How to treat ovarian cysts during menopause without surgery. Postmenopausal period: menopausal disorders, changes in the uterus and ovaries

The ovaries play a very important role in the female reproductive system. Without their normal work, a lady will not be able to have children. During menopause, the ovaries stop working and decrease in size.

However, they are susceptible to various dangerous diseases, including the formation of cancerous tumors. In this publication we will look at how the size of the ovaries should normally change during menopause, what possible pathologies of this organ are possible, as well as methods for diagnosing its condition.

The ovaries are oval-shaped organs of the female reproductive system. They are located on either side of the uterus. In the tissues of the ovaries there are special vesicles - follicles, intended for the development of eggs. They are clearly visible on ultrasound, and also produce female sex hormones: progesterone and estrogens.

From the first day of the menstrual cycle, the process of growth and maturation of follicles begins under the influence. One follicle grows faster than the others. The egg matures in it, and it is called dominant. The growth of other follicles is slowed down. During ovulation, the follicle ruptures and the egg is released. The ruptured follicle transforms into the corpus luteum, which produces progesterone.

Under the influence of sex hormones, the reproductive function of a woman is ensured, and this is only possible with normal functioning of the ovaries. When the egg is fertilized, pregnancy occurs. If the egg is not fertilized, the menstrual cycle will end with menstruation.

A certain number of follicles are formed in the eggs of girls during intrauterine development. Over the entire reproductive period, hundreds of eggs mature, most of which remain unfertilized. When the supply of follicles in the ovaries is depleted, it occurs. Normally, menopause occurs at the age of 50.

In these dimensions, menopause can be compared to pathologies.

How organ size changes during menopause

In women of reproductive age, the normal size of the ovaries has the following parameters:

• organ length – 20-35 mm;
• its width is 15-20 mm;
• thickness – 20-25 mm.

Both organs differ in size. This difference is considered normal. In a forty-year-old woman, the normal weight of one organ is 9.5 g.

During premenopause

The menopausal period has three stages, during which the ovaries change their size. The first stage is called perimenopause. It starts with the first symptoms of menopause - increased sweating, surges in blood pressure, excessive irritability and others. They are provoked by hormonal imbalance, which occurs due to the fact that the ovaries begin to produce fewer sex hormones.

How female genital organs change with age.

The menstrual cycle is disrupted. It becomes shorter or longer, and the number of critical days and the abundance of menstrual flow also changes. Delays are more common in women. First for a few days, and then weeks and months. The amount of menstrual flow decreases and lasts fewer days.

The first changes in the ovaries occur in premenopause against the background. The number of remaining follicles decreases with each menstruation. The cortex, which previously contained follicles, is replaced by connective tissue.

The ovaries begin to decrease in size to the following parameters:

• length does not exceed 25 mm;
• width no more than 15 mm;
• thickness within 9-12 mm.

The ovaries are constantly decreasing in size. After a few months, both organs become the same size.

During menopause and postmenopause

During menopause, the last independent menstruation occurs. They can only be established retrospectively. Therefore, the diagnosis of menopause is made 12 months after menstruation, if there has been no menstrual flow. Throughout this year, the ovaries continue to decrease in size.

The following sizes of ovaries at menopause are considered the accepted norm:

• length is in the range of 20-25 mm;
• width – 12-15 mm;
• thickness – 9-12 mm.

The volume of the organ decreases to a value of 1.5-4 cm 3. In some women, the follicles in the ovaries during menopause still remain in small quantities, but they can no longer develop. Accordingly, ovulation does not occur. If a lady takes a urine test, it will reveal what is produced by the adrenal cortex.

The final stage of the menopause. In postmenopause, menstrual function is completely absent. Many people are interested in what happens to the ovaries, the work of which is completely completed in the female body.

They continue to decrease in size. So, 5 years after the start of this stage, the volume of the ovaries will be approximately 2.5 cm3, and after 10 years - 1.5 cm3. The weight of the organ in a 60-year-old lady normally does not exceed 4 g.

Pathologies during menopause

After menopause, the risk of developing ovarian pathologies increases. Therefore, women should undergo a routine examination by a gynecologist every year, which includes an ultrasound of the pelvic organs.

Normally, the ovaries should shrink. When an enlargement of organs is detected during ultrasound diagnostics, it is necessary to undergo a more thorough examination in order to diagnose the emerging pathology.

It could be:

1. Cyst.
   In menopausal women, only 30% have both organs affected. In the vast majority of cases, pathological changes occur in only one ovary - a follicular cyst is formed. These are round anechoic formations with a thin-walled capsule. They occur due to hormonal disorders and can resolve on their own over 2-3 menstrual cycles. When this does not happen, treatment is carried out. If an endometrioid cyst develops, it has a harder capsule and is capable of degenerating into a malignant neoplasm. Therefore, it is removed through surgery.
2. Polycystic disease.
   With this disease, several cysts can form in the ovary at the same time. Such formation during menopause occurs more often than single cysts. This is due to the fact that the level of female sex hormones has decreased significantly, and the amount of male hormones, on the contrary, has increased. This result is caused by long-term use of oral contraceptives, which were not prescribed by a gynecologist and were not suitable for a particular body. Polycystic disease can be a side effect of taking hormone replacement therapy during menopause.

Hormonal medications treat menopausal symptoms, but they promote the development of tumors. Therefore, you should absolutely not take such medications on your own.

Expert opinion

Alexandra Yurievna

General practitioner, associate professor, teacher of obstetrics, work experience 11 years.

Malignant neoplasms

According to medical statistics, ovarian cancer ranks second among cancer diseases leading to death in women after menopause.

Structure of the female ovary.

Therefore, all ladies should know the symptoms of ovarian cancer:

1. Pain appears in the pelvic area, which causes discomfort to the woman.
2. There is bloating or bloating in the abdomen, as if you overeat.
3. Persistent indigestion, which should be a reason to visit a doctor and undergo a medical examination.
4. The frequency of urination increases. Moreover, every time there may be a urge to immediately urinate.
5. Appetite worsens.
6. A woman’s weight changes very quickly, either increasing or decreasing.
7. The waist size increases.
8. Sexual intercourse causes pain.
9. The lower back or lower abdomen may hurt.

With the development of ovarian cancer, these signs may be constantly present, and they will also get worse. The most basic symptom of the development of a cancerous tumor is the presence of blood in the urine, feces and sputum. Moreover, this symptom manifests itself both with a small size of the malignant neoplasm and with a large tumor.

What you need to know about ovarian cancer

The main causes of ovarian cancer include lack of childbirth and abortions. Hormonal medications taken may provoke the development of malignant neoplasms.

All women need to know what to do if they notice these symptoms and suspect the development of cancer. You should immediately undergo examination by a gynecologist and oncologist. So, the lady will save her health and life.

Cancer has 4 stages, which differ in the distribution of the disease in the female body:

1. Stage I – the tumor has formed on only one ovary.
2. Stage II – the neoplasm develops on one or two organs, but it has simultaneously spread to the pelvic area.
3. Stage III – the tumor affects one or two ovaries, and metastases are located outside the pelvis and can penetrate the retroperitoneal lymph nodes.
4. Stage IV – a malignant tumor is present on one or both ovaries, and metastases already have a separate pattern of spread and manifestation.

In the early stages, the disease is easier and faster to cure. The main treatment for cancer is surgery. Chemotherapy is used in combination with it. Radiation therapy for the development of ovarian cancer is ineffective.

What diagnostics are needed after menopause?

In order not to miss the pathological processes occurring in the organs of the reproductive system, a woman should undergo a routine medical examination by a gynecologist at least once a year. Doctors advise doing it more often – once every six months. The doctor will conduct a gynecological examination and refer the lady for an ultrasound of the pelvic organs.

This study allows you to assess the condition of the ovaries and uterus. The specialist will determine the size and structure of the organs, and also assess compliance with normal parameters for a particular age. If a neoplasm appears on the organs, then with the help of this study it is possible to accurately determine its location and size.

You should know that in some cases, even in a completely healthy woman, it is almost impossible to determine the condition of the ovaries after the onset of menopause by ultrasound. Due to the lack of follicles, they are not visible even with a full bladder. The lady will be offered to undergo a transvaginal ultrasound procedure, which is a more accurate study.

A woman can always find time to visit a gynecologist if she wishes. Regular ultrasound examinations during menopause will detect the occurrence of pathology at the earliest stages, despite the natural reduction of organs. When the ovary is abnormally enlarged, the woman will be referred for consultation to an oncologist.

If the tumor is detected at the initial stage of development, it will be easier to treat it. Most oncologists are of the opinion that once a woman is diagnosed with menopause, any cyst or tumor on the ovary should be removed. The size of the tumor is not significant. This position is associated with a high risk of degeneration of a benign neoplasm into a malignant one against the background of prolonged low estrogen levels.

Bottom line

Ladies who have experienced menopause should understand that the cessation of menstrual function does not lead to the absence of problems in the reproductive system, but rather, on the contrary, requires increased attention to it. The work of the ovaries ceases with the onset of menopause, but they are susceptible to the development of pathologies and cancerous tumors.

Carrying out regular medical examinations will help to detect a tumor that has just appeared and prevent its growth until the last stage of the disease, when treatment does not always give a positive result. We wish you good health!

What do you know about changes in the ovaries during menopause?

The female reproductive system is one of the key systems that performs important processes in a woman’s body. The system is designed to perform the following functions: production of female eggs, both mature and immature, redirection of mature eggs to the designated place for fertilization. Then it helps the fertilized egg implant into the wall of the uterus, which is the starting point of pregnancy. But, if fertilization still does not happen, then menstruation begins. Another important function of the female reproductive system is the production of female sex hormones, which are necessary both to maintain the reproductive cycle and for the health of the body as a whole. The article will discuss such an important gland of the female reproductive system as the ovaries. We will also consider the condition and normal size of the ovaries during menopause (menopause).

Ovaries

As already noted, the ovaries are the female reproductive glands that produce and enable the maturation of eggs. These glands are located on both sides of the uterine cavity. Usually, during an ultrasound examination it is not difficult to determine the location of the ovaries.

The shape of the ovaries is slightly flattened, and they also have excellent mobility. Healthy ovaries are usually slightly different sizes, which is an indicator of the normal development and health of these glands. Their size may depend on the following factors affecting the condition of the ovaries:

• woman's age;
• period of the menstrual cycle;
• taking contraceptives;
• number of births and pregnancies.

For the most accurate information content, ultrasound examination should be performed from 5 to 7 days of the cycle. It is worth paying attention to the fact that ovarian volume is more informative than linear indicators. This is important for identifying abnormalities in the functioning of the gonads.

Ovarian pathologies

In order to talk about ovarian pathology, the difference in volume must be no less than 1.5 cm cubic. Or a significant increase in one of them, approximately doubling. It is also worth noting that during the first years of menopause, the doctor may detect single follicles, which also indicates abnormalities.

Any pathological enlargement of the gonads cannot be asymptomatic. A woman feels discomfort or minor pain in the lower abdomen. Moreover, this can happen both to women of reproductive age and to women during menopause.

Causes of enlarged ovaries

According to medical observations, an enlargement of the ovary, which is located on the right, is more often observed. This is due to the fact that the appendix is ​​located on the right side. And an increase in the size of the gonad can initiate any infectious and inflammatory process in the appendix.

1. Oophoritis. This is inflammation of the ovary itself. Often the disease is accompanied by mild pain or is completely asymptomatic. The most common cause of oophoritis is hypothermia.
2. Cervical erosion. It should be noted that any damage to the uterine mucosa can cause various inflammatory processes in the ovaries, and, as a result, their enlargement.
3. Ovarian cysts. This phenomenon is mainly characteristic of women of reproductive age. The formation of small cysts is normal, but they should not exceed 3 cm in volume. Large cysts can lead to enlargement of the gonads.
4. . This is the same cyst, but in large quantities. The most important thing is the imbalance of hormonal parameters in a woman’s body.
5. Tumors of various types. Oncological processes can also cause an increase in the size of the ovaries. To exclude such diseases, it is necessary to be regularly examined and take all necessary tests.

Ovulation also affects the size of the ovaries. This condition does not require treatment, as it is a normal process of the body’s functioning on a certain day of the menstrual cycle.

Eliminating the problem of ovarian enlargement

If you notice any atypical discharge or previously unobserved sensations, you should urgently consult a gynecologist.

First, an ultrasound examination of the genitals is performed to identify the problem through imaging. The doctor will also make a vaginal smear to rule out infections that can be transmitted through sexual contact.

Once the cause is established, the gynecologist will be able to prescribe adequate treatment for the patient. Physiotherapeutic treatments may also be prescribed. Self-medication is not the best option here. This is due to the fact that without identifying the cause of a particular symptom, it is impossible to correctly determine treatment tactics.

Functioning of the ovaries during menopause

The ovaries play a very important role; their condition has a direct impact on the entire reproductive system as a whole. Typically, menopause is accompanied by such unpleasant symptoms as: atypical hot flashes, jumping blood pressure levels, as well as irritability and mood swings. The initial change in the processes that occur in the ovaries begins imperceptibly. This lasts until the follicles completely disappear, then these processes become obvious.

During menopause, the cortical tissue of the ovary is replaced by connective tissue. Follicles stop forming, and reproductive function weakens and disappears over time. The gonads change size, they seem to dry out. The parameters of the ovaries become significantly smaller, and degradation progresses over time.

If during the reproductive period a slight difference between the ovaries is a normal indicator, then during menopause this difference is reduced to zero. But this regression occurs gradually as the menopause period increases. During menopause, the ovaries begin to produce fewer and fewer follicles, and over time their number is reduced to zero. Pituitary hormones such as FSH and LH weaken their effect on the ovaries. Functional cysts are no longer present in the ovaries at menopause.

Functions of the ovaries during menopause

When menopause manifests itself, the functioning of the ovaries is a very important point. This activity becomes fundamental for all subsequent changes in the woman’s body.

The follicles are almost completely consumed without replacement. During the menstrual cycle, no more eggs are produced. Menstruation can be called minor bleeding since ovulation no longer occurs. A fairly normal phenomenon is an irregular menstrual cycle. The intervals between periods may become shorter or, on the contrary, increase. This becomes an indicator of the norm rather than some kind of deviation.

The hormonal balance changes significantly, which is due to the absence of the corpus luteum. The ovaries produce less estrogen, and due to the absence of the corpus luteum, progesterone levels decrease. As a result, the absence of follicles leads to a total cessation of the menstrual cycle. The ongoing process completely stops all ovarian activity and, as a result, the complete disappearance of menstruation. The hormones produced in the ovaries significantly reduce their quantity, since they are now produced in small doses by other organs, and every day their production becomes less and less. The rapid development of climate syndrome begins.

Prolongation of ovarian function during menopause

Menopause is characterized by various unpleasant symptoms. Many women have a very difficult time experiencing menopause. So the question becomes how to do it in order to prolong the functioning of the ovaries.

It is worth highlighting methods that can increase the life of the ovaries and thereby extend the possibility of a woman’s reproductive abilities.

• Products that promote the production of female sex hormones estrogen. Limiting spicy, salty, fatty foods. Also feasible physical exercise, adequate sleep and avoidance of stressful situations.
• Use of hormonal drugs. Pharmaceutical companies can offer a significant number of drugs containing estrogens or combination analogues. But in this case, it is worth paying attention to the fact that the use of such drugs without a doctor’s prescription can become dangerous both for the health and life of a woman. The dosage should only be prescribed by a doctor, as this can be fraught with various tumor processes.
• Phytoestrogens. Their variety is also presented in pharmacies. Unlike hormonal drugs, phytoestrogens do not pose a health hazard and can be used without a doctor's prescription.
• Traditional methods of increasing estrogen levels in the body. Traditional medicine can offer a large number of herbal infusions and decoctions to slow down ovarian degeneration. These remedies are quite effective; they can not only slow down the aging process of the gonads, but also eliminate such unpleasant phenomena as mood swings, poor sleep, headaches, and incipient hot flashes.

Ovarian enlargement during menopause

One of the most common causes of ovarian enlargement during menopause is a cyst. If both ovaries enlarge at the same time, this is not the most favorable symptom. Ideally, upon the onset of menopause, the gonads should shrink, which is preceded by a decrease in the number of follicles.

However, it is worth noting that it is precisely at the onset of menopause that many hidden diseases can enter the active phase. Thus, when the ovaries become enlarged during menopause, one should carefully look for the cause of the enlargement in one or both glands.

• A cyst in the glands that appears during menopause is a formation that cannot resolve on its own. Careful examinations should be carried out in order to exclude the degeneration of the cyst into more dangerous diseases.
• Polycystic disease is a hormonal disorder during menopause. It should be noted that long-term use of contraceptives can lead to polycystic disease.
• Oncological diseases of the genital organs. As practice shows, during menopause this is a fairly common process. It is worth noting that not only age is a provocateur of the formation of tumors, but also the lifestyle before the onset of menopause, namely the absence of childbirth, the unreasonable use of hormonal drugs, the number and quality of abortions.

Methods for controlling the menopause process

The question arises - what needs to be done so as not to miss such an important process as the timely identification of problems during menopause?

A decrease in the reproductive functions of the gonads is not a reason to let everything take its course and forget about the existence of the ovaries. This is due to the fact that the uncontrolled process of extinction of the glands can cause irreversible processes occurring in the body during menopause.

Ultrasound examination is the most common method for identifying abnormalities in the functioning of internal organs. Therefore, when menopause has already occurred, it is necessary to regularly monitor the size of the ovaries in order to monitor their proper decline.

The need for a transvaginal ultrasound method is to see all the processes occurring in the gonads. This method is due to the fact that when the gonads fade, visualization through the abdominal wall becomes difficult.

Such an examination is recommended for every woman, regardless of age, once a year. When a woman enters the age category inherent in the onset of menopause, the entire body begins to rebuild. These are natural processes that occur in the body of every woman. However, very often there are cases when during this period many hidden diseases become aggravated, and some of them may not show any symptoms for many years, but become aggravated only at the last stage of the disease. To exclude such situations, you need to regularly undergo all the necessary examinations, and use medications strictly as prescribed by the attending physician, then you will not worry about what is happening to the body. And such a phenomenon as menopause, even if it has occurred, will pass with minimal symptoms.

The onset of menopause in a woman's life is a serious test for her. It can manifest itself with unpleasant symptoms, leading to a woman’s discomfort in the form of general malaise, hot flashes, pain in the lower abdomen, which is associated with hormonal changes that are reflected in a decrease in the function of the reproductive organs, in particular the ovaries. Many women, experiencing unpleasant symptoms during menopause, attribute them to menopause and refuse regular monitoring by a gynecologist.

And according to statistics, a disease such as an ovarian cyst during menopause is not so rare - up to 15%. Therefore, without regular doctor’s examinations, a woman risks missing the progression of this disease, which can lead to dangerous consequences.

An ovarian cyst in menopause requires a wary attitude due to the possibility of developing malignant changes in the appendages.

What is an ovarian cyst

An ovarian cyst in menopause is classified as a neoplasm, which is a fluid inclusion that forms on the surface of the ovary. Visually, it looks like a pedunculated sac filled with liquid contents and can be single or multiple (polycystic).

In women of reproductive age, a functional or follicular cyst is more often formed. Its course is predominantly benign and differs in that the formation of a cyst occurs due to the “overripening” of the follicle, in which the maturation of the egg occurs during the menstrual cycle. The unruptured follicle is filled with liquid contents, forming a functional cyst, which can safely resolve during the next menstruation without any special consequences. Follicular cysts have a number of varieties and are distinguished by a different set of symptoms.

However, cystic formation on the ovary in menopause has a slightly different mechanism of formation. Due to a decrease in the normal function of the appendages in premenopause, a sufficient amount of hormones is not produced, so functional cysts cannot form. In the appendages, the process of stopping the growth and formation of eggs is underway, and due to hormonal disorders, the structural structure of the ovaries may change with the formation of cystic bodies.

Causes of ovarian cysts

The physiological mechanism of ovarian cyst formation has not yet been thoroughly studied. Most experts agree that it is influenced by:

• hormonal imbalances in a woman’s body;
• inflammatory processes of the genital area;
• previous venereal diseases;
• abortions;
• absence of pregnancies during reproductive age;
• premature onset of menopause at the age of 35-40 years;
• diseases of the endocrine system (diseases of the thyroid gland, adrenal cortex).

The listed factors increase the risk of the formation of cystic neoplasms, therefore, against the background of fading function of the appendages in old age, women are often diagnosed with ovarian cysts in postmenopause.

Types of cystic formations during menopause

Cystic formations on the ovaries are divided into two large groups:

• functional, occurring in women of reproductive age and subject to treatment with hormonal therapy;
• epithelial, occurring in patients at any age and characterized by structural changes in the structure of the appendages.

Epithelial formations are divided into the following types:

• Serous. The cysts inside are saturated with serous liquid contents, under a thickened shell of epithelial cells, similar in structure to the cells of the superficial membrane of the epididymis or the mucous membrane of the fallopian tube.
• Mucinous. They are a group of several capsules connected to each other, filled with mucus and covered with a thick epithelial membrane.
• Paraovarian. They have the form of a single liquid inclusion, the size of which increases due to the growth of the contents, sometimes to significant values.
• Dermoid. They contain different types of connective tissue in their structure and have a compacted shell.
• Papillary. They have a papillary structure on the inner surface of the formation, visualized using a special apparatus.
• Endometrioid. They originate from endometrial cells of the uterus and often contain blood inclusions.

The danger of epithelial cysts is that there is a risk of their malignant degeneration. The disturbed hormonal balance, natural during menopause, does not give a chance for spontaneous resorption of the cystic neoplasm, as is the case with functional cysts.

Therefore, patients who are diagnosed with an ovarian cyst after 50 years of age are advised to undergo additional examination to exclude a malignant course of the disease.

Diagnosis

An ovarian cyst of epithelial origin during menopause can occur without clear symptoms for years, and can manifest itself with the following symptoms:

• pain in the lower abdomen of varying intensity, tending to intensify with exertion or lifting weights;
• discharge from the genital tract containing blood;
• increased urge to urinate;
• problems with bowel movements;
• general malaise, attacks of dizziness.

Modern diagnostic methods using ultrasound and CT make it possible to determine:

• cyst size;
• density;
• localization in one or simultaneously in two appendages;
• structure of the cyst (single-, multi-chamber).

Laboratory methods make it possible to determine the type and nature of the neoplasm, as well as to assess the likelihood of transformation of a benign course into a malignant one. The patient is offered to donate blood to determine hormone levels and conduct an analysis for tumor markers.

Not in all cases, the result of analysis for tumor markers C-125, CA-19-9 is decisive for determining the treatment method, since their indicators may be increased in the presence of tumors that are not related to the ovaries.

Experts consider only a histological examination of the cyst to be 100% reliable, and, for obvious reasons, it can only be carried out after surgery.

The entire complex of diagnostic results, which have the necessary information content, is considered. Therefore, only after a thorough examination of the patient is the tactics for treating ovarian cysts during menopause determined: carry it out without surgery or use surgical methods.

Treatment methods

Treatment of ovarian cysts in menopausal patients can be carried out conservatively or through surgery. You need to make a decision on which treatment method to use carefully, having a complete diagnostic picture, and rely on the recommendations of qualified doctors. Surgery is not indicated for all women.

In old age, women have a number of cardiovascular and endocrine disorders, which increases the risk of postoperative complications. If the cyst is diagnosed as a single liquid thin-walled formation up to 5 cm in size and does not cause oncological concern, a conservative treatment method with medications is used.

Treatment of ovarian cysts during menopause without surgery includes the following methods:

• medicinal;
• homeopathic;
• folk remedies.

After consultation with specialists, a combination of different treatment methods is permissible.

To prescribe medication, the doctor takes into account the phase of menopause. If more than a year has passed since the last menstruation, they speak of a postmenopausal period. It was during this period that there was an increase in the number of pathologies associated with estrogen deficiency, and there was also a tendency towards the development of malignant processes. Therefore, the choice of treatment for ovarian cysts after menopause is taken with full responsibility.

Self-medication in this case is unacceptable. The doctor prescribes medications aimed at mobilizing the internal forces of a woman’s body, which prevent further growth of cystic formation and normalize hormonal levels, and also have an anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effect. These include:

• progestogen-containing drugs (analogs of female sex hormones) - Utrozhestan, Norkolut, Gestrinone, Duphaston;
• to normalize hormonal levels - Ovidon, Rigevidon;
• androgens – Testenate, Methyltestosterone;
• antigonadotropins – Danol, Danazol;
• antiestrogens – Novofen, Tamoxifen;
• vitamin group of preparations (vitamins C and E);
• immunostimulating drugs - Timalin, Cycloferon, Levomizol;
• medications that have an analgesic effect - Spazmalgon, Baralgin.

Treatment with homeopathy, with the correct selection of homeopathic remedies taking into account the individual characteristics of the body, can lead to the successful elimination of some types of cysts and normalization of hormonal levels. For example, Lycopodium is used for various ovarian pathologies, including cystic lesions.

Ovarian cysts can be successfully treated during menopause by following the recommendations of doctors and undergoing regular examinations to exclude a malignant course of the process.

Hello, dear readers of the blog site.
The topic of premenopause, menopause, menopause, and the decline of a woman’s fertility after 45-50 years is quite unpleasant for many. We don't know how to live after 45 years.

Many roads in society are closed to a woman at this age. We see around older unfulfilled women who have problems in the family, with children, with health, with money, with profession and work. Observing this, young women do not know where to grow old, where to go, what is the essence of older age.

Therefore, many women “cling” to menstruation, become pregnant and give birth after 40-45 years, as if going to the “second round”. If only not these terrible words - “menopause” and “menopause”.

Everything in the world is cyclical. The periods of the day, the year, and life are natural. And in a woman’s psyche all its stages are always present. Girl, Girl, Woman and Old Woman, like the four phases of the Moon, are within us at any age. It is important to know them, to master their qualities.

The ability to bear children disappears with age. A woman can see the first signs of decreased fertility quite early. This could be, for example, if she has a lot of stress, had abortions, if she took hormonal contraceptives, has poor health, etc.

Natural Family Planning and Fertility Detection Methods make it possible to prevent early ovarian failure. A woman, knowing her fertile and barren days, feels much calmer; she has complete information about herself. This means he can avoid abortions, fear, and harm from contraception. Therefore, the age of premenopause may occur much later.

Fertility in premenopause.

Premenopause is a period of decline in fertility. Signs of fertility decline can occur at any age. It's always individual. But at the age of approximately 38-40-45 years, as a rule, a decrease in ovarian function begins.

Premenopause is the period from the beginning of the attenuation of ovarian function to the complete cessation of menstruation. It is characterized by a sharp decrease in the ability to conceive and a change in the nature of menstruation.

Menopause is the last independent menstruation in a woman's life.
Postmenopause is the time from the last menstruation (menopause) until the almost complete cessation of ovarian function.

The cessation of menstruation at the age of 40-45 years is usually regarded as early menopause; over 55 years old - late menopause. The age of 38-39 years is accepted as the lower limit of early premenopause. If a woman begins to experience these symptoms before the age of 38, it is considered ovarian wasting syndrome.

The menstrual cycle is controlled by female sex hormones - estrogens and progesterone, which prepare the uterine mucosa for pregnancy.

But not only the endometrium of the uterus is sensitive to estrogens and progesterone. These are the brain, liver, intestines, heart, musculoskeletal and urinary systems and some other tissues. The organs contain receptors sensitive to female hormones.

That is why, when the level of female hormones decreases, the so-called “menopausal syndrome” develops, characterized by dysfunction of various organs.

The balance between estrogens - female hormones, the synthesis of which in the body decreases, and androgens - male hormones produced by the adrenal glands is disrupted.

Premenopause, developmental mechanisms.

In conditions of deficiency of ovarian hormones, compensatory and adaptive mechanisms develop.
The adrenal glands begin to produce an increased amount of androgens - male sex hormones, which turn into estrogens in the subcutaneous fat.

Violation of autonomic regulation by the hypothalamus provokes increased sweating, dizziness, nausea and hot flashes. These reactions are vascular in nature.

An increase in prolactin synthesis by the pituitary gland often accompanies menopausal syndrome. Because of this, the secretion of estrogen by the ovaries is suppressed even more. In addition, prolactin enhances proliferative processes in the mammary glands and uterus. As a result, the risk of uterine fibroids and mastopathy increases significantly.

Neurotic reactions (increased irritability, nervousness, tearfulness, sleep disturbance, suicidal thoughts) occur against the background of pathology of internal organs and due to a woman’s emotional experiences about her age and condition.

Signs of perimenopause.

• Heavy bleeding during menstruation, discharge of blood clots.
• Menstruation lasts several days longer than usual.
• Minor bleeding between periods.
• A slight discharge of blood after sexual intercourse.
• Reducing the length of time between menstruation.
• The main sign of the onset of perimenopause is a decrease in fertility.
• Decreased number of ovulations, shortening of the luteal phase of the cycle (these are signs of insufficiency of the luteal phase of the cycle).

• Luteinization of unovulated follicle syndrome (LUF syndrome) is possible.
• Resistance of the ovaries to the effects of FSH, an increase in its production by the pituitary gland. This stimulation of the ovaries leads to the maturation of several follicles simultaneously, none of which reaches full maturity. As a result, high levels of estrogen in the blood, changes in cervical secretions and the condition of the cervix.
• When estrogen levels drop due to the destruction of ripening follicles, heavy irregular bleeding occurs.

I wrote about unovulated follicle syndrome (LUF syndrome) in a separate video course on menstrual cycles. There I also covered the issue of luteal phase insufficiency, because these are the first “bells” that indicate a decline in fertility. Moreover, we are not talking only about premenopausal age, this is possible at any time.

Signs of perimenopause can occur at any age. If you read the literature, get acquainted with these topics, and see a decrease in ovarian function, then you should think about changing your lifestyle and reducing stress. Maybe you should take care of your health.

Monitoring signs of fertility and keeping charts of the menstrual cycle during premenopause will help you avoid unplanned pregnancy, see signs of disease, and feel free in marital relationships. :)

And now - a movie from the video course - Fertility in premenopause. Lesson 1 - Hormonal background of a premenopausal woman.

Sincerely, Elena Volzhenina.

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I didn't have any premenopause. Menopause began unexpectedly, the symptoms were severe: hyperhidrosis, lack of libido, apathy, weakness. I took cyclim and drank herbs to reduce the severity of the symptoms. Great help. But you need to start looking after your health in general: eat right, take vitamins and exercise. This approach helps me

Elena, hello!

I'm almost 42 years old. There were no pregnancies, no abortions. Menstrual cycle from 10 years. I haven’t taken OK since I was 28 years old. At the age of 37, the first hormonal imbalance occurred: within six months, myoma grew and against this background, fibrocystic mastopathy sharply worsened. As I now understand, these were the first signs of entering a new phase of my life. But then I was in complete confusion and was thinking about something completely different - the doctors were pressing: give birth urgently or have surgery, and then give birth right away. I was not ready for either one. In the end, I decided to do nothing and observe the fibroids. I took indinol and epigallate. Nobody encouraged me to see an endocrinologist then. Three years later, I finally decided to undergo abdominal surgery to remove the fibroids, since it began to grow, and they also discovered an increased blood supply to the node. Everything went well, the cycle was restored immediately. The doctor said that in a year you can plan a pregnancy. I refused hormones and prescribed all the same dietary supplements above. But she didn’t send me for hormonal tests. Yes, since the appearance of fibroids, the cycle has become shortened and meager. There was a moment before the operation when he disappeared for two months (by the way, all hormonal disruptions occurred in the middle of summer). About a year ago, I began to notice increased sweating, although I had never suffered from it before. Periodically I wake up in the morning in a sweat. Now in the heat it haunts me constantly. Fatigue set in next. That’s when I became concerned about my hormones. On the recommendation of a gynecologist-endocrinologist, I took tests and it turned out: AMH is 0.13, macroprolactin is off scale 1652, the rest seem to be normal. In general, I'm all upset. And I want to know how I can help my body to get through this period as smoothly as possible. I don’t plan to have children, I understand that if it happens suddenly, it will be a miracle. I’m definitely not going to experiment with my body in this regard (I decided this before the operation, until it became clear that I would be saving the organ). I don’t accept HRT, I watch how my older friend prolongs her womanhood in this way and I am amazed at her courage. But it’s still terribly offensive (I even cried today), people only remember at the age of 50 that menopause happens in the world, but I’m barely over forty and here’s hello. Although, of course, we need to be grateful that this is all. Help me how not to fall into bargaining and depression, but to accept my condition and find reasons for joy. Thank you in advance!

Hello. Please tell me. I’m 42 years old, my periods disappeared a year ago, I haven’t had them for two months, an ultrasound shows that my ovaries are fading. My doctor prescribed duphaston, I took it for 5 months. During this period, menstruation was restored, but an ovarian cyst appeared, I had a laparoscopy with hysteroscopy RDV. After it, there was discharge for 14 days, and then for a month and a week there was no discharge; according to histology, it was a cyst of the corpus luteum, the endometrium of the early phase of secretion. I don't feel very well. The doctor tells me to take Lindinet 20 for my periods, but they don’t. Tell me, should I call the duphaston month again? Should I drink Lindinet? Thanks in advance.

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Good afternoon! I found your blog by accident, watched the video and people’s reviews, and decided to ask you for help. Please tell me what tests should be done initially. I’m 44 years old, my periods have always been with an interval of 27-28 days. But this month for some reason 2 times, my chest hurt, severe itching of the skin on my back, which periodically worsened over the course of 2 years. I have suspicions about a hormonal disorder. Last year I had a frozen pregnancy and an arbitrary miscarriage. Thank God everything went without surgery, my period was on time, I didn’t have to go for curettage
Ie. The thing is that I want a child with my husband, I don’t have much time anyway, but I know at this age I can still give birth, abroad for sure. Recommend where I should start the examination?, thank you very much. It’s just that my husband is young and I wanted to give birth for him again. I have a 25-year-old son. Thanks for the answer

Good afternoon. I am 47 years old, in October (2017) my periods did not come, then they came in November and came every month according to the usual pattern, in April they did not come again, they came in May, very scanty. I went to the gynecologist and had all the tests done, FSH 8.9 LH 7.6, the doctor said that the hormones were normal so far, they did an ultrasound and found no abnormalities. But lately my condition has not been very good, I have been sweating, increased heart rate, and irritability. The doctor said that although the hormones are normal, this is premenopause, or rather the beginning of it, and prescribed claira and vitamins. My question is whether it is advisable to take a hormonal drug to support the body.

Elena, hello! I have a question about birth control during menopause. I am 50 years old, ultrasound showed signs of menopause (no menstruation for 5 months, ovaries decreased to 1.7 x 1.4 x 1.3 m-echo thickness 2 mm, dry mucous membranes), the gynecologist said that I don’t have to use protection. How do you think? I found in the literature that it is necessary to protect yourself for a few more (!) years.

Fsg-50 and lg-40 at 38 years old - is this a death sentence? My period is not a month and a half. Yesterday I had an ultrasound. ENDOMETRIUM-11 named after, 4 Hollywood in the left ovary, on the right there is a cyst. What can you do to get your period started?

Hello! I am 42 years old. At 37 and 39 years old, cesarean section. Two children. In May 2016, my first period after childbirth, also my last. I breastfed my youngest for 2 years. There were no cycle disruptions before the birth. And, suddenly, early menopause. The gynecologist recommends hormones. He says otherwise there are high risks of premature aging. I do not know what to do. And why did menopause begin immediately after childbirth and breastfeeding?

Hello. I am 50 years old. I had my last period 2 years ago. The last 3 periods came at intervals of 4 months. But the doctor said that he did not see signs of menopause, since the ultrasound did not increase the size. But when was the last time I visited the doctor again on the issue absence of menstruation for 4 months, the doctor said by ultrasound that the size of the uterus has already decreased and this is a picture of menopause. She said she thinks she will have her menstruation one more time, so that everything will be cleared there. But I haven’t had my period for 2 years. But now I have I started my period. What could this be? Before this, I had severe allergies and problems with urinary incontinence when sneezing. I would also like to add that 6 months ago I took prednisolone tablets for 5 days. Thanks in advance.

good day, Elena! I am 51 years old and, as I understand it, I am in the premenopausal period. There were 2 pregnancies that ended in childbirth, there were no abortions. My cycle my whole life was every 26-28 days, like clockwork. 2 years ago the first changes in the cycle began - acceleration, the cycle became shorter after 21-23 days, but the periods were normal in number and duration of 3-5 days, as always. But a year ago - another change occurred - the period of time between menstruation has lengthened significantly - 36-40 days, and it happens that before menstruation there is a brown spot for several days or after menstruation as well. Before the penultimate period there was already a gap of as many as 58 days, but the period passed normally, and before the last one there was also a gap of 58 days, but here a completely strange situation had already occurred - the smear was brown for almost a week, then 3 days of normal periods passed, then again a smudge for a week , then it seemed like everything stopped for a few days and again the spotting, but quite abundant, like a scanty period - in general it has already lasted 3 weeks. Help me understand what is happening to me, is this normal for the premenopausal period?

good day, Elena!
I’m 58. I was amazed when I read your article about Duphaston.
Help me, please, since the onset of menopause, for 4 years already, the body temperature has not risen above 35.5, sometimes even 34 and 33.5, hands and feet are cold in winter and summer. the whole body suffers from this. I feel terribly weak and bad. + insomnia, tears and nervous breakdowns. Tablets like Klimadinon do not give results. I understand that this is due to the thermogenic effect of progesterone, but how can I correct it? The local doctor said, “at your age, this happens, it’s okay!” What to do??
Thank you.

Good day, Elena. I am 49 years old, three CS ended with 3 children. The fallopian tubes were ligated. The first disruptions in the cycle began in the summer of 15, when there was an unplanned trip to the sea and there were no periods in July. In August everything returned and until the fall of 2016 it was on schedule. In the fall, very scanty discharge began. No odor and no pain. This lasted until June 16, 17. Although in May there was no discharge at all. And now, on June 16 and for 4 days, discharge began with small and rare clots. I undergo a medical examination with a gynecologist and mammologist once a year. Question: Am I in menopause? Thank you.

good day, Elena!
I am 41 years old, I have 2 children, and I already know for sure that I am (for like a year) premenopausal, as indicated by all the symptoms and AMH. Over the past 2 years, I have seen dramatic aging every day. My gynecologist said that I can take a hormonal drug that will prolong my periods, which are no longer systematic. Do you think this should be done? Thank you in advance for your response!

Elena, hello! This is the situation: I am 42.5 years old. Exactly a year ago in December I had menstruation twice (the second time it was very scanty), then there was a 40-day delay. Since January, everything has been going smoothly, although a couple of times I had heavy menstruation, and scanty menstruation in the summer. Previous menstruation was 40 days late, I was tested for hormones, FSH and LH were normal, low estradiol - 17.9. The doctor prescribed me to drink duphaston for a month (from days 14 to 26), then she told me to drink femoston. I read Noya - they drink it after 6 months. after my last menstruation, I haven’t gone through menopause yet... I called another doctor, she advised me to drink Logest right away (I took it for many years before the DHS surgery, which was 3 years ago). Today is the 45th day, spotting has begun, the endometrium is 7 mm according to ultrasound. What do you advise? I’m torn about whether to drink Duphaston or not, whether to drink Logest or look for phytoestrogens...

Hello! I am 47 years old. The last two years have been “bells and whistles” about age: the pressure has changed from working 90/60 to 110/70, the cycle is “jumping”, the nerves are “exploding” for no reason, the orthopedist recommends seeing a gynecologist-endocrnologist due to the wave-like loss of bone tissue... On the advice of one of the gynecologists, I started taking Menopace Plus, and my body reacted with inflammatory, painful pimples on my shoulder. I stopped drinking and they went away. I made an appointment with a gynecologist-endocrinologist. What tests should I come to the initial appointment with so that something can be understood about my condition? I read that FGS is needed, on what day of the cycle should I take it? Please tell me. (The reception is paid, it’s very far to travel, I don’t want to waste time and money)

Elena, good evening! I am 47 years old, 2 pregnancies resulted in two children, one operation to remove a polyp, nothing else happened. After the 2nd pregnancy, there was heavy bleeding. I visited a gynecologist, they found a polyp, and they cut it out as the cause of the bleeding. It didn't get any better. I take tranexamic acid + vitamin E 1000 mg every month. That’s how I save myself! I’m waiting for menopause, because heavy periods ruin my life. I live in an embrace with sorbifer durules))) For 5 months now, the cycle has been jumping by 2 weeks, before it was like clockwork. I recently read about the complex, there were only vitamins like B6 B... IT RESTORES THE CYCLE.. Then I called an ambulance because I had palpitations, dizziness, etc. I immediately left him and everything became normal.... Since the cycle began to jump, is this premenopause? What should I do, do nothing?))) wait for menopause? or run to the doctor?

Good afternoon I am 31 years old. Yesterday I went to the doctor and found out the results of my tests, AMH 0.40, and she said that with such indicators they wouldn’t even accept IVF. I'm naturally in shock. I had never given birth, I didn’t take hormonal pills and I always felt good, my periods came regularly. My husband and I have been trying to get pregnant for a year and it hasn’t worked out, so we went to the doctor to check my and his health. Tell me where to start??? I started looking for information on the Internet and found your article, tell me how to start monitoring fertility? My husband and I really want a child. Thank you!

Hello, Elena! I am 49. My periods are regular. The cycle began to fluctuate a little, 26-28 days. Today, on day 16, bleeding began. Not plentiful. This has never happened before. The day before, the right ovary pulled a little, as if tingling. I was at the sea, roasting in the sun. However, as always before. There was some discharge with an unpleasant odor. I made an appointment with the doctor for Saturday. Tomorrow I go to work, but I’m all in a panic. Help with advice! Sincerely, Elena.

good day, Elena! I can find out your opinion on the following situation: I am now 41 years old, I gave birth to my second child at 38 years old, and my first at 21 years old. Until the age of 35, the cycle was 22-24 days (IUD was used as contraception), then oral contraceptives and the cycle was established at 28 days, after discontinuation of contraceptives and examination at 38 years, pregnancy occurred immediately, childbirth was normal without complications. After giving birth, menstruation began 1 year 7 months later, with continued breastfeeding, the cycle was immediately established at 28 days. But now, that is. after 1 year after the start of menstruation, for the second time the cycle is 20 days. Last month, on the first day of unexpectedly onset of menstruation, I had an ultrasound scan - the conclusion was: “peristant follicles, a consultation with a gynecologist is necessary,” the next day I went to an appointment - the doctor said that everything was normal according to the ultrasound.

Elena, good afternoon. I am 36 years old, I do not have children yet and I am not married. On June 9, 2016 I had my last period; it didn’t come in July and I visited the doctor in early August. FSH 96.9 LH 50.3 Prolactin 10.9 estradiol 44.9 progesterone 5.1 testosterone 1.3. I was diagnosed with SIA and prescribed climanorm for 4 months. The doctor said that with such indicators, it is possible to get pregnant only with a donor egg. Help me please! Maybe there is still some percentage of people who can get pregnant on their own without a donor cell. I hope that my ovaries can still recover, but I don’t know how to help them.

Good day, Elena. I am 45 years old. I gave birth to my second child at 40. In the early stages there was a threat of miscarriage - they prescribed Duphaston, I drank for a long time and in large quantities. I breastfed for a long time, about 2 years. When my period came after childbirth, I first smeared it until the 10th day. Then the scribbling gradually became chaotic. My periods became very heavy. My last period ended with bleeding. They did a cleaning and the diagnosis was glandular fibrous polyps. Orgametril or busereln injections were prescribed as treatment. I am very wary of hormonal drugs. But no doctor can advise anything more. Maybe you should take wild yam and it will improve your hormonal balance?

Hello, I did an ultrasound of the ovaries, the dimensions of the right ovary are 18x10x9 mm, the left ovary is 26x15x13 mm, the volume is 0.85 mm.cubic and the volume is 2.56 mm.cub., respectively. Please tell me is this the norm or deviations?

Elena, many thanks for the very useful information! I am 51 years old. And I began to experience the first signs of approaching menopause. Suddenly, slight bleeding began in the middle of the cycle. The cycle has gone wrong. This continues for 2 months. The examination did not reveal anything special. (Follicular cyst, cystic changes in the left ovary). Polycystic ovary syndrome accompanies me throughout my life. But this did not particularly affect my condition - the only thing was that menstruation lasted a week and was abundant. I started taking Wild Yam (NSP) (on the recommendation of the NSP consultant, my gynecologist recommended progesterone) from days 5 to 25 of the cycle, 3 capsules per day with food. My question: what if after 25 days menstruation does not occur? How then should you take Wild Yam? What if bleeding starts again on day 14? How to take Wild Yam in this case, if after bleeding the endometrium again looks like after menstruation? A slight nagging pain in the lower abdomen (or right or left), which I feel only during the day (they calm down at night). Is this normal during the onset of menopause? Thanks in advance for your answer.

Hello! I am 49 years old. Since the beginning of this year, signs of premenopause have been present. You say - watch to see if there is ovulation. How can you trace it? I do ovulation tests - they show a weakly positive result on any day of the cycle. Sometimes in the middle of the cycle I feel pain in the lower abdomen, which I take for ovulation. What other ways are there to determine ovulation? Thanks in advance.

good day, Elena. I have the following problems: at the age of 38 I was diagnosed with ovarian failure syndrome. months did not go regularly. the shortest interval is 16 days, the longest is 65, JAZZ was prescribed, I took it for half a year. and refused, my legs began to hurt badly. irritability. Now it's the last month. were on February 26th. I went for an ultrasound. The left testicle has shrunk. The right one has ovulated. I'm waiting for months. The doctor prescribed normomens.vit.E. and if they go to Klair. What do you think, is the treatment prescribed adequately?

I am 43 years old. The pressure of PA fears and everyone offering to it has risen sharply. The examination was completed completely. Everything was normal. FG 6.12 according to ultrasound was also normal everywhere. Menstruation preserved. Attributed to Klair. I drink 6 packs, hot flashes go away and my blood pressure also goes away. But neurosis and anxiety won’t let me in. I take hydrozypam 0.2 at night. In the morning I take valerian. Tell me whether I should continue taking the drug or whether I need something else. Thanks for the early response.

Hello! I am 47 years old. Three years ago I started having heavy menstruation with clots, and I was put on the hormonal Mirena IUD. Now “catastrophes” don’t happen, but somehow everything is irregular and it’s just smeared, then menstruation occurs. My chest hurts constantly. My hair is falling out a lot and growing in the wrong places. I took tests: thyroid-stimulating hormone -4.1, free thyroxine 0.911, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate 299.1, free testosterone 3.188. And all this against the backdrop of nervous breakdowns, irritability and thoughts about why I live and what to do. I started to pass it on because it turned out that this is the only pleasure. Is this perimenopause? What should I take to be calm and in general. Thank you.

Hello, Elena. Please tell me. I am 41 years old. My periods have always been regular. In January 2016 arrived as expected. But now 2 months have passed, and they are not there. I’m very worried, I don’t know what it is, has the menopause already begun? Lately I have been having headaches and high blood pressure very often. In February I had the flu. I was very nervous this winter (problems with my son). I visited the doctor. She prescribed me to take duphaston and vitamin E. No tests were taken. Tell me what's wrong with me?

Hello. I would like to know if I have perimenopause or not. I just turned 38 years old. My periods were regular until August 2015. Then we went in September. From September to December they were regular. Since January 2016, no periods. Passed FSH tests - 27.4; LG-18.82; Estradiol-34.8; Prolactin-150. Ultrasound: there are signs of chronic endocervicitis. Small cystic lesions of the right ovary, cyst of the left ovary, adenomyosis (minor changes). I also have type 1 diabetes. The doctor said that if FSH is high, it means you are in menopause. He prescribed what to do in order to schedule an HRT appointment. What to do? Reading the symptoms of menopause, everything fits. I’m nervous, I’m tired, I want to sleep, sometimes my spine and knees hurt, I broke out into sweat once for several days (not anymore), it seems to me that a light mustache has appeared above my lip. My child turned 4 years old.

Hello, Elena! I am 44 years old in May, my child is 6 years old. She had a long history of infertility, the main reason being polycystic ovary syndrome. 7 years ago, an ovarian fibroma was removed. She gave birth to a child via cesarean section, a year after laparoscopy. The last six months have been extremely irregular periods. According to the test results, FSH 55.8, LH 29.83, estradiol<37, пролактин 195. У меня пременопауза? Заранее спасибо за комментарий. С уважением, Валерия.

Hello, I’m 53 years old. Until June I had my periods regularly. Then
Bleeding started and they did a curettage. The fibroids are not very large. I did an ultrasound and did all the tests. The hyperplasia seemed to have gone away. I drank wild yam. There were no periods as such for two months, but some kind of mucus and blood came. In December, heavy periods with clots began, two weeks, then again mucus with blood. Five years ago I had myoma removed. My blood pressure was jumping and my condition was bad. I was in the hospital, they gave injections and that’s it, only the blood became thick. What should I do: remove the fibroids or wait for menopause, the doctor says that my age is such that menopause should come. And everything will go away on its own. Thank you!

Hello, Elena! I am 49 years old. Last month there was a delay of 10 days and my period lasted only 1 day. My chest hurt. When it was time for menstruation to arrive, it turned out that the cervix was in a position similar to ovulation, so I was already prepared that menstruation would come late. This month the middle of the cycle has already passed (day 19) but there is still no ovulation (discharge is dry and the cervix is ​​closed, temperature is 36.5). Could this be perimenopause? For some reason I became very irritable. Is it from perimenopause? I’m getting on my nerves... I’m afraid I’ll completely lose my mind (I’ve decided to lose weight and am counting calories) and give up everything. I don’t know what the reason is and how I can restore emotional balance. Thanks in advance for your answer. And thanks for your site!!!

Hello. I have a question for you. I’m almost 44 (I’ll be 44 on February 20) and my period has been late for 11 days. Pregnancy is excluded, since I have not been sexually active for a year. before that everything was fine. The menstrual cycle was 25-28 days, regular, without any complications. What could it be? I'm already worried because I'm still planning to have children.

Hello. I have multiple large nodular uterine fibroids. 41 years old. Menstruation was abundant, but lately there have been delays. Previously, the cycle was regular. I had my period in July and then in September. That's all. There is another delay in October. What could it be. Thank you

Elena, hello! I am 47 years old, I gave birth 5 years ago, my third. Breastfed for 2 years. Now it looks like perimenopause has begun. Menstruation (or bleeding) is regular, but very heavy. An ultrasound showed the thickness of the endometrium on day 7 of the cycle was 12 mm. On day 5-1 of a 27-day cycle, FSH is 15, estrogen is 5, and other hormones are normal. According to my observations, there has been no ovulation for the last 2 months. Well, FKB category 2. The doctor diagnoses premenopausal hyperpolymenorrhea and endometrial hyperplasia and sends for hysteroscopy. I can’t take hormones because I’m prone to thrombosis. Plus, over the past year, I began to quickly gain weight, which I cannot get rid of. The doctor prescribes Mastodinon, Estravel, Selzinc, Toxidont May, Gemafemin. After two weeks of taking it, my breasts hurt terribly; it looked like I was ovulating. I haven't gone for a hysteroscopy yet. Did I understand correctly that it is necessary to compensate estrogen with progesterone? The treatment is prescribed for 3 months, but I do not feel a positive effect on the body. Is hysteroscopy necessary in this case?

Elena, thank you so much for your knowledge and kindness! God bless you!
Elena, if possible, comment on my situation, please.
I am 38 years old and have been unable to get pregnant for about 2 years (first pregnancy). Husband is a sailor 1 month/1 month. A regular normal menstrual cycle is 26-28 days.
We contacted a reproductive specialist. She liked the result of the ultrasound (on the 1st day of the cycle): the ovaries were working normally. Then another examination was carried out, I don’t remember the name: both tubes were passable, the others were also fine, but there was a polyp in the uterine cavity. It was immediately removed.
Hormones: LH 9.3, FSH 20.2. The rest are fine. The conclusion was drawn: Premenopause. I found information that LH and FSH are also stress hormones. A few days before the hormone test, I worked out, the day before I went to a Russian bathhouse, and drank black coffee before the test. In the next cycle I retook according to the rules. As a result: LG 4.7, FSH 9.1. I’ve already been taking DHEAx150mg for the second month, so the analysis will already be biased (as the fertility specialist told me). She also said that overwork is nonsense and these hormones in fairly young women under no circumstances fluctuate like that. Is it so??
Thanks a lot!!

Hello, Elena. I'm 29 and already going through menopause. My periods started when I was 13 and were immediately irregular, 3-5 times a year. Naturally, I can’t even get pregnant. Is it really possible to give up on me already? I went to doctors. I took contraceptives, hormonal pills and even clostilbegit 2-3 times. Do I have a chance of becoming a mother?...

good day, Elena! Please tell me, is it possible to talk about premenopause at 33 years old, if the following symptoms are present: over the last 3 months there has been a reduction in menstrual days from 7 to 5, a reduction in the amount of blood, decreased libido, frequent urge to urinate, sometimes discomfort during sex, I suspect which is due to dryness of the vaginal mucosa. What should I do and what examination should I start first? Thanks for your reply.

Hello, Elena!!! I found your site by accident when I was looking for information about duphaston. Starting today I started keeping a calendar. I am 44 years old. I really want to get pregnant. I went for a consultation with a doctor, there was a spotting. She said my cervix was soft, sent me for an ultrasound, and prescribed duphaston. I drank it for 6 days, and when I stopped, my period came (at the same time, I think I extended the cycle by several days). It was very bad. When my period came, on the second day there was unbearable pain in both ovaries, I even called an ambulance. Now my period is over, and my chest hurts terribly, like before my period. Honestly, I’m panicking that I’ve thrown off my entire hormonal balance. I don’t want to go to this doctor anymore, but I’m going through the tests she prescribed. I would like to take a consultation with you. Is it better to collect all the tests first? Again, it’s scary to procrastinate, because realizing that time is not working for me, age... Help!?

Elena, hello. The signs of premenopause that you described are identical to my condition. I am 50 years old. When to expect an increase in the time between periods. I've been menstruating for a year now. The cycle was reduced to 21 days. Previously it was 28 regularly. And the duration remained the same as 6-7 days. There are multiple fibroids: one of the nodes is up to 2.5 cm. I compensate for the decrease in hemoglobin by taking Sorbifer for several days. The premenopausal condition is definitely not hereditary. For my mother, it all ended at 45 years old. The gynecologist at the clinic says that everything is individual. And someday it will all end. And when? There is not even any irregularity!

Good day, Elena. I am 45 years old, my last period was 9 months. ago, then (after 10 days) - bleeding, which was stopped with injections. At 43 I gave birth, I finished feeding the baby 10 days ago (I fed the baby 1-2 times a day for the last six months). After weaning, I immediately started drinking menopause, as I suffered from insomnia and hot flashes. But I have a strong sexual attraction from it, so I stopped drinking it three days ago. Result: today I fell asleep only at 5 am. I drink motherwort. I take a walk before bed with my child. Until half past nine in the evening. And I can't sleep! During the day I go sleepy, tired, I fall asleep when I can and for how long I can. Please advise how I can improve my sleep.

Elena, good afternoon. I just started studying your method because we really want a child. I have two children, already adults, I turned 45 in August. I have been wanting to get pregnant since I was 41, I have a new husband, we are happy, but we have no children together. I managed to get pregnant once, but ZB was 42. I went to see a doctor because hot flashes began to torment me, my breasts were very painful. She advised me to get pregnant while on withdrawal. I took Lindinet-30 for three months, my periods went smoothly, but after discontinuation they stopped coming completely. G said that if it doesn’t work out over the summer, then only IVF or donor UC. I just rule it out. It’s already October, and it’s already month. still no. I feel normal, the hot flashes became less as soon as I started taking cyclodinone, I’ve been taking it for 3 months, there are practically none. But the ovaries began to tingle periodically, first one way or the other, what does this mean? In July I went for an ultrasound, the ovaries are not empty, there are 4-5 eggs in them, but I understand that this is very little, I reassure myself that at least they are not empty. The uzistka said that in such a situation it is impossible to get pregnant. Please advise me something. I'm just like a squeezed lemon already. I really don't want any cleaning. I still hope for a miracle, I really believe it. How can I get my periods back and do I need to get them back? I'm afraid of breakthrough bleeding. Thank you in advance. Thank you for your back-breaking work in the area of ​​fertility.

good day, Elena! Please tell me. I am 42 years old. I have been trying to get pregnant for a long time. On an ultrasound they said that I had ovarian failure - a small number of follicles. Adenomyosis 0-1 st. When measuring basal temperature almost all the time it stays at 36.6-36.8. Occasionally there are jumps to 37.1 at 18 dc and by the 25th dc it decreases. The cycle is about 30 days. Menstruation lasts no more than 4 days. Previously it was until 7. All my life I had irregular menstruation, it started at the age of 16, it was provoked by Norkolut, in my opinion. Please advise what research I need to do? Which doctor should I contact? I really want a baby.

Elena, thank you for your work!
Please explain my situation if possible.
I am 47 years old. Until about 38-39 years of age, periods were scanty, infrequent (with breaks of up to three months), and irregular. By the age of 40, for some reason, I began to approach the norm. The breaks between menstruation have decreased during this time and now the cycle is 28-30 days, of average abundance, practically the norm. I donated blood for hormones, everything is normal, except for FSH, which is 11.3 (according to the laboratory - the upper limit of normal). What could this mean? Is this premenopause peculiar?
Lately there has been a lot of stress (for the last 5-6 years, due to problems with mother and daughter). I am married, my relationship with my husband is wonderful and active). I started to sleep little, I can’t sleep more than 6 hours, I can cry at any moment. What to track? what to observe in this case?

Elena, thanks for the useful information. Recently I began to be interested in the topic of premenopause, and you found everything in an accessible, understandable language and acceptable schemes for supporting the body. I am 46 years old, my uterus was removed a year ago (multiple fibroids), the cervix was left, and Nabothian cysts were removed. There was a history of adenomeosis and heavy bleeding, so surgery. Some semblance of menstruation has stopped, there is a slight spotting during sexual intercourse. I began to feel dry mucous membranes. The skin also began to lose elasticity, and all this was somehow drastic)) Now I have been prescribed to drink Klimaninon for 1 year. Histology is normal. I was surprised that they didn’t ask me to test for hormones. As I understand it, you need to take progesterone-like drugs in parallel with phytoestrogens? Is there anything else that can be done? Thank you in advance!

I agree - thank you so much for the information about premenopause!
I also have a question for you, Elena.
I am 46 years old, several periods (since March of this year) have become heavier and longer. The usual cycle is 28-3 days. I went to a gynecologist, did an ultrasound - on the 10th day, the uterus was -5 cm, the contour was smooth. Myomatous nodes are located - 8x10 mm and 15x15 mm interstitially, 16x15 mm deforms the walls of the uterus. The thickness of the M-echo is 12 mm, the contour is not smooth, the endometrium is not homogeneous, with hypoechoic inclusions. The cervix is ​​without features. Ovaries are normal.
UAC and TAM are normal.
In case of heavy menstruation, the gynecologist advised me to drink tincture of water pepper, and if the bleeding does not stop for more than 5 days, go to the hospital.
I have a question: how many cycles can I take hemostatic agents? How can I assess whether there is too much gestation or is this more or less normal during my premenopause? When is it necessary to do a repeat ultrasound? Which day is better? I would be very grateful for your answer.

• Svetlana, simply removing the symptom, heavy menstrual-like bleeding, is unreasonable. Because their reason is the predominance of estrogen, the lack of progesterone. Less frequent ovulations and a decrease in the synthesis of estrogen in the ovaries lead to the fact that a low level of estrogen, but acting for a long time, leads to the so-called relative hyperestrogenism. That is, there are few of them, but their effect is long-lasting, without compensation with progesterone. Read in my lessons how estrogen works and how progesterone works. Estrogens cause the division of endometrial cells, an increase in the thickness of the endometrium, and progesterone causes the filling of these cells with secretions. And then the cycle is completed, menstruation comes. But in the absence of progesterone, constant, unnoticeable cell division occurs. This is the cause of fibroids, endometrial polyps, bleeding, etc.
  To compensate for such conditions, progesterone-like herbs are needed on a constant basis. For example, I like wild yam (NSP). It must be taken constantly, one capsule at night. If the symptoms of hyperestrogenism are severe, then take 2-3 capsules a day for several months, and then switch to 1 capsule. If necessary, over time, if there are symptoms of a decrease in estrogen (dry mucous membranes, etc.), then you can add estrogen-like herbs, for example, sage - just drink it periodically as tea.
  One way or another, you need to keep self-observation cards and select herbs for yourself, and maybe good homeopathy, in order to keep the entire system in balance. Otherwise - curettage, hospitals, and other delights of life. It is very important to deeply understand what is happening. If you have any questions, ask.

Elena! First of all - Many thanks to you for publishing your experience and knowledge!
And the question is: is there a way to reduce the abundance of menstruation in premenopause? I see it directly during menstruation, when the discharge is very heavy.
Thank you!

It is necessary to pay close attention to what the ovaries look like during menopause, since at this time they change significantly. Considering that during menopause, after 50 years, the likelihood of cancer occurring in the female body increases, the ovaries cannot be ignored, since this organ is most susceptible to the development of tumor processes.

Changes in ovarian function during menopause

Under the influence of changes in hormonal levels and a decrease in estrogen levels during menopause, changes occur in the structure of the ovaries. Due to the replacement of tissue that previously produced estrogen hormones with connective tissue, they decrease in size. In the initial stage of menopause, the development and maturation of follicles is still possible in them, but their size differs significantly from the norm and this happens much less frequently than in reproductive age. The appearance of functional cysts with such activity no longer occurs, and any formation in the ovaries during menopause is classified as a tumor process. Women entering menopause should remember that the cessation of menstruation during menopause does not free them from problems in the reproductive system, but rather, on the contrary, all the processes occurring in the ovaries during menopause require a more attentive attitude. Constant monitoring of the condition of internal organs during menopause makes it possible to detect a tumor at the initial stage of development and prevent its growth to the point where it is unable to respond to treatment. Any tumor or cyst detected during menopause should be removed, and its size is not decisive.

During life, the condition of the ovaries changes many times. This also happens during puberty, during pregnancy, after childbirth, and during breastfeeding, but the ovaries undergo especially significant changes after menopause. This is especially noticeable, since in other situations their condition returns to normal after some time, but irreversible processes occur in the ovaries during menopause. With the entry into menopause, women's reproductive abilities fade, and this is primarily reflected in the condition of the ovaries. They lose their differences, and by the time a woman finally enters menopause, they will both be the same.

What sizes can be considered normal during menopause when examined by ultrasound?

The ovaries in a woman's body are designed to produce an egg, which, after maturation, leaves the follicle and begins moving through the fallopian tubes to accomplish fertilization. Since the processes intended for the birth of a new life generally begin in the ovaries, disruption of their work can have a negative impact on the entire reproductive cycle. Their size, which corresponds to accepted standards, is considered one of the indicators that determines the general state of reproductive functions. During an ultrasound examination, the characteristic features of this organ are determined, since they may differ slightly in size and not be the same. But these differences should not exceed a few millimeters, otherwise one may suspect the development of an inflammatory process in one of the ovaries or a tumor. When conducting an examination, what is taken into account is not the size, but the volume of the examined ovaries, since this indicator may be a sign of a tumor.

When menopause occurs in a woman's life, the processes caused by menopause in the body significantly affect the size of the ovaries. Indicators corresponding to the norm obtained when examining the size of the ovaries during menopause are considered to be the following:

• volume 1.5–4 cm3;
• thickness 9–12 millimeters;
• length 20–25 millimeters;
• width 12–5 millimeters.

At the beginning of menopause, although menstruation has completely stopped by this time, occasionally single follicles may still form. Therefore, when examining the size of the ovaries in menopause, a slight increase in their external indicators may be detected. But these values ​​are very insignificant and are not considered a deviation from the norm. Due to the fact that permissible shifts in values ​​in one direction or another are considered normal, the measurement results are not considered the only diagnostic method. When making a diagnosis, other indicators are also taken into account.

How to prolong youth during menopause

It just so happens that the first blow of age in a woman’s body is taken by the ovaries. Of course, with age, the brain also undergoes changes, manifested by memory deterioration, as well as the endocrine system. But in women, the ovaries pay for everything first, causing a whole range of various disorders, expressed in the formation of cysts, myomatous growths, early cessation of menstruation, etc.

Many women do not suspect that their constant fatigue, aging skin, and dull hair are symptoms of the ill health of this important organ. The decline of their functions occurs differently for everyone; some do not experience any unpleasant sensations, while others experience everything that can cause aging of the body. If a woman feels similar manifestations in the ovaries during menopause, she needs to undergo a proper examination. Of course, you can’t argue with nature, and the decline of the reproductive functions of the female body with the onset of menopause is considered a natural process. However, due to the fact that recently throughout the world there has been a growing trend towards premature cessation of menstruation with loss of reproductive abilities, there is a need to force this organ to extend the period of its functionality.

How is everything going?

According to experts, who have determined that a woman is born with a certain set of follicles, the number of which can no longer increase, but is only consumed during ovulation throughout her life. When the supply of follicles runs out, the corpus luteum does not produce estrogen, menstruation stops and menopause occurs. Abortion surgeries and spontaneous miscarriages have a great influence on the condition of the ovaries during menopause, causing their premature aging. Existing chronic diseases that prevent the normal maturation of follicles and their transformation into the corpus luteum also have a great impact on reproductive functions in general.

How to make the ovaries work?

It is necessary to solve the problems that have arisen in combination with various methods based on cleansing the body from the harmful effects of the environment and the use of acupuncture and homeopathy. However, all these measures will be short-term and will not lead to significant results. Currently, there is only one effective remedy that allows you to turn back time and achieve rejuvenation of the reproductive organs. These are so-called peptide technologies - therapeutic treatments using natural cell extracts, for which there is no synthetic analogue. The meaning of the method used is the subcutaneous administration of the peptide, after which it, without affecting other organs, moves specifically to the ovaries.

A peptide is a whole chain of amino acids that are produced in any organism. As a result of treatment, after menopause, menstruation is completely restored in patients. Follicles also mature, ovulation is restored and the production of own estrogen approaches normal.

What to do if you have any illnesses

Often, with the onset of menopause, patients feel pain in the lower abdomen, which serves as a sign of the development of pathological situations. A significant increase in the size of the ovaries during menopause can be a symptom of the following diseases in these organs, such as:

Many conditions during menopause require surgical treatment methods. Therefore, it is so important to immediately seek examination if pain occurs in the area where the reproductive organs are located. Untimely surgical intervention can threaten the health and even life of the patient. The most dangerous condition during menopause, leading to death, is a tumor that is diagnosed in its last stage. The chance of a successful outcome can only be obtained by detecting the beginning of the pathological process in the organ and performing the operation during this period.

Diseases that occur during menopause, such as polycystic disease, can be cured using therapeutic methods. Drugs that increase the production of female sex hormones - estrogens. The characteristic features of polycystic disease are an increase in the level of male hormone. There is also a lack of female estrogen, so eliminating hormonal imbalance can provide significant assistance in the treatment of ovarian disorders during menopause.