How many people can solve Einstein's riddle? Einstein's riddle is a logic puzzle. Einstein's square problem

There are five houses of different colors: red, green, white, yellow and blue. Each is inhabited by people of different nationalities: German, Swedish, Danish, Norwegian and English. Each of them drinks one type of drink, smokes one brand of cigarettes and owns one pet. Each of them is unique within the group (drink, brand of cigarettes, animal is not repeated!).

Question: who keeps the fish if:

1. The Englishman lives in a red house;

2. The Swede is holding a dog;

3. The Dane drinks tea;

4. The green house is to the left of the white one, and its tenant is drinking coffee;

5. Camel smoker holding a bird;

6. The resident of the house in the middle drinks milk;

7. The tenant of the yellow house smokes Dunhill;

8. A Norwegian lives in the first house;

9. A Marlboro smoker lives next to the cat owner;

10. The horse owner lives next to the Dunhill smoker”;

11. The Kent smoker drinks beer;

12. Norwegian's house - next to the blue house;

13. The German smokes Rothmans;

14. A Marlboro smoker lives next to someone who drinks water.

Answer

In order to better understand the surrounding reality, a person must develop thinking, which directly depends on the functioning and his ability to operate with various abstract concepts. Thinking is based on the logic and culture of people, and many scientific disciplines study the course of human thought processes. Einstein's problem about 5 houses became widely known back in the 20th century and since then has not lost its relevance for those who want to improve the level of their logical thinking.

Puzzle condition

There is a version that the author of this logical problem was Albert Einstein, who is one of the founders of modern theoretical physics. Perhaps Einstein used it to evaluate the abilities of candidates for the position of his assistant. They also claim that this riddle could have been invented by the famous English mathematician and writer Lewis Carroll. However, the authorship remains unconfirmed. It is interesting that the problem contains cigarettes that were not produced during the lifetime of L. Carroll and during the childhood of A. Einstein.

The great physicist is credited with the statement that only 2% of people can mentally control patterns based on five signs. And, in this regard, most of them are not able to find the answer without some of the records they need and the construction of auxiliary tables. But there is also no confirmation that it was Einstein who said this.

A complex version of this riddle involves solving it in your head, without the use of additional means. Otherwise, indeed, the task loses all its originality. The answer can be found by drawing up a table and the method of sequentially eliminating all incorrect statements, which does not confirm the unique properties of logical thinking.

Text of the riddle about houses

The text of this puzzle was first published on December 17, 1962 in the American Life magazine. In the spring of next year, the correct answer and a list consisting of the names of readers who were able to solve this problem were published.

Several variants of the puzzle are known, but the original condition is as follows:

1. There are 5 houses on the street.
2. The Englishman lives in a red house.
3. The dog's owner is Spanish.
4. Those living in a green house drink coffee.
5. Ukrainian is a tea lover.
6. The green house is located to the right of the ivory house.
7. Preferring cigarettes, Old Gold contains snails.
8. In the yellow house they smoke Cools brand cigarettes.
9. In the middle they drink milk.
10. A Norwegian lives in house number 1.
11. The Chesterfield smoker is the neighbor of the one who keeps the fox.
12. Cools cigarettes are smoked in the house next to the house where the horse lives.
13. Smoking Lucky Strike drinks orange juice.
14. The Japanese prefer Parliament cigarettes.
15. The Norwegian is the neighbor of the blue house.

Questions to answer upon completion:

1. Which of these residents drinks water?
2. Who owns the zebra?

Explanation: all 5 of these houses have individual colors, people of several nationalities live in them, each keeping one pet. They drink different drinks and smoke different types of cigarettes. For a more concise description, the ivory house is further referred to as white.

In order to find the right solution, you need to step by step enter the known data into the table, having previously excluded impossible options from the list.

Stage I

According to the problem (point 10), the Norwegian is in house No. 1. Any direction that needs to be followed throughout the entire process can be taken as the starting point.

From points 10 and 15 we can conclude that house No. 2 is blue. What color is a Norwegian's house? From the puzzle it is clear that his house will not be green or white, since these buildings are located next to each other. This is directly indicated by paragraph 6 and the previous decision that house number two is blue. In red - an Englishman, which means that a Norwegian’s housing will be a different color. There is only one option left. The first house is yellow. Thanks to this conclusion, it is clear that the resident of house number one smokes Kools, and the resident of house number 2 lives a horse.

The next question to be answered correctly is: “What can a Norwegian drink, who is in yellow house No. 1 and smokes Kools cigarettes?” There is data that shows which drinks are considered residents' favorites. Ukrainians prefer tea, and coffee is constantly drunk in a green house. It is also clear from point 3 that in house No. 3 they only drink milk. But the person smoking Lucky Strike is drinking juice. Having considered all the options, you can understand that the water is consumed by Norwegians. That's what you needed to know.

Stage 2

Now we need to try to determine what they can smoke in house number two, which is blue and whose owner keeps a horse. It's clear that Kools are smoked in house number one, and the Old Gold smoker is a snail farmer. To take it a step further, it is assumed that the owner of house #2 prefers Lucky Strike and usually drinks juice. If it really fits, then who lives in it?

It becomes clear that his owner cannot in fact be Norwegian (10), just as he cannot be English (2). He is not Spanish (3), Ukrainian (5) or Japanese (14), as these assumptions conflict with the puzzle items shown in parentheses. It turns out that the owner of the second home will not smoke Lucky Strike.

It is also unlikely that the owner of the second house smokes Parlament, since in this case he cannot drink tea (5), milk (9), coffee (4) and, of course, juice (13).

Based on this, it can be argued that the owner of the second house smokes Chesterfield. Now we need to find out his nationality. It is already known that the house is blue, and he keeps a horse. Four conditions do not match: he is not Norwegian, according to paragraph 10, and clearly not English (2), the Spaniard is a dog owner (3), and the Japanese smokes Parlament. There is only one choice left - the owner of the second house is a Ukrainian who likes tea.

So, you can gradually move forward and fill in all the boxes in the table as you proceed.

Stage 3

Step III is necessary to find out which house the fox lives in. She can be kept in houses No. 1 or No. 3, according to paragraph 11, since in No. 2 they smoke Chesterfield. Through successive exceptions, one can understand that the fox is the owner of house number one.

Stage 4

In order to find out where the owner of the snails who smokes Old Gold lives, you need to complete Step IV. The assumption that he drinks coffee will be incorrect, since this is not consistent with the data already obtained. This means that this person is in the third house.

Over time, the conditions of the problem changed slightly, but the solution remained the same. To this day, Einstein's 5 problem forces many people to search for a single answer that fits all the data in the puzzle. If it is difficult to find a solution without paper and pen, do not be discouraged, because this riddle was invented to increase the level of logical thinking.

Einstein's riddle is a famous logical problem, the authorship of which is attributed to Albert Einstein.

It is believed that this puzzle was created by Albert Einstein during his childhood. There is also an opinion that it was used by Einstein to test candidate assistants for logical thinking ability.

Some attribute to Einstein a reasoning in which he claims that only two percent of the world's population is able to mentally operate with patterns associated with five signs at once. As a particular consequence of this, the above puzzle can be solved without the use of paper only by those who belong to these two percent. However, there is no documented evidence that Einstein ever made such a claim.

In its most difficult version, the problem involves solving it in your head, without using any notes or means of storing information. Without these restrictions, the puzzle noticeably loses in complexity, since it can be solved by simply drawing up a table with the elimination of obviously contradictory options - and therefore says little about the abilities of the subject.

There are many different options for problem conditions. In some of them, the riddle question sounds like “Who breeds fish?”, in others the unknown animal is a zebra. The nationalities of the five people mentioned also change. Here is the first known published version of the puzzle, which appeared in Life International magazine in the December 17, 1962 issue. The issue of March 25, 1963 contained the solution listed below and a list of several hundred names of readers who correctly solved the problem.

Problem text

On one side of the street there are five houses in a row, each with a different color. Each one contains a person, all five are of different nationalities. Each person prefers a unique brand of cigarette, drink and pet. Besides:
An Englishman lives in a red house.
The Swede is holding a dog.
They drink coffee in the green house.
The Dane prefers tea.
The green house is next door to the left of the white one.
The Pall Mall smoker raises birds.
In the yellow house they smoke Dunhill.
They drink milk in the house in the middle.
The Norwegian lives in the first house.
A person who smokes Marlboro lives next to the cat's owner.
The house where Dunhill is smoked is next to where the horse is kept.
A Winfield lover drinks beer.
The German smokes Rothmans.
A Norwegian lives next to the blue house.
Someone who smokes Marlboro lives next to someone who drinks water.

Question:
U who does the fish live for? ?

Solution option: Let's start with the use of symbols: nationality: House color: Cigarettes Drinks: Animal A - Englishman a - red 1 - PallMall I - tea % - dog B - Swede b - green 2 - Dunhill II - coffee + - bird B - Dane c - yellow 3 - Marlboro III- milk No. - cat G - Norwegian d - white 4 - Winfield IV - beer - - horse D - German e - blue 5 - Rothmans V - water = - fish

And make a table :

Nationality:I I I I I I

House color: I I I I I I

What he smokes: I I I I I I

What he drinks: I I I I I I

Animal: I I I I I I

And based on the condition, we fill out the matrix:
1."A" in the same column as "a"
2."B" in the same column as "%"
3."b" in the same column as "II"
4."B" in the same column as "I".
5."b" adjacent to the left of the column with "d"
6.1" in the same column with "+"
7."c" in the same column as "2"
8."III" in third column
9"G" in the first column
10."3" in the adjacent column with "No."
11.2" in the adjacent column with "-"
12.4" in the same column as "IV"
13."D" in the same column as "5"
14. "Г" in the adjacent column with "e"
15.3" in adjacent column with "V"

Solution

Attention! Below is the solution.

Progress of the decision

Below is the solution.

STEP 1

According to the condition, the Norwegian lives in the first house (9). From (14) it follows that the second house is blue.

What color is the first house? It can't be green or white because it's at home? these two colors should be located next to each other (5). It cannot be red either, because an Englishman lives in a red house (1). So, the first house is yellow.

Consequently, in the first house they smoke “Dankhel” (7), and in the second house they keep a horse (11).

What does the Norwegian drink (who lives in the first, yellow house and smokes Danhel)? This is not tea, because the Dane drinks tea (4). And not coffee, because they drink coffee in a green house (3). And not the milk that is drunk in the third house (8). And not beer, because the person who drinks beer smokes Winfield (12). Therefore, a Norwegian drinks water.

STEP 2

From (15) it follows that the person living in the second, blue, house smokes Marlboro.

What nationality is the person who lives in the second, blue, house, prefers Marlboro and owns a horse? This is not a Norwegian - he is in the first house (9). Not an Englishman - he is in the red house (1). Not a Swede - a Swede has a dog (2). Not a German - a German smokes Rothmans (13). This means that a Dane lives in the second house and, as follows from (4), drinks tea.

STEP 3

The green house cannot be the third because they drink coffee, not milk (3). The green house cannot be the fifth house because there is a house (5) to the right of it. Therefore, the green house is the fourth. This means that the white house is the fifth, and the red house is the third, and an Englishman lives in it (1). In the green house they drink coffee, and for the white house there is only beer. From (12) it follows that they smoke Winfield in the white house.

STEP 4

Where does the German who smokes Rothmans live (13)? He can only live in the fourth, green house. This means that a person who smokes Pal Mal and raises birds can only live in the third, red house - this is an Englishman.

Then the Swede, who has a dog (2), is left with the fifth house. According to condition (10), a cat lives in the first or third house, but birds live in the third house, which means the cat is in the first house.

Therefore, the fish is kept German.

Answer

Of course, this solution assumes that the animal missing in the conditions of the problem is the desired fish. In addition, it is assumed that the first house is on the left. However, this is not stated directly in the terms and conditions. Many therefore argue that the only correct answer is “there is not enough data in the problem,” since we cannot be sure that fish, for example, even live in at least one of these houses. However, this judgment is often used to “cover up” one’s failure to solve a problem.

Amendment

If we assume that the first house is on the right, and a Norwegian lives in it (according to the conditions of the problem), then the first one on the left is green, and next to it is white, then red and blue. The difference between the first option for solving the problem is the arrangement of houses by color (and the condition does not say anything about this). As a result, the solution to the problem is the same as in the first option - the German breeds the fish, drinks the coffee, and smokes the Rothmans.

And there is also another method of solving the problem: take a sheet of paper, place the easiest options in columns, and write the rest in each column (the column is the house number) where this or that could be (the colors are already arranged, which means animals, cigarettes, nationality, drink).... when you write everything down, then by the method of elimination! The solution may be more complicated. but effective and correct! For example, in the column where the Norwegian is, there will be only water and a cat, there will be no other options, so in other columns we cross out this animal and drink, everything else is by elimination.. GOOD LUCK!

Einstein's Riddle is a famous logical problem attributed to Albert Einstein.

It is believed that this puzzle was created by Albert Einstein during his childhood. There is also an opinion that it was used by Einstein to test candidate assistants for logical thinking ability.

Some attribute to Einstein a reasoning in which he claims that only two percent of the world's population is able to mentally operate with patterns associated with five signs at once. As a particular consequence of this, the above puzzle can be solved without the use of paper only by those who belong to these two percent. However, there is no documented evidence that Einstein ever made such a claim.

In its most difficult version, the problem involves solving it in your head, without using any notes or means of storing information. Without this, the puzzle noticeably loses in complexity, since it can be solved by simply drawing up a table with the exclusion of obviously contradictory options - and therefore says little about the abilities of the subject."

5 different people in 5 different houses of different colors, smoking 5 different brands of cigarettes, raising 5 different types of animals, drinking 5 different types of drinks.

Question: who raises the fish?

Tips:

• The Norwegian lives in the first house.
• The Englishman lives in a red house.
• The green house is located to the left of the white one.
• The Dane drinks tea.
• The one who smokes Rothmans lives next to the one who
• raises cats.
• The one who lives in the yellow house smokes Dunhill.
• The German smokes Marlboro.
• The neighbor of the one who smokes Rothmans drinks water.
• Anyone who smokes Pall Mall raises birds.
• The Swede raises dogs.
• Anyone who smokes Philip Morris drinks beer.
• They drink coffee in the green house.

The solution of the problem

So, we have 25 positions that need to be filled with the following data:

• Nationality: Norwegian, English, Danish, German, Swedish.
• House color: Red, Green, White, Yellow, Blue.
• Cigarette brand: Rothmans, Dunhill, Marlborough, Pell Mell, Philip Morris.
• Animal: Cats, Birds, Dogs, Horses, Fish.
• Drink: Tea, Milk, Water, Beer, Coffee.

Basically, we need to fill out the following table:

From the hints, we immediately fill in a number of table cells:

• The Norwegian lives in the first house.
• A Norwegian lives next to the blue house.
• The one who raises horses lives in a blue house.
• The one who lives in the center drinks milk.

Since an Englishman lives in a red house, it means that a Norwegian cannot live in a red house. Equally, a Norwegian cannot live in blue. He cannot live in a white one either, since the green house is to the left of the white one, and the Norwegian’s house is the farthest to the left. He also cannot live in green, since there is a white house to the right of the green one, and a blue one to the right of the Norwegian. So he lives in yellow. Hence we conclude that the Norwegian smokes Dunhill.

Further, since the green house is located to the left of the white one, it means that its number is either 3 or 4. However, in the third, middle, house they drink milk, and in the green house they drink coffee - which means the number of the green house = 4. This means that we have a white house goes at number 5, and red goes at number 3. An Englishman lives here. They drink coffee in the 4th house.

Further, since a German smokes Marlboro, he does not smoke Philip Morris, and therefore does not drink beer. He also does not drink the milk that an Englishman drinks. He doesn’t drink tea either—that’s what the Dane does. This means that a German drinks either water or coffee. A Norwegian cannot drink beer (he smokes other cigarettes), milk (he is not an Englishman), coffee (he does not live in a green house), tea (he is not a Dane). So the Norwegian drinks water, and then the German drinks coffee, and lives in a green house. Plus, don’t forget that the German smokes Marlboro. And since a Norwegian drinks our water, his neighbor (second home) smokes Rothmans.

Since a Swede raises dogs here, he cannot live in the second house (they raise horses there), which means he lives in the fifth house (white). So in the second house there lives a Dane who drinks tea.

Since the Pell Mell smoker raises birds, he is not a Swede, which means he is an Englishman. Consequently, the Swede smokes Philip Morris and drinks beer.

And now we have one last clue:

• Someone who smokes Rothmans lives next to someone who raises cats.

Rothmans smokes a Dane who lives in the second house. To his right lives an Englishman who raises birds, which means that the Dane’s second neighbor (on the left), a Norwegian, raises these cats. And then the fish are raised by a German. The answer has been found.

ANSWER: The fish are raised by a German!

Instructions

Let us recall the essence of the problem. On one there are 5 houses of different colors, people of different nationalities live in them. They all drink different drinks, smoke different brands of cigarettes and breed. Question: who raises the fish?
It is known that:
1. The Norwegian lives in the first house.
2. The Englishman lives in a red house.
3. The green house is located directly to the left of the white one.
4. The Dane drinks tea.
5. The one who smokes Rothmans lives next to the one who grows it.
6. The one who lives in the yellow house smokes Dunhill.
7. The German smokes Marlboro.
8. The one who lives in the center drinks milk.
9. The neighbor of the one who smokes Rothmans drinks water.
10. Anyone who smokes Pall Mall raises birds.
11. The Swede grows .
12. A Norwegian lives next to the blue house.
13. The one who grows it lives in a blue house.
14. Anyone who smokes Philip Morris drinks beer.
15.They drink coffee in the green house.
Draw a table. Indicate all the features of the houses and their numbers.

Let's fill out the table. Let's start with something simple. So, the Norwegian lives in the first house (1), which is next to the blue one (12). Therefore, house No. 2 is blue. The owner of the central house, i.e. No. 3, drinks milk (8). Horses are raised in the blue house (13). Now, thinking logically, you can fill out the rest of the table.

The easiest way to start is with the line “house color”. According to the problem, the green house is located directly to the left of the white one (3). This house could be No. 3 or No. 4. The first house cannot be green because there is a blue one to the left of it. We also know that in the green house they drink coffee (15), and in house No. 3 they drink milk. So, green house is No. 4, respectively, house No. 5 is white. Let's find out the colors of the remaining two houses. It is known that the Englishman lives in a red house (2). In the first one - a Norwegian, which means that an Englishman lives in house No. 3 and his color is red. Therefore, the first house is yellow, its owner smokes Dunhill(6).

Now let's find out what drinks these people prefer. The easiest way to determine what a Norwegian drinks is. We know that in the third house they drink milk and green coffee. The Dane drinks tea (4). The one who smokes Philip Morris drinks beer (14), but the Norwegian smokes Dunhill. From which we conclude that he drinks water.

Go ahead. Let's find out who lives in the blue house. His owner smokes Rothmans and breeds horses. It's not Norwegian or English. The Swede also cannot live in this house because he raises dogs. Not German, because he smokes Marlboro. So this is a Dane and he drinks tea (4).
Beer is drunk by someone who lives in a white house and smokes Philip Morris (14).

We do not know the owners of houses No. 4 and No. 5. A German cannot live in a white house because he smokes Marlboro. This means that the Swede lives in a white house and breeds dogs (11), and the German lives in a green house.

The table shows that the remaining brand of cigarettes (Pall Mall) is smoked by an Englishman and he also breeds birds (10). The Norwegian, based on point 5, raises cats. We still have the one who breeds fish - this is a German.

The problem is solved.
What at first glance seems insoluble turns out to be simple upon closer examination.
Logical puzzles are not just fun, they are a workout for the brain.

note

An uncle lived without a wife and without children, And he was full of many wonderful ideas. He indicated in his will that the one who would get the most would be the one who guessed the Riddle from Einstein about houses and about people, About who lived in them, drank and what had And a competition was organized among the servants and among the relatives. They all competed together and was the first to answer the question.

Helpful advice

Einstein's riddle is a famous logic problem, according to legend, created by Albert Einstein during his childhood. There is also an opinion that she If we assume that the first house is the one on the far right, we get a slightly different situation, but the same answer. An uncle lived without a wife and without children, And he was full of many wonderful ideas. He indicated in his will that the one who would get the most would be the one who guessed the Riddle from Einstein about houses and about people, About who lived in them.

Sources:

• The task.

There is an opinion that only 2% of the world's population can solve Einstein's famous logic problem about five foreigners. This is partly true, because it is impossible for the average person to operate in his mind a task that includes twenty-five concepts. But there are simpler and more understandable ways to solve this tricky riddle of the great physicist.