What to do if you have a cramp in your stomach. For correct diagnosis, you need to pay attention to the nature of the symptom. When to see a doctor

Spasms in the gastrointestinal tract are usually considered as a symptom of a malfunction of the digestive organ. With a similar phenomenon, which has the appearance of an attack, there is also a violation of healthy motility and gastrointestinal secretion, which has a detrimental effect on digestion.

Provoking factors

Considering the ICD-10 code, stomach spasms can be classified as pathological processes:

• R 10.0. - acute stomach.
• R 10.1. – pain in the stomach, namely in the epigastric region.
• R 10.4. – abdominal pain (colic, infantile seizures).

The causes of abdominal cramps can be very diverse. Most often, cramping abdominal pain occurs due to a neurological, digestive disorder.

Cramps and pain in the stomach occur for the following reasons:

• regular and prolonged stressful situations;
• hypothermia, smoking;
• poisoning, food allergies;
• Eating spicy, rough, fatty foods;
• alcohol;
• medications;
• coffee;
• improper and irregular nutrition;
• influence of chemicals, intoxication.

The listed reasons can cause severe abdominal cramps, accompanied by diarrhea, vomiting, and cramps. Most often, pain and cramps in the stomach occur in emotionally unstable people who have a weak nervous system and a tendency to depression. Abdominal cramps can be a consequence of vegetative-vascular dystonia, neuroses and frequent stressful situations.

In addition to all of the above, spasmodic syndrome can occur due to diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. A convulsive reaction of the stomach is observed with ulcers, duodenitis and gastritis. It is important to know what to do when experiencing abdominal cramps to avoid complications.

Pathogenesis of spastic contractions

Stomach spasm or gastrospasm is a special form of disorder of the motor activity of the stomach walls, manifested by intense pain. The reason for this phenomenon is a decrease in the point of excitability located in the nervous visceral system. At this time, the tone of the vagus nerve is observed.

Functional pain and cramps in the abdomen are most often observed in people between the ages of twenty and thirty-five, which is explained by poor diet and stress. Older people, as a rule, have chronic gastrointestinal pathologies. Gastrospasm occurs in three main forms:

• total reduction;
• limited reduction;
• partial reduction.

Total contraction is a secondary development of gastrospasm due to an existing disease of the gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system.

Partial contractile activity is a reflex phenomenon in which most of the stomach is involved. As an example of partial contractions, mention can be made of the two-lined gastric form.

As for limited contraction of the stomach, this phenomenon is more common in smokers, occupational intoxication, and poor lifestyle. Similar activity is observed if there is higher nervous regulation of digestive function, as well as with ulcers and tuberculosis.

Clinical picture

The main symptom of gastric spasm is a sharp and increasing pain in the epigastric region, occurring against a background of weakness, poor health and discomfort. Spasms are accompanied by diarrhea, elevated body temperature, vomiting, apathy, and weakness. An intense spasm causes contraction of the abdominal muscles, as a result of which the person is forced to take the “fetal” position. This condition is accompanied by protrusion of the abdomen, muscle tension, and chills.

It is worth noting that gastrospasms occur in different ways. The symptoms and course of the disease are determined by the cause that provoked this condition. In most cases, the development of spasm occurs on an empty stomach.

If abdominal cramps occur, you should think about pancreatitis, peptic ulcer, or pyloric spasm. The ulcer is accompanied by painful sensations after eating, which last from thirty to sixty minutes. On an empty stomach, such sensations do not make themselves felt in case of a peptic ulcer.

As for pylorospasm - contraction of the gastric pylorus, it most often manifests itself in people with a predisposition to neurosis and stress. This phenomenon takes the form of an attack, which is accompanied by vomiting and stomach pain for thirty minutes after eating. The picture improves after emptying the gastric cavity.

With pancreatitis - inflammation of the pancreas - unpleasant sensations appear after eating, radiating to the liver and lower back. Diarrhea with cramps are observed after eating unusual, stale food, or with irritable bowels. The pain occurs against the background of flatulence, bloating, and frequent bowel movements.

If spasms are accompanied by an increase in body temperature, then most likely there is an infectious disease or poisoning. Eating spoiled foods or unwashed fruits can cause food poisoning. In case of infectious lesions, intestinal bleeding present in the stool may occur. In such a situation, the help of a doctor is required.

Spasms and nausea indicate cholecystitis and gallbladder dyskinesia. The main pain is localized under the right rib. Observed after eating sweets, fatty, salty and smoked foods. To obtain a reliable diagnosis, it is necessary to undergo an examination.

When spastic painful sensations are accompanied by sour belching, we can talk about the presence of gastroduodenitis. This disease is an inflammation of the duodenum and gastric walls. The disease may last for several months. The pain syndrome is concentrated in the epigastric, umbilical region. Signs: bloating and a feeling of heaviness.

Etiology

There is a wide range of predisposing factors for the development of abdominal cramps; they can be both common to everyone and will differ for men, women and children.

The main group of causes of abdominal cramps:

• development of the inflammatory process in the appendix;
• the appearance of intestinal obstruction;
• renal colic;
• formation or exacerbation of adhesive processes;


• strangulated hernia;
• blockage of the bile ducts;
• damage to the gallbladder or liver;
• acute intoxication of the body;
• improper food intake, in particular, poor chewing of food;
• irritable bowel syndrome;
• chronic pancreatitis;
• intestinal dysbiosis;
• colitis;
• GERD;
• chronic constipation;
• violation of fat metabolism;
• diabetes;
• peptic ulcer of the stomach or duodenum;
• acute or chronic form of cholecystitis;
• a wide range of diseases of the urinary system.

Lower abdominal cramps in women can be caused by:

• the course of menstruation;
• premenstrual syndrome;
• gynecological pathologies;
• adhesive process in the appendages;
• hormonal imbalance.

In addition, it is worth highlighting several factors that influence the appearance of such a symptom in females only during the period of bearing a child. Thus, cramps in the lower abdomen during pregnancy occur against the background of:

• sprains of muscles, veins or ligaments in the abdominal area, as well as in the uterus;
• an increase in the size of the uterus and fetus, which leads to displacement of internal organs and the appearance of a similar symptom;
• “false contractions”, which are observed in the third trimester, this is how the body trains for the upcoming labor;
• implantation of the egg into the wall of the uterus - causes spasms in the early stages of pregnancy;
• cervical diseases;
• process of placental abruption;
• the course of an ectopic pregnancy;
• premature labor;
• spontaneous abortion.

It follows from this that such a symptom during pregnancy can be provoked both by completely natural causes and by dangerous conditions. If spasms are accompanied by vaginal discharge and other symptoms, then you need to go to an obstetrician-gynecologist for help as soon as possible.

As for males, there are not many specific reasons for the appearance of the main clinical manifestation. Cramps in the lower abdomen in men, in addition to the above sources, can be caused by inflammation of the prostate gland.

The expression of such an unpleasant symptom in children is not considered uncommon. In babies under one year of age, it is caused by incomplete formation of the digestive system organs and is considered a completely normal sign. However, there are several other situations that may cause abdominal cramps in a child under one year of age:

• insufficient production of the lactase enzyme necessary for the breakdown of breast milk;
• dysbacteriosis formed due to the fact that the expectant mother took a large amount of antibacterial agents during pregnancy;
• pyloric stenosis.

In children of the older age group, the stomach hurts for the following reasons:

• pancreatic colic;
• appendicitis;
• helminthic infestation;
• gastritis;
• active physical activity that does not correspond to the child’s age category;
• allergic reaction to food;
• upset stool or diarrhea;
• the course of rotavirus infection;
• urinary tract infection;
• prolonged exposure to stressful situations or nervous strain.

The most rare causes of abdominal cramps:

• heart attack;
• pneumonia;
• injury to the groin or pelvic area;
• shingles.

Classification

Abdominal muscle spasms are usually divided into:

• tonic – characterized by prolonged muscle tension;
• clonic are jerky spasms. They differ from the previous variety in that muscle contractions alternate with relaxation of smooth muscles.

Symptoms

In each person, abdominal muscle cramps will be accompanied by the manifestation of individual clinical signs. The first symptom against which other symptoms will develop is pain. It can be either periodic or permanent. The degree of intensity varies from dull and aching to sharp and cutting. In some cases, the pain can be so pronounced that the person is forced to take an uncomfortable position, often knee-elbow. Sometimes it’s the other way around - it’s very difficult to stay in one place, and to reduce pain you need to move more.

In addition, severe abdominal cramps can be accompanied by the following symptoms:

• nausea, which often leads to vomiting. Often there are blood impurities in the vomit;
• difficulty breathing;
• vaginal bleeding;
• increased temperature;
• irradiation of pain to the entire surface of the anterior wall of the abdominal cavity, to the perineum and scrotum, to the chest, neck and shoulder;
• change in the shade of feces - they will become black;
• disruption of the bowel movement - abdominal cramps and diarrhea are much more common than constipation;
• secretion of large amounts of cold, sticky sweat;
• urinary retention.

Diagnostics

If one or more of the above symptoms occur, you should seek qualified help as soon as possible. There are several doctors who can identify the causes of the main clinical sign, including:

• therapist;
• neurologist;
• gastroenterologist;
• obstetrician-gynecologist - only in cases where the patient is a pregnant woman.

Establishing the etiological factor requires an integrated approach and is based on data from laboratory and instrumental examinations. But before prescribing them, the doctor must independently carry out several manipulations:

• study the patient’s medical history and life history - this will help to identify one or another predisposing factor;
• perform a thorough physical examination, which must include palpation of the abdomen. During this procedure, the clinician pays attention to the patient's reaction. Women need a gynecological examination and a pregnancy test;
• conduct a detailed survey aimed at obtaining a complete picture of the course of abdominal cramps. To do this, it is necessary to report the presence and first time of onset of symptoms.

Among laboratory tests, the following have the greatest diagnostic value:

• general and biochemical blood test - will show changes in its composition characteristic of the inflammatory process or other ailments;
• general urine analysis - to monitor the functioning of the urinary system;
• microscopic examination of feces will indicate the presence of worm eggs or particles of other pathogens.

The basis of diagnosis is instrumental examinations of the patient, including:

• FEGDS is an endoscopic procedure for assessing the internal surface of the gastrointestinal tract;
• Ultrasound of the peritoneum;
• radiography with or without contrast agent;

These are just the basic diagnostic measures that are necessary to establish the causes of abdominal cramps. Each patient is individually prescribed additional tests and examinations.

Treatment

The tactics for eliminating such a symptom directly depend on the cause that caused the spasms.

The general treatment regimen includes:

• taking painkillers aimed at relieving pain;
• completing a therapeutic massage course;
• intravenous infusion of medicinal solutions - to restore fluid lost due to excessive vomiting and diarrhea;
• physiotherapeutic procedures;
• use of antiemetic and antibacterial agents;
• maintaining a gentle diet;
• the use of alternative medicine recipes is only after the approval of the attending physician.

If a person is bothered by severe abdominal cramps, then, first of all, it is necessary to completely stop eating any food for several days - this is called therapeutic fasting. Often it lasts no more than three days, during which you can drink still water or green tea without sugar.

Diet therapy involves complete abandonment of:

• fatty and spicy foods;
• canned and smoked meats;
• marinades and pickles;
• fresh bread and baked goods;
• confectionery and sweets;
• spices;
• mayonnaise and hot sauces;
• carbonated drinks and alcohol;
• strong coffee, black tea and cocoa.

This dietary restriction must be observed for at least three months, during which time you are allowed to eat:

• lean varieties of meat and fish;
• low-fat fermented milk products;
• vegetables and fruits after they have undergone heat treatment;
• vegetarian and dairy first courses;
• steam omelettes and soft-boiled eggs;
• compotes and jelly.

A complete list of permitted and prohibited products, a sample menu and recommendations for preparing dishes can only be provided by the attending physician.

Good results can be achieved using traditional methods that involve the use of:

• cumin seeds;
• lemon juice;
• mint and ginger;
• cardamom and coriander;
• fennel seeds;
• dandelion roots and leaves.

Surgery to eliminate the source of such a symptom is decided on an individual basis, but is never carried out in cases of abdominal cramps during pregnancy.

Prevention

To prevent a person from having problems with abdominal cramps, you need to adhere to general rules, including:

• compliance with nutritional recommendations;
• taking proper rest;
• avoiding stressful situations and physical fatigue;
• walking, especially after meals;
• taking medications only as prescribed by the clinician;
• drinking large amounts of fluid per day;
• control over regular bowel movements;
• wearing a special bandage during pregnancy;
• undergoing a full medical examination several times a year.

Timely detection of abdominal cramps, as well as complete diagnosis and comprehensive treatment, increase the likelihood of a favorable prognosis - complete elimination of the etiological factor and symptoms.

What causes spasms

Most often, the cause of convulsive contraction of the muscle tissue of internal organs is an unhealthy lifestyle, abuse of fatty, spicy, salty foods and harmful drinks.

But sometimes spastic pains make themselves felt for no apparent reason and can last for quite a long time.

Pain that occurs in the abdominal area is not always a problem with the stomach, as many people think.

Therefore, without visiting a doctor and without finding out the true cause of the discomfort, you cannot begin treatment for non-existent gastritis or other disease.

This will only worsen the patient’s general condition and can lead to much more serious consequences than spastic pain.

Abdominal discomfort can be caused by intolerance to lactose and other foods. For example, with biliary dyskinesia, spicy and fatty foods can cause spasms.

If there are stones in the kidneys and ureters, renal colic may occur, which is always accompanied by severe cramping pain.

This means that when visiting a doctor with a complaint of acute or aching abdominal pain, a person may accidentally find out about the presence of chronic diseases.

In addition, pain that occurs during spasm of the same organ can radiate to other parts of the body, which makes it quite difficult to determine the true causes of its origin.

Most women experience very severe pain in the lower abdomen shortly before or during menstrual bleeding.

This happens due to a sharp change in hormonal levels and an increase in prostaglandins, causing frequent uterine spasms.

Abdominal pain can significantly increase due to the fact that convulsive uterine contractions affect nearby gastrointestinal organs, causing response spasms on their part.

This is why many women experience irritable bowel symptoms during menstruation and suffer from diarrhea or, conversely, constipation.

If pain during menstruation brings a woman severe physical suffering, the gynecologist can prescribe her a hormonal drug that will reduce or temporarily eliminate the pain.

When abdominal pain is a sign of a serious illness

Fortunately, for most people, abdominal cramps and pain are the consequences of temporary functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract or nervous strain, but there are situations when pain is the only or main symptom of serious illnesses.

This pathology is one of the most common causes of abdominal pain of unknown etiology. Myometrial spasms lead to severe pain, which can disappear as suddenly as it appeared.

Uterine fibroids are treated with hormonal therapy, and if there are no results, only with surgery, since the tumor is also prone to malignancy (malignancy).

The digestive system is one of the most vulnerable systems of the human body, since it is the first to take the hit, trying to digest and neutralize harmful substances contained in foods and drinks.

In people with various chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, abdominal pain is constant.

They indicate the presence of pathological processes, the causes of which can be completely different.

What to do if your stomach hurts often

If previously abdominal pain was a rare concern, appearing from time to time, but now it is an integral part of life, a person needs to take this very seriously, because pain is always a sign of health problems.

The first thing to do in this situation is:

• pay attention to when pain usually begins (for example, immediately after eating or some time after that);
• try to determine in which part of the abdomen the pain is more pronounced;
• remember the nature of the pain (dull, sharp, shooting, pulling);
• write down what symptoms accompany the pain (nausea, heartburn, dizziness);
• record the average duration of pain.

The doctor will need all this information to draw up an accurate history. It would be a good idea to inform about the measures taken and medications previously used. ABOUT

Very often, incorrectly selected drugs blur the clinical picture, confusing doctors during the initial examination. In this regard, if spasms occur, it is recommended not to self-medicate, but to immediately consult a specialist.

How is diagnostics carried out?

Given that abdominal pain can be caused by both food poisoning and premenstrual syndrome, to determine the cause of its occurrence, you will need to undergo various diagnostic tests.

If a person does not know who is best to turn to, then the easiest way is to make an appointment with a therapist, who will take an anamnesis and perform an initial examination.

If there is a suspicion of a particular disease, the doctor will issue a referral to a specialized specialist.

The patient must be prepared to undergo various diagnostic procedures, including:

• ultrasound examination of the abdominal and pelvic organs;
• endoscopic examination or colonoscopy;
• laboratory tests of blood and stool.

In most cases, these diagnostic methods are sufficient to determine the cause of pain, but if the etiology of the disease is not clear, additional examination methods may be used, such as:

1. Capsule endoscopy. This is one of the newest methods for studying the condition of all parts of the intestines, rectum and stomach. The patient needs to swallow a capsule equipped with a special mini-camera, which, moving through the intestines, sends a large number of images to the computer server.
2. X-ray of the abdominal organs. Helps identify intestinal problems such as increased gas formation, changes in the size of intestinal loops, or identify calcified kidney stones.
3. Laparoscopy. Typically, this method is used as a surgical method for treating certain diseases, but sometimes laparoscopy acts as a type of diagnostic examination of the abdominal cavity.

Currently, almost all hospitals are equipped with modern equipment that allows you to examine the patient without unnecessary interventions in the body, which means completely painless.

It does not take much time and rarely requires special preparation from the patient for the procedure, and therefore it is easier and more correct to seek medical help rather than endure pain and engage in dangerous self-medication, which is fraught with serious complications in the future.

What are the causes of cramping pain in the lower abdomen?

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Clinical significance of the symptom “cramping pain in the lower abdomen”

The smooth muscle muscles of the hollow organs contract constantly, ensuring the normal movement of their contents. However, in the absence of pathology, this occurs absolutely painlessly, so we do not feel contractions of the bladder muscles, forward movements of the walls of the ureters and intestinal peristalsis.

Normally, women are not bothered by either the contractions of the fallopian tubes, which ensure the advancement of a mature egg, or the tone of the muscles of the uterus, due to which this organ is promptly released from menstrual blood.

Cramping pain in the lower abdomen can be a very alarming symptom, indicating a violation of the movement of contents through a hollow organ (blockage of the ureter with a stone, blockage of the intestine with a ball of roundworms, etc.). Acute obstruction of the urinary system or digestive tract requires rapid and adequate measures, since it is a matter of saving life.

However, smooth muscle spasms can also be caused by functional disorders. So, if the internal genital organs become the source of cramping pain in the lower abdomen in women, this may indicate both a severe pathology (spontaneous abortion, the birth of a myomatous node due to uterine fibroids) and less dangerous functional disorders (cramping pain during painful periods).

In addition, the subjectivity of the symptom should be taken into account: Different people have different degrees of sensitivity to pain, so the severity and nature of the pain syndrome may not correspond to the degree of organic damage. This is especially true for diseases combined with dysfunction of the nervous system (irritable bowel syndrome, chronic spastic colitis, vegetative-vascular dystonia).

Thus, cramping pain in the lower abdomen can indicate a variety of diseases, many of which require immediate medical intervention. Therefore, if this symptom appears, you must promptly seek medical help.

Cramping pain in the lower abdomen during spontaneous abortion

An increase in the intensity of pain, a cramping nature of the pain and the appearance of spotting bloody discharge from the vagina indicate the onset of detachment of the ovum, and therefore are an indication for emergency hospitalization. Even at this stage of self-abortion, with timely and adequate medical care, it is often possible to maintain a pregnancy.

Spontaneous termination of pregnancy threatens the development of life-threatening massive bleeding. In addition, after self-abortion, particles of the fertilized egg often remain in the uterine cavity, which should be removed to avoid septic complications, such as acute endometritis, acute purulent salpingoopharitis, peritonitis, and blood poisoning.

Therefore, even in cases where a woman is not interested in continuing the pregnancy, if cramping pain in the lower abdomen appears, combined with bloody discharge, it is necessary to call emergency help.

Cramping pain in the lower abdomen during ectopic pregnancy

Of course, a tubal pregnancy cannot develop normally, so either the fallopian tube ruptures or the fertilized egg is expelled - a tubal abortion.

Unlike a tubal rupture, a one-time gynecological disaster, the process of a tubal abortion can last days or even weeks. Spastic contractions of the fallopian tube, causing gradual detachment of the fertilized egg, are subjectively perceived as attacks of cramping pain. The pain syndrome is usually accompanied by bloody discharge from the vagina.

Such bleeding is often perceived by a woman as the beginning of menstruation, which greatly complicates the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy.

Cramping pain in the lower abdomen with obstructive intestinal obstruction has a periodic paroxysmal character. Between contractions there may be short periods of complete disappearance of pain (up to 1-2 minutes). In the case of strangulation obstruction, due to compression of the nerves located in the mesentery of the intestine, the pain does not completely subside and remains quite strong even in the period between contractions.

As the pathology progresses, the intestinal nervous system is depleted and the cramping pain weakens. Complete disappearance of pain is an extremely unfavorable prognostic sign.

All types of acute mechanical intestinal obstruction require immediate hospitalization in the intensive care unit, but treatment tactics may be different. Strangulation obstruction requires emergency surgical intervention, and with obstructive intestinal obstruction, in some cases it is possible to manage with conservative methods.
The most common types of acute intestinal obstruction, occurring with cramping pain in the lower abdomen, are the following pathologies:

• intestinal volvulus;


• intussusception;


• obstructive intestinal obstruction associated with blockage of the intestine by a tumor or fecal stone;


• acute intestinal obstruction caused by adhesions in the pelvis;


• acute intestinal obstruction associated with strangulation of an inguinal or femoral hernia.

Cramping pain in the left lower abdomen with volvulus of the sigmoid colon

Cramping pain in the lower abdomen on the left occurs with volvulus of the sigmoid colon - a pathology that accounts for 50 to 80% of all types of intestinal volvulus.

The sigmoid colon is located in the left iliac region (below the navel on the left) and is an S-shaped curved section of the large intestine that flows directly into the final section of the digestive tract - the rectum.

The occurrence of sigmoid colon volvulus is facilitated by congenital anatomical abnormalities in the structure of this segment of the intestine, such as increased length, increased mobility due to lengthening of the intestinal mesentery, as well as acquired pathologies (age-related or inflammatory deformities of the intestine).

The resolving factor may be a large intake of roughage in combination with increased physical activity.

Most often, volvulus of the sigmoid colon develops in old and senile age. In most patients, it is possible to trace a characteristic triad of symptoms preceding the development of pathology: attacks of nagging pain in the lower abdomen on the left, constipation and flatulence.
Cramping pain in the lower abdomen on the left with volvulus of the sigmoid colon develops suddenly, while in the period between contractions intense pain persists, felt in the depths of the abdomen. From the very beginning of the disease, retention of feces and gases is observed.

There is asymmetry of the abdomen with a protrusion formed by the swollen sigmoid colon on the left. Since with sigmoid volvulus, intestinal obstruction develops at the level of the most distal parts of the digestive tract, vomiting with this pathology develops much less frequently than with other types of volvulus.

Cramping pain in the lower abdomen on the right with cecal volvulus

The clinical picture of cecal volvulus is in many ways similar to sigmoid volvulus. However, the level of intestinal obstruction is located much higher, so often after the development of cramping pain in the lower abdomen on the left, loosening of the stool is possible (most often a single loose stool), which is replaced by retention of stool and gases. In addition, repeated exhausting vomiting is more typical: first reflexive - food eaten the day before, then stagnant intestinal contents and feces appear in the vomit.

To avoid volvulus of the cecum and sigmoid colon, inflammatory bowel diseases should be treated in a timely manner. Elderly people, as well as patients with chronic inflammatory processes in the lower parts of the digestive tract, should avoid eating rough food in large quantities.

Cramping pain in the lower abdomen with intussusception

Intussusception occurs more often in children than in adults, and in men more often than in women. In children, pathology often occurs after an adenovirus infection that causes disruption of normal intestinal motility.

Cramping pain in the lower abdomen on the right develops when the final section of the small intestine is inserted into the large intestine (the so-called ileocolic intussusception), this type of pathology accounts for about 25% of all intussusceptions.

Congenital structural features of this section of the intestine (obtuse angle between the final section of the small and large intestines, insufficiency of the natural valve between the large and small intestines, features of the ratio of the lumens of the small and large intestines) contribute to the occurrence of ileocolic intussusception.

The direct cause of intussusception can be a helminthic infestation, a foreign body, the release of a gallstone, or ingestion of rough food.

The intensity of cramping pain and the severity of accompanying symptoms with intussusception depends on the degree of entrapment of the mesentery. With severe strangulation, the disease takes a hyperacute course with early necrosis of the intussusception and the development of peritonitis, so that patients, in the absence of adequate care, die within one day. In cases where the circulatory disturbance in the mesentery is not severe, it may take several days or even weeks before peritonitis develops.

Ileocolic intussusception begins with cramping pain in the lower abdomen on the right; at first, light intervals are noted between contractions, then the pain during contractions becomes unbearable and does not completely disappear between contractions.

A specific sign of intussusception is the appearance of bloody discharge from the anus, but this symptom appears 6-12 hours after the onset of cramping pain.

Cramping pain in the lower abdomen due to obstruction of the rectum or sigmoid colon

Obturacin obstruction is characterized by particularly strong intestinal peristalsis, trying to push intestinal contents through the narrowed lumen. So often peristaltic waves can be observed through the anterior wall of the abdomen. In this case, pain and peristalsis intensify after palpation (feeling) of the affected area.

It should be noted that obstructive intestinal obstruction most often develops in the terminal parts of the intestine. Typically, obstruction of the distal digestive tract is associated with cancer of the rectum or sigmoid colon.

Features of the structure and functioning of the final sections of the intestine (relative narrowness of the lumen, natural bends and narrowings of the sigmoid colon, dense consistency of the contents) lead to the fact that intestinal obstruction in malignant tumors of the rectum and sigmoid colon develops quite early and often becomes the reason for the detection of a tumor.

As a rule, intestinal obstruction in malignant tumors develops gradually, so patients note a tendency to constipation, ribbon-shaped stool and the periodic appearance of nagging pain in the lower abdomen. Then episodes of transient obstructive intestinal obstruction begin to occur: attacks of cramping pain in the lower abdomen, accompanied by retention of feces and gases.

And finally, acute obstructive intestinal obstruction develops with all the characteristic symptoms: the appearance of cramping pain in the lower abdomen, the intensity of which increases over time, so that the pain becomes unbearable; retention of feces and gases, vomiting, sharp deterioration in the patient’s general condition.

For obstructive obstruction caused by cancer of the rectum or sigmoid colon, treatment is exclusively surgical. The choice of surgical intervention method depends on the patient’s condition and the size of the tumor.

Much less often, the cause of obstruction of the rectum or sigmoid colon is fecal stones (coprolites). As a rule, this type of acute intestinal obstruction develops in old age and is associated with age-related or inflammatory deformations of the terminal part of the digestive tract.

Most often, obstruction with fecal stones develops in older women with a tendency to prolonged constipation. The clinical picture in such cases is similar to the course of acute intestinal obstruction caused by a malignant tumor: excruciating cramping pain in the left lower abdomen, retention of feces and gases, visible asymmetry of the abdomen due to a swollen sigmoid colon. In patients with normal or low weight, intestinal motility can be observed through the abdominal wall.

Treatment of acute intestinal failure caused by obstruction of the final part of the digestive tract with fecal stones is predominantly conservative (using siphon and oil enemas, digital removal of coprolites).

Cramping pain in the lower abdomen during acute intestinal failure caused by adhesive disease

Adhesion formation is a protective process aimed at limiting the inflammatory process. A special substance is released - fibrin, from which the thinnest films are formed that prevent the spread of infection throughout the abdominal cavity. Normally, all processes in the body are balanced, so that adhesions caused by the inflammatory process dissolve over time.

However, in some cases, fibrin adhesions thicken, grow with blood vessels and nervous tissue, so that abnormal cords are formed between various abdominal organs. These cords impede the normal functioning of the intestines, and under unfavorable circumstances lead to acute intestinal obstruction.

As a rule, the development of acute intestinal obstruction is preceded by episodes of attacks of cramping pain in the lower abdomen and a tendency to constipation, indicating transient disturbances in the passage of intestinal contents.

In addition, adhesive disease is characterized by specific symptoms: Carnot's symptom (the appearance or intensification of pain with sharp extension of the torso), Leotte's symptom (the appearance or intensification of pain when the skin fold of the abdomen is displaced) and other signs of the formation of abnormal adhesions in the abdominal cavity.

Among the causes of the development of adhesive disease, the leading place is occupied by surgical interventions (primarily removal of the appendix in acute appendicitis) and infectious and inflammatory diseases of the internal genital organs in women. Therefore, patients at risk should be especially careful and, if episodic cramping tumors appear in the lower abdomen, seek medical help.

Cramping pain in the lower abdomen due to strangulation of an inguinal or femoral hernia

Penetration of the hernial sac through the abdominal wall occurs in the weakest places (navel, surgical sutures, anatomical canals through which nerves, blood vessels or other organs normally pass). The place where the hernial sac passes through the abdominal wall is called the hernial orifice.

A severe, deadly complication of a hernia is its strangulation at the hernia orifice. In cases where a loop of intestine located in the hernial sac is strangulated, acute mechanical strangulation intestinal obstruction develops (the intestinal mesentery is pinched and blood circulation in the affected part of the intestine is disrupted).

Cramping pain in the lower abdomen develops when the most common inguinal and femoral hernias are strangulated. These hernias pass through natural anatomical canals (inguinal and femoral, respectively) and at the stage of resolved hernia are found in the form of a protrusion in the area of ​​the inner part of the inguinal fold.

Large hernias are easily identified visually, so diagnosis in such cases is not difficult. However, hernia formation is a rather insidious disease, so in some cases the diagnosis is made after the development of acute mechanical intestinal obstruction (especially in the case of the development of a femoral hernia in obese women).

If a strangulated hernia is suspected, emergency hospitalization is necessary; treatment is exclusively surgical: an urgent operation is performed to free the affected intestine.

Cramping pain in the lower abdomen with dysentery

Therefore, dysentery occurs with symptoms of acute inflammation of the final sections of the intestine: nagging and cramping pain in the lower abdomen on the left, frequent loose stools and a painful urge to defecate. In severe cases, the frequency of stool reaches 20 times a day or more. In this case, a characteristic symptom of “rectal spitting” is observed: during defecation, a small amount of mucopurulent contents with bloody streaks is released.

Dysentery is a contagious disease, transmission of infection occurs only from person to person through dirty hands, dishes, and food. In summer, the “fly” factor is of a certain importance (flies carry pathogenic bacteria on their paws).

If cramping pain in the lower abdomen appears, combined with symptoms of dysentery, you should immediately seek help to avoid serious complications and not endanger the health of loved ones.

Cramping pain in the lower abdomen with renal colic

The most common cause of renal colic is urolithiasis, in which the formed urinary stones descend into the ureter and block its lumen. Less commonly, the cause of blockage of the ureter is an inflammatory process (the lumen is blocked by a blood clot, pus, or a dead piece of kidney tissue) or an oncological disease (blockage by a piece of disintegrating tumor).

Regardless of the cause of the blockage, the clinical picture of renal colic is uniform and quite specific: severe cramping pain in the lower abdomen on the right or left (depending on the affected ureter), which does not subside with rest. The pain radiates down the ureter to the genitals and to the inner thigh. Reflex vomiting often occurs, which does not bring relief (usually one-time).

As a rule, patients note pain in the kidney area on the affected side. The survey often reveals predisposing factors (episodes of renal colic in the past, hereditary predisposition to urolithiasis).

Unlike other pathologies that occur with the symptom “cramping pain in the lower abdomen,” with renal colic, as a rule, the patient’s general condition remains relatively satisfactory for a long time, so patients do not lie in bed, but rush around the room, trying to relieve the pain.

If cramping pain in the lower abdomen suspects renal colic, you should immediately consult a doctor. When diagnosed with “renal colic,” the medical tactic is watchful, since in the vast majority of cases the attack can be stopped with the help of conservative measures (antispasmodics, analgesics, warm bath, bed rest, diet).

However, observation is necessary, since complications may develop, such as acute urinary retention followed by the formation of hydrocele of the kidney or the addition of a secondary infection with the development of purulent pyelonephritis.

Which doctor should I contact if I have cramping pain in the lower abdomen?

Therefore, below we will indicate in which cases cramping pain in the lower abdomen should be considered a sign of a life-threatening condition and, accordingly, immediately call an ambulance. And in what cases such pain does not constitute a life-threatening condition, and therefore requires a routine visit to the doctor. It is for cases of necessary planned visit to the doctor that we will consider which specialist you need to go to depending on the accompanying symptoms.

Life-threatening, and therefore requiring an immediate call for an ambulance, is considered to be cramping pain in the lower abdomen, which does not subside over time, but on the contrary, intensifies, combined with high fever, general weakness, vomiting that does not provide relief, and bloody discharge from the genital tract. , headaches, a sharp decrease in blood pressure, fainting, sometimes asymmetry of the abdomen, and also radiates to the groin, sacrum, anus, navel area and other parts of the body. Such symptom complexes indicate that a person has developed a serious condition (for example, ectopic pregnancy, intestinal obstruction, volvulus, etc.), which is life-threatening, and therefore requires immediate medical intervention to save him. That is why, if the indicated pain in the lower abdomen occurs, you need to urgently call an ambulance or get to the nearest hospital by your own transport.

If a woman experiences cramping pain in the lower abdomen during menstruation, she should contact gynecologist (make an appointment), since such a symptom may indicate diseases of the genital organs (for example, narrowing of the cervical canal, adhesions in the uterine cavity, scars or deformities of the uterus, fallopian tubes and cervix, etc.).

In addition, it is necessary to contact a gynecologist if a woman experiences severe cramping pain in the lower abdomen, which is initially felt on the right and left, and then migrates only to the right or only to the left, can appear suddenly or after stress, hypothermia, physical activity, and also spread to the sacrum , lower back, groin or rectum and be combined with pain when urinating, irregular cycles, fatigue, short temper, irritability, inflammatory vaginal discharge (greenish, yellowish, grayish, mixed with bubbles, flakes, pus, mucus, etc.) or elevated body temperature. Such cramping pain in women is usually a sign of an inflammatory process in the genital organs, for example, adnexitis, salpingitis, pyosalpinx, etc.

Also, a visit to a gynecologist requires cramping pain in the lower abdomen if it is provoked by sexual intercourse, intensifies during menstruation, spreads to the lower back, tailbone, sacrum, and is combined with bleeding from the genitals, since such symptoms may indicate the presence of tumors or tumor-like formations in the genitals .

When severe cramping pain occurs in the lower abdomen, which does not radiate to other parts of the abdomen and to the perineum, but is often felt simultaneously in the lower abdomen and in the navel area, combined with constipation, diarrhea, bloating, flatulence, rumbling, frequent defecation or painful urge not to defecate, then you need to contact Gastroenterologist (make an appointment) or therapist (make an appointment), since such symptoms may be caused by intestinal diseases, such as colitis, enterocolitis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, diverticulitis, irritable bowel syndrome.

When cramping pain in the lower abdomen is combined with pain in the anus, rectum, frequent urge to defecate, diarrhea, increased pain during bowel movements, then you need to contact proctologist (make an appointment) or surgeon (make an appointment), since such a symptom complex may indicate proctosigmoiditis.

When cramping pain in the lower abdomen is simultaneously felt or radiates to the groin and lower back, is combined with a urinary disorder (blood in the urine, painful, frequent urination), and forces a person to constantly change position (since it is impossible to find a position in which the pain subsides even a little), then should contact urologist (make an appointment) or a surgeon, since this symptom complex indicates renal colic due to urolithiasis, blockage of the ureter with a stone, etc.

When cramping pain in the lower abdomen is combined with frequent loose or mushy stools mixed with blood or mucus, rumbling, bloating, pain during bowel movements, lack of relief after bowel movements, and in some cases with nausea and vomiting, the person needs to contact infectious disease doctor (make an appointment), since such symptoms indicate an intestinal infection (dysentery, etc.).

What tests can doctors prescribe for cramping pain in the lower abdomen?

In cases where the symptoms allow one to suspect an intestinal disease, that is, a person suffers from cramping pain in the lower abdomen, which can be simultaneously felt in the navel area or not, and there may also be the presence of constipation, diarrhea, frequent bowel movements with soft feces, frequent urge to defecate, bloating , rumbling in the abdomen, flatulence, pain in the anus and intestines, increased pain during bowel movements, then the doctor prescribes the following tests and examinations to identify specific intestinal pathologies:

• General blood analysis ;
• Analysis of stool for worm eggs;
• Scatological analysis of stool;
• Stool analysis for dysbacteriosis (sign up);
• Stool culture or blood test for clostridia;
• Ultrasound of the abdominal organs (make an appointment);
• Colonoscopy (make an appointment)/sigmoidoscopy (sign up);
• Irrigoscopy (x-ray of the intestine with contrast) (make an appointment);
• Computer or Magnetic resonance imaging (sign up);
• Stool analysis for calprotectin;
• Blood test for the presence of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (sign up);
• Blood test for the presence of antibodies to Saccharomycetes.

If a person is bothered by cramping pain in the lower abdomen, reminiscent of a picture of renal colic, that is, the pain is localized on the right or left, spreads to the groin, lower back and inner thigh, combined with urination disorders (blood in the urine, pain when urinating, frequent urge to urinate, etc.) .d.) and makes you constantly rush around the apartment or bed restlessly, trying to find a position in which the pain will decrease at least a little, then the doctor usually prescribes the following tests and examinations:

• General urine analysis ;
• General blood analysis;
• Kidney ultrasound (sign up) and bladder;
• Cystoscopy (make an appointment);
• Urography (x-ray of the urinary system with x-ray contrast agent) (sign up);
• Renal scintigraphy (sign up) and urinary tract;
• CT scan.

If cramping pain in the lower abdomen is combined with frequent defecation of loose stools with or without mucus and blood, rumbling in the abdomen, bloating, lack of relief after bowel movements, and sometimes vomiting, the doctor suspects an intestinal infection and prescribes the following tests and examinations:

• Bacteriological culture of feces, vomit or washing water;
• Blood test for the presence of antibodies to intestinal pathogens ( salmonella (sign up), Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, rotavirus, etc.) by ELISA and RNGA methods;
• Analysis for the detection of DNA of pathogens of intestinal infections (Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, rotavirus, etc.) by PCR in feces, vomit, washing water, blood;
• Colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy;
• Irrigoscopy.

Paroxysmal pain in the lower abdomen, which initially covers the entire area of ​​the lower abdomen, but then moves to the right or left, radiating to the sacrum, lower back, groin or rectum, which can be combined with pain when urinating, irregular menstrual cycle, irritability, severe fatigue or elevated body temperature , lead to suspicions about the presence of inflammatory diseases of the female genital organs, primarily the ovaries and fallopian tubes. Therefore, if a woman has such cramping pain in the lower abdomen, the gynecologist prescribes the following tests and examinations:

• Gynecological bimanual examination (sign up);
• General blood analysis;
• General urine analysis;
• Vaginal flora smear (sign up));
• Hysterosalpingography (sign up).

If a woman periodically experiences cramping pain in the lower abdomen on the right, left or left, right and middle at the same time, which can radiate to the lower back, tailbone, sacrum or rectum, provoked by sexual intercourse, intensifies during menstruation, combined with bleeding, prolongation of the menstrual cycle, clots in menstrual blood, then the doctor prescribes, first of all, a bimanual gynecological examination, ultrasound of the pelvic organs, a vaginal smear for flora, as well as a general blood and urine test. These studies allow you to either completely determine the diagnosis or give the doctor the right direction for reflection. If ultrasound, flora smear, bimanual examination and blood and urine tests do not make it possible to make a diagnosis, then the doctor prescribes hysteroscopy (make an appointment) or computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging. In addition, to assess the general condition of the body and identify possible causes of the disease, the doctor may prescribe a blood test for coagulation ( coagulogram (sign up)), on the concentration of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone and prolactin (sign up), as well as a biochemical blood test.

In case of painful menstruation, first of all, the doctor prescribes the following tests and studies:

• Bimanual gynecological examination;
• Vaginal flora smear;
• Ultrasound of the pelvic organs;
• General urine analysis;
• General blood analysis;
• Coagulogram (blood test for clotting);
• Blood chemistry;
• Blood test for hormone concentrations (LH, FSH, testosterone, prolactin, estradiol, etc.).

What diseases does pain in the lower abdomen indicate? - Video

If you feel pain in the lower abdomen in the form of contractions, this only means that there is a powerful contraction of the muscles of the organs that are located in this area of ​​the body. The muscles of all hollow organs do not stop contracting in order to maintain their natural tone in order to perform all functions in the body. And if this condition is not painful, if there is no pathology, then a person in a normal state never feels these contractions. For example, in a healthy woman, the fallopian tubes, which move the egg forward in a mature state, may contract. And if contractions occur, this indicates some serious disorder, for example, blockage of the intestines with hardened feces or the ureter with stones. In this case, the person’s condition is extremely dangerous and requires immediate action. If this symptom has just appeared, you can’t delay it, as it could be about saving a life.

Pain in the form of contractions that manifests itself in the lower abdomen indicates the presence of a serious pathology. Similar diseases occur in the digestive system and in many genitourinary organs. There are several types of causes for this pain.

1. Inflammation of the appendix. In this case, severe pain occurs, the source of which is virtually impossible to immediately determine. It can manifest itself in the intestinal area, radiate to the lower back or be localized in the groin. In addition to such pain, you can monitor how the body behaves, what other symptoms torment the patient. With appendicitis, there is often nausea and dizziness, general weakness and chills with fever.

   

2. Obstruction in the intestines. It can manifest itself unexpectedly. In addition to pain, the abdomen becomes very bloated, and the patient suffers from constipation. Acute cramping pain continues until the stool returns to normal and the intestines begin to function as before.

   

3. Urolithiasis disease. In this case, urine does not come out naturally and is retained in the bladder due to obstruction of the ureters. Along with cramping pain, the patient constantly wants to go to the toilet, but these urges are to no avail. Without medical intervention, urination is impossible in this situation.

   

4. Abortion. This may cause contractions that occur during normal childbirth.

   

5. Problem with inguinal hernia. If it becomes pinched, pain immediately occurs and is felt constantly. The person suffers from frequent vomiting and also feels an upset stomach.

   

   Inguinal hernia in women - a problem with it can be caused by cramping pain in the lower abdomen

These are the main reasons that provoke pain of this nature. Doctors prohibit self-treatment in this case. If pain manifests itself in the form of contractions, this already indicates a rather serious condition of the body and serious diseases, which are almost impossible to cure without the intervention of specialists. Selecting medications incorrectly, without a lack of medical knowledge, often leads to an immediate deterioration of the condition, and even death.

Cramping pain in the abdomen on the left and right

If pain appears in the abdomen on the left side, then the problem may be hidden in the organ system responsible for the outflow of urine and sexual function. For example, ovarian cyst in itself may not get sick, or not manifest itself in life at all. But if her leg gets twisted, the pain will be the same as during labor pains. In this case, vomiting and a fairly high temperature are quite possible. To get rid of the pain, you need to perform an operation to remove the cyst, since otherwise it is simply impossible to cure such an ailment.

Ovarian cyst - its twisting is fraught with cramping pain in the lower abdomen, similar to what happens during childbirth

Pain in the left lower groin often indicates the presence inflammation of the uterine appendages. The pain develops on its own and intensifies when you press on the sore spot. Another striking symptom is fever. A woman with such pain cannot walk, so it is better to go to an ambulance immediately and not wait until the condition becomes completely critical.

On the left it is manifested by pain and ectopic pregnancy, although the sensations can be bilateral. The sensations intensify when there are loads on the body, even during normal walking. And in a calm state, the cramping pain goes away a little. If the fallopian tube is ruptured, the pain will come instantly and be acute.

The cause of such pain may be inflammation of the intestine on the left side. At first, the pain will not be severe along with stool disturbances, so you can take herbal preparations and try not to eat heavy foods, which will only increase inflammation. You should avoid black bread, spicy dishes, hot seasonings and dairy products. If the condition does not improve, pain may occur in the form of contractions, and this symptom is a signal that you should no longer delay visiting a doctor.

As for pain on the right side, this indicates that small intestine affected either started pathological processes in the genitourinary organs. This and disease of the uterine appendages on right, inflammation of the ovary And problems with the fallopian tube. Pain can also spread to the back area, so one should not lose sight of the kidneys, diseases of which are often associated with diseases of the osseous part of the genitourinary system.

Along with appendicitis, it can occur cecal volvulus. It also occurs with diseases of the esophagus that are chronic. In this case, long-term pain can manifest itself in the intestinal area. There is a strong loosening of the stool. Along with this, pronounced bloating occurs due to the gases inside. As soon as it happens volvulus, a short time after the appearance of the first painful symptoms, prolonged vomiting begins with unpleasant sensations in the intestines and stomach. It can torment for too long, even a whole day. And after all this, feces that have been retained in the intestines may begin to exit through the esophagus.

When making a diagnosis, the doctor will definitely ask not only about which side the pain is felt, but also about their strength and frequency. Diagnosis of intense muscle contractions must occur immediately, since diseases with such symptoms often require urgent surgery. It is necessary, since the patient herself often cannot say with accuracy where exactly the source of the lesion is located. Pain from the groin can move to the hips, also to the sacrum, or periodically manifest itself in the rectal area.

In addition, you should not lose sight of other symptoms, as well as those diseases that occurred in the past. They could have been sluggish all this time and flared up at the wrong time. The doctor always asks if there are any chronic diseases.

Cramping pain due to renal colic and dysentery

This pain occurs when kidney diseases. Often characterized as a manifestation of renal colic. If the genitourinary system contains stones, then very soon they will begin to move. Large stones will not pass through the narrow ureter, they will get stuck and block the entire passage, which is why urine will not be able to leave the body. The consequence of this is debilitating pain localized in the lower abdomen. It will be painful for the patient not only to walk, but even to sit. And lying down is generally unbearable. There may be frequent urge to vomit, but after emptying the stomach there will not be even a fraction of relief - the pain will remain in place.

Such attacks occur very suddenly, so there is no way to prepare for them. Sometimes they manifest themselves during stress on the body, but are also typical during a night’s rest or simply a state of rest. Sometimes they occur when the patient has drunk a lot of liquid or eaten salty foods. The pain, sometimes cramping, but also cutting at certain intervals, subsides after a while, and then worsens again. At the same time, patients can rush about on the bed, involuntarily looking for a more comfortable position to alleviate their condition. The pain spreads throughout the abdomen and back, sometimes affecting the external genitalia of women. Its greatest intensity appears in the abdomen, and not where the kidneys are located. In addition to the pain, I constantly want to go to the toilet, but the urge does not produce results.

Dysentery is a disease of an infectious nature and is manifested by the fact that the stomach hurts quite intensely during bowel movements, and cramping sensations also appear even in a state of complete rest of the body. Dysentery can be identified not only by the pain symptom, but also by how many times a person goes to the toilet. If stool occurs more than 5 times per day, then there is a suspicion of disease. In addition, diarrhea comes out with blood cells, and often mucus. The temperature rises and the person feels general weakness.

Important! Dysentery is a contagious disease, so its early detection will protect everyone around you and prevent an epidemic. The disease can be triggered by contact with street animals, as well as the use of dirty or unwashed dishes. In general, the root causes are dirty hands and lack of personal hygiene.

Disruption of the normal course of pregnancy

The calm course of pregnancy is not expressed by pain or discomfort. If before the 9th month the stomach begins to seize, then this is a suspicion of termination of pregnancy. Before this, aching pain may appear, pulling and exhausting in the very bottom of the abdomen, which radiates to the sacrum. If contractions begin after this, and bloody discharge appears in the vaginal area, this indicates that the fertilized egg has begun to exfoliate. If you do not immediately go to the hospital and begin intensive treatment, you may lose the child. At this stage, it is quite possible to prevent self-abortion and save the life of the fetus.

Such termination of pregnancy is dangerous for the life and the mother herself, because severe bleeding may begin, and the woman may die from excessive blood loss. Also, after a completed self-abortion, there is blood stagnation inside the uterus, parts of the fertilized egg. If the uterus is not cleaned, removing all excess, then it can become very inflamed, or even fester. As a result, there is endometritis, which is still being treated. And in the worst case, the uterus may rupture and pus will come out into the abdominal cavity. Or it will enter the bloodstream, causing infection and intoxication. If you experience cramping pain, you must be hospitalized immediately to save your life.

Endometritis is one of the causes of cramping pain during the post-abortion or postpartum periods

With an ectopic pregnancy, pain may occur, indicating that something has gone wrong. If the egg does not reach the uterus and remains in the fallopian tube, then such a pregnancy is not considered normal and cannot develop. Indeed, as a result of the growth of the fetus, the tube will simply rupture, or the fetal egg will undergo a tubal abortion. During the process of this tubal abortion, which can even take several weeks, there is not an immediate miscarriage, but a slow detachment of the egg. The woman experiences such pain as during contractions. At the same time, a bloody, thick fluid is released from the vagina, as during menstruation. This can be a little confusing and give the wrong direction for diagnosis. But if you recently had your period, then such a symptom should alert you.

Interesting fact! In the history of medicine, there have been cases when an ectopic pregnancy occurred along with a normal, healthy one. Fertilization can also occur in two tubes at the same time. But these are rare occurrences.

Tubal abortion is dangerous because severe muscle spasms can lead to rupture of the fallopian tube, causing bleeding that cannot be stopped without medical intervention. Those who have already had an ectopic pregnancy need to be especially attentive to themselves, as it can happen again. Chronic long-term diseases, which sometimes worsen and are not fully treated, can create adhesions inside the fallopian tube and also cause a similar condition. Some contraceptive drugs negatively affect the muscles of the uterus and the condition of its tubes, so they should be taken with caution and not used until the doctor approves.

Pain in the form of contractions when a myomatous node occurs

Appearance myomatous node characterized by cramping pain. This condition is very similar to normal contractions that occur during the birth process. At this time, the uterus begins to work hard, contract muscles, trying with all its might to get rid of the internal tumor. The myomatous node itself is similar to a neoplasm that rests on a stalk. Often the nodes do not appear deep in the uterus, but very close to the cervix. When the growth forms, women experience severe stomach pain and bloody discharge. The pain spreads to the genitals, which are located outside, also to the rectum, and even to the sacrum.

You can get rid of a myomatous node through surgery. Moreover, it will be done exclusively under general anesthesia. If the disease is neglected, a painful shock may occur or bleeding may occur, due to which you can lose too much blood and die before even reaching the hospital. To prevent the appearance of such a node, you need to check with a gynecologist from time to time. Then it will be possible to find out about the appearance of tumors at a very early stage. Such frequent diagnostics will help keep the uterus intact and not resort to emergency surgery.

In addition to pain, a myomatous node can also be recognized by heavy menstruation, during which the stomach hurts not as much as always, but much stronger. In addition, the bladder may malfunction and the urination process is disrupted. Constipation may also occur. Sometimes it happens that pathological changes in the uterus do not manifest themselves. That is why frequent or at least regular examinations for women are simply mandatory. Such examinations will prevent the development of cancer and help cope with uterine nodes in their earliest stages.

At risk are those women who have never given birth and who are over 30 years old. Also those who are overweight or have a genetic predisposition to the occurrence of fibroids. All sorts of things hormonal disorders are also an alarming warning, as they often provoke benign growths. Women with irregular menstruation, since such a harmless violation can subsequently lead to serious illnesses. If available cysts on the ovaries, it is worth treating them, as well as checking the condition of the uterus, since it is obvious that the body is prone to the appearance of tumors. Weakened immunity can cause disruptions in various areas of the body, including the female organs. This condition is also unsafe and requires periodic examinations.

Phases of the menstrual cycle - their violation should be a reason for examination by a gynecologist

Attention! If you have a myomatous node, you must carefully monitor your diet. The diet should not contain fatty foods or spicy seasonings. It is advisable to limit salt intake. You should not overheat in the sun and go to the solarium or go for a massage.

Diagnosis and treatment

In order to avoid all sorts of complications and prevent the development of a life-threatening condition, when cramping pain appears, you must immediately contact specialists who can more accurately diagnose it, identify the true causes and immediately provide the correct treatment. Women, first of all, can immediately go to a gynecologist to rule out the possibility of ectopic pregnancy, various diseases and inflammation of the internal genital organs.

It is unlikely that a person without medical education will be able to make a diagnosis on his own. In addition, with severe pain it is impossible to think adequately. Many recommend modern methods for diagnosing diseases, which, with some percentage accuracy, can immediately characterize the condition of certain organs and help determine the disease.

Table. The most famous and frequently used diagnostic methods.

An ultrasound can distinguish changes in the shape of internal organs, as well as see their general condition and inflammatory processes. A blood test shows changes in chemical components in the body and gives the most complete picture of which organs are currently suffering the most. If the pain that plagues the patient is on the right or left side, then colposcopy is often prescribed. This is a diagnosis that requires highly qualified medical specialists who will carry out this procedure.

Self-diagnosis makes sense in some cases. But if the cramping sensations begin to intensify, then there is no point in continuing to delve into the Internet or look for some reasons or take questionable medications. The best thing to do in this case is to immediately call an ambulance so that professional help can be provided. You shouldn’t joke about your health, as sometimes a negligent attitude towards oneself and obvious symptoms indicating the presence of a serious pathology leads to death.

Ambulance - this is where women should go if they experience severe cramping pain in the lower abdomen

If the pain is tolerable and periodic, you can go to a therapist so that he can examine you and then give a referral to one or another specialist in a narrower field. Women are often advised to immediately go to a gynecologist, since whenever there is pain in the lower abdomen and cramping attacks, there is a suspicion that the problem may be hidden in inflammation of the reproductive organs. If pain of an increasing nature appears somewhere in the middle of the abdomen or closer to the navel, then perhaps the problem is in the intestines or bladder. Sensations that extend to the back area also indicate a disorder of the urinary system. Then you should definitely see a urologist. Or a gastroenterologist if, in addition to pain, you feel very sick or vomiting periodically. The more specialists examine the patient, the better it will be, since it will be possible to exclude certain diseases in order to understand the true cause of cramping pain.

Video - Cramping pain in the lower abdomen in women

Abdominal cramps during pregnancy are observed in almost every woman during the period of bearing a child. This process occurs due to hormonal changes in the body, restructuring of internal organs, which are one of the symptoms of increased uterine tone. For mild manifestations of spasms, doctors recommend rest and rest for the pregnant woman; in case of frequent, sharp spasmodic pain, seek medical help.

Abdominal cramps during pregnancy: causes

As a rule, discomfort in the lower abdomen occurs for the following reasons:

• increased uterine tone;
• problems in the digestive system (bloating, flatulence, constipation);
• Braxton Hicks training contractions;
• painful tingling in the lower abdomen at the end of pregnancy, signaling the beginning of the labor process.

• possible ectopic pregnancy;
• premature birth, possible miscarriage;
• cystitis;
• inflammation of appendicitis;
• intestinal flu, rotavirus infection.

Lower abdominal cramps in early pregnancy

You should be wary if contraction and hardening of the lower abdomen are accompanied by sharp, acute pain with bleeding, nausea, and loss of consciousness. These symptoms may indicate the likelihood of an ectopic pregnancy, miscarriage, or if the ultrasound does not confirm the fetal heartbeat, a missed abortion. In such circumstances, it is necessary to urgently seek professional help.

Muscle spasms in the lower abdomen at the beginning of pregnancy can be felt by girls whose monthly cycle was painful, and various types of diseases of the reproductive organs were observed. Sometimes spasms of the lower abdomen occur at lightning speed with sudden movements, coughing, sneezing. Often, spasmodic pain appears in repeatedly pregnant women after cesarean section, who have a scar on the uterus.

Lower abdominal cramps in late pregnancy

As the volume of the uterus increases, the organs of the abdominal cavity shift and shrink, so in the later stages, abdominal cramps during pregnancy can signal a disruption of the gastrointestinal tract. Thus, a pregnant woman, along with cramps, often experiences a feeling of heaviness in the abdomen, heartburn, and bloating. Due to the uneven passage of food through the intestines, flatulence (gas formation) and constipation occur. Therefore, nutritionists recommend that mothers review their menu and adjust meal times: eat often, but in small portions. Include fresh fruits and vegetables in your diet, and do not neglect dairy products and dried fruits. But it’s better to forget about smoked meats, pickles, and fried foods for a while.

Non-obstetric causes of lower abdominal cramps

Similar symptoms with inflammation of appendicitis occur with rotavirus infection. However, in addition to sharp cramps and nagging pain, intestinal flu is characterized by frequent vomiting and diarrhea. As a result, while waiting for an ambulance, it is necessary to drink still water or sweet tea often, but in small doses. It is prohibited to take any medications without a doctor's prescription. This can worsen the situation and harm the baby.

If muscle spasms in the lower abdomen during pregnancy are accompanied by tingling and painful urination, this is due to the occurrence of cystitis (inflammation of the bladder), which is caused by a bacterial infection entering the body.

Pregnant women have a highly developed “sixth sense”, so they can easily determine in which situations cramps in the lower abdomen are not significant, and which symptoms should be heeded. In any case, expectant mothers need to take care of themselves, and at the slightest hint of problems, consult a leading doctor.

One of the most common complaints from a doctor is pain and cramps in the abdomen. A spasm is a convulsive sharp contraction of muscle fibers; it can lead to a narrowing of the lumen of blood vessels, the esophagus, intestines or other hollow organs. Spastic pain can be mild or severe. Their causes may lie in serious illnesses or certain conditions.

Cause of abdominal pain and cramps

In most cases, the causes of pain and cramps in the abdomen lie in functional disorders of the digestive organs. Such results can be caused by: long-term disruption of the nervous system, prolonged depression and stress, poor lifestyle, etc. In some cases, pain and spasms appear due to various diseases of the digestive, urinary or reproductive systems.

With functional disorders, in addition to abdominal cramps, the following may be observed: insomnia, disruption of the menstrual cycle in women, erection problems in men, headaches, poor sleep, increasing depression, digestive disorders and other symptoms.

Abdominal pain with cramps and diarrhea

Diarrhea can be a disorder of the digestive system. This reaction occurs when it is necessary to remove harmful substances, mucus, poisons, rotting products, toxins and other accumulated substances from the body. Pain, abdominal cramps and diarrhea are often observed with overeating, menstruation, poisoning, or eating fatty or heavy foods. The same symptoms can occur during pregnancy.

If the pain becomes severe cutting, then this most likely indicates an inflammatory process. In such cases, you should definitely see a doctor.

Pain in the lower abdomen with cramps

One of the causes of pain and spasms in the lower abdomen is inflammatory diseases of the internal organs located in the peritoneum. In this case, the released exudate accumulates in the lower abdomen, seeping through the tissue. Thus, appendicitis and other pathologies manifest themselves.

Severe pain in the lower abdomen may result from a strangulated hernia. In women, spastic pain often occurs due to inflammation of the internal genital organs: fallopian tubes and ovaries. Nagging, spasmodic pain can occur during the period of ovulation in women.

When intestinal obstruction occurs, pain of varying severity and nature is also observed. Causes cramping pain and inflammation of the urinary tract or bladder. In men, cramps and discomfort in the lower abdomen may indicate pathologies of the prostate gland.

Medicines for abdominal cramps and pain

There is an opinion among medical workers that cramps and abdominal pain should not be relieved until the patient is examined by a doctor. This is due to difficulties in making a diagnosis. Therefore, the use of analgesics and antispasmodics is usually postponed.

As a medicine for cramps and abdominal pain, medications that have an antispasmodic effect are best suited. Such remedies relieve muscle tension, as a result of which they eliminate pain and relieve spasms. The muscles relax and the organs begin to function normally. These drugs have a targeted and selective effect, which makes it possible to quickly alleviate the patient’s condition.

You can prevent a recurrence of spastic pain by adjusting your diet, changing your daily routine in favor of a more correct one, and taking leisurely walks before bed. If you are prone to cramps, for example, during menstruation in women, you can take an antispasmodic drug in advance.

Abdominal pain with cramps in a child

Abdominal pain with cramps can occur in a small child as a result of an incompletely formed digestive system. The intestines of such children are not yet fully ready to digest food, so any disturbances in the mother’s diet or breastfeeding can lead to cramps and abdominal pain. Another cause of pain and spasms in a child is incorrect or untimely introduction of complementary foods. In schoolchildren, pain of this nature can occur during physical overload.