4. Pregnancy.
5. Breastfeeding period.
6. Varicose veins in the esophagus.
7. Fructose intolerance (it is part of the medicine).

Before starting to take the drug, it is mandatory to consult a doctor.

Mode of application

If the patient needs to take N-Acetylcysteine, the instructions provide the following methods of use:

1. Children under 2 years old: 100 mg 2 times a day, from 2 to 6 years old - 100 mg three times a day.
2. Children over 6 years old, as well as adults: 200 mg 2-3 times a day.

For intramuscular administration, the one-time dose for an adult patient is 300 mg, for a child - 150 mg. The injection is given once a day. For diseases of the respiratory tract, which are characterized by a short period of progression, it is enough to undergo a 5-day course of treatment.

What side effects does the drug cause?

Before using NAC N-Acetylcysteine, you need to consider what undesirable effects it may cause. So, the drug can provoke the development of the following side effects:

• Nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, heartburn, feeling like the stomach is full.
• A slight burning sensation when the drug is injected shallowly into the muscle. The unpleasant sensation quickly passes.
• Allergic skin rashes: itching, urticaria, and bronchospasm.
• Respiratory irritation, stomatitis or rhinitis when using the drug in the form of inhalations.
• Nose bleed.
• Noise in ears.
• Changes in laboratory blood parameters.
• Headache.
• Tachycardia.
• Reduced blood pressure.

The occurrence of side effects is low if the medicine is used according to the instructions. If unpleasant phenomena are felt, then you must immediately stop taking the drug and consult a doctor to adjust the treatment.

special instructions

If a patient needs to use N-Acetylcysteine, the instructions for use indicate the following features of the medicine:

• People who have been diagnosed with severe impairment of the functionality of the liver and kidneys should be especially careful in using this remedy.
• Increased attention should be paid to patients with asthma, as well as pathologies of the adrenal glands. When prescribing medication, asthmatics need to ensure sputum drainage.
• The use of the drug for the treatment of newborns is possible only for health reasons. In this case, the dose should not exceed 10 mg/kg, and treatment is carried out under the strict supervision of a physician.
• Between the last and next dose of the drug, a time interval of 1-2 hours must be observed.
• If the patient drinks a large amount of liquid, this will enhance the mucolytic effect of the medicine.
• With obstructive bronchitis, you also need to be careful, since bronchial patency should be constantly monitored.
• When using the drug, glass containers are required. You should not come into contact with metals, rubber, oxygen, or substances that can quickly oxidize.
• "N-Acetylcysteine", reviews of which are mostly positive, does not have a negative effect on the nervous system (the speed of psychomotor reactions and the ability to drive a vehicle).

When used correctly, the product will not cause adverse reactions. In case of overdose of the medicine, it is necessary to urgently rinse the stomach.

Interaction with other drugs

Do not use this drug together with antitussive medications. This will provoke stagnation of sputum due to suppression of the cough reflex.

When combining the product with tetracycline and penicillin antibiotics, interaction with the thiol group of acetylcysteine ​​is possible. That is, there is incompatibility here. The presented drug can be used in conjunction with paracetamol, while the toxic effect on the liver of the latter is reduced. The combined use of the product with Nitroglycerin promotes pronounced vasodilation.

Storage features and cost of the drug

So, the presented medicine can be stored for 36 months. Moreover, the temperature at which the drug does not lose its properties should not exceed 25 degrees. Naturally, the storage location should not be accessible to children.

As for the cost, for 10 sachets to prepare a medicinal solution you need to pay about 50 rubles. Despite the fact that the price of the product is small, it is considered quite effective. You can purchase the medicine at any pharmacy, and you do not need a prescription.