Lethal dose of chips for humans. The difference between a medicine and a poison is the dose. Lethal doses

Scientists have established lethal doses for humans of various everyday products, substances and phenomena.

Everything has a lethal dosage, even water, salt and sugar, let alone tobacco, alcohol and especially hard drugs like heroin or amphetamine, the slightest excess of the dose when used can lead to an overdose and death. The article provides a list of lethal doses of what we encounter in everyday life, from water to sunlight.

The concept of “lethal dose” means the amount of a substance after which almost any normal person will die 100%. Due to the fact that all people are different, for some, an overdose with subsequent death can occur much earlier and from much smaller quantities, so do not think that “before” means it is possible, do not try to find the limit of your body! And remember - the use of any drugs causes irreparable harm to health and leads to the development of drug addiction!

Lethal doses of various substances when taken orally

Doses of acute poisoning are given for adults who are not addicted to poison

1. Water

Lethal dose - 14 liters, drunk in a short time (3 - 5 hours).

1.5-2 liters of water is the daily requirement for a healthy person. Too much 3-4 times can lead to so-called water poisoning, or water intoxication - a disruption of water-salt metabolism in the body. The kidneys simply will not have time to remove everything that has been drunk from the body, the salt concentration will drop, and water will begin to fill the intracellular environment. The result is swelling of the brain, lungs, etc. Death occurs from the leaching of salts needed by the body, so when rinsing the stomach with water, do not forget to salt it.

Every 1000 kilocalories eaten should be washed down with a liter of water. The average daily diet of a city resident is 2000-2500 kcal, the total daily requirement is 2-2.5 liters. A person receives about a liter of liquid from food, in the wet residue - 1.5-2 liters, the daily norm for a healthy person. Too much 3-7 times can lead to so-called water poisoning, or water intoxication - a disruption of water-salt metabolism in the body. The kidneys simply will not have time to remove everything that has been drunk from the body, the salt concentration will drop, and water will begin to fill the intracellular environment. The result is swelling of the brain, lungs, etc. In cases of fatal water poisoning known to medicine, people drank at least 7 liters in less than 24 hours. If you drain the cooler alone during the working day and then it’s over.

In January 2007, the Sacramento, California radio station KDND featured a Nintendo Wii console in its morning show. The competition was called Hold Your Wee for a Wii (something like “Don't pee - excel”), and the participants in the studio had to drink as much water as possible without the opportunity to “go out”. Jennifer Strange, 28, a mother of three, was one of the finalists but did not win the prize. Later that day, she complained of a severe headache and even had to take time off from work. The next morning she was found dead - doctors declared death as a result of water intoxication. During the radio show, Jennifer drank about 7.5 liters of water.

2. Salt

The lethal dose is 3.0 g/kg (grams per kilogram of body weight).

The daily need for salt is 1.5-4 g, and in hot climates, as a result of increased sweating, it is several times higher.

Ordinary table salt in large quantities is poison - the lethal dose is 100 times higher than the daily intake and is 3 grams per 1 kilogram of body weight, that is, for a person weighing 83 kg, the lethal dose is a quarter of a kilogram pack.

Due to an excess of salt in the blood, blood pressure will rise sharply (which is dangerous in itself), and this will be accompanied by severe edema (1 g of sodium chloride leads to 100 ml of fluid being retained in the body). Most likely, swelling of the brain and lungs will occur and as a result - the end.

3. Sugar

Lethal dose of sugar: 29.7 g/kg (grams per kilogram of body weight).

146 Reasons Why Sugar Is Ruining Your Health:

According to the latest data from American researchers, sucrose (sugar):

1. Helps reduce immunity (an effective immunosuppressant).

2. May cause disruption of mineral metabolism.

3. Can lead to irritability, anxiety, impaired attention, and childish whims.

4. Reduces the functional activity of enzymes.

5. Helps reduce resistance to bacterial infections.

6. May cause kidney damage.

7. Reduces the level of high-density lipoproteins.

8. Leads to a deficiency of the microelement chromium.

9. Contributes to the occurrence of breast, ovarian, intestinal, prostate, and rectal cancer.

10. Increases glucose and insulin levels.

11. Causes deficiency of the microelement copper.

12. Interferes with the absorption of calcium and magnesium.

13. Impairs vision.

14. Increases the concentration of the neurotransmitter serotonin.

15. May cause hypoglycemia (low glucose levels).

16. Helps increase the acidity of digested food.

17. May increase adrenaline levels in children.

18. Leads to malabsorption of nutrients.

19. Accelerates the onset of age-related changes.

20. Contributes to the development of alcoholism.

21. Causes tooth decay.

22. Promotes obesity.

23. Increases the risk of developing ulcerative colitis.

24. Leads to exacerbation of peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum.

25. May lead to the development of arthritis.

26. Provokes attacks of bronchial asthma.

27. Contributes to the occurrence of fungal diseases.

28. Can cause the formation of gallstones.

29. Increases the risk of coronary heart disease.

30. Provokes exacerbation of chronic appendicitis.

31. Promotes the appearance of hemorrhoids.

32. Increases the likelihood of varicose veins.

33. May cause elevated glucose and insulin levels in women using hormonal birth control pills.

34. Contributes to the occurrence of periodontal disease.

35. Increases the risk of developing osteoporosis.

36. Increases acidity.

37. May impair insulin sensitivity.

38. Leads to decreased glucose tolerance.

39. May reduce growth hormone production.

40. Can increase cholesterol levels.

41. Helps increase systolic pressure.

42. Causes drowsiness in children.

43. May cause multiple sclerosis.

44. Causes headaches.

45. Interferes with the absorption of proteins.

46. ​​Causes food allergies.

47. Contributes to the development of diabetes.

48. May cause toxicosis in pregnant women.

49. Provokes eczema in children.

50. Predisposes to the development of cardiovascular diseases.

51. May disrupt DNA structure.

52. Causes disruption of protein structure.

53. By changing the structure of collagen, it promotes the early appearance of wrinkles.

54. Predisposes to the development of cataracts.

55. May cause damage to blood vessels.

56. Leads to the appearance of free radicals.

57. Provokes the development of atherosclerosis.

58. Contributes to the occurrence of pulmonary emphysema.

59. Sugar reduces the functionality of enzymes.

60. People suffering from Parkinson's disease consume sugar in large quantities.

61. Sugar can cause permanent changes in the action of proteins in the body.

62. Sugar can cause the liver to enlarge because it promotes cell division.

63. Sugar can lead to an increase in fat deposits in the liver area.

64. Sugar can cause an increase in the size of the kidneys and pathological changes in this organ.

65. Sugar can damage the pancreas.

66. Sugar promotes fluid retention in the body.

67. Sugar is the number 1 enemy of digestion.

68. Sugar can contribute to the development of myopia.

69. Sugar can harm the mucous membrane of the capillaries.

70. Sugar leads to weakening and fragility of tendons.

71. Sugar can cause headaches and migraines.

72. Sugar plays a significant role in the occurrence of pancreatic cancer in women.

73. Sugar can negatively affect children's academic results, as it causes difficulties in learning new material.

74. Sugar can cause an increase in delta, alpha and theta brain waves.

75. Sugar can cause depression.

76. Sugar increases the risk of developing stomach cancer.

77. Sugar is the cause of dyspepsia (indigestion).

78. Excess sugar can increase the risk of developing gout.

79. Excess sugar may increase glucose levels in an oral glucose tolerance test due to consumption of complex carbohydrates.

80. Excess sugar may increase insulin responses in people high in sugar diets compared to low sugar diets.

81 High sugar refined diets reduce learning ability.

82. Sugar can cause two blood proteins, albumin, and lipoproteins, to function less efficiently, which can reduce the body's ability to handle fat and cholesterol.

83. Sugar may contribute to Alzheimer's disease.

84. Sugar can cause platelets to become sticky.

85. Excess sugar can cause hormonal imbalance, and some thyroid hormones and others become overactive.

86. Sugar can lead to the formation of kidney stones.

87. Sugar can cause the hypothalamus to become very sensitive to a wide variety of stimuli.

88. Sugar can make you dizzy.

89. Diets high in sugar can cause free radical damage and oxidative stress.

*Do not consume caffeine after 2:00 p.m. Staying healthy is very important for normal functioning of the body, and caffeine can remain in the body for 8 hours or longer, so it is recommended to avoid or limit caffeine consumption in the afternoon to avoid sleep disturbances.

* Combine caffeine with fitness. Caffeine is better absorbed before fitness activities - it improves the effectiveness of training, and the positive effect of sports helps increase the body's resistance to stress and gives a boost of energy for the whole day.

Chocolate

The lethal dose of pure chocolate is from 10 to 50 kg. For humans, chocolate is more beneficial than harmful. The Mayans considered chocolate to be the food of the gods. Chocolate contains a substance called theobromine. This is an analogue of caffeine, it gently stimulates the cardiovascular and nervous systems, causing a surge of energy. Its effect is much weaker than that of caffeine, and therefore theobromine is completely harmless. High quality dark chocolate contains the most theobromine. To get a lethal dose of this substance, you need to eat, according to various sources, from ten to fifty kilograms of chocolate.

In addition to the stimulants theobromine, phenylethylamine and caffeine, chocolate contains small amounts of cannabinoids (chemicals from the same family as the constituents of marijuana). It is thanks to them that chocolate can truly improve your mood. The content of these substances is negligible and cannot produce a pronounced narcotic effect.

Alcohol

The lethal dose of alcohol is 7.06 g/kg (grams per kilogram of body weight). The lethal concentration of alcohol in the blood is considered to be 5-6 ppm.
5-6 ppm corresponds to 400-480 ml of pure alcohol drunk for an adult weighing 80 kg, or in other words, this is 1-1.2 liters of vodka, drunk in a short period of time (5-6 hours). Permille is one thousandth, 1/10 of a percent. 1 ppm of blood alcohol means that every liter of human blood consists of 999.0 ml of pure blood and 1 ml of pure alcohol. Pure alcohol is pure ethanol. So, 0.5 liters of vodka is approximately 200 ml of pure ethanol. Drank by a healthy 80-kilogram man, this half liter will turn into 2.5 ppm, which qualifies as a strong degree of intoxication.

Approximate scheme for determining the severity of alcohol intoxication:
no influence of alcohol - up to 0.5 ppm
mild degree of intoxication - 0.5 - 1.5 ppm
average degree of intoxication - 1.5 - 2.0 ppm
severe degree of intoxication - 2.0-3.0 ppm
severe poisoning - 3.0-5.0 ppm
fatal poisoning - more than 5.0 ppm
With a blood alcohol concentration of 3 ppm, death can occur.

Sun

The lethal dose is 8 hours of tanning in the heat. It takes 2 to 8 hours for a person to suffer severe heatstroke. First, weakness, headache, dizziness, tinnitus, then - an increase in temperature to 40-42ºС, nausea, increased heart rate and breathing, delirium, decreased blood pressure, loss of consciousness.

Nicotine

The lethal dose is 1 mg of nicotine per 1 kg of body weight. A strong 80-kilogram man will be cut off by 80 mg of nicotine. If we consider that each classic “Java” cigarette contains 0.8 mg, then the lethal dose is 100 cigarettes. Half a block at a time and you're done

Medicines and medicines

Lethal dose of iodine: more than 3 g
Lethal dose of analgin: more than 10 g
Lethal dose of aspirin: 0.2 g/kg or more than 30 g.
Lethal dose of paracetamol: 1.944 g/kg or more than 10 g, however, after 5 g, the consequences and symptoms of an overdose begin with complete and final liver failure.
With medications you can not only be cured, but also suffer from them, especially if, in an attempt to quickly achieve the desired effect, you increase the dose in the hope of a quick recovery.

Electricity

Lethal dose - more than 0.1 ampere. Currently, six American states (Alabama, Florida, South Carolina, Kentucky, Tennessee and Virginia) use the electric chair. Voltage - from 1700 to 2700 volts, current - up to 6 amperes (life-threatening - 0.1 amperes), two discharges lasting from 20 seconds to a minute each. If everything goes according to the regulations, the condemned person loses consciousness after 1/240 of a second and dies almost instantly.

Household electricity is also dangerous. Theoretically, by taking a long nail with a wet hand and sticking it into a regular socket with a voltage of 220 volts, you can receive a current discharge of up to 0.1-0.2 amperes (and the maximum current strength, at which a person is still able to independently tear his hand away from the contact, - 0.01 ampere). In 1-3 seconds, respiratory paralysis, heart failure and death will occur.

The lethal dose is 500,000 bites. A female mosquito, which weighs an average of 2.6 mg, can suck twice its weight in blood from you, that is, about 5 mg, or 0.005 ml. Blood is approximately 7% of the total body weight, 5-5.5 liters for the average man. A person can lose up to 15% of blood without harm to himself, but a one-time loss of 2-2.5 liters is considered fatal. Thus, if during a short walk through the summer forest you allow yourself to be bitten by half a million female mosquitoes, then it will definitely be the end.

Radiation

Lethal dose of radiation: 600 rem at a time. In one fluoroscopy session, a person receives from 3 to 66 rem, depending on the duration of the session and the area of ​​the body being examined (x-ray of the lungs is about 3-7 rem, of the hip joint - 66). Help for a person in case of an overdose should be immediate and begin with a call to an ambulance. Then you need to understand how the overdose occurred; if a person took something internally, then you need to urgently induce vomiting and do a gastric lavage, feed the victim the lion's dose of activated charcoal and give a laxative. If the person is not breathing or has no palpable pulse, perform artificial ventilation and/or chest compressions, depending on the situation, until doctors arrive.

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Lethal dose

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Every day we encounter products, substances and natural phenomena that can deal us a fatal blow. So, salt, sugar, water, coffee that we are used to in a certain dose can simply kill us. Paracelsus expressed all this in one simple phrase: “Everything is poison, everything is medicine, both are determined by the dose.”

• Alcohol

• Nicotine

• Caffeine

• Multivitamins

• Sun

• Salt

A lethal dose of salt is consuming 250 grams of salt at one time. Due to an excess of salt in the blood, the pressure will rise very sharply, and this process will be accompanied by severe edema. Most likely, cerebral edema will occur.

• Sugar

• Water

• Mosquitoes

• Paracetamol

There are toxic substances like mercury - just 200 milligrams can kill you. The authors of the YouTube channel AsapSCIENCE calculated lethal doses for everyday products such as coffee, sugar, chocolate and fruit.

For example, dangerous for an adult can be 70 cups of coffee, drunk in a row. The lethal dose of caffeine is 150−200 mg per kilogram of body weight. Such an amount can cause not vigor, but increased heart rate or even a heart attack.

Sugar is already associated with many diseases. But a single consumption of 29.7 grams per kilogram of body weight is considered fatal. For a person weighing 75 kilograms, the lethal dose is 10.5 glasses, or 2.2 kilograms of sugar at a time.

If we talk about alcohol, the critical level is 4-12 grams of ethanol per kilogram of weight. It means that 13 consecutive shots drunk strong drink can also be fatal. Ethanol is a depressant that depresses the central nervous system. It suppresses areas of the brain that control basic life functions such as breathing and heart rate.

Even just a large amount of liquid can be harmful to the body. If you drink about 6 liters of water, water intoxication will occur - a violation of water-salt metabolism in the body. This will cause brain cells to swell, which can cause headaches, seizures, coma, and even death in extreme cases.

But if you stop drinking water or eat too much salt, your brain cells will begin to shrink. This will lead to a condition known as hypernatremia. 48 teaspoons seasoning at a time - enough to cause a reaction that also leads to seizures, coma and even death. Also deadly 129 teaspoons pepper.

You may have heard that dogs should not be given chocolate. A substance dangerous to them - theobromine - can kill us too. True, our body processes theobromine more efficiently. The lethal dose for humans is 1000 mg per kilogram of weight. This is equivalent 85 chocolate bars eaten at one time.

You shouldn't overeat on toothpaste either. Fluorides are safe in small amounts and can fill cavities. But if you swallow 24 tubes of toothpaste volume of 170 milliliters, this could be fatal.

Everyone always says to eat more fruit. However, to get an overdose of vitamin C, you only need to eat 11 thousand oranges at a time.

What is beneficial in small doses can be deadly in large doses - for example, potassium. Potassium ions are essential for nerve signals and muscle contractions. However, potassium chloride is also used for lethal injections. Need to eat about 480 bananas to reach the injection quantity. True, it is not a fact that the human stomach can withstand this.

Insulin overdose is a common problem in people suffering from type 1 diabetes.

This phenomenon occurs because an imbalance in the level of glucose in the blood can lead to certain consequences, regardless of which way the balance is disturbed.

• general weakness and thirst;
• nausea;
• gastrointestinal disorders;
• circulatory disorders;
• blocking nerve impulses.

Symptoms of insulin poisoning

People who have diabetes mellitus and insulin dependence have need for daily receiving the required amount of hormone by injection.

The frequency and dosage of the hormonal drug must be observed exactly as prescribed. This is due to the fact that an excess of the hormone in the human body leads to quite serious consequences.

Symptoms of overdose can be presented in the following list:

• increased dehydration (thirst);
• numbness of the tongue muscles;
• dizziness and foggy consciousness;
• muscle weakness and mild tremors of the limbs;
• cold sweat.

The observation of such a set of signs indicates a sharp drop in glucose in the blood, that is, the occurrence of hypoglycemic syndrome.

A common belief is that for a completely healthy person, taking even minute amounts of synthetic insulin is fatal.

However, this factor is a myth; according to rough calculations by experts, a lethal dose of insulin should exceed 100 IU. At the same time, there are known cases of overestimation of this figure by up to 30 times, without any consequences.

If the imbalance is not restored, there is a high risk of developing hypoglycemic coma.

Hypoglycemic coma

With an overdose of insulin, the lack of glucose in the insulin-dependent organs and cells of the body gradually leads to the so-called hypoglycemic coma.

There is a division of the presented state into 4 main stages, each of which is characterized by individual characteristics. The stages of hypoglycemia are as follows:

1. At the first stage of development of hypoglycemic coma, oxygen starvation of the cerebral cortex occurs. The symptoms coincide with the primary signs of a problem such as insulin overdose.
2. The second stage of coma development is expressed in damage to the hypothalamic-pituitary part of the human brain. External manifestations are increased sweating and inappropriate behavior.
3. A condition similar to an epileptic seizure may indicate the beginning of the third stage of coma. Disturbances in the functioning of the midbrain. At this time, dilation of the pupils and convulsions are observed.
4. Insulin poisoning that progressed to fourth stage development of coma is a critical condition. The main characteristic of this position is loss of consciousness and increased heart rate.

In case of inaction at the beginning of the coma processes, cerebral edema gradually develops and death occurs.

If we talk about timely provision of medical care under such circumstances, there are also consequences: the patient becomes more dependent on the use of a synthetic hormonal drug.

In addition, such a scenario as chronic insulin overdose syndrome (CHOS) or Somogyi syndrome should be taken into account.

What is SKhPI?

It is not entirely correct to equate CPSI with a problem such as Somogyi syndrome. If you look at it more broadly, CSPI gradually leads to the emergence of the presented syndrome.

Somogyi syndrome is a disorder in which there is a sharp rise in blood sugar due to hypoglycemic conditions. Otherwise it is called “rebound syndrome”.

Chronic overdoses of insulin gradually lead the body to a situation where, after a decrease in the present glucose level, a sharp increase occurs.

If we talk about chronic insulin overdose, it is possible to indicate the following symptomatic indicators:

1. There are sharp jumps in blood sugar.
2. Frequent hypoglycemic conditions, both obvious and hidden.
3. Increased body weight and constant feeling of hunger.
4. As insulin levels rise, the signs of diabetes only worsen.

There are two main methods for correcting the situation with an insulin overdose: home use and medical use.

Increasing glucose levels in limited conditions is possible by taking sweet foods:

• sweet bun;
• chocolate or candy bar;
• tea with sugar;
• sweet compote;
• glucose tablet.

According to medical methodology, the patient is given an injection of glucose - the dosage of the drug is calculated according to the main indications.

When trying to normalize low sugar, you should be careful.

This is due to the fact that excessive amounts of carbohydrates taken by a person suffering from diabetes can lead to serious dehydration.

Ask an expert a question in the comments

LETHAL DOSES

WATER

Lethal dose - 14 liters, drunk in a short time (3 - 5 hours). 1.5-2 liters of water is the daily requirement for a healthy person. Too much 3-4 times can lead to so-called water poisoning, or water intoxication - a disruption of water-salt metabolism in the body. The kidneys simply will not have time to remove everything that has been drunk from the body, the salt concentration will drop, and water will begin to fill the intracellular environment. The result is swelling of the brain, lungs, etc. Death occurs from the leaching of salts needed by the body, so when rinsing the stomach with water, do not forget to salt it.

Show hidden text

SALT

lethal dose - 250 g in one sitting
The lethal dose is 3.0 g/kg (grams per kilogram of body weight). The daily need for salt is 1.5-4 g, and in hot climates, as a result of increased sweating, it is several times higher.
Ordinary table salt in large quantities is poison - the lethal dose is 100 times higher than the daily intake and is 3 grams per 1 kilogram of body weight, that is, for a person weighing 83 kg, the lethal dose is a quarter of a kilogram pack.
Due to an excess of salt in the blood, blood pressure will rise sharply (which is dangerous in itself), and this will be accompanied by severe edema (1 g of sodium chloride leads to 100 ml of fluid being retained in the body). Most likely, swelling of the brain and lungs will occur and as a result - the end.

SUGAR

Sweet tooth? even more not funny. And if you are grinning now, I hasten to disappoint you, the consequences and symptoms of a sugar overdose are no less painful. The lethal dose is not much higher. Believe it or not, a regular package of granulated sugar can kill 5 people.
Lethal dose of sugar: 200 grams.

COFFEE

Lethal dose of caffeine: 150 to 200 mg per kilogram of weight. In a good espresso, which in its native Italy is more like a sip of adrenaline, a standard “shot” (30 ml) contains no less than 100 mg of caffeine.

Order 150 cups (only 4.5 liters) - and you're done.

CHOCOLATE

The lethal dose of pure chocolate is 10 grams per 1 kilogram of live weight. This is approximately from 5 to 10 kg. For a person, chocolate is more useful than harmful. The Mayans considered chocolate to be the food of the gods. Chocolate contains a substance called theobromine. This is an analogue of caffeine, it gently stimulates the cardiovascular and nervous systems, causing a surge of energy. Its effect is much weaker than that of caffeine, and therefore theobromine is completely harmless. High quality dark chocolate contains the most theobromine. To get a lethal dose of this substance, you need to eat, according to various sources, from ten to fifty kilograms of chocolate.

In addition to the stimulants theobromine, phenylethylamine and caffeine, chocolate contains small amounts of cannabinoids (chemicals from the same family as the constituents of marijuana). It is thanks to them that chocolate can truly improve your mood. The content of these substances is negligible and cannot produce a pronounced narcotic effect. But it is also known that chocolate is addictive. There are known cases of chocolate addiction and chocolate withdrawal. This is when, without a portion of chocolate, a person begins to experience tachycardia, blood pressure rises, and mood worsens...

ALCOHOL

The lethal dose of alcohol is 7.06 g/kg (grams per kilogram of body weight). The lethal concentration of alcohol in the blood is considered to be 5-6 ppm.
5-6 ppm corresponds to 400-480 ml of pure alcohol drunk for an adult weighing 80 kg, or in other words, this is 1-1.2 liters of vodka, drunk in a short period of time (5-6 hours). Permille is one thousandth, 1/10 of a percent. 1 ppm of blood alcohol means that every liter of human blood consists of 999.0 ml of pure blood and 1 ml of pure alcohol. Pure alcohol is pure ethanol. So, 0.5 liters of vodka is approximately 200 ml of pure ethanol. Drank by a healthy 80-kilogram man, this half liter will turn into 2.5 ppm, which qualifies as a strong degree of intoxication

Approximate scheme for determining the severity of alcohol intoxication:
no influence of alcohol - up to 0.5 ppm
mild degree of intoxication - 0.5 - 1.5 ppm
average degree of intoxication - 1.5 - 2.0 ppm
severe degree of intoxication - 2.0-3.0 ppm
severe poisoning - 3.0-5.0 ppm
fatal poisoning - more than 5.0 ppm
With a blood alcohol concentration of 3 ppm, death can occur.

SUN

The lethal dose is 8 hours of tanning in the heat. It takes 2 to 8 hours for a person to suffer severe heatstroke. First, weakness, headache, dizziness, tinnitus, then an increase in temperature to 40-42ºС, nausea, increased heart rate and breathing, delirium, decreased blood pressure, loss of consciousness.

NICOTINE

The lethal dose is 1 mg of nicotine per 1 kg of body weight. A strong 80-kilogram man will be cut off by 80 mg of nicotine. If we consider that each classic “Java” cigarette contains 0.8 mg, then the lethal dose is 100 cigarettes. Half a block at a time and you're done

DRUGS AND MEDICINES

ASPIRIN

Lethal dose of aspirin: 0.2 g/kg or more than 30 g.

IODINE

Lethal dose of iodine: more than 3 g

ANALGIN

Lethal dose of analgin: more than 10 g

PARACITAMOL

Lethal dose of paracetamol: 1.944 g/kg or more than 10 g, however, after 5 g, the consequences and symptoms of an overdose begin with complete and final liver failure.

MULTIVITAMINS

lethal dose -5000 tablets per day
Vitamins can also kill you. There is even such a concept - hypervitaminosis. For example, the consequences of an overdose of vitamin A: headache, dizziness, nausea, increased heart rate, loss of consciousness and convulsions. Vitamin B1: liver and kidney dysfunction. Vitamin B12: increased heart rate, increased blood clotting. Vitamin D2: weakness, thirst, vomiting, fever, increased blood pressure, difficulty breathing, slow heart rate. Vitamin E: metabolic disorders, thrombophlebitis, necrotizing colitis, renal failure, retinal hemorrhage, hemorrhagic stroke.
To be sure, you should, of course, take multivitamin complexes. To get a lethal dose of, for example, vitamins A and D, you will have to take up to 5,000 tablets. Moreover, in a short period of time, so that the body does not have time to remove them with urine.

Scientists have established lethal doses for humans of various everyday products, substances and phenomena.

Everything has a lethal dosage, even water, salt and sugar, let alone tobacco, alcohol and especially hard drugs like heroin or amphetamine, the slightest excess of the dose when used can lead to an overdose and death. The article provides a list of lethal doses of what we encounter in everyday life, from water to sunlight.

The concept of “lethal dose” means the amount of a substance after which almost any normal person will die 100%. Due to the fact that all people are different, for some, an overdose with subsequent death can occur much earlier and from much smaller quantities, so do not think that “before” means it is possible, do not try to find the limit of your body! And remember - the use of any drugs causes irreparable harm to health and leads to the development of drug addiction!

Lethal doses of various substances when taken orally

Doses of acute poisoning are given for adults who are not addicted to poison

1. Water

The lethal dose is 14 liters, drunk in a short time (3 – 5 hours).

1.5-2 liters of water is the daily requirement for a healthy person. Too much 3-4 times can lead to so-called water poisoning, or water intoxication - a disruption of water-salt metabolism in the body. The kidneys simply will not have time to remove everything that has been drunk from the body, the salt concentration will drop, and water will begin to fill the intracellular environment. The result is swelling of the brain, lungs, etc. Death occurs from the leaching of salts needed by the body, so when rinsing the stomach with water, do not forget to salt it.

Every 1000 kilocalories eaten should be washed down with a liter of water. The average daily diet of a city resident is 2000-2500 kcal, the total daily requirement is 2-2.5 liters. A person receives about a liter of liquid from food, in the wet residue - 1.5-2 liters, the daily norm for a healthy person. Too much 3-7 times can lead to so-called water poisoning, or water intoxication - a disruption of water-salt metabolism in the body. The kidneys simply will not have time to remove everything that has been drunk from the body, the salt concentration will drop, and water will begin to fill the intracellular environment. The result is swelling of the brain, lungs, etc. In cases of fatal water poisoning known to medicine, people drank at least 7 liters in less than 24 hours. If you drain the cooler alone during the working day and then it’s over.

In January 2007, the Sacramento, California radio station KDND featured a Nintendo Wii console in its morning show. The competition was called Hold Your Wee for a Wii (something like “Don't pee - excel”), and the participants in the studio had to drink as much water as possible without the opportunity to “go out”. Jennifer Strange, 28, a mother of three, was one of the finalists but did not win the prize. Later that day, she complained of a severe headache and even had to take time off from work. The next morning she was found dead - doctors declared death as a result of water intoxication. During the radio show, Jennifer drank about 7.5 liters of water.

2. Salt

The lethal dose is 3.0 g/kg (grams per kilogram of body weight).

The daily need for salt is 1.5-4 g, and in hot climates, as a result of increased sweating, it is several times higher.

Ordinary table salt in large quantities is poison - the lethal dose is 100 times higher than the daily intake and is 3 grams per 1 kilogram of body weight, that is, for a person weighing 83 kg, the lethal dose is a quarter of a kilogram pack.

Due to an excess of salt in the blood, blood pressure will rise sharply (which is dangerous in itself), and this will be accompanied by severe edema (1 g of sodium chloride leads to 100 ml of fluid being retained in the body). Most likely, swelling of the brain and lungs will occur and as a result - the end.

3. Sugar

Lethal dose of sugar: 29.7 g/kg (grams per kilogram of body weight).

146 Reasons Why Sugar Is Ruining Your Health:

According to the latest data from American researchers, sucrose (sugar):

1. Helps reduce immunity (an effective immunosuppressant).

2. May cause disruption of mineral metabolism.

3. Can lead to irritability, anxiety, impaired attention, and childish whims.

4. Reduces the functional activity of enzymes.

5. Helps reduce resistance to bacterial infections.

6. May cause kidney damage.

7. Reduces the level of high-density lipoproteins.

8. Leads to a deficiency of the microelement chromium.

9. Contributes to the occurrence of breast, ovarian, intestinal, prostate, and rectal cancer.

10. Increases glucose and insulin levels.

11. Causes deficiency of the microelement copper.

12. Interferes with the absorption of calcium and magnesium.

13. Impairs vision.

14. Increases the concentration of the neurotransmitter serotonin.

15. May cause hypoglycemia (low glucose levels).

16. Helps increase the acidity of digested food.

17. May increase adrenaline levels in children.

18. Leads to malabsorption of nutrients.

19. Accelerates the onset of age-related changes.

20. Contributes to the development of alcoholism.

21. Causes tooth decay.

22. Promotes obesity.

23. Increases the risk of developing ulcerative colitis.

24. Leads to exacerbation of peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum.

25. May lead to the development of arthritis.

26. Provokes attacks of bronchial asthma.

27. Contributes to the occurrence of fungal diseases.

28. Can cause the formation of gallstones.

29. Increases the risk of coronary heart disease.

30. Provokes exacerbation of chronic appendicitis.

31. Promotes the appearance of hemorrhoids.

32. Increases the likelihood of varicose veins.

33. May cause elevated glucose and insulin levels in women using hormonal birth control pills.

34. Contributes to the occurrence of periodontal disease.

35. Increases the risk of developing osteoporosis.

36. Increases acidity.

37. May impair insulin sensitivity.

38. Leads to decreased glucose tolerance.

39. May reduce growth hormone production.

40. Can increase cholesterol levels.

41. Helps increase systolic pressure.

42. Causes drowsiness in children.

43. May cause multiple sclerosis.

44. Causes headaches.

45. Interferes with the absorption of proteins.

46. ​​Causes food allergies.

47. Contributes to the development of diabetes.

48. May cause toxicosis in pregnant women.

49. Provokes eczema in children.

50. Predisposes to the development of cardiovascular diseases.

51. May disrupt DNA structure.

52. Causes disruption of protein structure.

53. By changing the structure of collagen, it promotes the early appearance of wrinkles.

54. Predisposes to the development of cataracts.

55. May cause damage to blood vessels.

56. Leads to the appearance of free radicals.

57. Provokes the development of atherosclerosis.

58. Contributes to the occurrence of pulmonary emphysema.

59. Sugar reduces the functionality of enzymes.

60. People suffering from Parkinson's disease consume sugar in large quantities.

61. Sugar can cause permanent changes in the action of proteins in the body.

62. Sugar can cause the liver to enlarge because it promotes cell division.

63. Sugar can lead to an increase in fat deposits in the liver area.

64. Sugar can cause an increase in the size of the kidneys and pathological changes in this organ.

65. Sugar can damage the pancreas.

66. Sugar promotes fluid retention in the body.

67. Sugar is the number one enemy of digestion.

68. Sugar can contribute to the development of myopia.

69. Sugar can harm the mucous membrane of the capillaries.

70. Sugar leads to weakening and fragility of tendons.

71. Sugar can cause headaches and migraines.

72. Sugar plays a significant role in the occurrence of pancreatic cancer in women.

73. Sugar can negatively affect children's academic results, as it causes difficulties in learning new material.

74. Sugar can cause an increase in delta, alpha and theta brain waves.

75. Sugar can cause depression.

76. Sugar increases the risk of developing stomach cancer.

77. Sugar is the cause of dyspepsia (indigestion).

78. Excess sugar can increase the risk of developing gout.

79. Excess sugar may increase glucose levels in an oral glucose tolerance test due to consumption of complex carbohydrates.

80. Excess sugar may increase insulin responses in people high in sugar diets compared to low sugar diets.

81 High sugar refined diets reduce learning ability.

82. Sugar can cause two blood proteins, albumin, and lipoproteins, to function less efficiently, which can reduce the body's ability to handle fat and cholesterol.

83. Sugar may contribute to Alzheimer's disease.

84. Sugar can cause platelets to become sticky.

85. Excess sugar can cause hormonal imbalance, and some thyroid hormones and others become overactive.

86. Sugar can lead to the formation of kidney stones.

87. Sugar can cause the hypothalamus to become very sensitive to a wide variety of stimuli.

88. Sugar can make you dizzy.

89. Diets high in sugar can cause free radical damage and oxidative stress.

90. High sucrose diets of patients with peripheral vascular disease significantly increases platelet adhesion.

91. High sugar diets can lead to bile duct cancer.

92. Sugar channels cancer.

93. High sugar intake in pregnant adolescent girls is associated with a twofold increased risk of delivering a small for gestational age (SGA) infant.

94. High sugar intake may lead to a significant reduction in pregnancy duration among adolescents.

95. Sugar slows down the transit time of food through the gastrointestinal tract.

96. Sugar increases the concentration of bile acids in the stool and bacterial enzymes in the colon. This can change the bile to produce cancer-causing compounds and colon cancer.

97. Sugar increases estradiol (the most effective form of natural estrogen) in men.

98. Sugar combines and destroys phosphatase, an enzyme that makes the digestion process more difficult.

99. Sugar may be a risk factor for gallbladder cancer.

100. Sugar addiction.

101. Sugar can be intoxicating, similar to alcohol.

102. Sugar can make PMS worse.

103. Sugar given to premature babies can affect the amount of carbon dioxide they produce.

104. Reducing your sugar intake can improve emotional stability.

105. The body metabolizes 2 to 5 times more blood sugar than it does starch.

106. Rapid absorption of sugar is promoted by excessive food intake in obese subjects.

107. Sugar may worsen symptoms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

108. Sugar negatively affects the urinary electrolyte composition.

109. Sugar can slow down the adrenal glands' ability to function.

110. Sugar has the potential to cause abnormal metabolic processes in normal healthy people and contribute to chronic degenerative diseases.

111. Intravenous injection of sugar with water can cut off the supply of oxygen to the brain.

112. High sucrose intake may be an important risk factor for lung cancer.

113. Sugar increases the risk of polio.

114. High sugar intake can cause epileptic seizures.

115. Sugar causes high blood pressure in obese people.

116. In intensive care units, limiting sugar saves lives.

117. Sugar can cause cell death.

118. Excess sugar can increase the amount of food you eat.

119. In juvenile rehabilitation camps, when children were put on a sugar diet, there was a 44% drop in antisocial behavior.

120. Sugar can lead to prostrate cancer.

121. Sugar dehydrates newborns.

122. Sugar increases estradiol in young men.

123. Sugar can cause low birth weight babies.

124. High intake of refined sugar is associated with worse outcome in schizophrenia.

125. Sugar can raise homocysteine ​​levels in the blood.

126. Sugary foods increase the risk of breast cancer.

127. Sugar is a risk factor for small intestinal cancer.

128. Sugar can cause laryngeal cancer.

129. Sugar causes salts and water.

130. Sugar may contribute to minor memory loss.

131. As sugar increases in the diet by 10 years of age, there is a linear decrease in the intake of many essential nutrients.

132. Excess sugar can increase your total food intake.

133. Providing newborn sugar results in an increased preference for sucrose over water at 6 months to 2 years.

134. Sugar causes constipation.

135. Sugar causes varicose veins.

136. Sugar can cause brain breakdown in prediabetic and diabetic women.

137. Excess sugar may increase the risk of stomach cancer.

138. Sugar can cause metabolic syndrome.

139. Sugar intake by pregnant women increases neural tube defects in embryos.

140. Sugar may be a factor in asthma.

141. The higher your sugar intake, the greater your chance of getting irritable bowel syndrome.

142. Sugar can affect central reward systems.

143. Sugar can cause colon cancer.

144. Sugar can cause endometrial cancer.

145. Sugar can cause kidney cancer.

146. Sugar can cause liver tumors.

The World Health Organization considers the norm for sugar consumption - harmless to health - to be 38 kg per year per person.

4. Coffee

Lethal dose of caffeine: 150 to 200 mg per kilogram of weight.

In a good espresso, which in its native Italy is more like a sip of adrenaline, a standard “shot” (30 ml) contains no less than 100 mg of caffeine. Order 150 cups (4.5 liters in total) - and you’re done.

Considering the possible negative and positive health effects, caffeine can be a friend for us, if, of course, we do not abuse its “friendship”. Here's what to remember about caffeine:

*Do not consume caffeine in large quantities. Due to the health risks (see above) and the potential for physical dependence, it is recommended to limit caffeine consumption to 2 cups of coffee per day (symptoms during abstinence: cravings, headaches, fatigue and muscle pain).

*Do not consume caffeine after 2:00 p.m. Healthy, sound sleep is very important for normal functioning of the body, and caffeine can remain in the body for 8 hours or longer, so it is recommended to avoid or limit caffeine consumption in the afternoon to avoid sleep disturbances.

* Combine caffeine with fitness. Caffeine is better absorbed before fitness activities - it improves the effectiveness of training, and the positive effect of sports helps increase the body's resistance to stress and gives a boost of energy for the whole day.

5. Chocolate

The lethal dose of pure chocolate is from 10 to 50 kg.

For humans, chocolate is more beneficial than harmful. The Mayans considered chocolate to be the food of the gods.

Chocolate contains a substance called theobromine. This is an analogue of caffeine, it gently stimulates the cardiovascular and nervous systems, causing a surge of energy. Its effect is much weaker than that of caffeine, and therefore theobromine is completely harmless. High quality dark chocolate contains the most theobromine. To get a lethal dose of this substance, you need to eat, according to various sources, from ten to fifty kilograms of chocolate.

In addition to the stimulants theobromine, phenylethylamine and caffeine, chocolate contains small amounts of cannabinoids (chemicals from the same family as the constituents of marijuana). It is thanks to them that chocolate can truly improve your mood. The content of these substances is negligible and cannot produce a pronounced narcotic effect.

6. Alcohol

The lethal dose of alcohol is 7.06 g/kg (grams per kilogram of body weight).

The lethal concentration of alcohol in the blood is considered to be 5-6 ppm.

5-6 ppm corresponds to 400-480 ml of pure alcohol drunk for an adult weighing 80 kg, or in other words, this is 1-1.2 liters of vodka, drunk in a short period of time (5-6 hours). Permille is one thousandth, 1/10 of a percent. 1 ppm of blood alcohol means that every liter of human blood consists of 999.0 ml of pure blood and 1 ml of pure alcohol. Pure alcohol is pure ethanol. So, 0.5 liters of vodka is approximately 200 ml of pure ethanol. Drank by a healthy 80-kilogram man, this half liter will turn into 2.5 ppm, which qualifies as a strong degree of intoxication.

Approximate scheme for determining the severity of alcohol intoxication:

• no influence of alcohol - up to 0.5 ppm
• mild degree of intoxication - 0.5 - 1.5 ppm
• average degree of intoxication - 1.5 - 2.0 ppm
• severe degree of intoxication - 2.0-3.0 ppm
• severe poisoning - 3.0-5.0 ppm
• fatal poisoning - more than 5.0 ppm

With a blood alcohol concentration of 3 ppm, death can occur.

7. Sun

The lethal dose is 8 hours of tanning in the heat.

It takes 2 to 8 hours for a person to suffer severe heatstroke. First, weakness, headache, dizziness, tinnitus, then - an increase in temperature to 40-42? C, nausea, increased heart rate and breathing, delirium, decreased blood pressure, loss of consciousness.

First aid:

The victim must be moved to the shade and given a cold compress. In severe cases - artificial respiration.

URGENTLY! Eliminate heat exposure:

• remove the victim from the overheated zone;
• lay in an open area in the shade;
• inhalation of ammonia vapor from cotton wool;
• free from outer clothing;
• wetting the face with cold water, patting the chest with a wet towel;
• put a bottle of cold water on your head;
• frequent fanning;
• call an ambulance.

To avoid sunstroke, in hot sunny weather it is recommended to wear hats made of light-colored material that reflects sunlight more strongly.

8. Nicotine

The lethal dose is 1 mg of nicotine per 1 kg of body weight.

A strong 80-kilogram man will be cut off by 80 mg of nicotine. If we consider that each classic “Java” cigarette contains 0.8 mg, then the lethal dose is 100 cigarettes. Half a block at a time and you're done.

9. Multivitamins

The lethal dose is 5000 tablets per day.

Vitamins can also be deadly. There is even such a concept - hypervitaminosis. For example, the consequences of an overdose of vitamin A: headache, dizziness, nausea, increased heart rate, loss of consciousness and convulsions; vitamin B1 - liver and kidney dysfunction; vitamin B12 - increased heart rate, increased blood clotting; vitamin D2 - weakness, thirst, vomiting, fever, increased blood pressure, difficulty breathing, slow heart rate; vitamin E - metabolic disorders, thrombophlebitis, necrotizing colitis, renal failure, retinal hemorrhage, hemorrhagic stroke.

To be sure, you should, of course, take multivitamin complexes. To get a lethal dose of, for example, vitamins A and D, you will have to take up to 5,000 tablets. Moreover, in a short period of time, so that the body does not have time to remove them with urine.

The lethal dose of vitamin C is 11.9 g/kg.

10. Medicines and medicines

Lethal dose of iodine: more than 3 g

Lethal dose of analgin: more than 10 g

Lethal dose of aspirin: 0.2 g/kg or more than 30 g.

Lethal dose of paracetamol: 1.944 g/kg or more than 10 g, however, after 5 g, the consequences and symptoms of an overdose begin with complete and final liver failure.

With medications you can not only be cured, but also suffer from them, especially if, in an attempt to quickly achieve the desired effect, you increase the dose in the hope of a quick recovery.

11. Electricity

The lethal dose is more than 0.1 ampere.

Currently, six American states (Alabama, Florida, South Carolina, Kentucky, Tennessee and Virginia) use the electric chair. Voltage - from 1700 to 2700 volts, current - up to 6 amperes (life-threatening - 0.1 amperes), two discharges lasting from 20 seconds to a minute each. If everything goes according to the regulations, the condemned person loses consciousness after 1/240 of a second and dies almost instantly.

Household electricity is also dangerous. Theoretically, by taking a long nail with a wet hand and sticking it into a regular socket with a voltage of 220 volts, you can receive a current discharge of up to 0.1-0.2 amperes (and the maximum current strength, at which a person is still able to independently tear his hand away from the contact, - 0.01 ampere). In 1-3 seconds, respiratory paralysis, heart failure and death will occur.

12. Drugs

Lethal dose of heroin: 22 mg/kg.

Lethal dose of amphetamine: 120 mg

Lethal dose of LSD: 0.0165 g/kg. Death, as a consequence and symptom of an overdose, occurs from respiratory arrest.

Lethal dose of cocaine: 0.5-1.2 g.

The human body has a feature that has already caused many deaths from drug overdoses, namely the gradual acquisition of immunity to certain poisons and pushing back the threshold for a lethal dose. Thus, a person using a drug for the first time under the guidance of an experienced drug addict may foolishly take the same dose as him, which will certainly lead to tragedy.

13. Mosquitoes

The lethal dose is 500,000 bites.

A female mosquito, which weighs an average of 2.6 mg, can suck twice its weight in blood from you, that is, about 5 mg, or 0.005 ml. Blood is approximately 7% of the total body weight, 5-5.5 liters for the average man. A person can lose up to 15% of blood without harm to himself, but a one-time loss of 2-2.5 liters is considered fatal. Thus, if during a short walk through the summer forest you allow yourself to be bitten by half a million female mosquitoes, then it will definitely be the end.

14. Radiation

Lethal dose of radiation: 600 rem at a time.

During one fluoroscopy session, a person receives from 3 to 66 rem, depending on the duration of the session and the area of ​​the body being examined (x-ray of the lungs is about 3-7 rem, of the hip joint - 66).

Radioactivity can be measured in various units - in becquerels, curies, roentgens, rutherfords, grays, sieverts, etc., and radiation power - in the same units per unit of time (second, hour, day, week, month, year ). Let's talk about the basic units of measurement of radioactivity, most often found in periodicals.

1 roentgen is a dose of x-rays (or gamma rays) that produces 2.08*109 ion pairs in 1 cm3 of air (or 1.61*1012 ion pairs in 1 g of air).

1 rem (biological equivalent of a roentgen) is a dose of any radiation that produces the same biological effect as 1 roentgen of x-rays or gamma radiation.

The degree of exposure is measured in rads. The word “rad” is derived from the English radiation absorbed dose - absorbed dose of radiation. 1 rad is radiation at which each kilogram of mass of a substance (say, the human body) absorbs 0.01 J of energy (or 1 g of mass absorbs 100 ergs). For ordinary practical calculations, we can assume that roentgens, rads and rem are equal to each other: 1 roentgen = 1 rad = 1 rem.

The figure shows the power of various radioactive sources and shows their effect on living organisms. The upper central scale indicates the radiation that can be observed at the epicenter of the explosion of an atomic and hydrogen bomb at certain time intervals - an hour, a day, etc. The lower left scale shows the power of radioactive sources that we encounter in everyday life. Natural radioactive background is formed due to cosmic rays, radiation from soil containing radioactive substances, and from radioactive fallout.

The scale on the right shows the average lethal doses for various animals. If a person receives a radiation dose of 400 roentgens in a short time, say, an hour, then with a 50% probability it can be said that it is fatal. If the radiation dose increases to 600 roentgens, the probability of death will increase to 98%.

What to do in case of overdose?

Help for a person in case of an overdose should be immediate and begin with a call to an ambulance. Then you need to understand how the overdose occurred; if a person took something internally, then you need to urgently induce vomiting and do a gastric lavage, feed the victim the lion's dose of activated charcoal and give a laxative. If the person is not breathing or has no palpable pulse, perform artificial ventilation and/or chest compressions, depending on the situation, until doctors arrive.

Materials used

Scientists have established lethal doses for humans of various everyday products, substances and phenomena.

Everything has a lethal dosage, even water, salt and sugar, let alone tobacco, alcohol and especially hard drugs like heroin or amphetamine, the slightest excess of the dose when used can lead to an overdose and death. The article provides a list of lethal doses of what we encounter in everyday life, from water to sunlight.

The concept of “lethal dose” means the amount of a substance after which almost any normal person will die 100%. Due to the fact that all people are different, for some, an overdose with subsequent death can occur much earlier and from much smaller quantities, so do not think that “before” means it is possible, do not try to find the limit of your body! And remember - the use of any drugs causes irreparable harm to health and leads to the development of drug addiction!

Lethal doses of various substances when taken orally

Doses of acute poisoning are given for adults who are not addicted to poison

1. Water

Lethal dose - 14 liters, drunk in a short time (3 - 5 hours).

30. Provokes exacerbation of chronic appendicitis.

31. Promotes the appearance of hemorrhoids.

33. May cause elevated glucose and insulin levels in women using hormonal birth control pills.

34. Contributes to the occurrence of periodontal disease.

35. Increases the risk of developing osteoporosis.

36. Increases acidity.

37. May impair insulin sensitivity.

38. Leads to decreased glucose tolerance.

39. May reduce growth hormone production.

40. Can increase cholesterol levels.

41. Helps increase systolic pressure.

42. Causes drowsiness in children.

43. May cause multiple sclerosis.

44. Causes headaches.

45. Interferes with the absorption of proteins.

46. ​​Causes food allergies.

47. Contributes to the development of diabetes.

48. May cause toxicosis in pregnant women.

49. Provokes eczema in children.

50. Predisposes to the development of cardiovascular diseases.

51. May disrupt DNA structure.

52. Causes disruption of protein structure.

53. By changing the structure of collagen, it promotes the early appearance of wrinkles.

54. Predisposes to the development of cataracts.

55. May cause damage to blood vessels.

56. Leads to the appearance of free radicals.

57. Provokes the development of atherosclerosis.

58. Contributes to the occurrence of pulmonary emphysema.

59. Sugar reduces the functionality of enzymes.

60. People suffering from Parkinson's disease consume sugar in large quantities.

61. Sugar can cause permanent changes in the action of proteins in the body.

62. Sugar can cause the liver to enlarge because it promotes cell division.

63. Sugar can lead to an increase in fat deposits in the liver area.

64. Sugar can cause an increase in the size of the kidneys and pathological changes in this organ.

65. Sugar can damage the pancreas.

66. Sugar promotes fluid retention in the body.

67. Sugar is the number 1 enemy of digestion.

68. Sugar can contribute to the development of myopia.

69. Sugar can harm the mucous membrane of the capillaries.

70. Sugar leads to weakening and fragility of tendons.

71. Sugar can cause headaches and migraines.

72. Sugar plays a significant role in the occurrence of pancreatic cancer in women.

73. Sugar can negatively affect children's academic results, as it causes difficulties in learning new material.

74. Sugar can cause an increase in delta, alpha and theta brain waves.

75. Sugar can cause depression.

76. Sugar increases the risk of developing stomach cancer.

77. Sugar is the cause of dyspepsia (indigestion).

78. Excess sugar can increase the risk of developing gout.

79. Excess sugar may increase glucose levels in an oral glucose tolerance test due to consumption of complex carbohydrates.

80. Excess sugar may increase insulin responses in people high in sugar diets compared to low sugar diets.

81 High sugar refined diets reduce learning ability.

82. Sugar can cause two blood proteins, albumin, and lipoproteins, to function less efficiently, which can reduce the body's ability to handle fat and cholesterol.

83. Sugar may contribute to Alzheimer's disease.

84. Sugar can cause platelets to become sticky.

85. Excess sugar can cause hormonal imbalance, with some thyroid hormones becoming overactive and others becoming overactive.

86. Sugar can lead to the formation of kidney stones.

87. Sugar can cause the hypothalamus to become very sensitive to a wide variety of stimuli.

88. Sugar can make you dizzy.

89. Diets high in sugar can cause free radical damage and oxidative stress.

Have you ever wondered how much coffee it takes to be fatal? Or how many cigarettes can a person smoke at one time? It turns out that all these questions have already had answers for a long time.

For example, the lethal dose of salt for humans is 250 grams. But you will find out below how much alcohol you need to drink to die, how long a person can really live without oxygen, or how loud a sound can kill outright.

1. Lethal dose of water.

If a person drinks about six liters of water in a short period of time, irreversible processes will begin in the body. With such a volume of fluid, the cells will begin to swell, which will lead to headaches and convulsions, which may later result in coma or death. There is a known case where a person died after drinking 10 liters of water in 8 hours.

2. Lethal dose of nicotine.

The human body cannot stand it if he tries to smoke 94 cigarettes at a time.

3. Lethal dose of coffee.

Researchers claim that in order to provoke death, you need to drink about three cups of coffee every hour throughout the day and night. According to them, 70 cups of coffee contain enough caffeine to kill a person weighing up to 70 kg.

4. How long can a person not breathe?

*Do not consume caffeine after 2:00 p.m. Healthy, sound sleep is very important for normal functioning of the body, and caffeine can remain in the body for 8 hours or longer, so it is recommended to avoid or limit caffeine consumption in the afternoon to avoid sleep disturbances.

* Combine caffeine with fitness. Caffeine is better absorbed before fitness activities - it improves the effectiveness of training, and the positive effect of sports helps increase the body's resistance to stress and gives a boost of energy for the whole day.

The lethal dose of pure chocolate is from 10 to 50 kg. For humans, chocolate is more beneficial than harmful. The Mayans considered chocolate to be the food of the gods. Chocolate contains a substance called theobromine. This is an analogue of caffeine, it gently stimulates the cardiovascular and nervous systems, causing a surge of energy. Its effect is much weaker than that of caffeine, and therefore theobromine is completely harmless. High quality dark chocolate contains the most theobromine. To get a lethal dose of this substance, you need to eat, according to various sources, from ten to fifty kilograms of chocolate.

In addition to the stimulants theobromine, phenylethylamine and caffeine, chocolate contains small amounts of cannabinoids (chemicals from the same family as the constituents of marijuana). It is thanks to them that chocolate can truly improve your mood. The content of these substances is negligible and cannot produce a pronounced narcotic effect.

5-6 ppm corresponds to 400-480 ml of pure alcohol drunk for an adult weighing 80 kg, or in other words, this is 1-1.2 liters of vodka, drunk in a short period of time (5-6 hours). Permille is one thousandth, 1/10 of a percent. 1 ppm of blood alcohol means that every liter of human blood consists of 999.0 ml of pure blood and 1 ml of pure alcohol. Pure alcohol is pure ethanol. So, 0.5 liters of vodka is approximately 200 ml of pure ethanol. Drank by a healthy 80-kilogram man, this half liter will turn into 2.5 ppm, which qualifies as a strong degree of intoxication.

With a blood alcohol concentration of 3 ppm, death can occur.

The lethal dose is 14 liters, drunk in a short time (3 – 5 hours). 1.5-2 liters of water is the daily norm for a healthy person. Overdoing it several times can lead to so-called water poisoning, or water intoxication, a disruption of water-salt metabolism in the body. The kidneys simply will not have time to remove everything that has been drunk from the body, the salt concentration will drop, and water will begin to fill the intracellular environment. As a result, swelling of the brain, lungs, etc. Death occurs from the leaching of salts needed by the body; therefore, when rinsing the stomach with water, do not forget to salt it.

The lethal dose is 3.0 g/kg (grams per kilogram of body weight). The daily need for salt is 1.5-4 g, and in hot climates, as a result of increased sweating, it is many times higher.
Simple table salt is a lot of poison - the lethal dose is 100 times higher than the daily intake and forms 3 grams per 1 kilogram of body weight, in other words, for a person weighing 83 kg the lethal dose is a quarter of a kilogram pack.
Due to an excess of salt in the blood, blood pressure will rise sharply (which is dangerous in itself), and this will be accompanied by severe edema (1 g of sodium chloride leads to 100 ml of fluid retention in the body). More likely, swelling of the brain and lungs will occur and, as a result, the end.

Lethal dose of sugar: 29.7 g/kg (grams per kilogram of body weight). WHO considers the norm for sugar consumption - harmless to health - to be 38 kg per year per person.

Lethal dose of caffeine: 150 to 200 mg per kilogram of weight. In a good espresso, which in its native Italy is more like a sip of adrenaline, a regular shot (30 ml) contains no less than 100 mg of caffeine. Order 150 cups (only 4.5 liters) - and you're done.

Considering the possible negative and positive health effects, caffeine can be a friend to us, as long as we don't abuse its friendship, of course. Here's what to remember about caffeine:

* Don't consume too much caffeine. Due to the health risks (see above) and the possibility of physical dependence, it is recommended to reduce caffeine consumption to 2 cups of coffee per day (symptoms during abstinence: cravings, headaches, fatigue and muscle pain).

*Do not consume caffeine after 2:00 p.m. Healthy, sound sleep is extremely important for normal functioning of the body, and caffeine can remain in the body for 8 hours or longer, so it is recommended to avoid or reduce caffeine consumption in the evening so as not to avoid sleep disturbances.

* Combine caffeine with fitness. Caffeine is better absorbed before fitness classes - it enhances the effectiveness of training, and the positive effect of sports helps to expand the body's resistance to stress and gives a boost of energy for the whole day.

The lethal dose of pure chocolate is from 10 to 50 kg. For humans, chocolate is more necessary than harmful. The Mayans considered chocolate to be the food of the Almighty. Chocolate contains a substance called theobromine. This is an analogue of caffeine, it gently stimulates the cardiovascular and nervous systems, leading to a surge of strength. Its effect is much less strong than that of caffeine, and therefore theobromine is completely harmless. High-quality dark chocolate contains the most theobromine. To get a deadly dose of this substance, you need to eat, according to various sources, from ten to fifty kilograms of chocolate.

In addition to the stimulants theobromine, phenylethylamine and caffeine, chocolate contains small amounts of cannabinoids (substances from the same family as the constituents of marijuana). It is thanks to them that chocolate can truly improve your mood. The content of these substances is negligible and does not have the ability to produce a pronounced narcotic effect.

The lethal dose of alcohol is 7.06 g/kg (grams per kilogram of body weight). The lethal concentration of alcohol in the blood is considered to be 5-6 ppm.
5-6 ppm corresponds to 400-480 ml of pure alcohol drunk for an adult weighing 80 kg, or in other words, this is 1-1.2 liters of vodka drunk over a short period of time (5-6 hours). Permille is one thousandth, 1/10 of a percent. 1 ppm of alcohol in the blood indicates that any liter of human blood consists of 999.0 ml of pure blood and 1 ml of pure alcohol. Pure alcohol is pure ethanol. So, 0.5 liters of vodka is approximately 200 ml of pure ethanol. Drank by a healthy 80-kilogram man, this half liter will turn into 2.5 ppm, which qualifies as a strong degree of intoxication.

Approximate scheme for determining the severity of alcohol intoxication:
no influence of alcohol - up to 0.5 ppm
mild degree of intoxication - 0.5 - 1.5 ppm
average degree of intoxication - 1.5 - 2.0 ppm
severe degree of intoxication - 2.0-3.0 ppm
severe poisoning - 3.0-5.0 ppm
fatal poisoning - more than 5.0 ppm
With a blood alcohol concentration of 3 ppm, death can fully occur.

The lethal dose is 8 hours of tanning in the heat. It takes 2 to 8 hours for a person to experience significant heatstroke. First, weakness, headache, dizziness, tinnitus, later - an increase in temperature to 40-42C, nausea, increased heart rate and breathing, absurdity, decreased blood pressure, loss of consciousness.

The lethal dose is 1 mg of nicotine per 1 kg of body weight. A strong 80-kilogram man will be cut off by 80 mg of nicotine. If we consider that each classic Java cigarette contains 0.8 mg, then the lethal dose is 100 cigarettes. Half a block at a time and you're done

Medicines and medicines

Lethal dose of iodine: more than 3 g
Lethal dose of analgin: more than 10 g
Lethal dose of aspirin: 0.2 g/kg or more than 30 g.
Lethal dose of paracetamol: 1.944 g/kg or more than 10 g, but after 5 g the consequences and symptoms of overdose begin with complete and final liver failure.
It is possible not only to be cured with medications, but also to suffer from them, especially if, in an attempt to quickly achieve the desired result, you increase the dose in the hope of a rapid recovery.

Lethal dose - more than 0.1 ampere. Currently, six US states (Alabama, Florida, South Carolina, Kentucky, Tennessee and Virginia) use the electric chair. Voltage - from 1700 to 2700 volts, current - up to 6 amperes (terrible for life - 0.1 amperes), two discharges lasting from 20 seconds to any minute. If everything goes according to the regulations, the condemned person loses consciousness after 1/240 of a second and actually dies instantly.

Household electricity is also dangerous. Theoretically, by taking a long nail with a wet hand and placing it in a simple socket with a voltage of 220 volts, it is possible to receive a current discharge of up to 0.1-0.2 amperes (and a high current strength, at which a person is still able to independently tear his hand away from the contact, - 0.01 ampere). In 1-3 seconds, respiratory paralysis, heart failure and death will occur.

The lethal dose is 500,000 bites. A female mosquito, which weighs on average 2.6 mg, can suck twice its weight in blood from you, that is, about 5 mg, or 0.005 ml. Blood is approximately 7% of the total body weight, 5-5.5 liters for the average man. A person can lose up to 15% of blood without harm to himself, but a one-time loss of 2-2.5 liters is considered fatal. So, if, during a short walk through the summer forest, you allow half a million female mosquitoes to bite you, then it will definitely be the end.

Lethal dose of radiation: 600 rem at a time. In one fluoroscopy session, a person receives from 3 to 66 rem, depending on the duration of the session and the area of ​​the body being examined (x-ray of the lungs is about 3-7 rem, of the hip joint - 66). Help for a person in case of an overdose should be immediate and begin with a call to an ambulance. After this, you need to understand by what method the overdose occurred; if a person took something internally, then you need to immediately induce vomiting and do a gastric lavage, feed the victim the lion's dose of activated charcoal and give a laxative. If a person is not breathing or his pulse is not palpable, before the doctors arrive, perform unnatural ventilation and/or chest compressions, depending on the situation.

As the medieval Swiss alchemist, philosopher and physician Paracelsus said: “ Everything is poison, nothing is without poison; Just one dose makes the poison invisible.” These words apply to all substances. Even those familiar ones, which in normal doses are not critical, but in large quantities can kill a person. Where is the line when a completely harmless food or liquid becomes a deadly poison?

The lethal dose of a substance depends on many factors: the concentration, the weight of the person eating, his age, health, immune system and metabolism. For this reason, we can only talk approximately about the risky dose of the product.

When it comes to the degree of toxicity, the most appropriate calculation is to calculate the lethal dose as the amount in mg per kilogram of body weight that would kill 50% of the people tested. This idea itself already contains inaccuracy. No tests were carried out in which fifty out of a hundred people died. This is about protecting life, not killing. The numbers given by food science are based on an average adult weighing 75 kg.

Caffeine: 93 espresso

The possibility of dying from drinking too much coffee is usually the subject of many conversations... before a cup of coffee. Fortunately for those who cannot live without this wonderful drink, the amount of coffee required for caffeine to kill a person is 93 espressos.

The lethal dose of caffeine is 10 grams. However, it varies from one person to another. In general, it is believed that consuming 150 mg of caffeine for every kilogram of body weight can kill. Following this calculation, a person weighing 50 kg can die after consuming 7.5 grams of pure caffeine, 80 kg after consuming 12 grams. For children, the dose is much lower (35 milligrams per kilogram of body weight) because children's bodies process caffeine much more slowly.

According to the Chilean National Coffee Association, a 240 ml cup of espresso coffee contains between 65 and 120 mg of caffeine. The amount of caffeine may vary due to different types of coffee and preparation methods. Ultimately, if we assume that our coffee is not strong (65 mg of caffeine per cup), a person weighing 75 kilograms could die from 173 cups of coffee. If the coffee is strong (120 mg), 93 is enough. In general, it is calculated that the lethal dose of coffee is from 50 to 200 cups, depending on the circumstances.

Symptoms of acute caffeine poisoning include tremor, vomiting, tachycardia, arrhythmia, or hyperglycemia. The recommended daily dose of caffeine for an adult should not exceed 300 mg (5 cups of espresso coffee). In any case, it is not recommended to overuse coffee. Doctors recommend that healthy adults should not consume more than 300 or 400 milligrams of caffeine per day (or 6 milligrams of caffeine per kilogram of body weight). Five cups of espresso have the same caffeine content as twelve cans of cola.

Of course, we mean pure caffeine, and not all other products prepared on its basis. If a person drinks 12 cans of cola a day, the amount of caffeine consumed will be the least of his problems. Cola drinkers are at risk of death from excess sugar.

Sugar: 2 kg

Everyone loves candy, but modern products contain too much sugar. The problem is not so much the sugar we put in coffee, but the sugar that is included in many products, such as soft drinks and carbonated drinks.

The only consolation is that the amount of sugar from which you can die is so high that it cannot fit into the stomach. According to experiments conducted on rats, the toxicity of sucrose is 29,700 milligrams per kilogram of body weight. If we take into account a person weighing 75 kg, then he should eat 2.17 kg of sugar with a spoon. Oh, ugh!

To reach the average lethal dose of sugar (for a person weighing 50 kg) when drinking Coca-Cola, you need to drink 38 cans, or you need to drink more than 7 two-liter bottles of soda. Never drink soda on a dare!

One can of Coca-Cola already exceeds the daily sugar intake recommended by the World Health Organization.

The problem with sugar is not the dose that causes acute poisoning. Sugar can cause chronic poisoning. The World Health Organization recommends that only 5 to 10% of the calories we consume per day come from sugar. For a healthy adult, that's about 25 grams of sugar per day. One can of cola already provides 39 grams. The list of health problems associated with the use of a sugar diet is so long that you get tired of listing: tooth decay, obesity, diabetes, liver problems or even pancreatic cancer.

Salt: four tablespoons

Let's move on from the sweetest death to the saltier one. How much salt is enough to kill a person? The answer is quite a bit. There is a good reason not to drink sea water. Salt is the most toxic product, even in relatively small doses.

For an adult, 0.75 to 3 grams of salt per kilogram of body weight is enough to die. A person weighing 80 kg can die by consuming just 60 grams of salt at once. One teaspoon of salt is already 15 grams, so the urban legend may be true: in some cases, four tablespoons of salt can kill. You'll probably need more, but it's best not to risk it.

It is estimated that in the UK each adult consumes around 11 grams of salt per day, of which 75% comes from processed foods. The fact is that most of this salt is usually eliminated through the water we drink.

Salt is lethal not only in its pure form. Some products containing sodium chloride may also be dangerous. In 2011, the Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine reported a case in which a 55-year-old Japanese woman diagnosed with depression attempted to commit suicide by drinking a bottle of soy sauce. Symptoms of acute salt poisoning include convulsions, cerebral swelling and coma. Don't overuse salt!

Water: 6.7 l

Water is also toxic if we drink enough of it, and this amount is much less than it seems. In fact, if someone tried to commit suicide by drinking Coca-Cola or coffee, they would die sooner from excess water before the caffeine caused any irreparable harm. According to Science-Lab, the lethal dose of water taken orally is 90 milliliters per kilogram of body weight. That is, a lethal dose of water is only 6.7 liters (13 bottles) of water.

Just like salt, water affects our body at the cellular level. If we drink too much water, our kidneys are unable to process it; the body stores water in the tissues. In most organs, cells have room to expand after absorbing large amounts of water, but the brain is not one of these areas. Excess water can cause brain swelling. This is an extreme case, but unfortunately there have been several deaths.

Alcohol: 13 shots of strong alcohol

Drinking a lot is bad, we already know that, but how much beer do you need to drink to understand that it’s time to stop? Just look above to see that, in extreme cases, beer will kill us before water, and it's all about the percentage of alcohol. The lethal dose of alcohol is 7,060 milliliters of ethanol per kilogram of body weight. In other words, half a liter of alcohol is enough for a person weighing 75 kilograms.

On the pages of Compound Interest, however, the calculation of this indicator is much lower: 13 glasses of strong alcohol such as vodka (40 degrees) to kill a 75 kilogram adult. Each glass contains about 45 milliliters. It all depends on habit and physical condition. The time of administration also greatly influences it. If we drink all night, the hangover the next day will remind us that the effects of alcohol are not good, even if we do not reach a lethal dose.

Take care of yourself and your loved ones!

Materials used from es.gizmodo.com

I read it here by accident, lethal dosage Everything has it, even water, salt and sugar. And talking about tobacco, alcohol, and especially drugs, becomes simply ridiculous. I will make a small list of lethal doses of ordinary, one might say, everyday foods and medicines.

Note! Under the concept lethal dose implies the amount after which a person’s death, in any case, occurs. Of course, all people are different, for some, allergies can be fatal, and for some, even drugs cannot cause harm. But I digress, remember, ignorance does not save you from consequences.

Overdose with plain water.
Do not laugh! Despite what they say, the body needs to receive it constantly, death can occur from the leaching of the salts the body needs. If you wash your stomach with water, try not to forget to salt it.
Lethal dose of water: 14 liters of water drunk over several hours.

Overdose of salt.
Lovers of salty foods, know how a small amount of ordinary table salt leads to kidney failure and painful death. Don't test the claim that you can eat a pound of salt "in one sitting."
Lethal dose of table salt: 60 grams

Sugar overdose.
Sweet tooth? even more not funny. And if you are grinning now, I hasten to disappoint you, the consequences and symptoms of a sugar overdose are no less painful. The lethal dose is not much higher. Believe it or not, a regular package of granulated sugar can kill 5 people.
Lethal dose of sugar: 200 grams

Alcohol overdose.
Everyone has heard and knows everything. With all this, about 50,000 people die from alcohol poisoning in Russia every year. It follows that every 10 minutes another person drank too much and died. I wonder how long it will take for a Russian person to learn to observe moderation. When buying a box of vodka, you need to remember that you will not please your family.

The lethal dose of alcohol is 7-8 grams per 1 kilogram of weight. If you calculate the weight of 64 kg, then after 500 grams of pure alcohol death will occur. That's a little more than 2 bottles of vodka, just! It should be noted that for a non-drinker the norm is lower.

Nicotine overdose.
Do you smoke a lot and often? A pack or two a day? If you smoke it in one sitting, you won't have to read this warning. One pack of cigarettes contains lethal nicotine for humans. (my husband smokes a little more than a pack a day. When will freedom come?)

Lethal dose of nicotine: 1 mg per 1 kg of body weight, we consider 70 kg, an overdose of nicotine will occur from 70 mg. How many cigarettes is that, count it yourself if you smoke.

Coffee overdose.
Most people drink coffee in the morning, then at work, and again when they come home. But it turns out that the lethal dose of caffeine is only 10 grams. True, this amounts to 5 liters of coffee. They probably haven’t taken into account the strength of the drink yet.

Medicinal properties of bay leaf for diabetes

In our life, it is very important to observe moderation and proper concentration in everything. This was very accurately expressed by one of the founders of modern pharmacology, Paracelsus (1493 – 1541) in his famous phrase: “Everything is poison, everything is medicine; both are determined by the dose.” Absolutely every substance, even the most irreplaceable and necessary for the continuation of life, has its own lethal dose, which, moreover, is not so great.

1. Alcohol

Alcohol, of course, is not a vital food product, but many people love to use it as such, often completely forgetting about any measure. A single lethal dose for a person ranges from 4 to 12 grams of pure alcohol per kilogram of weight. Also, for an adult male, a lethal concentration will be the presence of 5-6 ppm of ethanol in the blood (1 ppm of a substance means that 1 liter of liquid contains 1 ml of this substance). This concentration can be achieved by drinking about 3 bottles of vodka in one sitting (unless, of course, the body’s natural defenses work in the form of an urgent release of excess toxic substance in all possible ways). But there are also funny cases. For example, in 2004, in a hospital in the Bulgarian city of Plovdiv, 9.14 ppm of ethanol was found in the blood of a pedestrian hit by a car. The test was repeated several times, and all the time a concentration was obtained that was many times higher than the lethal one. The most interesting thing is that the unusual patient soon recovered.

Despite its toxicity, ethanol can be used as an antidote for poisoning with other alcohols (for example, methanol or ethylene glycol).

2. Vitamins

Absolutely all vitamins essential for life are terrible poisons if consumed without measure. Sometimes both a deficiency and an excess of a particular vitamin leads to very similar external manifestations. For example, vitamin A deficiency and hypervitaminosis will have dry, rough skin and increased hair loss as a symptom. The amounts of vitamins in which they are vital are usually very small, and exceeding these concentrations leads to either acute or chronic poisoning. The doses in which vitamins can be taken must be indicated on the packaging of the drug, because in order to kill or seriously injure yourself, one or two pharmacy packages are enough.

3. Sunlight

After several years of regularly recurring heatwaves, even northerners know how dangerous the Sun can be. From the beginning of the twentieth century, until approximately the 80s, it was generally accepted that the more time you spend on Sun, the healthier you will be. But now it is already known for sure that excessive exposure to the Sun leads not only to purely external skin defects, but also to such “long-term” consequences as accelerated aging, decreased sexual function and the development of cancer (insufficient exposure to the Sun is also fraught with absolutely the same consequences).

Sunstroke is an extremely dangerous condition, it develops suddenly, and the mortality rate reaches 30%. Therefore, if a person begins to feel unwell while in the open sun, it is better to play it safe and try to go into the shade.

4. Nicotine

Nicotine is not only found in tobacco. There is quite a lot of it in potatoes, tomatoes, eggplants and green bell peppers. True, the nicotine contained in these plants does not cause harm due to its insufficient concentration.