Retention cyst - what is this formation. Ovarian retention cyst and modern approaches to its treatment Retention formation in the right ovary

What is a retention cystic formation on the ovary? An ovarian retention cyst is a tumor-like cavity structure on one or both sex glands, the inside of which is filled with fluid or a thick substance containing blood. Unlike a tumor, retention ovarian structures do not undergo cancerous degeneration.

Types of retention cysts include:

1. A follicular ovarian cyst, which is formed from a follicle that has not burst in a timely manner, as normally occurs during the period of ovulation (the release of an egg). It usually resolves on its own within 2 to 3 monthly cycles.
2. Paraovarian cyst, which forms during fetal development. It never resolves and can only be removed surgically.
3. Corpus luteum cyst, the formation of which is associated with impaired development and regression of the corpus luteum after ovulation. Able to regress without treatment in 2 to 4 menstrual cycles.
4. An endometrioid cyst that grows from cells in the lining of the uterus that invade the ovary. This type of cyst must be treated by combining medication and surgery.

Methods of therapy

If a retention formation occurs on the ovary, the doctor, based on diagnostic data, analyzes the parameters of the cyst, the likelihood of complications, concomitant conditions, including pregnancy and its planning, internal diseases and the patient’s age.

If the cystic capsule is small in size and there are no noticeable symptoms, they choose the tactic of waiting and constantly monitoring any changes. If the formation grows, removal of the retention cyst becomes the only correct solution.

It is important to understand that each type of retention cyst has its own characteristics of course, development and treatment.

In gynecological practice, a retention cyst of the right ovary is more common due to a more active blood supply to its tissues. But treatment does not depend on where the cyst arose - on the right or on the left.

However, the symptoms caused by a retention formation of the right ovary are often confused with signs of inflammation of the appendix, and the retention cyst of the left ovary, according to clinical signs, is similar to a tumor of the sigmoid colon.

Physiotherapy

If an ovarian retention cyst is diagnosed, then in the case of a follicular formation or a corpus luteum cyst, the doctor may prescribe special physical therapy to accelerate resorption, including:

• electrophoresis;
• magnetophoresis, electromagnetophoresis;
• radon bathrooms;
• inductothermy.

Important. Physiotherapy with external heating is prohibited at the slightest suspicion of oncology, with an increase in temperature or any inflammatory processes. Sunbathing in direct sunlight, saunas, baths, steam rooms, hot baths is prohibited.

Drug treatment

As for medications, as a rule, they are prescribed if the ovarian retention cyst relates to the proliferation of the corpus luteum and endometriotic formation.

It should be understood that endometrioid retention of the ovary will not disappear under the influence of medications alone. This is possible in rare cases at the initial stage of the process, when the focus of endometrial cells in the ovary is very small.

Medicines can slow down the growth of the cyst and prevent recurrence of the spread of endometrial cells from the uterus to the pelvic organs. The course of treatment usually lasts at least 2 to 3 months.

Traditional drugs:

1. Hormonal agents that replace steroids produced by the ovaries. These include:

• estrogen-containing drugs (Klimara, Ovestin, Sinestrol, Ovipol Clio);
• products with progesterone (Duphaston, Progestin, Prajisan, Crinon);
• a new drug with dienogest - Visanne, which suppresses the development of endometriosis.

1. Combined contraceptive pills containing two hormones to normalize the ratio between the amount of different steroids in the female body (Femoden, Jess, Diane 35, Yarina, Marvelon, Janine, Rigevidon, Logest, Triquilar, Novinet).
2. Drugs that lower blood sugar levels, while simultaneously normalizing body weight and the monthly cycle, stimulating ovulation. Only under regular monitoring of glucose levels (Metformin, Siafor, Glucophage, Formetin, Glycon).
3. Drugs that suppress the production of male steroids - androgens. They allow you to suspend ovarian function, slowing down the growth of cysts and preventing the formation of new structures (Androkur, Veroshpiron).
4. Anti-inflammatory drugs. They relieve the inflammatory process and suppress cyst growth (Ibusan, Faspik, Ibuprofen, Diclofenac, Movalis, Nimesulide).
5. Analgesics and antispasmodics. They relieve pain and reduce spasms. No-shpa or Drotaverine, Spazmolgon, Ketonal.
6. Calming (sedative) drugs (Afobazol, Novopassit, Neurofazol, Mebicar, tinctures of valerian root, motherwort herb, evasive peony).

Doses of these drugs are prescribed only by the attending physician, based on a blood test for hormonal composition, since only a specialist is able to analyze deviations from the norm. In addition, the amount of medications prescribed will depend on the type of cyst.

Self-use of remedies can only provoke the growth of a retention cyst and worsen the situation.

Surgery

Surgical treatment is mandatory:

• in the case of paraovarian and endometrioid cysts;
• if the retention formation of the left ovary, right or both sex glands has grown to a critical size (usually more than 60 mm);
• in case of life-threatening complications, including rupture, suppuration of the cyst, twisting of its stem;
• if malignant tissue degeneration is suspected.

If a small retention cyst decreases during treatment with hormonal drugs, then therapy is extended until its complete regression. But in cases where conservative methods do not inhibit the growth of the cyst, the issue of surgery is decided.

There are 2 types of operations performed depending on the size of the formation, contraindications, age and desire of the woman to become pregnant in the future, these include:

1. Laparoscopic removal of the tumor, in which the cyst is removed through small incisions in the abdominal wall. The operation is painless and anemic.
2. Laparotomy of an ovarian cyst, performed for large cystic formations, in the case of the development of cancer cells, when endometriosis spreads to organs adjacent to the ovary, as well as in case of complications.

Treatment with folk remedies

Home methods for treating retention cysts using proven recipes can be used in parallel with drug and surgical treatment, but do not replace them.

Doctors often prohibit the use of herbs with phytoestrogens (natural substances with hormonal effects) together with hormonal pharmacological drugs. In addition, it is worth keeping in mind that phytoestrogens can uncontrollably change the effect of underlying medications.

The use of herbs and medicinal substances should be treated in the same way as medicines. Many of them are contraindicated in certain internal diseases (kidney and liver pathologies, allergic reactions, increased blood viscosity, tendency to stroke, and others), so consulting a doctor before starting to use them is mandatory.

Some recipes:

1. Birch fungus-tinder fungus chaga.

It is used in the form of the drug Befungin to treat tumors, including cystic formations on the ovaries. It is used for at least three monthly cycles (with a break for menstruation) one tablespoon before meals three times a day.

A healing infusion of chaga prepared at home will give even more pronounced results due to the increased content of nutrients. Take 600 grams of chaga, add warm water and leave for 8 hours to swell the raw material. The softened mushroom is crushed in a blender, 3 liters of water are added, the mixture is heated to 50C (without boiling) and left for 3 days at 19 - 25 C. Strain, diluted 2 times with boiled water and kept in the cold (no longer than 4 - 5 days) .

Treatment begins immediately after menstruation and ends at the onset of the next menstruation. In the first 3 days, drink half a glass of infusion three times a day 30 minutes before meals. Then the dose is increased to 200 ml.

1. Upland uterus, red brush, winter-loving.

Three medicinal plants - the hogweed (Ortilia unilateral), the winter-loving umbrella and the red brush (Rhodiola quadruple) - contain biologically active substances that enhance each other’s effects and have the following properties:

• reduce blood clotting;
• normalize hormonal levels and the functioning of the endocrine glands (adrenals, ovaries, thyroid);
• prevent the development of cancer;
• relieve inflammation and pain.

Treatment for retention cysts begins immediately after the end of monthly female bleeding.

Decoctions from boron uterus and winterweed are prepared in the same way: from one tablespoon of dry herb, filled with 250 ml of hot water. Keep in a steam bath for 10 minutes, leave for 4 hours and store in a cool place. If the herbs are purchased at a pharmacy, decoctions are prepared according to the instructions.

A decoction of red brush is made from 300 ml of water and a tablespoon of root. Boil for 10 minutes in a steam bath, leave for an hour.

How to drink:

• for the first 7 days, drink 50 ml of boron uterus decoction an hour before meals three times a day;
• then for 7 days, 100 ml three times a day on an empty stomach, drink an infusion of red brush;
• third week - half a glass of winterweed infusion in the morning.

After menstruation, the course is repeated. To enhance the results of treatment of a retention cyst, add a teaspoon of honey (per day) and vitamin E (according to the instructions for use). Standard course – 3 – 4 months.

ikista.ru

Ovarian retention cyst

The ovaries are paired organs of the female reproductive system in which sex cells (eggs) mature and sex hormones (estrogens, androgens, progesterone) are released. The ovary consists of stroma - the upper thin membrane and follicles containing eggs at different stages of growth and maturation.

Every month, one of the mature follicles bursts and releases an egg, this process is called ovulation. When the ovulation process is disrupted, ovarian cysts develop, which resemble an ovarian tumor, but unlike it, they do not metastasize to the lymph nodes and other organs.

An ovarian retention cyst is a volumetric formation on the surface of an organ, characterized by the presence of a thin sealed wall with fluid inside. Most often, blood acts as a liquid.

Causes

The cause of the disease is considered to be a violation of the ovulation process, which can occur as a result of:

• Increased estrogen production in the ovaries. This hormone affects the viscosity of mucus in the uterus and fallopian tubes; a high percentage of viscosity makes it difficult for the egg to leave the follicle or completely prevents ovulation.
• Violation of the production of gonadotropic hormones. These hormones are synthesized in the pituitary gland (the central organ of regulation of the endocrine glands) and are tropic to the ovaries. Gonadotropic hormones regulate the menstrual cycle, ovulation, and participate in the maturation of follicles.

Causes of disruption of hormone production in the pituitary gland include:

• a brain tumor;
• hereditary predisposition;
• Itsenko-Cushing's disease;
• underdevelopment of the pituitary gland;
• hemorrhagic stroke (bleeding in the brain);
• closed or open craniocerebral injuries;
• viral meningitis or encephalitis.

It is also possible to identify a group of women who are most predisposed to the occurrence of retention cysts. These include persons who have one or more predisposing factors:

• obesity;
• excess body weight;
• endocrine diseases (hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus);
• alcoholism;
• smoking;
• history of abortion;
• heavy physical labor, professional bodybuilding, weightlifting;
• taking hormonal drugs, and in particular uncontrolled, independent use of oral contraceptives;
• endometriosis is a serious disease associated with the introduction of endometrial cells into the ovary.

The endometrium, both in the uterus and in the ovary, changes under the influence of the menstrual cycle (it matures, grows, increases in volume, is rejected by the body and leaves it in the form of menstruation). The uterus is connected to the environment through the vagina and does not create an obstacle to the exit of the endometrium. Over time, a capsule forms around the cells, which increases in volume every month due to the influx of blood.

Classification

By type they distinguish:

1. A follicular cyst formed from a follicle that did not burst during ovulation.
2. Corpus luteum cyst, which is formed from a follicle in which the healing processes are disrupted after ovulation has occurred.
3. Paraovarian cyst formed from the epididymis. These cysts grow relatively slowly, but reach enormous sizes and weigh several kilograms.
4. Endometrioid cyst (the mechanism of development is described in “Causes of the disease”).

Symptoms

A small retention cyst is asymptomatic. It is usually diagnosed accidentally during routine examinations by a gynecologist. Such cysts occur without complications and in most cases resolve on their own.

As the cyst grows, the following symptoms are observed:

• increase in abdominal volume;
• asymmetry of the anterior abdominal wall;
• pain in the lower abdomen, aggravated by physical activity and sexual intercourse;
• nausea;
• rarely - gagging;
• constipation;
• menstrual irregularities.

As complications develop, the symptomatic picture changes:

• For cyst rupture it is typical:
• pale skin;
• sticky sweat;
• increased breathing rate;
• increased heart rate;
• decrease in blood pressure, up to the onset of shock;
• sharp pains over the entire surface of the abdomen of a bursting nature;
• the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall are tense;
• possible loss of consciousness;
• For suppuration of the cyst capsule it is typical:
• increase in body temperature to 39.00C and above;
• chills;
• dizziness;
• nausea, vomiting of intestinal contents;
• severe headache;
• pain in the lower abdomen, cramps, cramps;
• increased heart rate and blood pressure;
• for torsion of the cyst pedicle it is typical:
  • sharp pain in the lower abdomen;
  • vomit;
  • loss of consciousness;
  • urinary retention;
  • stool retention.

Diagnostics

1. An examination by a gynecologist is the first step that allows you to suspect a disease. During the examination, it is possible to identify only a medium or large cyst using bimanual palpation. The method consists of inserting two fingers of the right hand into the vagina, and the fingers of the left hand are located on the anterior surface of the abdominal wall from below. With the left hand, the doctor first probes the lower right region, and then the left one, while the uterine appendages (fallopian tubes and ovaries) are located between the fingers of the two hands, which makes it possible to determine the size and outline of the organs. An ovarian retention cyst will be characterized by an increase in the size of the organ, the surface and structure remain unchanged.
2. Laboratory examination methods.
   • A general blood test for uncomplicated cysts will be within normal limits; if a cyst ruptures, there will be a decrease in the amount of hemoglobin and red blood cells, an increase in the number of reticulocytes; if the cyst stalk is torsed or if it becomes infected, an increase in leukocytes, a shift in the leukocyte formula to the left, an increase in ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) will be characteristic. ).
   • A general urine test for uncomplicated cysts will be within normal limits; for complicated cysts, an increase in squamous epithelium and leukocytes in the field of view is observed.
   • A blood test for pituitary hormones shows a deviation from normal values ​​in one direction or another.
3. Instrumental examination methods.
   • Ultrasound examination of the ovaries allows you to identify a retention cyst, determine its size, and identify the presence or absence of complications.
   • A cyst biopsy under ultrasound control is performed to differentiate the cyst from a tumor, as well as to determine the contents in the bladder (serous fluid, blood, pus or malignant tumor cells).
   • CT (computed tomography) or MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) of the ovaries is usually rarely prescribed, since ultrasound examination data is sufficient to establish a final diagnosis. Using these methods, you can study the cyst in more detail, the disadvantage is the high cost of the examination.
   • Puncture of the posterior vaginal fornix. The method involves puncturing the back wall of the vagina with a syringe and aspirating the contents. If blood appears in the syringe, this indicates rupture of the cyst and bleeding from the follicle.
   • Diagnostic laparoscopy - insertion of an endoscope into the pelvic cavity through an incision on the anterior abdominal wall. The method is used when it is impossible to examine the ovary using an ultrasound, CT or MRI device, as well as when a malignant tumor is suspected. Laparoscopy is a rather traumatic examination method, but it provides 100% data on the structure and type of cyst; also, with the help of a laparoscope, the cyst can be punctured, bleeding can be stopped, and small cysts can be completely removed.

   For small and medium-sized cysts, doctors’ tactics are watchful, which consists of monthly monitoring of the affected ovary using an ultrasound machine, taking hormonal contraceptives (Zhanine, Novinet, etc.) according to the scheme proposed by your attending physician and a course of alternative treatment, which should be discussed the attending physician is aware.

   • The following folk recipes are used:
     • Grind 0.5 kg of viburnum through a fine sieve to separate the berries from the seeds, add liquid honey to the resulting freshly squeezed juice in a 1:1 ratio. Store the mixture in the refrigerator, take 1 teaspoon in the morning on an empty stomach. The course of treatment is 2 - 3 months.
     • Take blackcurrant leaves, yarrow leaves, nettle leaves, wormwood, chamomile flowers, shepherd's purse, immortelle, elecampane root, hawthorn and caraway fruits in equal proportions and grind using a blender. 2 tablespoons of the resulting mixture are poured into a thermos and poured with 1 liter of hot boiled water. The infusion begins to be taken a day later, 1/3 cup 30 minutes before eating. Duration of treatment is 1 - 2 months.
     • 1 - 2 times a week, use baths from a collection of herbs (calendula flowers, tansy, leaves of coltsfoot, birch, nettle grass, wormwood, thyme, yarrow, elecampane root).
   • If the cyst grows rapidly or if the cyst is large, laparoscopic surgery is performed. In the operating room, under spinal anesthesia, 3-4 incisions are made in the abdominal cavity, into which an endoscopic tube, a light source and auxiliary instruments are inserted (forceps, a coagulator (an electrode for making incisions and cauterizing blood vessels), an aspirator, a biopsy needle, etc.).
     • A needle is inserted into the cyst, all its contents are aspirated, then the capsule is carefully cut off from the ovary, if necessary, the ovary is sutured, and the sources of bleeding are cauterized.
     • The cystic bladder is removed through one of the incisions on the anterior abdominal wall and sent to a microbiology laboratory to rule out a viral infection or cancer.
     • The postoperative wound is sutured and drains are placed. After 4 - 5 days, with an uncomplicated operation, the patient is discharged home.
   • For complicated ovarian cysts, laparotomy is performed. The operation is performed in an operating room under general anesthesia. A midline incision is made on the anterior wall of the abdominal cavity, and the pathological ovary is removed into the surgical field.
     • If a cyst ruptures, the site on the ovary is excised and sutured; if a medium-sized cyst ruptures, part of the ovary is resected; for a large cyst, the ovary may be removed completely (resection).
     • If the legs of the cyst are torsed, the cyst is cut off and the ovary is sutured.
     • In case of purulent lesion of the ovary, the contents of the capsule are aspirated with a biopsy needle, the cyst itself is removed, trying not to damage the integrity, capturing 2 cm into healthy tissue. After resection of the cyst, the ovary is sutured. In the case of a large festering cyst, the ovary is resected.

     After all the manipulations, the surgical wound is sutured, drainage is placed and a tight aseptic bandage is applied. Such patients are discharged home no earlier than after 1.5 - 2 weeks.

     If a paraovarian cyst is diagnosed, a median laparotomy is performed, the ovary and fallopian tube are resected from the affected side.

   • cyst rupture;
   • cyst suppuration;
   • torsion of the cyst stalk.
   • balanced diet;
   • playing sports (fitness, swimming, aerobics);
   • fight against excess weight;
   • pregnancy planning;
   • use of contraceptive methods;
   • taking hormonal contraceptives only as prescribed by a gynecologist;
   • annual preventive examinations;
   • sanitary educational work among the population.

eva-health.ru

Ovarian retention cyst: causes, symptoms and treatment

The ovaries are paired organs that produce sex hormones and eggs, ensuring the maintenance of the menstrual cycle and pregnancy if it occurs. If cysts form on their surface, which happens quite often, all these processes are disrupted and, accordingly, a woman faces many tasks - how to prevent complications and improve the functioning of the reproductive system? Since cysts come in different types, it is natural that each of them requires an individual approach to treatment. Now we will talk about what an ovarian retention cyst is, why it occurs and how it is treated, because this type of formation is more often diagnosed in women of reproductive age.

Development mechanism

To understand what such a tumor is, you must first understand the mechanism of its occurrence. The main reason for the formation of a cyst is considered to be blockage of the excretory ducts of the glands in the appendage. The phenomenon can be provoked by various factors, for example:

• Disorders during embryonic development.
• Penetration of a foreign body into the gland.
• Formation of scar tissue.
• Appearance of a secretory clot in the gland, etc.

As a result of blockage of the duct, fluid begins to accumulate in the gland, which entails stretching of its shell and the formation of a kind of bubble, the inner walls of which are completely lined with the epithelium of the gland itself or its duct.

This cyst is a functional type formation and, depending on where it appears, it is divided into several types:

• follicular;
• paraovarian;
• luteal

Important! The cyst is not a malignant formation, although it looks like one. The main difference from cancer is that it is not capable of metastasizing into neighboring tissues, since its growth does not occur due to the proliferation of pathological cells. However, this does not mean that such a formation does not need to be treated! Long-term developing teratomas, including retention ones, can degenerate into cancer.

Causes

More often, the cyst is diagnosed in women of childbearing age, since it is during this period that the appendages are most active. Each menstrual cycle, several structures are formed in them that produce secretions. In the first half of the menstrual cycle, the production of this secretion is carried out in an enhanced mode. This is necessary so that the follicles and the eggs in them mature normally.

However, such an increased influx of secretions often provokes blockage of the excretory duct, resulting in the formation of a bubble filled with pathological fluid. And if we talk about what is the starting point in the development of a cyst, then it is necessary to highlight the following conditions:

• Disruption of the ovulation process - the follicle does not open, and the egg remains inside it, which causes an increase in its volume.
• Failure in the resorption of the luteal body, which is formed immediately after the opening of the follicle.
• Congenital anomalies, against the background of which a cyst begins to form during embryonic development.

These conditions are provoked by the following factors:

• Pathologies accompanying disturbances in the level of hormones in the body (thyroid disease, inflammation of the appendages, etc.).
• Long-term use of oral contraceptives.
• Unstable sex life.
• Medical and surgical abortions.
• Hormonal imbalance that occurs during pregnancy, puberty, or menopause.
• Frequent stress.
• Injuries to the organs of the reproductive system resulting from a fall, impact or surgery.

In most cases, women are diagnosed with a right ovarian cyst. This is due to the physiological characteristics of the body. The right appendage is most actively supplied with blood, so various pathological processes often occur in it. The formation of the left ovary is rarely detected in women and the cause of its appearance is often disturbances in embryonic development.

Symptoms

Before considering the symptoms of cysts, it must be said that some types of cysts can disappear after just a few menstrual cycles. These include follicular formations and teratomas of the corpus luteum. But paraovarian cysts, unfortunately, do not have this ability and require constant monitoring.

While the formation is small, the woman may not even suspect that there is such a pathology, since she does not notice any symptoms of its development. The only thing that may worry women during this period is a delay in the menstrual cycle, which is 2 to 3 days. However, many do not even attach importance to such menstrual cycle disorders, and therefore do not consult a doctor.

If the cyst does not resolve and continues to grow, then this process is accompanied by severe symptoms, which include:

• Discomfort in the lower abdomen.
• Tension of the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall.
• Pain that occurs during physical activity, lifting heavy objects, engaging in sexual intercourse, etc.
• Change in low-grade fever (it rises to 37.5 - 37.7 degrees).
• Weakness, malaise.
• Dizziness.
• Nausea, which is often accompanied by vomiting.
• The appearance of spotting bloody discharge from the vagina outside of menstruation.
• Delays in menstruation, which can reach several weeks.
• Malfunctions of the intestines, manifested by constipation, diarrhea, bloating, etc.

These symptoms occur as a result of the fact that when the cyst reaches a large size, it begins to compress nearby tissue. This may manifest as pain, discomfort, signs of inflammation, frequent urge to urinate, etc.

Possible complications

If cysts that form on the appendages are not treated, they continue to increase in volume and this can lead to certain complications, including:

• Torsion of the cyst, leading to tissue necrosis.
• Rupture of the walls of the formation, resulting in the development of peritonitis.
• Inflammation of the body of the cyst followed by suppuration, which also provokes the occurrence of conditions dangerous to the woman.

Important! These complications are accompanied by severe pain, fever up to 38 degrees and above, as well as nausea and vomiting. Due to the rupture of the cyst, severe bleeding is observed.

In addition, the appearance of retention formation on the surface of the ovary entails temporary infertility, since the menstrual cycle is disrupted.

Diagnostics

Cysts are detected during a gynecological examination. However, this method does not provide all the necessary information about education. Therefore, the next stage of diagnosis is an ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs.

An ultrasound shows the location of the formation (on the right or left ovary), its shape, the thickness of the walls, and the consistency of its contents. If during the examination the doctor suspects that the cyst has degenerated into a cancerous tumor, then CT, MRI, biopsy and testing such as the CA-125 tumor marker are additionally used. All these diagnostic methods are informative and detect cancer in the early stages of its development, which allows for timely surgical intervention and avoiding negative consequences.

Treatment options

For small cysts, therapy is carried out only conservatively. Since the cause of formations is often hormonal disorders in the body, treatment includes taking hormonal medications, which are selected strictly on an individual basis.

A mandatory addition to hormonal therapy is:

• Taking multivitamin complexes.
• Diet.
• Maintaining a daily routine.
• Light sports (swimming, fitness, etc.).

In this case, the patient is prohibited from:

• Smoking.
• Drink alcohol.
• Visit saunas and baths.
• Take hot baths.

If drug treatment does not produce positive results and progressive growth of the cyst is noted, surgery is prescribed. It is carried out in several ways - laparoscopic and laparotomy. The first method is used for small cysts, the second for large formations.

In the absence of complications, during surgery, doctors are able to preserve the ovary and its functionality. Therefore, after completing treatment, a woman may well become pregnant and give birth to a healthy child.

A cyst is not a death sentence. It can be easily cured without consequences. The main thing is to detect the problem in a timely manner and begin to eliminate it.

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Ovarian retention cyst

Home → Articles → Diseases → Gynecology → Ovarian retention cyst

An ovarian retention cyst is a neoplasm that appears on one of a woman’s two ovaries, which is a capsule filled with blood or fluid. Such cysts usually occur in women of reproductive age. Should we be afraid of them? What are they and how to treat them?

In the video: obstetrician-gynecologist, doctor of the highest category, doctor of medical sciences, professor Armen Eduardovich Ter-Hovakimyan.

Varieties

Doctors distinguish between a retention cyst of the right ovary and the left ovary, depending on where the formation is localized.

These include:

• follicular, which are formed from a follicle and, according to statistics, are the most common;
• corpus luteum cysts that appear in the corpus luteum, which is located in the ovary on certain days of the menstrual cycle and begins to produce sex hormones gestagens;
• paraovarian, formed from the ovarian appendages at the fallopian tube.

All varieties are united by the fact that they have a thin transparent capsule wall and never degenerate into malignant tumors. In addition, retention follicular and corpus luteum cysts often disappear on their own after 2-3 menstrual cycles. And just as unexpectedly as they appeared.

Symptoms Diagnostics

Often they do not manifest themselves at all and are discovered by chance as a result of a routine examination by a gynecologist. However, often a woman may feel nagging pain in the lower abdomen on the right or left, depending on where the formation is located. Unpleasant sensations may intensify during physical activity or during sexual intercourse. Between menstrual bleeding, spotting may appear.

This is why it is so important to undergo regular examinations with a gynecologist once a year. After all, if you have no complaints, this does not mean at all that the disease does not occur in a latent form in your body. To determine the presence of a tumor, the gynecologist only needs to perform palpation during the examination and ultrasound examination.

You will feel pronounced symptoms if the cyst ruptures. When a rupture occurs, the contents spill into the abdominal cavity, severe pain appears, and the temperature rises. Symptoms of an “acute abdomen” occur – muscle tension and severe pain. In this case, immediate treatment is required!

Treatment

If the formations do not reach a large size, drug therapy with oral hormonal agents is sufficient. Monitoring is required for 3 months - regular examinations by a gynecologist and ultrasound examinations. In most cases, this treatment is sufficient.

Complications

But retention cysts also have complications; they occur especially often if they are not detected on time and have already reached a large size.

The first is twisting the leg. In this case, the vessels are pinched, the blood supply is disrupted, and necrosis of the cyst occurs. Usually, the woman feels severe pain in the abdomen. Immediate surgical intervention is required.

The second is suppuration. Occurs when any infection occurs. Surgery is also required, followed by antibiotic therapy and observation by a gynecologist.

Third, cyst rupture. Because the capsule walls are very thin, the risk of rupture is high. Surgery is also necessary, followed by hormonal treatment and observation by a doctor.

Be attentive to your own health. If you have been diagnosed with a retention cyst of the right or left ovary, undergo regular examinations with a gynecologist to monitor the dynamics. The larger the formation reaches, the higher the risk of complications!

The administrator will contact you to confirm your appointment. IMC "ON CLINIC" guarantees complete confidentiality of your request.

www.onclinic.ru

2018 Blog about women's health.

In the literature it is described as ovarian tumor formations of a benign or malignant nature.

• The benign nature is determined by the absence of invasive (penetrating) growth into surrounding tissues and metastasis to distant organs. Functional cysts are characterized by a natural appearance during certain periods of the menstrual cycle.
• Malignant cyst formation occurs when cells degenerate and uncontrolled growth.

Benign tumors are more common in young women, while older women are more likely to develop a malignant process.

Usually, exceptional characteristics are not distinguished for a cyst of the right ovary. Manifestations and prognosis for life are determined by the type of cavity formation and its size. Thus, a functional cyst is not life-threatening, but requires observation.

In most cases, single small cysts of the right ovary are found. It is possible to detect numerous cavity formations - polycystic ovary syndrome, simultaneous damage to the second ovary.

The structure is determined by the type of cystic formation. The patient's management tactics can be watchful or involve medical or surgical treatment.

Causes

• Deviations in hormonal levels, including the regulation of endocrine organs at the level of the central nervous system.
• Carrying out abortions.
• Prolonged emotional stress, exposure to chemicals, ionizing radiation, long-term unbalanced nutrition.
• Concomitant inflammatory diseases of the genital organs.
• Hereditary predisposition.

Classification

They are characterized by general principles of classification of cysts. Cysts of the right ovary can be:

• Single or multiple cysts of the right ovary,
• Single-chamber or multi-chamber.
• Functional.
• Benign or malignant.

Depending on the nature of the course, it can be uncomplicated or complicated.

Symptoms

In most cases there are no clinical manifestations, since the lion's share is made up of functional cysts. Often a cyst is an accidental discovery during a routine examination.

The larger the cystic formation and the intensity of cyst growth, the more pronounced the clinical manifestations will be. May occur:

• Painful sensations of varying intensity. Characteristic localization is in the lower abdomen on the side of the cyst. Pain may vary depending on physical activity and the phase of the menstrual cycle.
• Menstrual irregularities, bleeding, infertility.
• Impaired function of nearby organs - the intestines or bladder.

The occurrence of complications is accompanied by a sharp deterioration in the clinical condition. It is possible to develop signs of acute surgical pathology: sharp pain of significant intensity, tension in the muscles of the abdominal wall, nausea, vomiting, palpitations, profuse sweat, shock and others.

Diagnostics

To establish a diagnosis for any clinical data, additional studies are required:

Gynecological (two-handed) vaginal examination evaluates pain and mobility of the tumor formation. In the case of a significant size of the cyst, sometimes the patient can independently identify a space-occupying formation located on the side or behind the uterus.

Treatment

The choice of treatment method is determined by the type of cyst. May be assigned:

1. Drug therapy: sex hormones, steroids, symptomatic treatment: (anti-inflammatory therapy, analgesics) and others.
2. Surgical techniques for cyst removal: endoscopic or abdominal surgery.
3. In some cases, it is possible to monitor a space-occupying lesion without the use of intensive treatment, using traditional methods of treatment. It is important that the decision on the choice of treatment method should be proposed by a specialist.

Due to the significant variety of types of cysts, there is no single method for eliminating the formation. Not only the presence and size of the tumor formation is also taken into account, but also related factors: the patient’s age, the condition of other genital organs, the presence of diseases of other organs and systems.

1. In the diet and nature of nutrition, it is recommended to adhere to general principles in the treatment of tumor formations:
   • Limit heavy physical activity, sexual activity, avoid hypothermia.
   • Balanced nutrition, enriching the diet with plant fiber, vitamins A, B, microelements.
   • Correction of emotional background. Elimination of long-term emotional stress.

Complications

The likelihood of complications increases with larger cysts. Can be:

• Menstrual dysfunction (delay or prolonged and heavy periods).
• Necrosis, torsion of the cyst, hemorrhage into the cyst cavity into the ovary or abdominal cavity.
• Cyst ruptures, bleeding (external or internal).
• Compression of nearby organs with dysfunction.
• For some types of cysts, these are signs of malignant growth.

Prevention

Includes general principles for ovarian cysts:

• Regular preventive examinations by a gynecologist with ultrasound examination (if necessary, dynamic observation).
• Timely detection and elimination of inflammatory diseases of the genital organs.
• Avoid prolonged stressful conditions.
• Detection and correction of metabolic disorders or hormonal imbalances.
• Undergoing blood tests for tumor markers (especially if relatives have been diagnosed with tumors).

Right ovarian cyst: causes of formation, types, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Often a woman is unaware of the existence of a cyst on the ovary, and then during her next visit to the gynecologist she learns about the pathology. The cyst is not dangerous as long as it is small. But it is unknown when it will begin to increase, and then the complications can be very serious. More often a cyst is found on the right ovary. This is most likely due to the fact that it is better supplied with blood than the left one. That is why complications arise here more often. During treatment, everything is done so as not to deprive a young woman of the opportunity to become pregnant and give birth safely.

Types of Cysts

An ovarian cyst is a cavity formed due to stretching of the membrane in any part of it. There are several types of neoplasms that differ in origin and nature of the contents.

It has been noticed that cysts appear on the right ovary more often than on the left. It functions more actively, as it is better supplied with blood due to its close location to the abdominal artery. With the blood, hormones produced by the pituitary gland (FSH and LH) enter the ovaries, which directly regulate the processes occurring in them. In the right ovary, dominant follicles mature more often. It produces more active hormones.

Functional

There are two types of ovarian cysts: functional and non-functional.

Functional ones are directly related to the hormonal processes occurring in the ovaries and are formed in a certain phase of the cycle. These include:

1. Follicular cyst. It is formed in the membrane of the dominant follicle in the first phase of the cycle.
2. Luteal cyst. It occurs after ovulation in the corpus luteum, which forms in the ruptured follicle after the release of the egg.

The peculiarity is that functional cysts can disappear on their own after the hormonal levels return to normal. As a rule, such cysts form on the right ovary.

Non-functional

Non-functional. Such neoplasms do not disappear on their own; they develop without connection with the processes of the cycle. These include:

1. Endometrioid. It is formed on the surface of the ovary when particles of the uterine mucosa come into contact with it (the cause is endometriosis, which develops as a result of hormonal imbalance). Due to the uneven structure of the particles, cracks are formed in them, which are filled with menstrual blood. Clotted blood is dark brown in color. Therefore, such an ovarian cyst is also called a chocolate cyst.
2. Paraovarian. Formed from a rudimentary epididymis. The cyst is connected to the body of the ovary by a stalk and is located near the fallopian tube. This is a congenital pathology that occurs in the embryo at the time of formation of the reproductive organs. Tumor growth occurs after puberty.
3. Dermoid. It is formed during intrauterine development at the time of the formation of organs from the germ layers. Each of them contains cells of a certain type, from which various tissues of the body are created. Hair, particles of skin, bones, and dental tissue are found inside.

Nonfunctional cysts on the right ovary are found with approximately the same frequency as on the left. Functional and paraovarian neoplasms are classified as retentional (formed by stretching the membrane with secretory fluid).

Video: How functional ovarian cysts form

Reasons for education

The main reason for the formation of functional ovarian cysts is a violation of the ratio of pituitary hormones and, accordingly, a failure in the development of the dominant follicle.

A follicular cyst is formed when there is an excess of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). The dominant follicle does not rupture, secretory fluid accumulates in it, and eventually a bubble with a diameter of up to 10 cm is formed in its wall.

A corpus luteum cyst is formed if the level of luteinizing hormone in the blood, which stimulates its growth, is exceeded. The FSH/LH ratio can independently recover to normal within 2-3 cycles, in which case the functional cyst of the right ovary disappears. If this does not happen, then hormonal treatment is used to normalize the background.

The causes of such disorders are inflammatory and infectious diseases of the uterus and appendages, diseases of the thyroid gland and pituitary gland, improper metabolism, exhaustion of the body or obesity. Hormonal imbalance can be caused by stress and bad habits.

An endometrioid tumor occurs as a result of pathological growth of the endometrium due to excess estrogen in the body. The disorder is facilitated by taking hormonal drugs for the purpose of contraception or replacement therapy. Excessive growth of the endometrium is promoted by damage to the surface of the uterus during inflammatory processes, the formation of scars and adhesions after surgery (abortion, curettage).

Note: Endometrial particles can be carried through the blood into the abdominal cavity if, for example, a woman has sex during menstruation. The reason such particles get on the ovaries may be an increase in intra-abdominal pressure when lifting heavy objects.

Paraovarian neoplasms most often begin to grow against the background of inflammatory processes, after abdominal trauma, or surgery in the abdominal cavity (for example, removal of the appendix). The cause of tumor growth may be overheating of the lower part of the body (bathing in a hot bath), or impaired development of the genital organs.

Dermoid cysts are genetic in origin. Its growth begins in a woman of any age. Provoking factors are diseases of the genital organs, the effects of toxins on the body, including nicotine and drugs.

As a rule, a cyst of the right ovary is discovered during reproductive age, when hormonal disorders occur most often. At risk are women suffering from obesity, infertility, menstrual irregularities, bad habits and promiscuous sex.

Complications of cyst formation

The disease occurs in 2 forms: complicated and uncomplicated. Complications arise if the tumor reaches a size of 3 cm or more. The following conditions pose a danger:

1. Twisting of the leg, cessation of blood supply. Necrosis and blood poisoning are possible.
2. Capsule rupture. If it swells and bursts, the contents spill into the abdominal cavity, leading to peritonitis. Together with the capsule, the ovarian membrane may rupture, causing apoplexy.
3. Hemorrhage (internal bleeding). This process is most typical for the right ovary, since it has a direct connection with the abdominal aorta. There may be hemorrhage inside the ovary, as well as into the abdominal cavity. If the hemorrhagic cyst is large and the bleeding is severe, only urgent surgery can save the woman.
4. Malignization. In some cases, an endometrioid or dermoid cyst degenerates into a cancerous tumor.

As doctors warn, the main cause of complications is usually failure to consult a doctor in a timely manner. Feeling unwell, women often self-medicate with home remedies without knowing the diagnosis, wasting precious time. Often, on the advice of friends, they warm up the lower abdomen, which is strictly prohibited.

The consequences may be suppuration of the contents, peritonitis, sepsis, disruption of neighboring organs, bleeding, anemia, removal of the ovary and infertility.

Cysts during pregnancy and childbirth

With a significant increase in tumors, pregnancy becomes more difficult. They can provoke menstrual disorders and lack of ovulation. In addition, neoplasms can block the entrance to the fallopian tubes, making fertilization impossible.

If during pregnancy a small ovarian cyst is discovered on the right or left side (less than 3 cm in diameter), then constant monitoring of its development is carried out (a luteal cyst, for example, resolves within a week).

In case of rapid growth and danger of twisting, hemorrhage or other complications, the neoplasm is removed. If this is not done, then even in the absence of pathological processes, an enlarging cyst can put pressure on the uterus, complicating the growth and development of the fetus, impairing blood circulation. This provokes miscarriage or premature birth.

During childbirth, pushing can cause the cyst to rupture and release its contents into the abdominal cavity and birth canal. In this case, a situation arises that is dangerous for the woman’s life. Urgent abdominal surgery is required.

Video: Corpus luteum cyst during pregnancy

Symptoms

If the right ovarian cyst has a diameter of less than 2 cm, then the woman does not feel its presence. The growth of the tumor leads to a nagging pain in the groin area on the right side.

Cycle disturbances occur: increased or decreased menstrual bleeding, missed periods, inability to get pregnant. Spotting and spotting appears between menstruation due to leakage of cyst contents.

A large capsule puts pressure on neighboring organs. In this case, the woman experiences constipation, flatulence, and difficulty urinating. Pressure on the intestines leads to nausea and heartburn.

When an ovarian cyst located on the right side becomes inflamed, the same symptoms occur as with appendicitis (cutting pain in the lower abdomen, pain when palpating this area, nausea, vomiting). Therefore, in some cases, an inaccurate diagnosis may be made, and the picture of the disease becomes clearer during the operation.

Symptoms of complications include severe abdominal pain, fever, anemia, and uterine bleeding.

Diagnosis and treatment

Large cysts are detected already on palpation. Ultrasound (external and transvaginal) is used to determine their size, location and type. The presence or absence of pregnancy is also determined.

To find out about the accumulation of blood in the abdominal cavity, a puncture of the posterior vaginal wall is performed. The laparoscopy method is used. If necessary, you can immediately remove the cyst during the procedure.

They do blood tests for hormones, tumor markers, blood and urine tests for the presence of infectious agents.

Drug treatment is carried out when functional cysts larger than 5 cm are detected. For this, drugs containing estrogens and progesterone (Janine, Duphaston, Jess) are used, which normalize hormonal levels. If inflammatory processes are detected, antibiotics are prescribed.

Paraovarian, endometrioid and dermoid cysts are removed surgically, as they are not able to shrink or resolve under the influence of drugs. Most often, removal is performed laparoscopically. For young women, attempts are usually made to preserve the ovary and fertility.

Women over 45 years of age can undergo partial or complete removal of the ovary, since the risk of malignant degeneration is higher for them.

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CAVITY FORMATION OF THE RIGHT OVARY

On day 8 of the cycle:

Uterus = 4.5 x 4 x 3.1

The contours are smooth, the echostructure of the myometrium is homogeneous, of normal echogenicity.

M-echo = 0.5 cm, homogeneous.

The uterine cavity is not dilated or deformed.

Cervix = 2.8 x 2.4. The contours are smooth. The echostructure of the myometrium is homogeneous, of normal echogenicity.

The church canal has not been widened.

There is no free fluid in the retrouterine space.

Right ovary - on the side of the uterus = 3.9 x 2.7 x 3.2 with a cystic homogeneous inclusion, 1.5 cm in diameter.

Left ovary - on the side of the uterus = 2.5 x1.4 x2.2. The contours are smooth. The echostructure of the myometrium is homogeneous, of normal echogenicity with follicular structures of 0.5-0.6 cm.

In the area of ​​the appendages on both sides there are linear echo-positive structures.

Conclusion: Cavity formation of the right ovary (differentiate from retention).

Signs of a previous inflammatory process in the appendage area.

Ultrasound of the follicle on the 14th day of the cycle:

Right ovary = 3.1 x 1.9 x 2.1 with a corpus luteum with a diameter of 1.5 cm.

Left ovary = 4.1 x 1.7 x 2.0 with several fluid inclusions up to 0.9 cm in diameter.

In the retrouterine space there is an accumulation of free fluid with a layer thickness of up to 1.2 cm.

recovery of the left ovary (they said it would resolve). They put me in the hospital and gave me anti-inflammatory drugs and antibiotics, without studying my hormonal background, they told me to take a choice of Jess, Logest, Yarina and 2 other OK ones. Is it possible to prescribe without studying hormones? background (if possible, which ones are better? I’m afraid I’ll gain weight) and is this education very dangerous? Thanks in advance.

the contours are smooth. the echostructure of the myometrium is homogeneous, with normal echogenicity

The fertilized egg is not visualized in the uterine cavity, the uterine cavity is not dilated.

cervix: length 3 cm, thickness 2.6

Right ovary 2.9*1.4*1.7 cm. the contours are smooth with several cystic homogeneous inclusions up to 0.3 cm.

Left 3.3*1.9*2.2cm. the contours are smooth with a yellow body with a diameter of 1.7 cm.

The appendage areas on both sides are linear echo-positive structures.

The question is what it could be. a long-awaited pregnancy.

Retention formation of the left ovary, causes, treatment

In a woman's reproductive system, the ovaries play one of the main roles. They produce eggs, after fertilization of which life begins. Once a month, a follicle containing an egg is formed in one of the ovaries. When the follicle matures, it bursts and the egg is released, forming a corpus luteum that produces progestin hormones.

This process is called ovulation. But it happens that the natural course of ovulation is disrupted, and then retention of the ovary may occur.

In our article we will talk about this phenomenon, namely retention formation of the left ovary, consider the reasons for its occurrence, learn to recognize the main signs, and get acquainted with treatment methods.

What is retention formation of the left ovary. Causes of occurrence.

Retention formation of the left ovary, what is it? At its core, it is a tumor-like formation on the ovary. The key word here is similar, since it differs from the tumor in structure and does not produce metastases. Externally, this formation looks like a thin transparent bubble, with blood, liquid, and in rare cases, pus inside.

The sizes, which as they grow, can vary from a couple of centimeters to 15, or even over 20 centimeters in diameter. This disease is also called ovarian retention cyst.

According to statistics, retention formation of the left ovary occurs much less frequently than the right one, and girls and women of reproductive age (from 14 to 50 years) are at risk. As a percentage, of the total number of diseases of the female reproductive system, retention formations account for 20%. This means that every fifth woman has encountered this disease.

Among the main causes of cystic formation of the left ovary are the following:

• hormonal disorders;
• early menstruation;
• disturbances in the menstrual cycle, ovulation, follicle formation;
• endometriosis;
• history of abortion or other operations on the reproductive organs;
• the presence in the medical history of previous ovarian retention formations;
• various infections of the genitourinary system;
• inflammatory processes in the ovaries, uterus;
• uncontrolled use of hormonal drugs, including contraceptives;
• early sexual life;
• overweight;
• poor nutrition;
• bad habits (smoking, alcohol and drug addiction).

The occurrence of retention formation depends on the influence of many factors, both internal (endocrine disorders) and external (early sex, bad habits).

Classification and general signs of retention formation of the left ovary

Today, experts identify several types of retention formations, which directly depend on the reasons for their formation.

Follicular formations

The most common, and least dangerous (the occurrence of oncology is minimal). As the name suggests, they arise from the follicles as a consequence of the fact that the ovulation process is not completed, and the egg remains in the unbursted follicle, from which a cyst is formed. It can grow up to five or more centimeters in diameter.

Formations from the corpus luteum

They are much less common compared to follicular ones. After ovulation, the corpus luteum forms, secreting progestogens - female hormones. If there are hormonal disorders in the body, then a cyst begins to grow in place of the corpus luteum.

Paraovarian formation

The place of origin is the ovarian epididymis. The peculiarity of this type is that the cyst itself grows very slowly and is practically asymptomatic, which makes it difficult to diagnose at the initial stage of growth. The size of this formation can be up to 15 centimeters in diameter (sometimes up to 30 cm are found) and weigh a couple of kilograms.

Endometrioid formation

Develops with endometriosis (epithelial cells of the inner layer of the uterus begin to spread and grow outside the uterus). In this case, endometrial cells enter the ovary, and after some time they become overgrown with a capsule, which begins to grow. The size ranges from 1 to 10 centimeters. Due to the blood accumulated in them, they have a brown tint.

At an early stage of growth, the cyst does not reveal itself; the disease can practically be asymptomatic.

But over time, in the process of growth, the following signs of retention formation of the left ovary appear:

• left-sided pain of a pulling or aching nature, localized in the lower abdomen;
• constant tension of the abdominal muscles;
• nausea, general weakness;
• the stomach visually enlarges;
• instability of the menstrual cycle;
• Bloody discharge may appear;
• acute abdomen, increased body temperature (when the cyst bursts).

Despite the fact that in most cases, retention of the ovary does not cause much concern and does not develop into malignancy, it is impossible to do without timely diagnosis and treatment.

Diagnosis and treatment

This disease can be diagnosed at different stages in the following ways:

Examination by a gynecologist

By palpation and using special instruments, the doctor can determine the location of the formation and its size.

Ultrasound examination

Allows for diagnosis even at an early stage of development, since the echographic signs of retention formation of the left ovary are distinguished by a characteristic feature - a high level of echo conductivity. This type of study also determines the size, shape, and density of the walls.

Test for hCG (human chorionic hormone)

Carried out to exclude ectopic pregnancy.

X-ray of the sigmoid colon

The clinical picture of a cystic formation on the left ovary is similar in symptoms to a malignant tumor of the sigmoid colon.

Computed tomography and MRI. It is used if there is concern about malignant formations.

After carrying out the necessary diagnostic measures and making a diagnosis, it is necessary to undergo appropriate therapy.

Typically, two types of treatment are used in practice:

In case of retention of the left ovary, treatment is conservative, including either a “wait and see” tactic or the use of medications.

In the first case, the cystic formation can resolve on its own, without any intervention. This method requires constant monitoring and control of the growth of the cyst. The second involves the use of hormonal drugs (for example, Duphaston or Novinet).

When conservative treatment does not bring the desired results, surgical treatment is used. Surgical treatment means direct surgical removal of the retention cyst of the left ovary (for example, laparoscopy).

Retention formation of the left ovary is an unpleasant disease for any woman. Delayed detection and improper treatment can lead to unwanted complications.

To minimize the risk of retention formations, you need to closely monitor your health and undergo regular examinations with a gynecologist.

Learn more about the causes of cysts in the video:

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Retention formation of the ovary

Quite often, after visiting a gynecologist, women of fertile age are sent for an ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs, and the ultrasound doctor issues a conclusion - “retention of the ovary.” What does this diagnosis mean, and is this formation dangerous?

Retention formation can occur in any parenchymal or glandular organ if there is an obstruction to the outflow of secreted fluid. A cyst may occur in the salivary glands or in the mammary gland. From a histological point of view, a retention cyst is a volumetric formation that is filled with fluid inside.

Usually a cyst is a thin-walled formation, and with ultrasound the contents can be clearly seen. This fluid is produced by the inner layer of cells that line the internal cavity. There is an alternative way - this is the sweating of the liquid part of the blood (plasma) from nearby blood vessels. Most often, such formations are found in women of the fertile period, somewhat less often they are observed during menopause and the postmenopausal period, and even less often cysts are found in girls under the age of one year, and even in the fetus.

Sometimes doctors may call a retention cyst functional. Where did this name come from? Normally, tissues trapped inside the formation produce the desired secretion. This is their function. It was simply by chance that conditions were created that prevented the disruption of the outflow of this fluid, which is why a cystic vesicle began to form. After fluid begins to accumulate in the cyst cavity, it constantly grows and increases in size. Due to increased pressure, the epithelium lining the cavity from the inside gradually begins to degenerate, and fluid production gradually stops.

Depending on the conditions of occurrence, ovarian cysts can be follicular, endometrioid and corpus luteum cysts. Sometimes there are paraovarian phenomena and other varieties. Follicular cysts occur after a follicle ruptures, after a mature egg has been released, and often appears due to hormonal imbalance if ovulation is absent. Often the presence of multiple follicular retention cysts is a sign of infertility.

If a cyst has formed that produces progesterone after ovulation, and it has not regressed, then it is called a corpus luteum cyst.

Finally, if a woman suffers from endometriosis, and it has an ectopic localization, then the endometrium can also be shed in the ovary, as in the uterus, and in the case of a closed space, an endometrioid cyst occurs. It is also called chocolate.

There is no difference whether a retention formation has occurred on the right ovary or on the other side. It can grow up to 10 cm and even more, but in practice the size rarely exceeds 6 - 8 cm.

Causes

This pathology occurs if there are certain violations. The most common reasons are:

• inflammation of the pelvic organs, especially chronic, of the ovaries and uterus, such nosologies as adnexitis and salpingitis, oophoritis;
• surgical gynecological intervention;
• abortions;
• sexually transmitted infections and sexually transmitted diseases;
• when self-medicating with hormonal drugs, when prescribing oral contraceptives without indications;
• with illiterate treatment of infertility, in which they try to achieve ovulation at any cost;
• due to overwork, malnutrition.

In unborn girls, cysts arise, for example, when stimulated by maternal hormones, or with a general increase in the concentration of hormones in the prenatal period. Retention cysts of follicular origin disappear in half of newborn girls in the first two to three months of life.

What is the danger?

The danger of any retention cyst lies not in the fact that it exists and exists asymptomatically, but in what can happen to it. The following events can happen:

if the formation is on a long stalk, this stalk may twist. As a result, necrosis of living tissue occurs due to vascular necrosis, which causes acute surgical pathology;

• The cyst constantly grows and eventually ruptures.
• The contents are poured into the abdominal cavity. If the contents were sterile and the volume was small, the woman may recover on her own. If the contents of the cyst were of a significant volume, there may be a threat of infection with the development of pelvic peritonitis, which leads to an immediate threat to life. If a rupture occurs, urgent surgery is required.
• Finally, the outcome of any cyst can be massive intraperitoneal bleeding, especially if the rupture causes damage to a medium- or large-caliber vessel.

Symptoms

In what case can a woman suspect the presence of retention cysts? Of course, they often do not appear in any way, especially if the formations have not yet reached a significant diameter. But you need to contact a gynecologist if the following symptoms occur:

• general weakness or malaise associated with menstruation;
• subfebrile temperature figures during the premenstrual period;
• the appearance of pain in the second phase of the female cycle;
• increased pain during sex, with increased physical activity, with sudden movements;
• if there is a feeling of fullness in the stomach on the right or left, which intensifies in the second phase;
• minor bleeding occurs between periods, or turns into periods;
• Finally, the most important sign of formations may be a delay in menstruation, as well as an increase in the volume of the abdomen if the cyst has grown to a very large size.

If one of the complications occurs, the symptoms may be completely different - this is the appearance of sharp abdominal pain, collapse, drop in blood pressure, hemorrhagic shock during bleeding, or the symptoms of an acute abdomen with peritonitis several days after the rupture of the cyst.

Signs of retention formation of the left ovary can simulate inflammation of the left ureter, and on the opposite side, biliary colic or pain syndrome associated with stretching of the liver capsule may interfere with accurate diagnosis.

Diagnostics

A full gynecological examination is the main procedure, which allows the woman to be subsequently referred for various examinations in order to confirm or exclude the presence of an ovarian retention cyst. During the examination, the doctor determines the preliminary localization of the formation, and can also palpate the painful ovaries.

The main diagnostic method is ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs, both transabdominal and transvaginal. Ultrasound can not only determine the exact size and location of the cyst, but also suggest the characteristics of the origin of the formation.

In complex cases, magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography are used, and various tumor markers are determined.

Sometimes, when ectopic implantation of the ovum cannot be ruled out, a pregnancy test is performed.

Operative diagnosis of complicated conditions usually includes laparoscopic surgery, as well as puncture of the Douglas pouch, or posterior vaginal vault. A puncture shows the accumulation of fresh blood in the abdominal cavity, or effusion, which indicates the onset of peritonitis.

If the presence of effusion is accompanied by significant leukocytosis and an increase in ESR in the general blood test, then the patient must be operated on urgently. Retention formation of the left ovary is somewhat easier to diagnose, since the spleen and kidney are on the left, and the kidney, liver and appendix are on the right.

Treatment

In some cases, you can only observe the patient under ultrasound control without taking any action, since small follicular cysts can resolve on their own, 2 or 3 months after their occurrence.

Conservative therapy involves normalizing the menstrual cycle: vascular drugs are used, and drugs that improve microcirculation, sometimes oral contraceptives are prescribed, under the supervision of a gynecologist-endocrinologist.

Surgical intervention is currently a gentle and minimally invasive procedure. It is performed using a laparoscope, without large incisions. Using the endoscopic method, you can not only thoroughly examine the ovary, not only perform puncture of the formation, but also remove it with minimal trauma.

The laparoscopic method of removing cysts practically does not cause any early or late postoperative complications, does not cause adhesions, and shortens the postoperative period as much as possible. After laparoscopy, a small mark no more than a centimeter long remains on the skin of the abdomen. For an ovarian retention cyst with a diameter of 5 cm, detected laparoscopically, removal is performed, since laparoscopy allows this to be done.

In the same case, if the patient is taken to the department of operative gynecology for emergency reasons, then sometimes it is impossible to do without laparotomy, that is, a wide incision on the anterior abdominal wall. This can be done in order to conduct an examination of the pelvic organs, remove blood that has spilled into the abdominal cavity, or perform an ovarian resection or even an oophorectomy if indicated.

In conclusion, it should be noted that timely, regular examination by a gynecologist allows you to diagnose cystic processes occurring in the ovary as early as possible. This, in turn, allows them to be treated in a timely manner, practically without resorting to surgical intervention.

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– a tumor-like liquid formation, but only the appearance connects the tumor with a real cyst. A retention cyst is a kind of sac containing fluid; a cyst does not metastasize. Ovarian retention is the most common, but most harmless type of cyst.

Types of retention formations

Basically, retention formations of the right and left ovaries are benign; in rare cases, some of them can degenerate into cancer. There are two main types of retention formations:

1. . They are divided into two subtypes - follicular cyst and corpus luteum cyst. This is the most common type of cyst, occurring more often in women ready to bear children, and less often in women after menopause and in newborns.
2. Endometrioid cyst. Endometriosis is a pathology in which the inside of the uterus is located outside the organ. Such formations are also called “chocolate” because of their dark brown color. Symptoms of such a cyst are nausea and attacks of abdominal pain during menstruation. Loss of consciousness often occurs.

Treatment of ovarian retention cyst

Adequate treatment of retention formation of the left and right ovary can only be prescribed by a gynecologist. There are two effective methods of treating such formations:

1. Observation - some retention formations can resolve on their own after a few months. If your gynecologist suggested that you come back for a repeat ultrasound in a few months, then he chose a wait-and-see approach. Perhaps, when you visit the ultrasound room again, you will no longer see the cyst in the image.
2. Removal - this type of treatment is prescribed for pronounced manifestations of symptoms - severe pain, nausea, large size of the formation. A retention cyst of the right and left ovary can also be promptly removed to accurately determine that it is not malignant.

Content

An ovarian retention cyst is a fluid-filled cavity that is formed from glandular tissue. The reason for its appearance is the blockage of the gland ducts through which secretions should be removed. This neoplasm occurs on the ovary mainly in those women who are of reproductive age.

What is an ovarian retention cyst?

A retention cyst can form on the left or right ovary. Outwardly, it looks like a capsule with transparent walls; inside it is liquid. The following types of cystic tumors are classified as retention:

• follicular;
• endometrioid;
• paraovarian;
• Corpus luteum cysts.

You can only get rid of paraovarian cysts through surgery; endometrioid inclusions can be treated with hormonal therapy; other types can resolve on their own.

Attention! Retention cystic neoplasms do not degenerate into malignant tumors.

You can find out what types of cystic neoplasms exist and what they are from the video:

Causes of pathology

Ovarian retention formations can appear at any age. The most common cause of their occurrence is hormonal imbalances. With excessive production of estrogen in the female body, the process of mucus secretion intensifies and it becomes thicker. As a result, the secretion produced becomes more viscous. It clogs the excretory ducts and begins to accumulate in the gland, increasing its volume.

A retention cyst of the right ovary can form in the place of a follicle that has not burst, or the corpus luteum. Normally, the follicle gradually increases in size and bursts in the middle of the menstrual cycle. An egg comes out of it. If the follicle does not burst, then a follicular cyst may appear in its place. Most often, pathology occurs during puberty. One of the reasons is excess estrogen in the body.

A tumor of the corpus luteum is detected in cases where this temporary gland does not regress, but continues to grow. Normally, the corpus luteum is needed to produce progesterone to maintain pregnancy. If fertilization does not occur, then it resolves by the beginning of menstruation. A cyst can appear if a woman:

• took emergency contraception;
• took medications that stimulate the release of an egg;
• starved;
• I was under a lot of stress.

Cystic inclusions may appear in chronic diseases of the appendages and after frequent abortions.

Endometrioid cysts appear in patients suffering from endometriosis. Inside the cystic cavity there are remnants of blood, which is released in women during menstruation. They can appear when:

• immune disorders;
• hormonal imbalances;
• cells of the uterine mucosa entering the ovaries through the bloodstream;
• transfer of mucosal cells during operations.

A paraovarian cyst is located in the area between the ovary, the broad uterine ligament and the tube. This is a fluid-filled cavity. It appears due to intrauterine disruption of the genital organs.

Symptoms of ovarian retention cyst

Many retention inclusions are detected by chance. If they are small in size, then there may be no unpleasant symptoms.

Most often, corpus luteum cysts are asymptomatic. They resolve on their own in 2-3 months in almost 90% of women. Some people experience:

• mild pain in the lower abdomen;
• lengthening the duration of menstruation;
• delayed menstruation;
• feeling of heaviness, feeling of fullness in the stomach.

With follicular cysts, the regularity of the monthly cycle is disrupted. An ovarian retention cyst causes bleeding on any day of the cycle; in many women with acyclic bleeding, benign neoplasms are often detected.

Characteristic signs occur with the development of endometrioid cysts. Women complain about:

• constant aching pain, alternating with sharp pain;
• urinary disorders;
• painful periods;
• infertility.

With paraovarian cysts, complaints appear if their diameter becomes more than 12-15 cm. In patients, the regularity of the menstrual cycle is disrupted, acyclic uterine bleeding appears, and menstruation becomes painful.

Signs of retention formation of the right ovary

When a retention inclusion appears in the patient’s right ovary, pain may appear on the right side. If the cystic formation has ruptured or its stem has become twisted, it will be difficult to determine the exact location of the pain.

Women with follicular cystic tumors in the right ovary may experience pain on the right during ovulation. Women feel them for 1-2 days.

Signs of retention formation of the left ovary

Even in the absence of symptoms, the doctor, with manual examination, can identify a retention inclusion in the left ovary. During the examination, the gynecologist should feel a mass formation located in the left iliac region.

Symptoms of retention formation of both ovaries

If a woman experiences pain in the area of ​​the appendages on the left and right, then the appearance of retention cysts on both ovaries can be suspected. Most often, such symptoms occur with the development of endometrioid cystic tumors. After all, corpus luteum cysts and follicular cystic neoplasms rarely appear on both sides. They affect only one gonad.

Ovarian retention cyst in postmenopause

During postmenopausal women, functional cysts cannot form. Therefore, the appearance of any tumor-like formations should alert you. At this age, it is not cysts that predominantly appear, but cystomas - true tumors that can degenerate into malignant ones.

After the onset of menopause, there is a possibility of endometrioma formation. It occurs when the lining of the uterus grows into the ovaries. This pathology occurs in no more than 3% of patients who have experienced menopause. When endometriomas are detected on the ovaries in postmenopause, surgical treatment is indicated.

Diagnostics

To identify an ovarian retention cyst, the gynecologist must conduct a two-manual examination of the pelvic region and, if the formation of a neoplasm is suspected, refer the patient for an ultrasound. During the examination, the doctor can see the location of the tumor, its structure, shape, and size. Based on the parameters obtained, the diagnosis is clarified.

The corpus luteum cyst looks like a round cavity with clear contours; it has an anechoic structure. Endometrioid tumors are characterized by a heterogeneous internal echostructure, and numerous echo signals are visible in them. Follicular cysts are hypoechoic, thin-walled, with only 1 chamber inside.

Attention! If necessary, therapeutic and diagnostic laparoscopy is performed. During this procedure, the doctor can not only examine and remove the retention cyst of the left ovary, but also examine the appendages on the right.

Treatment of ovarian retention cyst

If cysts of the corpus luteum or follicles are detected, treatment is not immediately prescribed. Doctors recommend monitoring them for 2-3 cycles. If the situation does not change or retention cystic neoplasms begin to grow, drug therapy is selected.

Conservative treatment is prescribed to patients when endometrioid cysts are detected. It is aimed at eliminating the symptoms that the patient complains about and preventing the progression of the pathology. When small paraovarian cysts are detected, it is recommended to monitor their growth and development. If the diameter exceeds 10 cm, then surgical intervention is indicated.

Drug treatment

To get rid of follicular tumors, gynecologists prescribe hormonal drugs to patients, which include gestagens and estrogens. The effect of treatment should appear in 1.5-2 months.

For a corpus luteum cyst that does not go away on its own, the doctor may prescribe progesterone medications in the second phase of the cycle. An effective method of combating existing cystic inclusions is hormonal contraceptives. With their help, you can prevent the appearance of new cystic tumors.

For endometriomas the following is prescribed:

• estrogen-gestagen agents: Diane-35, Femoden, Marvelon, Anovlar;
• antiestrogens: Tamoxifen;
• progestogens: Duphaston, Gestrinone, Norkolut, Medroxyprogesterone;
• androgens: Sustanon-250, Testenate;
• steroid anabolic drugs: Methylandrostenediol, Nerobol.

The duration of therapy when endometriotic formations are detected is at least six months. The tactics of hormonal treatment should be selected by the doctor. In addition to hormones, vitamins, painkillers and anti-inflammatory medications are prescribed.

Puncture of ovarian retention formation

If drug therapy is ineffective, surgery is prescribed. Benign formations can be removed during therapeutic and diagnostic laparoscopy. The doctor may decant the cystic cavity or cut it out completely.

In some cases, a puncture of the retention formation is made under ultrasound guidance. The doctor pierces the cystic wall with a special needle and through it extracts the contents of the capsule into sterile tubes. The resulting fluid is sent for examination, and a sclerosing agent is injected into the cystic cavity. Under its action, the walls stick together and the formation resolves.

Physiotherapy

When a functional retention formation of the ovary appears, the doctor may recommend, in addition to drug treatment, physiotherapeutic procedures. They are used primarily for corpus luteum cysts. The doctor may prescribe:

• ultraphonophoresis;
• electrophoresis;
• SMT-phoresis;
• magnetotherapy.

Mud therapy, laser therapy and vaginal irrigation with medicinal solutions are also used.

Treatment of ovarian retention cysts with folk remedies

You can get rid of benign luteal tumors using folk remedies. Some recommend using an alcoholic infusion of raisins. To prepare it, pour 0.5 liters of vodka into 150 g of raisins. It is necessary to infuse the liquid for a week. Take 1 tablespoon three times a day.

Fans of alternative medicine also recommend drinking burdock juice, a tablespoon three times a day. The squeezed juice should be stored in the refrigerator for no more than 3 days.

Possible complications

In rare cases, retention formations that appear cause complications:

• twisting of the leg;
• rupture of the cystic cavity;
• suppuration.

In these conditions, emergency surgery is required.

Reference! The development of complications can be suspected by stabbing pains, a drop in blood pressure, and pale skin.

Disease prevention

It is not always possible to prevent the appearance of retention cysts, because the mechanism of their formation is not fully understood. Women are advised to monitor their reproductive health and regularly visit a gynecologist. An effective method of preventing the occurrence of functional neoplasms is the use of hormonal contraceptives.

Women who have been diagnosed with an ovarian retention cyst should closely monitor their health and follow all recommendations of their doctor. It can resolve on its own, but there are certain types that can only be removed through surgery.

An ovarian cyst is a benign formation - a cavity filled with fluid inside. Such formations can be different, and they are not always safe for health. It is up to the specialist to decide whether the patient needs medication. Let us consider in more detail in what situations a cystic formation of the right ovary can occur, what symptoms accompany this condition, how and when it needs to be treated.

Types and features of formations

Most often, cysts of the right ovary can be diagnosed in girls and women of childbearing age. Moreover, some of them may occur periodically and then resolve on their own. This applies, in particular, to a functional cyst formed from a structure that the right ovary produces during ovulation. Functional follicular cysts and corpus luteum cysts can resolve on their own. The remaining types of formations, according to experts, require treatment.

A cystic adenoma, which grows from cells that make up the outer membrane of the right ovary, is considered quite dangerous. A dermoid cyst, which is filled not with fluid, but with different types of tissue, and an endometrioma, filled with blood, also require treatment. And these are not all the options for pathological formations that a woman of childbearing age may encounter.

The reasons for their occurrence

The causes of cystic formations of the right ovary are different. These include:

• inflammatory diseases;
• diseases classified as venereal;
• abortions;
• weight disorders;
• thyroid dysfunction;
• uncontrolled changes in hormonal levels.

That is, almost every woman can develop a cyst, and only after menopause does the likelihood of such a formation decrease somewhat.

Signs of a right ovarian cyst

According to gynecologists, a small cyst can form and exist in a woman’s body asymptomatically. In this case, the patient does not need the help of specialists. You should be concerned if you observe:

• nagging pain in the lower abdomen on the right;
• painful sensations in the right lower abdomen associated with sexual intercourse, urination, etc.;
• unexplained increase in body temperature;
• abdominal asymmetry;
• nausea;
• periodic appearance of bloody discharge.

All of the above phenomena can be a reason for an unplanned visit to the gynecologist.

Specifics of diagnosis and treatment

A specialist must decide whether an ovarian cyst can be cured without surgery or whether a woman needs surgical intervention. Moreover, it will be based on the results of a bimanual examination, ultrasound, various tests and the characteristics of the patient’s health condition.

As a rule, if a woman has a functional cyst, the doctor takes a wait-and-see approach. She may also be prescribed conservative treatment with vitamins, hormonal and other medications. However, if the size of the formation begins to increase during treatment or its nature changes, conservative treatment can be replaced by surgery.

The operation is also indicated for those women who are diagnosed with non-functional cysts. Moreover, such surgical interventions are carried out, most often, using laparoscopy technology. This is a gentle method of influence that allows you to minimize the negative impact on the female body.

Female diseases associated with the reproductive system are very dangerous. They can lead not only to infertility, but also to the development of cancer. One of these diseases is a cyst of the right ovary. If you do not pay attention to its appearance in time, the consequences can be serious. A cystic formation of the right ovary is a benign formation that appears in the female body on the right side. The cause of the neoplasm, as well as the internal accumulation of the cyst, depends on its origin.

Luteal cyst of the right ovary is a disease that occurs as a result of a large number of factors. Despite the fact that in modern medicine it is possible to diagnose a cyst of the right ovary, the causes of its occurrence still remain a mystery.

One of the most common causes of functional changes in the body is changes in hormonal levels. Besides, Fluid formation in the left and right ovaries may be associated with the following disorders:

• Constant stress and nervous shock.
• Malfunction of the ovaries.
• Inflammation of the ovaries and fallopian tubes.
• Disorders of the thyroid gland, as well as weight problems.
• Abortion.
• Menstrual irregularities.

All of these factors can cause the disease, and depending on the determination of the cause, the cyst on the ovary is treated.

Cyst symptoms

When diagnosed, doctors most often discover a cyst of the right ovary. The patient comes to the doctor not because something hurts, but in order to conduct a preventive examination. And as a result, a disease is discovered, the treatment of which must be carried out immediately so that it does not lead to serious consequences. As a rule, the size of the tumor can be no more than 3 centimeters. The main symptoms include:

• Pain that occurs periodically in the lower abdominal cavity.
• The menstrual cycle is disrupted; it can be expressed in delayed menstruation or the appearance of heavy bleeding.
• During sexual intercourse, pain appears in the lower abdomen.
• Elevated body temperature for a long time.
• There is blood in the discharge.
• Weakness and dizziness.

If you notice similar symptoms in your condition, you should consult a doctor for an examination in order to avoid serious problems in the future.

Types of cystic formations

If we talk about cystic formation in the right ovary, then we can distinguish two main types.

• Functional impairment. In women of reproductive age, luteal and follicular acid are produced, and if the functioning of internal organs is disrupted, neoplasms appear that need to be treated.
• Genetic pathologies- associated with genetic diseases of the mother during pregnancy.

In addition, neoplasms can be single or multiple, single-chamber and multi-chamber. A multi-chamber cyst can cause a particular health hazard, which causes a lot of discomfort if you self-medicate and do not seek help from a doctor.

Consequences of neoplasms

If you consult a doctor in time, you can avoid serious consequences. But with self-medication, complications may arise that are not so easy to get rid of. The main consequences of the disease include:

In order to prevent serious consequences, when the first signs appear, you must consult a doctor and carry out diagnostic measures. The following methods are widely used for diagnosis:

• Ultrasound of a cyst on the right.
• Ultrasound examination of the abdominal cavity.
• A puncture through which you can find out the degree of threat of hemorrhage in the abdominal cavity.
• In addition, the patient is asked to undergo basic tests - a general blood test. When receiving a hand test, you should pay attention to the indicators of leukocytes and red blood cells in the blood. You need to take a biochemical test.
• Testing for the presence of oncology.

After passing all of the above examinations, it will be possible to draw a conclusion about the need for surgical intervention or conservative treatment.

Treatment of cystic neoplasm

Treatment is prescribed depending on the causes of occurrence and type of formation. The corpus luteum forms on the ovary and can be voluminous. If it is small and does not pose any danger, then the doctor prescribes conservative treatment. If the cyst is small, it is monitored without any intervention from doctors. Let's consider several treatment options:

Much in the prescription of treatment depends on the age of the women. If a woman is of childbearing age, she is not prescribed ovarian resection. If we are talking about a woman who is not of childbearing age, then the ovary can be removed. After surgery, hormonal therapy is prescribed, which can last up to 3 months. It is necessary to create support for the body and prevent the occurrence of inflammatory processes in the future.

To prevent the disease from reaching a dangerous stage, it is necessary to visit a gynecologist at least twice a year. Timely detection of a cyst will prevent serious disorders in the body.

Attention, TODAY only!

Retention cysts are cavities filled with fluid or blood. Despite the fact that they are benign formations and do not metastasize, these cysts can rupture and cause complications.

Therefore, every woman needs to know about this pathology in order to begin prevention or treatment in time.

Retention cysts of one or both ovaries are common female pathologies, accounting for almost a fifth of all gynecological diseases.

Left

A retention cyst of the left ovary can develop after an abdominal injury, during the period of hormonal changes during puberty or the onset of menopause.

An increase in the level of androgens (male hormones) prevents the maturation and release of the egg, causing retention of the left ovary. Inflammation of the appendages on the left is rarely characterized by severe symptoms, and therefore is often detected only during examination.

Right

The retention cyst of the right ovary, like the left one, still has no precisely identified causes. The most likely theory is an imbalance of pituitary hormones.

Provoking factors for right ovarian cysts can be nervous tension, constant stress, obesity or, conversely, low weight, inflammatory processes, or previous sexually transmitted diseases.

Retention disease of the right ovary can develop with hypothyroidism, a disorder of the thyroid gland. If the doctor suspects that a woman has a right ovarian cyst, early pregnancy and the possibility of luteal formation must be ruled out.

With a sharp increase in the cyst of the right ovary, the signs intensify, and you can see the asymmetry of the lower abdomen.

Causes

Retention formation of the ovary is caused by various reasons:

• early puberty, hormonal imbalances;
• inflammation of the uterus - endometriosis, in which endometrial cells enter the ovary;
• disruption of the release of a mature egg from the follicle;
• abortions, after which the introduction of modified cells into the gonads can also be observed.

Types of retention cyst

Retention cysts can form on any internal organs - lips, lungs, salivary gland. Gynecologists find similar formations on the cervix, right or left ovary.

Read also: What is ovarian cystosis - effective treatment methods

Depending on the location, ovarian retention cysts are divided into:

• luteal - formed in place of the corpus luteum;
• paraovarian - formed from the ovarian appendages;
• follicular - develop at the site of an unruptured follicle.

Symptoms

There are no obvious clinical manifestations with small retention formations. Pathology is often detected accidentally - during a routine gynecological examination or diagnosis of other diseases of the pelvic organs.

Symptoms of a retention cyst as its size increases are characterized by:

• discomfort, pain in the ovarian area;
• menstrual irregularities (changes in timing, increased or scanty bloody discharge);
• unpleasant sensations during sexual intercourse;
• feeling of heaviness, bloating.

If the right ovary is affected, a woman may experience nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and sometimes constipation. In these cases, it is necessary to differentiate appendicitis. Acute conditions associated with rupture or torsion of the leg give symptoms of an “acute abdomen” - peritonitis.

Diagnostics

Traditional methods for diagnosing the disease:

• gynecological examination, clarification of the patient’s medical history and complaints;
• transvaginal ultrasound examination of the ovaries and other pelvic organs.

Retention formation of the ovary must be differentiated from pregnancy, malignant neoplasms or inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary organs. In case of a complicated course of the disease, MRI, CT, and puncture of the contents of the tumor are prescribed.

Treatment

To treat retention of the ovary, conservative and surgical techniques are used. At the initial stages of the development of pathology, in addition to traditional therapy, traditional medicine is prescribed: suppositories, decoctions, infusions, tampons.

Kalanchoe candle

• pinnate Kalanchoe - has the most pronounced medicinal properties;
• Kalanchoe Degremona - used in folk medicine;
• Kalanchoe Blossfeld - has medicinal properties, but is more valued as a decorative plant.

Candle recipe: pick a few Kalanchoe leaves, rinse well with warm water, squeeze out the juice and mix it with corn flour. For elasticity, you can add a few drops of sea buckthorn oil. Divide the resulting tight dough into candles and freeze in the refrigerator.

It is advisable to insert suppositories for the treatment of ovarian retention cysts into the vagina at night. In the morning, you can use a syringe with warm chamomile infusion. Treatment lasts up to 2-3 months. Instead of candles, you can use hygienic tampons soaked in Kalanchoe juice.

Read also: What are multifollicular ovaries - symptoms and treatment

Hirudotherapy

The leech treatment method is safe and effective. The saliva of these unique worms contains biologically active substances and stimulates blood circulation.

The only discomfort that women experience during this procedure is the puncture of the chitinous teeth of the leeches into the skin in the area of ​​the appendage.

The number of animals and the duration of procedures is determined by the hirudotherapist individually for each woman.

Hirudotherapy is contraindicated in cases of low blood clotting.

Burdock juice tampons

Treatment with burdock juice is possible only in the spring and summer. In August, the leaves of the plant wither, so they cannot be used for treatment. Fresh leaves should be thoroughly washed to remove dust, squeeze out the juice, moisten a cotton-gauze swab with it and insert it into the vagina overnight.

Caution: When using suppositories or tampons for the first time, you should not use a large amount of juice - in some patients, the components of the plant can cause discomfort in the form of itching, burning, and swelling.

In this case, you should stop treatment and syringe with clean water or chamomile decoction. In case of a severe allergic reaction, immediately consult a gynecologist.

Mud treatment

Mud therapy is one of the official methods of physiotherapy. But this method has many contraindications, so you cannot self-medicate.

Mud treatment should only take place in the physiotherapy department of a sanatorium or hospital.

Herbal infusions

Herbal medicine for retention formation is not a panacea, but an additional means of treatment. It is recommended to use tinctures and infusions, decoctions of the uterus, celandine, shield grass, marigold flowers, and nettle leaves. Fresh juices of Kalanchoe or nettle, viburnum are useful.

Treatment with herbal infusions should be carried out under the supervision of a gynecologist or herbalist. After a course of treatment with non-traditional methods, it is necessary to undergo a control ultrasound examination.

Complications

Some doctors believe that the most common complication is a retention cyst of the right ovary. It is formed earlier than in the left one and functions more actively.

The neoplasm of the left appendage can be complicated by the formation of a pedicle and its torsion, which leads to rupture of the capsule, blood loss, further necrosis of the compressed intestine, and peritonitis.

Fluid formation in the right ovary occurs more often than in the left.

Causes of fluid formations of the appendages

Most often, fluid in the ovary is found in women after 40 years of age, but can appear at any age. Most scientists believe that pathology occurs due to hormonal imbalance. Moreover, a cyst in the pelvis can form both as a result of natural changes in the body, and as a result of taking hormonal drugs.

Liquid formation of the left ovary can appear as a result of ovulation disorder, when a vesicle filled with liquid does not rupture, its contents do not enter the abdominal cavity, but remain in the follicle, resulting in the formation of a follicular ovarian cyst. This pathology usually goes away on its own. In most cases, women of childbearing age encounter it. A follicular cyst is benign in nature, increases in size due to stretching of the walls (due to the accumulation of internal contents) and is most often accidentally detected during an ultrasound.

Liquid formations in the appendages can appear against the background of a long-term inflammatory process caused by hypothermia. If a woman suffers from weak immunity, then the pathology, as a rule, occurs with complications. A cyst in the pelvis is often formed as a result of endometriosis.

A formation in the ovary in women may appear against the background of congestion in the pelvic area caused by improper functioning of the kidneys. Triggering factors for the development of pathology, if there is a tendency to it, are often: nervous shock, unbalanced diet, violation of work and rest schedule, etc.

Types of fluid foreign bodies in the ovaries

When they say that there are fluid formations in the appendages, we are talking about cysts, which may not manifest themselves for a long time. There are the following types:

1. Ovarian dermoid cyst often develops in the fetus during the mother's pregnancy. This foreign inclusion is filled with fluid and rudiments of the child’s skin, hair and other tissues. Sometimes it appears during life.
2. A follicular formation is formed against the background of a hormonal imbalance, in which ovulation does not occur completely, and the follicle is filled with fluid, gradually increasing in size.
3. Mucinous - filled with mucous contents. Its danger lies in the possibility of malignant degeneration. In most cases, such foreign inclusions are formed during menopause.
4. A paraovarian cyst is a thin-walled neoplasm that is inactive and most often does not manifest itself in any way, being small in size.
5. Luteal neoplasm occurs immediately after ovulation due to disruption of circulatory processes in the tissues of the appendage. Factors that provoke its development are a strict diet and significant physical activity.
6. An endometriotic fluid neoplasm is formed due to the introduction of endometrial cells into the tissue of the appendage, and sometimes leads to the development of infertility. Among other fluid formations of the ovaries, it is quite common.
7. Numerous ovarian cysts, which are caused by PCOS. Hormonal abnormalities lead to reproductive dysfunction and the appearance of these fluid-filled formations in the appendages.
8. Serous cystadenoma with watery, transparent contents of light yellow color. It rarely transforms into cancer and is quite common.

Signs of a liquid neoplasm

Remember! Only a doctor can tell you what this fluid formation is in the right or left ovary and how to treat it. However, every patient can undergo a timely ultrasound to detect an adnexal cyst. Unfortunately, small foreign inclusions in the pelvis do not manifest themselves in any way, so it is difficult to suspect them.

As the pathology develops, a woman usually develops the following symptoms:

• bleeding from the genital tract outside of menstruation;
• pain in the abdomen;
• vomiting and/or nausea;
• anovulation;
• feeling of bloating;
• pain during intimacy;
• cycle disorders;
• problems with bowel movements;
• increased urge to urinate;
• pain in the thigh or lower back segment.

These manifestations do not always indicate the presence of a fluid formation and quite often act as manifestations of other gynecological pathologies, for example, uterine fibroids.

Diagnosis of pathology

A fluid inclusion in the right or left ovary is often detected during an ultrasound. To identify the cause of the pathology, a blood test for hormones is performed. This allows you to prescribe effective drug therapy. Most often, patients suffering from appendage cysts have cycle disorders.

If the doctor believes that the formation can spontaneously resolve within a few months, then he recommends that the woman do a dynamic ultrasound to monitor the development of the pathology. However, if unpleasant symptoms or complications appear, if there is a risk of developing a malignant process, treatment is carried out.

To exclude the presence of cancer, the patient needs to donate blood for tumor markers C-125 and CA-19-9. It should be remembered that positive results of such tests do not always indicate ovarian cancer and may indicate malignant damage to other organs. Histology is considered the most reliable test for detecting adnexal cancer.

How to treat fluid formation in the left or right ovary

If we are talking about a functional cyst, then with a high degree of probability it can disappear on its own within several menstrual cycles. Then, when the formation does not regress, it is treated, the tactics of which are determined by the patient’s age and other factors.

As a rule, the period during which dynamic observation is carried out is 3 months. To speed up the process of disappearance of the cyst, the gynecologist may prescribe hormonal drugs, and in case of pain, painkillers. Foreign inclusions of large sizes, or those that have the potential to transform into a cancerous tumor, are removed surgically.

The fluid formation of the left ovary (or right) is excised laparoscopically or laparotomically. The operation is also indicated when a woman who wants to become pregnant has PCOS, and conservative treatment is ineffective. Urgent surgical intervention is performed for torsion of the pedicle of an ovarian cyst, as well as for other complications.

When there are fluid formations in the ovaries, this indicates the presence of cysts (for example, with PCOS). A single foreign inclusion may indicate the functional nature of the pathology. A comprehensive examination allows you to make an accurate diagnosis and prescribe the correct treatment to the patient.

Analysis of ovarian reserve

Causes and treatment of left ovarian enlargement

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Right-sided ovarian cyst: types, symptoms and treatment

A right ovarian cyst is a tumor-like formation that has a delimited capsule and a cavity filled with fluid or other contents. The cyst cavity is covered from the inside with epithelium. Ovarian cystic tumors account for about 25% of all neoplasms of female organs.

Classification of ovarian cystic formations

The most common types of cysts are:

• functional (luteal and follicular);
• epithelial (serous and pseudomucinous);
• endometrioid;
• dermoid.

The listed formations most often occur during puberty and in premenopausal women, when hormonal changes in the body occur. Dermoids can be detected at any age, even in newborn girls, as they are associated with a violation of embryonic histogenesis.

Causes of right ovarian cystoma

Many women wonder where they got a right ovarian cyst: the causes of this formation are not exactly known. The main role is played by hormonal disorders of the body.

Risk factors

Women who have the following risk factors are most susceptible to the disease:

1. irregular monthly cycle;
2. early and late menarche (beginning of menstruation);
3. the onset of menopause after 50 years;
4. chronic processes in the genital organs (salpingo-oophoritis, endometritis, chronic venereal infections);
5. infertility;
6. habitual miscarriage.

The risk of right or left ovarian cysts is also increased in women who did not breastfeed after childbirth.

Important: If you have any of these factors, you should see your gynecologist two or more times a year.

Symptoms of right-sided ovarian cyst

Most cystic ovarian tumors have no symptoms until they become too large. A woman may complain of pain in the lower abdomen or discomfort, more so on the right side. The pain sometimes spreads to the lower limb. In 20% of patients, symptoms of a right ovarian cyst manifest as reproductive dysfunction. Sometimes infertility is the main reason for going to the doctor.

Another sign of a cyst is irregular menstruation. There may be frequent delays and bleeding between periods. A woman is sometimes bothered by engorgement of the mammary glands, constipation, and frequent urination. Acute abdominal pain occurs with complications of the cyst such as torsion of the leg or perforation of the capsule.

Complications of a cyst in the right ovary

Many cystomas can lead to infertility, especially if they affect both ovaries. Another complication is malignancy. Ovarian cancer most often complicates serous cystadenoma of the papillary type. This type of tumor is distinguished by the presence on its inner wall of small outgrowths or papillae, which represent epithelial hyperplasia.

Acute complications of a cyst in the right ovary include torsion of the base and rupture of the wall with the release of contents and blood into the abdominal cavity. These conditions can lead to the development of inflammation of the peritoneum and the formation of interintestinal abscesses or adhesions.

Important: if you have any symptoms from the reproductive system, you should consult a gynecologist. The earlier a tumor is diagnosed, the easier it is to treat it without any consequences.

Irregular menstruation is one of the signs of an ovarian cyst.

Diagnosis of ovarian cystadenomas and cysts

The gynecologist can already assume the presence of a cyst during a bimanual examination. Upon palpation, a round, elastic, dense formation with a smooth surface is detected near the appendages. It may be slightly painful. To confirm the diagnosis, ultrasound and radiography are performed. Ultrasound can sometimes suggest the type of tumor. For example, a bilocular or multilocular right ovarian cyst may represent a pseudomucinous cyst. Serous cystadenoma usually has a single chamber.

If it is difficult to make a diagnosis, MRI or CT may be performed. If the symptoms of a complicated cystoma resemble appendicitis, then a puncture of the posterior vaginal fornix is ​​performed for differential diagnosis.

Treatment of right-sided ovarian cysts

With cysts of the right ovary, symptoms largely determine treatment. If there are manifestations of a complicated tumor, then the method of choice is open laparotomy. During the operation, the abdominal cavity and its organs are examined, and the contents of the cyst are removed. The formation is excised at the border of healthy tissue. If possible, they try to restore the ovary. When there are signs of malignancy (metastases, papillary growths on the wall), all appendages and nearby lymph nodes are removed. Sometimes the uterus also has to be removed.

If there are no acute manifestations, when choosing a treatment method, the following are taken into account:

• cyst size,
• its origin and form,
• age of the patient,
• accompanying illnesses.

For small formations (up to 6 cm) without signs of malignancy, hormonal therapy is often carried out. If the cystoma decreases or disappears over the course, then conservative treatment is continued for several more months. When the tumor does not respond to drug treatment and grows in size, surgery is performed. Preference is given to a low-traumatic method of intervention - laparoscopy.

For some cystic tumors, hormonal treatment may not be effective. For example, with dermoid. In the cavity of this cyst there are hair, bones, and fatty tissue that cannot disappear on their own. Therefore, for a dermoid cyst on the right ovary, treatment is always surgical.

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Why is fluid formation in the ovary dangerous?

After undergoing an ultrasound, some women discover that the ovary contains a fluid formation. In such cases, it is not always necessary to sound the alarm, because this kind of cyst often goes away on its own along with the next monthly cycle.

Such formations cause danger if:

• Pain after and during sexual intercourse;
• Nagging pain during physical activity;
• Nausea, etc.

In this case, we can talk about the development of the tumor and the need for its detailed examination. It should be said that a fluid formation in the left or right ovary is typical for women after forty years of age, but can be detected at any age.

Causes of neoplasms in the ovary

Such neoplasms are quite common, but it is still quite difficult to study the nature of their occurrence. However, we can definitely say that fluid formation in the ovary is a consequence of hormonal imbalance. The nature of this failure can be either pathogenic, caused by the body itself, or artificial, arising as a result of taking hormonal drugs.

Regardless of the cause of the pathology, it needs further examination and study, otherwise the following consequences may be observed:

Diagnosis and treatment of formations in the ovary

Basic examinations carried out when a fluid formation in the left ovary is suspected are limited to ultrasound and blood tests for hormonal levels. This approach allows you to obtain general data about the condition of the body and prescribe further therapy. For the most part, in women with this pathology, the menstrual cycle and ovulation are disrupted, first of all, the reproductive and then other human systems suffer.

If the body is prone to the occurrence of neoplasms, then stress, lifestyle, poor nutrition, non-compliance with work and rest schedules, etc. can push it to develop abnormalities. If you have a follicular cyst or fluid formation in the right ovary, you should immediately seek help from specialists.

When you are concerned about the manifestation of certain symptoms of the disease or it is discovered that the ovary contains a fluid formation after an ultrasound examination, then you need to make an appointment with a specialist.

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Right ovarian cyst: causes of formation, types, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Often a woman is unaware of the existence of a cyst on the ovary, and then during her next visit to the gynecologist she learns about the pathology. The cyst is not dangerous as long as it is small. But it is unknown when it will begin to increase, and then the complications can be very serious. More often a cyst is found on the right ovary. This is most likely due to the fact that it is better supplied with blood than the left one. That is why complications arise here more often. During treatment, everything is done so as not to deprive a young woman of the opportunity to become pregnant and give birth safely.

Types of Cysts

An ovarian cyst is a cavity formed due to stretching of the membrane in any part of it. There are several types of neoplasms that differ in origin and nature of the contents.

It has been noticed that cysts appear on the right ovary more often than on the left. It functions more actively, as it is better supplied with blood due to its close location to the abdominal artery. With the blood, hormones produced by the pituitary gland (FSH and LH) enter the ovaries, which directly regulate the processes occurring in them. In the right ovary, dominant follicles mature more often. It produces more active hormones.

Functional

There are two types of ovarian cysts: functional and non-functional.

Functional ones are directly related to the hormonal processes occurring in the ovaries and are formed in a certain phase of the cycle. These include:

1. Follicular cyst. It is formed in the membrane of the dominant follicle in the first phase of the cycle.
2. Luteal cyst. It occurs after ovulation in the corpus luteum, which forms in the ruptured follicle after the release of the egg.

The peculiarity is that functional cysts can disappear on their own after the hormonal levels return to normal. As a rule, such cysts form on the right ovary.

Non-functional

Non-functional. Such neoplasms do not disappear on their own; they develop without connection with the processes of the cycle. These include:

1. Endometrioid. It is formed on the surface of the ovary when particles of the uterine mucosa come into contact with it (the cause is endometriosis, which develops as a result of hormonal imbalance). Due to the uneven structure of the particles, cracks are formed in them, which are filled with menstrual blood. Clotted blood is dark brown in color. Therefore, such an ovarian cyst is also called a chocolate cyst.
2. Paraovarian. Formed from a rudimentary epididymis. The cyst is connected to the body of the ovary by a stalk and is located near the fallopian tube. This is a congenital pathology that occurs in the embryo at the time of formation of the reproductive organs. Tumor growth occurs after puberty.
3. Dermoid. It is formed during intrauterine development at the time of the formation of organs from the germ layers. Each of them contains cells of a certain type, from which various tissues of the body are created. Hair, particles of skin, bones, and dental tissue are found inside.

Nonfunctional cysts on the right ovary are found with approximately the same frequency as on the left. Functional and paraovarian neoplasms are classified as retentional (formed by stretching the membrane with secretory fluid).

Video: How functional ovarian cysts form

Reasons for education

The main reason for the formation of functional ovarian cysts is a violation of the ratio of pituitary hormones and, accordingly, a failure in the development of the dominant follicle.

A follicular cyst is formed when there is an excess of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). The dominant follicle does not rupture, secretory fluid accumulates in it, and eventually a bubble with a diameter of up to 10 cm is formed in its wall.

A corpus luteum cyst is formed if the level of luteinizing hormone in the blood, which stimulates its growth, is exceeded. The FSH/LH ratio can independently recover to normal within 2-3 cycles, in which case the functional cyst of the right ovary disappears. If this does not happen, then hormonal treatment is used to normalize the background.

The causes of such disorders are inflammatory and infectious diseases of the uterus and appendages, diseases of the thyroid gland and pituitary gland, improper metabolism, exhaustion of the body or obesity. Hormonal imbalance can be caused by stress and bad habits.

An endometrioid tumor occurs as a result of pathological growth of the endometrium due to excess estrogen in the body. The disorder is facilitated by taking hormonal drugs for the purpose of contraception or replacement therapy. Excessive growth of the endometrium is promoted by damage to the surface of the uterus during inflammatory processes, the formation of scars and adhesions after surgery (abortion, curettage).

Note: Endometrial particles can be carried through the blood into the abdominal cavity if, for example, a woman has sex during menstruation. The reason such particles get on the ovaries may be an increase in intra-abdominal pressure when lifting heavy objects.

Paraovarian neoplasms most often begin to grow against the background of inflammatory processes, after abdominal trauma, or surgery in the abdominal cavity (for example, removal of the appendix). The cause of tumor growth may be overheating of the lower part of the body (bathing in a hot bath), or impaired development of the genital organs.

Dermoid cysts are genetic in origin. Its growth begins in a woman of any age. Provoking factors are diseases of the genital organs, the effects of toxins on the body, including nicotine and drugs.

As a rule, a cyst of the right ovary is discovered during reproductive age, when hormonal disorders occur most often. At risk are women suffering from obesity, infertility, menstrual irregularities, bad habits and promiscuous sex.

Complications of cyst formation

The disease occurs in 2 forms: complicated and uncomplicated. Complications arise if the tumor reaches a size of 3 cm or more. The following conditions pose a danger:

1. Twisting of the leg, cessation of blood supply. Necrosis and blood poisoning are possible.
2. Capsule rupture. If it swells and bursts, the contents spill into the abdominal cavity, leading to peritonitis. Together with the capsule, the ovarian membrane may rupture, causing apoplexy.
3. Hemorrhage (internal bleeding). This process is most typical for the right ovary, since it has a direct connection with the abdominal aorta. There may be hemorrhage inside the ovary, as well as into the abdominal cavity. If the hemorrhagic cyst is large and the bleeding is severe, only urgent surgery can save the woman.
4. Malignization. In some cases, an endometrioid or dermoid cyst degenerates into a cancerous tumor.

As doctors warn, the main cause of complications is usually failure to consult a doctor in a timely manner. Feeling unwell, women often self-medicate with home remedies without knowing the diagnosis, wasting precious time. Often, on the advice of friends, they warm up the lower abdomen, which is strictly prohibited.

The consequences may be suppuration of the contents, peritonitis, sepsis, disruption of neighboring organs, bleeding, anemia, removal of the ovary and infertility.

Cysts during pregnancy and childbirth

With a significant increase in tumors, pregnancy becomes more difficult. They can provoke menstrual disorders and lack of ovulation. In addition, neoplasms can block the entrance to the fallopian tubes, making fertilization impossible.

If during pregnancy a small ovarian cyst is discovered on the right or left side (less than 3 cm in diameter), then constant monitoring of its development is carried out (a luteal cyst, for example, resolves within a week).

In case of rapid growth and danger of twisting, hemorrhage or other complications, the neoplasm is removed. If this is not done, then even in the absence of pathological processes, an enlarging cyst can put pressure on the uterus, complicating the growth and development of the fetus, impairing blood circulation. This provokes miscarriage or premature birth.

During childbirth, pushing can cause the cyst to rupture and release its contents into the abdominal cavity and birth canal. In this case, a situation arises that is dangerous for the woman’s life. Urgent abdominal surgery is required.

Video: Corpus luteum cyst during pregnancy

Symptoms

If the right ovarian cyst has a diameter of less than 2 cm, then the woman does not feel its presence. The growth of the tumor leads to a nagging pain in the groin area on the right side.

Cycle disturbances occur: increased or decreased menstrual bleeding, missed periods, inability to get pregnant. Spotting and spotting appears between menstruation due to leakage of cyst contents.

A large capsule puts pressure on neighboring organs. In this case, the woman experiences constipation, flatulence, and difficulty urinating. Pressure on the intestines leads to nausea and heartburn.

When an ovarian cyst located on the right side becomes inflamed, the same symptoms occur as with appendicitis (cutting pain in the lower abdomen, pain when palpating this area, nausea, vomiting). Therefore, in some cases, an inaccurate diagnosis may be made, and the picture of the disease becomes clearer during the operation.

Symptoms of complications include severe abdominal pain, fever, anemia, and uterine bleeding.

Diagnosis and treatment

Large cysts are detected already on palpation. Ultrasound (external and transvaginal) is used to determine their size, location and type. The presence or absence of pregnancy is also determined.

To find out about the accumulation of blood in the abdominal cavity, a puncture of the posterior vaginal wall is performed. The laparoscopy method is used. If necessary, you can immediately remove the cyst during the procedure.

They do blood tests for hormones, tumor markers, blood and urine tests for the presence of infectious agents.

Drug treatment is carried out when functional cysts larger than 5 cm are detected. For this, drugs containing estrogens and progesterone (Janine, Duphaston, Jess) are used, which normalize hormonal levels. If inflammatory processes are detected, antibiotics are prescribed.

Paraovarian, endometrioid and dermoid cysts are removed surgically, as they are not able to shrink or resolve under the influence of drugs. Most often, removal is performed laparoscopically. For young women, attempts are usually made to preserve the ovary and fertility.

Women over 45 years of age can undergo partial or complete removal of the ovary, since the risk of malignant degeneration is higher for them.

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A retention formation of the left ovary is a neoplasm similar to a benign tumor. Unlike malignant tumors, it does not form metastases and is more treatable. This disease belongs to cystic neoplasms, so it is sometimes called a retention cyst. Next, we will consider in more detail the features of the disease, its causes, symptoms, as well as methods of diagnosis and treatment.

The retention formation on the left ovary in appearance resembles a translucent bubble filled with liquid, sometimes with blood splashes. If an infection gets inside, pus may appear.

The size of the neoplasm can vary, ranging from a few mm in diameter to 15-20 cm. A left-sided retention cyst is diagnosed quite often, in every 6th woman. Women of reproductive age, from 14 to 45 years old, are at risk.

Left-sided is less common than retention formation of the right ovary. This is due to the fact that large arteries pass through the right ovary, and in general it is more susceptible to various diseases than the left.

This neoplasm extremely rarely has a risk of malignancy and is one of the most harmless and most easily treatable types of cysts.

Causes

The main reasons for the appearance of retention formation of the right/left ovary are considered:

1. Functional disorders of the endocrine system (pathologies of the thyroid gland with impaired hormone production - hyper- and hypothyroidism, autoimmune thyroiditis, etc.)
2. Hormonal imbalance, in which the ratio of “female” and “male” sex hormones is disrupted.
3. Early menstruation.
4. Cycle disorders.
5. Diseases affecting the formation of follicles and ovulation - follicular insufficiency, weak follicular apparatus, etc.
6. History of endometriosis of the uterus and/or ovaries.
7. Surgical interventions, including abortions.
8. Previous cases of retention cysts on the left ovary. There is always a risk of relapse.
9. Inflammatory processes in the pelvic organs of an infectious and non-infectious nature (salpingoophoritis, chronic cystitis).
10. The use of hormonal drugs without a doctor’s prescription, as well as in violation of the dosage (including oral contraceptives).
11. Early sexual life.
12. Leading an unhealthy lifestyle, which includes drinking alcohol, smoking, poor diet, and lack of physical activity.

Varieties

Retention formation of the left ovary is the general name for cysts, which are classified as follows:

1. Corpus luteum cyst. It is formed after ovulation, when an egg is released from the dominant follicle, and a corpus luteum forms in its place. This temporary endocrine organ produces the hormone progesterone, which is necessary during pregnancy for the attachment of a fertilized egg to the placenta of the uterus. If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum dies with the arrival of the next menstruation, and then the process is repeated again in a new cycle. If the production of progesterone is disrupted, if this hormone is in excess in the body, the corpus luteum does not die off, but may continue to grow, transforming into a cyst. In this case, surgical intervention is usually not required; it is enough to normalize the level of progesterone in the blood.
2. Endometrioid cyst. It forms on the left ovary if there is a history of a disease such as endometriosis - the growth of the uterine endometrium. Its cells extend beyond the uterus, “move” to the ovary, and as a result, a cyst can form on it.
3. A follicular cyst is formed from a dominant follicle, which, during the normal functioning of the reproductive system, should burst during ovulation and release the egg. But with hormonal imbalance this does not happen; the follicle continues to grow and eventually turns into a cyst.
4. The paraovarian cyst is localized inside the left appendage. Because of this, it is difficult to diagnose, especially in the early stages, when it has not reached a large size and practically does not manifest any symptoms. This type of cyst can reach enormous sizes, up to 20 cm in diameter and weighing up to 2 kg.

Symptoms

In the first stages of development of these left-sided cysts, symptoms may be either completely absent or appear very slightly. As the tumor grows and the disease progresses, the following symptoms may appear:

• nagging or aching pain that is localized in the lower left abdomen;
• pain during sexual intercourse, which radiates to the area of ​​the left appendage;
• menstrual irregularities;
• periods become heavy, their color and/or consistency changes;
• there may be general weakness characteristic of colds;
• visual enlargement of the abdomen in the absence of weight gain;
• mid-cycle discharge that is not associated with ovulation. May be mixed with blood;
• Due to pain, constant tension in the abdominal muscles is possible.

Despite the fact that the retention formation on the left ovary does not develop into a malignant tumor and may not cause any concern to its owner for a long time, it still needs to be treated in order to avoid rupture and other complications.

Diagnostics

A retention tumor on the left ovary can be discovered by accident, during a routine examination by a gynecologist, or when the above symptoms appear.

In the second case, in addition to studying the patient’s complaints, the doctor prescribes the following studies:

1. Ultrasound diagnostics, which is the main method for detecting left-sided cysts. It is clearly visible using the sensor.
2. Since ultrasound does not determine the nature and type of tumor, a blood test is prescribed to determine the level and ratio of the amount of hormones.
3. In some cases, a fine-needle biopsy () is performed to exclude cancer.
4. If an inflammatory process is suspected, smears are taken from the vagina, and a general blood test is also performed to determine the level of leukocytes.
5. To exclude cancer of the sigmoid colon, which is similar to a left-sided retention tumor, an x-ray of the indicated area is taken.
6. Sometimes they do.

Treatment

If a retention neoplasm of the ovary is diagnosed, but is small in size and asymptomatic, then the doctor may decide not to prescribe any treatment. The fact is that this type of cyst in some cases can begin to regress and eventually disappear completely without the use of medications.

In cases where the left-sided cyst is hormonal in nature, hormone therapy is used. This is especially true for follicular left-sided cysts and pathologies of the corpus luteum.

In the case of endometriosis, it is necessary to treat the underlying disease. Both conservative therapy and surgical intervention are used.

The absolute indications for surgical removal of retention formation are:

1. Large size if this causes compression of neighboring organs.
2. Rapid growth of the cyst.
3. If there is a risk of degeneration into a malignant tumor.
4. If severe pain is present.
5. In cases where a left-sided cyst has ruptured. Removal is necessary, as there is a high risk of internal bleeding, peritonitis, and sepsis.

The operation is now performed more often by laparoscopy. This is a modern atraumatic technique in which there is no need for an incision in the abdomen. Only 2-3 punctures are made, through one a sensor is inserted, transmitting the image to the monitor, and through the others, equipment is inserted to remove the cyst. If the neoplasm is localized only on the left, then 3 small sutures remain on this side, which heal very quickly and subsequently become almost invisible.

Retention formation of the left ovary is an unpleasant, but not very serious disease. In order for treatment to proceed faster, it is necessary to start it in the early stages, before the cyst reaches a large size. This requires regular examination by a gynecologist.