Deposits of the Yamal Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Course work: mineral resources of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Non-ferrous and rare metals

More than 32 fields have been discovered on the peninsular part of Yamal and neighboring waters. Currently, gas reserves of more than 10 trillion cubic meters have been explored in this territory.

The key deposits in this region include the following:

Nakhodkinskoye field

On the territory of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, near the Tazovskaya Bay, in 1974, an oil and gas exploration expedition of the Tazov team found the Nakhodkinskoye natural gas field, but only in 2003 did Lukoil OJSC launch the process of implementing its gas project for the development of mineral resources in the Bolshekhetskaya depression, and drilling work at the field began in 2004. The produced blue fuel is transported via a gas pipeline to the Yamburg compressor station and then resold to PJSC Gazprom. The nominal productivity of the Nakhodkinskoye field is about 10 billion cubic meters every year.

Yuzhno-Russkoye field

The Yuzhno-Russkoye field is an oil and gas field located in the Krasnoselkupsky district on the Yamal Peninsula, discovered in 1969 with the help of the geological exploration expedition of the Urengoy team. The level of mineral reserves mined at the deposit allows the deposit to be classified as large. Operated by OJSC Severneftegazprom since 2007. Currently, Severneftegaz-prom is developing the field with the goal of making its raw materials the base product of the Nord Stream, a pipeline between Russia and Germany.

Yety-Purovskoye field

The Yety-Purovskoye field is located in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug region, near the city of Noyabrsk. Currently, it has high potential, since the deposits here are estimated at 20 million tons of oil, which is a very impressive value for the West Siberian oil and gas province. It was found in 1982, but due to the lack of sufficient technical equipment for such geological conditions, development of the field began only in 2003. A feature of the Yety-Purovskoye field is not only high-quality oil, but also a generous reserve of associated condensate. Currently, the development process at the field is carried out by Gazprom-Noyabrskneftegaz JSC. There are 11 wells and a gas compressor station on the territory.

Zapolyarnoye field

The Zapolyarnoye field has the highest production rate in the gas industry among the fields in the Russian Federation. It is located in the Tazovsky district of the Yamal Peninsula. Discovered in 1965, the Zapolyarnoye field began to be exploited at the end of 2001. From the start of drilling work at the field and its active development in 1994 to the present day, licensed geological research at Zapolyarnoye has been carried out by Gazprom Dobycha Yamburg. The production uses high technologies that meet all modern standards, which allows us to minimize the harm that production has on the local environment. The balance reserves of the field are estimated at 3,500 billion cubic meters, and the annual design capacity is about 130 billion cubic meters.

Medvezhye field

The Medvezhye field is the first-born among the gas fields of the Far North, located in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The first geological exploration work was carried out here in 1967 by the Nadym expedition near the village. Labytnangi. Drilling work continued 3 years later in the area of ​​the village. Nadym. And 2 years later, in 1972, blue fuel began to enter the gas supply system. Currently, the work is carried out by Gazprom Dobycha Nadym LLC. At the moment, due to the difficult economic situation in the country, there is a tendency for gas production to fall at the Medvezhye field. The field supplies gas mainly to Moscow, and the percentage of total production of blue fuel is only 4% of the country's total.

Urengoyskoye field

The Urengoy field is located on the fossil fuel-rich Yamal Peninsula, near the gas capital of Russia - the city of New Urengoy. Belongs to the category of supergiant deposits. It was discovered by geological exploration in 1966, and went into operation in 1978. From the bowels of the Urengoy field, gas is extracted and exported to European countries by the limited liability company Gazprom Dobycha Urengoy. Currently, the field has a balance reserve of 16,000 billion cubic meters of blue fuel. An impressive number of wells are in operation, namely 1300.

Yamburgskoye field

The Yamburgskoye field is located in the cold Yamal region, where a fifth of Russia's blue fuel reserves are concentrated, in the Tazovsky region. It was found in 1969, but due to the lack of sufficient technical equipment for such harsh climatic conditions, development of the field began only in 1986. A special feature of the Yamburg field is dry, high-quality methane gas. Currently, the development process at the field site is carried out by Gazprom Dobycha Yamburg LLC. There are 10 gas treatment plants and 4 gas treatment plants in the territory. The company's future vision is a gas project to extract raw materials from nearby areas.

Bovanenkovskoye field

The village of Bovanenkovo, which is located in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, in the 71st century became the base for the discovery and development of the Bovanenkovo ​​field. Relatively recently, in 2012, due to the economic situation in the country, thanks to the limited liability company Gazprom Dobycha Nadym, a gas project was launched to extract natural gas from the bowels of the Bovanenkovskoye field. In terms of mineral reserves, the Bovanenkovskoye deposit belongs to the giant category. A project to study and develop the field is currently being implemented; blue fuel has not yet been produced.

Pyakyakhinskoye field

In 2009, the limited liability company LUKOIL-Western Siberia in Yamal embarked on the path to preparing the Pyakyakhinskoye field, which is very promising. Only 69.5 million tons of oil was the initially extracted reserve at the start of 2014, and gas production amounted to 234.2 billion cubic meters. A total of 219 oil fields are planned to be drilled in this area. In total, they intend to put into operation 420 wells; in addition to oil, these include 105 injection wells and 96 gas wells.

Novoportovskoye field

The Novoportovskoye field is located on the Yamal Peninsula. This field was discovered in 1964. Over 250 million tons of oil and 320 billion cubic meters of gas constitute the recovered reserves. The length of the oil pipeline, through which oil is delivered to the shore from the field, is more than 100 kilometers. In 2015 The construction of the second branch has begun; it will supply more than 5 million tons of oil per year. For the first time, oil was shipped from the field in the winter of 2015 by sea.

East Messoyakha field

East Messoyakha is geographically located in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Tazovsky District. The deposit became accessible in 1990. The deposit was named after the river of the same name, which flows through the deposit area. About 480 million tons of oil and gas condensate are produced on an area of ​​one hundred thousand hectares. The first oil was produced in the fall of 2012. In 2014, the construction of an oil pipeline was started; its length will be more than 100 kilometers and will allow shipping 7 million tons of oil per year.

Zapadno-Messoyakha field

The West Messoyakha field is located on the Gydan Peninsula of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The operator of the project is the public joint stock company Gazprom Neft. The reserve of recoverable oil is about 180 million tons and almost 60 billion cubic meters of gas. There is no oil and gas pipeline. In difficult conditions, incl. and weather, mining is carried out. The media claim that by 2020 Zapadno-Messoyakha will reach peak production.

Russkoye field

Not far from the city of Nakhodka there is the Russkoye deposit (Tyumen region). 410 million tons of oil is the predicted volume of reserves. It was developed in 1968 and is considered one of the largest deposits in the Russian Federation. The area of ​​the Russkoye deposit covers 525 square kilometers and was discovered by Glavtyumengeologiya.

Leningradskoye field

The Leningradskoye field in the Kara Sea was developed in 1992. It is located on the territory of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (Tyumen Region), and has huge gas deposits at a depth of about 1700 meters. The field was discovered by Arktikmorneftegazrazvedka. The total area is 550 square kilometers. According to preliminary estimates, the field's reserves amounted to just over one trillion cubic meters of natural gas and three million tons of condensate. The Leningradskoye field is considered unique in its characteristics. PJSC Gazprom is the operator of the project.

Rusanovskoye field

The Rusanovskoye field, like the Leningradskoye field, is located on the shelf of the Kara Sea in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. It was discovered by the Arktikmorneftegazrazvedka company in 1992. Initial reserves are estimated at almost 3 trillion cubic meters of natural gas. Total reserves are about 779 billion cubic meters of gas and more than 7 million tons of condensate. Project operator PJSC Gazprom. Currently, 7 gas condensate deposits have been discovered, and 2 wells have been drilled.

You can get more information about the development of fields in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug at the forum and exhibition and “Yamal Neftegaz” and the congress and exhibition “

Introduction

1 Minerals of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

2General characteristics of deposits

Conclusion

The region's water resources are rich and diverse. They include: the coast of the Kara Sea, numerous bays and lips, rivers, lakes, swamps and groundwater. The Gulf of Ob, a bay of the Kara Sea, is one of the largest sea bays in the Russian Arctic, its area is 44,000 km². There are about 300 thousand lakes and 48 thousand rivers in the district, the largest of which are the Ob at its mouth, as well as the Nadym, Taz (river) and Pur rivers. The Ob River, one of the longest in Russia, flows within the district in two powerful branches. The presence of lakes, most of which are of glacial origin, is one of the characteristic features of the landscape of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Groundwater is characterized by a huge artesian basin with an area of ​​3 million km², including thermal water reserves.

The region occupies one of the leading places in Russia in terms of hydrocarbon reserves, especially natural gas and oil. The following deposits are located on the territory of the district:

1. Urengoy gas field

2. Yuzhno-Russkoye oil and gas field

3. Nakhodkinskoye gas field

4. Yamburg oil and gas condensate field

5. Yety-Purovskoye oil field

The state balance takes into account 136 fields (62 oil, 6 oil and gas, 9 gas and oil, 59 oil and gas condensate), the explored recoverable reserves of which amount to 14.49% of all oil reserves in Russia. 37 fields are being developed, annual production was 8.5%. Of the 136 fields in the district, one is unique - Russian, with oil reserves - 16.15% of the district and 30 large ones, which contain 67.25% of the reserves and 69.1% of the district's oil production. Cumulative oil production in the district is 375.2 million tons.

About 600 thousand heads of domestic reindeer are grazed on 50 million hectares of tundra. Nature has hidden here 70 percent of the world's whitefish stocks (muksun, pink salmon, nelma).

2 General characteristics of deposits

The Yamburg oil and gas condensate field (YANGCF) is a field of gas, gas condensate and oil. Opened in 1969. It is located in the Arctic part of the West Siberian Plain, on the Tazovsky Peninsula in the subarctic zone. The landscape is a slightly hilly tundra plain with a dense network of rivers, streams, lakes, and swamps. The thickness of the permafrost reaches 400 meters. The coldest month is January with an average temperature of minus 25 degrees Celsius. Often the temperature drops to 55 and below. A minus temperature of 63 degrees was recorded (January 2006). Industrial gas content has been established in Cenomanian and Neocomian deposits. The dimensions of the YANGCF are 170 by 50 kilometers. According to VNIizarubezhgeology, the Yamburg field ranks third in the world in terms of initial recoverable gas reserves.

According to the administrative-territorial division, the northern territory of the field is located in Tazovsky, and the southern - in the Nadymsky district of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Development of the field began in 1980 (see Yamburg). The development license belongs to Gazprom Dobycha Yamburg LLC, a 100% subsidiary of Gazprom OJSC.

Geologists prepared the discovery of the Yamburgskoye and other deposits at the very “peak” of the Great Patriotic War. In 1943, the first groups of them pitched tents in the area of ​​the Taz, Pur, and Messo rivers.

In 1959, oil and gas exploration work in the Tazovsky region resumed. In 1961, geological prospectors landed on the site of the current village of Gaz-Sale and began drilling well No. 1. The excavation was led by the team of master N.I. Ryndin. On September 27, 1962, the gas “hit”. A year later, the Taz oil exploration expedition was formed with a base in Novaya Mangazeya. V. T. Podshibyakin was appointed head of the expedition, and G. P. Bystrov was appointed chief geologist. On November 30, 1963, gas was produced at the second well. The drilling was carried out by the team of master N.I. Ryndin. This is how the Tazovskoye field was discovered. On October 18, 1965, the expedition discovered the Zapolyarnoye oil and gas condensate field. The years 60-70 were marked for the expedition by a whole series of major discoveries, the largest of which were Urengoy and Yamburg.

In the 1965-1966 season, the Upper Cretaceous deposits of the Yamburg area were prepared for exploration drilling.

In 1968, a landing party of geophysicists under the leadership of Leonid Kabaev, a future Lenin Prize laureate, landed on this site. Next came the miners of the Taz oil exploration expedition. The reserves were supposed to be huge.

In his memoirs, geologist F.K. Salmanov tells how the Yamburg deposit was found: “At the end of April 1969, it was decided to deliver the drilling rig from Tazovskaya to the Yamburg area. The delivery of equipment and materials continued throughout May. In July, Anatoly Grebenkin’s team completed the installation and immediately the team of drilling master V.V. Romanov began counting the first meters of the Yamburg well. On August 13, we reached the design depth and during testing the well produced a powerful gas fountain. Inspired by success, Romanov set out to delineate it along the wings of the deposit to the east. And several more wells fell into the circuit.”

In 1972, the team of drilling master V.V. Polupanov completed drilling a deep well in the Yamburg area. The test was entrusted to a specially formed team, headed by master Alexey Myltsev.

In the 19th century, the expedition of the scientist Yu. M. Kushelevsky arrived on these lands to establish the boundaries of the medieval settlement - “gold-boiling” Mangazeya, which existed on the Taz River in the 17th century. The expedition arrived in the Far North of the empire on a schooner called “Taz”. The leader of the campaign was from Yamburg. This was the former name of the city of Kingisepp, located near St. Petersburg.

During the voyage, the scientist compiled a map of the Tazovsky Peninsula. It is assumed that the name of Cape Humbor, (“cloudberry hummocks”) reminded him of the name of his hometown. Thus, one of the triangular areas of land penetrating into the Tazovskaya Bay received the name Yamburg. In Soviet times, the Yamburg trading post appeared on the cape.

At the site of the current rotation camp Yamburg, the researcher left a white spot. "Terra incognita" is an unknown land. It is assumed that the Yamburg area, and later the Yamburg field, was named in honor of the trading post.

There is another toponymic version, according to which the territory on which the deposit is located was originally called Yampur - Gray Swamp. Then it was renamed Yamburg.

During the period of operation of the Yamburg oil and gas condensate field, the Gazprom Dobycha Yamburg enterprise - a 100% subsidiary of OJSC Gazprom - produced more than 3 trillion cubic meters of gas and about 18 million tons of gas condensate. Gas is prepared for transportation at 9 integrated gas treatment units (CGTUs) (1-7, 9 and 1B) and 5 preliminary gas treatment units (GPGs) (PPG GP-1 (former UPPG-8), 4A, 10, 2B , 3B).

The short-term prospect of the field is the development of its peripheral areas. Production at the Aneryakhinskaya area began in 2004; in January 2005, the Aneryakhinskaya area was brought to its design capacity (10 billion cubic meters per year).

STATE AND USE OF THE MINERAL RESOURCE BASE OF YNAO

General information

The Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is part of the Ural Federal District (UFD) of the Russian Federation (RF)

Territory: 750 thousand sq. km

Population: 507 thousand people. , administrative center - Salekhard (34.4 thousand people)

Layout of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug Head of Administration

Neyolov

Yuri Vasilievich

Head of the Administration of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

Tel: (8-345-, 4-00-66,

Yamalo-Nenetsky a. O.,

Chairman of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug Duma -

; E-mail gdyanao@salekhard

Head of the territorial department for subsoil use in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug –

Condition and use of the mineral resource base

Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug located in the northern part of the West Siberian young platform; The extreme west of the district is occupied by folded structures of the Polar Urals.

The subsoil of the district is rich in hydrocarbon deposits; in the Urals there are deposits of metallic minerals (chromites, iron, polymetals, etc.).

The main deposits that form the mineral resource base of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

Field name

Associated minerals

Object Rank

Mastery

Urengoyskoe

condensate

Worked out

Zapolyarnoe

Worked out

Bovanenkovskoe

Intelligence service

Kharasaveyskoe

Intelligence service

South Tambeyskoye

Conservation

Yamburgskoe

Worked out

Conservation

Novoportovskoe

Gas, condensate

Worked out

Komsomolskoe

Worked out

Severo-Komsomolskoe

Worked out

Central

Worked out

Note. MK - large deposit

Main mining enterprises and their provision with balance reserves

Company

Mineral resource

Reserves in terms of mineral resources

Average annual production volume

Production 2004

Availability of reserves

Sibneft-Noyabrskneftegaz

Oil Gas

Rosneft-Purneftegaz

Oil Gas

Niobium, tantalum, rare earth metals. The bulk of resources and reserves of rare metals are concentrated in the Taikeu ore cluster. There are three previously explored deposits and several promising ore occurrences. The Taikeuskoye field is the largest in scale. The total ore potential for niobium is 63.5 thousand tons, for tantalum 8 thousand tons, for rare earths 65.1 thousand tons.

Noble metals

Gold. The territory of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is promising for identifying deposits of primary and complex gold ores. The reserves of the Novogodnee-Monto complex deposit amount to 7.2 tons of gold and 5 million tons of magnetite ore. Inferred resources are estimated at 95 tons (P1 – 25 tons and P2 – 70 tons). The approved forecast resources are P3 – 5 tons, P2 – 2 tons, P1 – 1 t.

Non-metallic fossils

Mining chemical raw materials and mineral fertilizers. Phosphorites and barites in the Polar Urals are of industrial interest. The reserves of the Sofronovskoye deposit amount to 12.6 million tons, including 615 thousand tons in category C1. In general, the resource potential is estimated at 400 million tons for three phosphate-bearing zones. The P2O5 content reaches 42%. The discovery of 6-10 fields similar to Sofronovsky is expected. Barites are part of the ores of the Saurey and Nizhnetalotinsky barite-polymetallic deposits, and also form a number of barite objects proper, of which, at the current stage of exploration, the group of adjacent deposits of the Sob barite structure - Voishorskoye, Sobskoye, Pour-Keu - is of greatest interest. The most promising of them is the Voishorskoye field, with reserves of 72 thousand tons in category C1 and 108 thousand tons in category C2.

Opal-cristobalite rocks (opoka, diatomite, diatomaceous clay) are widely developed on the left bank of the Ob River, as well as on the interfluve of Nadym and Pura. Their resources are practically unlimited.

Gemstone raw materials. The Polar Urals has unique deposits of semi-precious raw materials. The Pusierka jadeite deposit, with predicted resources of tons, is the largest in the country. Among other types of colored stones, jewelry and ornamental stones (rhodonites, jaspers, agates) and ornamental ones (gondites, listvenites, “enzorites”) are developed.

The geological preconditions for the development of the mining complex in the Polar Urals are favorable. To solve this problem, it is necessary to pay special attention to the development of the raw material base of strategic scarce minerals (chrome, manganese, gold, phosphorites) to speed up preparation for licensing.

Hydrocarbon raw materials. For almost twenty years, the district has been the main gas producing region of Russia, providing more than 90% of Russian gas production. The district's territory, which makes up 0.5% of the Earth's land area, contains more than a third of proven natural gas reserves; every fourth cubic meter of gas produced in the world is produced in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District. Explored and preliminary estimated (total) gas reserves amount to 37.1 trillion. cube m, promising gas resources C3 – 12.4 trillion. cube m, forecast D1+D2 – 72.9 trillion. cube m. The largest deposits with reserves of more than 1 trillion. cube m are Urengoyskoye, Zapolyarnoye, Bovanenkovskoye, Kharasaveyskoye, South Tambeyskoye, Yamburgskoye.

In terms of oil reserves, the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug ranks second in the Russian Federation; condensate reserves account for 59% of the total Russian total. In terms of promising oil resources (C3), the district ranks first in the Russian Federation (44.3%).

In total, there are 228 hydrocarbon deposits in the district, including 73 oil, 29 gas, 14 oil and gas, 71 oil and gas condensate, 34 gas condensate. The distributed subsoil fund includes 208 licensed areas.

Distribution of initial total resources by oil and gas complexes (OGC) in%: oil – Aptian-Albian-Cenomanian – 12.8, Neocomian – 32.9, Achimov – 12.8, Upper Jurassic (Vasyugan) – 10.3, Middle Jurassic – 21, Lower Jurassic – 10.2; gas - Turonian-Senonian - 0.2, Aptian-Albian-Cenomanian - 40.1, Neocomian - 29.3, Achimovsky - 6.1, Upper Jurassic (Vasyugan) - 0.5, Middle Jurassic - 13.4, Lower Jurassic - 8 .9, pre-Jurassic – 1.3; condensate - Aptian-Albian-Cenomanian - 9.0, Neocomian - 36.1, Achimovsky - 19.1, Upper Jurassic (Vasyugan) - 0.8, Middle Jurassic - 22.3, Lower Jurassic - 12.4, Pre-Jurassic - 0.2 .

The main gas production is carried out from Aptian-Albian-Cenomanian deposits (more than 90%), of which about 5% are produced from Neocomian deposits. The contribution of other oil and gas companies to gas production is insignificant. Condensate is extracted mainly from Neocomian deposits. Oil production is carried out from Neocomian, Achimov, Upper and Middle Jurassic deposits. In 6 deposits have been discovered. Four of them are gas - Yuzhno-Noyabrskoye, Kutymskoye, Severo-Khancheyskoye, Zapadno-Pestsovoye, one each is oil - Vorchenskoye and gas condensate - Yuzhno-Karasevskoye.

Solid minerals. The mineral resource base of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is also unique due to the variety of minerals in the eastern part of the Polar Urals, which is promising for industrial development. The development of resources is just beginning here. This territory can be considered today as a reserve raw material base for supplying raw materials to the industry of Russia and the Ural industrial region.

Metal fossils. Black metals. Iron. The Yunyaginskoye field with reserves of thousands is listed on the State Balance Sheet. tons. Resources in category P1 are 220, P2 – 1730, P3 – 3070 million tons. The Sibileiskoye, Obskoye, Rudnogorskoye and Yuzhnoe ore fields are of greatest interest for exploration. Deposits and occurrences are characterized by easy-to-process ores with an iron content of 22-64%. Copper and gold are present in some manifestations.

Chromium. The state balance takes into account two medium-sized chromite deposits: Central and Western with reserves of C1+C2 categories of 4.5 and 1.6 million tons, and small deposit No. 000 with reserves of 146 thousand tons. Chromium ore resources amount to 278.1 million. t Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug takes first place (55% of all-Russian results). Chromium ores (average Cr2O3 content - 34.7%) are high-chromium, easy to enrich, and belong to valuable metallurgical grades. Since 2003 Industrial development of the Central deposit is underway. The resource base of the Polar Urals for chromites in the near future will make it possible to fully provide the country's ferroalloy industry with domestic raw materials.

Manganese. Resources of category P3 manganese ores for manganese zones are: Nyarma-Lyadgeiskaya - 10, Nunderminskaya - 5, Orangsko-Talotinskaya - 50 and Sobsko-Palnikskaya - 25 million tons, in addition, P2 resources of the latter are 20 million tons. Total resources of category P1 +P2 amount to 110 million tons. Case studies in recent years allow us to predict the discovery of industrial deposits of manganese ores with an average MnO content of 25-27%.

Non-ferrous and rare metals.

Molybdenum. 7 deposits have been preliminarily assessed. The most promising include Kharbeiskoe (Reserves C1+C2 - 2 thousand tons, resources P1+P2+P3 - 15 thousand tons) and Lekyntalbeiskoe, respectively 4.2 and 13.8 thousand tons.

Copper, lead, zinc. The most promising for identifying industrial copper ore sites is the Shchuchinsky pyrite region. According to preliminary estimates, its resources amount to 20-27.5 million tons of copper and 15 million tons of zinc ore. The total lead resources of the Saurey-Paipudyn metallogenic zone are 1637 thousand tons; in the Talotinsky ore cluster they are estimated at 663 thousand tons, zinc 2244, copper 200 thousand tons. The Saurey lead deposit has reserves of categories C1 - 2898 thousand tons, C2 - 2578 thousand tons.

Aluminum. For four ore districts - Karsky, Laborovsky, Sibileisky and East Voykarsky, bauxite resources are tentatively estimated at 977 million tons. The Laborovsky ore district is the most studied with preliminary estimated reserves in category C2 - 840 thousand tons and P1 resources - 7 million tons .

The main enterprises providing geological study and

reproduction of SMEs in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

Name

enterprises

Supervisor

Phone, Fax, E-m

Main activity profile

Sibneft-Noyabrskneftegaz

Rosneft-Purneftegaz

Prospects for expanding the mineral resource base"

The geological preconditions for the development of the mining complex in the Polar Urals are favorable. To solve this problem, it is necessary to pay special attention to the development of the raw material base of strategic scarce minerals (chrome, manganese, gold, molybdenum, phosphorites) to speed up preparation for licensing.

Prospects for expanding the resource base of hydrocarbon raw materials are associated with the Gydan oil and gas region, the eastern regions of the Pur-Taz oil and gas region and the western regions of the district (Frolovskaya oil and gas region), where geological and geophysical knowledge is significantly lower than in the central regions, and the geological prerequisites for the discovery of hydrocarbon deposits are quite high.

The main problems in reproduction and

use of SMEs and ways to solve them

The main problems of reproduction of SMEs in terms of hydrocarbon raw materials are the following:

A drop in production at the developing gas fields - Yamburgskoye, Urengoyskoye and Medvezhye, which provide more than 65% of production in Russia;

Low rates of development of explored deposits, delays in the development of production capacities at large explored deposits (Bovanenkovskoye, Kharasaveyskoye, etc.) due to the lack of necessary investments and long payback periods;

Failure of subsoil users to fulfill the terms established by licensing agreements for the development of fields, reluctance of subsoil users to carry out the necessary volumes of geological exploration work for additional exploration of fields put into development, which, as a rule, have a more complex geological structure;

The progressive depletion of the active part of the SME hydrocarbons, due to a significant lag in the growth of proven reserves from the volume of their production due to a significant reduction in funding;

Depletion of the exploration reserves of previous years;

Violation of the balanced relationship between the level of production, the provision of reserves of certain categories and forecast resources;

A significant predominance of the share of explored reserves over the share of estimated reserves and predicted resources, the volumes of which have decreased to an unacceptable level.

Authors: G. S. Samoilova (Nature: physical-geographical sketch), N. F. Chistyakova (Nature: geological structure and minerals), M. D. Goryachko (Population), N. V. Fedorova (Historical sketch: archeology ), M. D. Goryachko (Economy), A. N. Prokinova (Health), P. S. Pavlinov (Architecture and fine arts: architecture)Authors: G. S. Samoilova (Nature: physical-geographical sketch), N. F. Chistyakova (Nature: geological structure and minerals), M. D. Goryachko (Population); >>

YAMALO-NENETS AUTONOMOUS OPERATIONCIRCLE, subject of Russia Federation. Located in the north-west of the Asian part of Russia; partly beyond the Arctic Circle. Geographically included in Tyumen region. In the north it is washed by the waters of the Kara Cape, and the district includes the islands of Bely, Oleniy, Shokalsky, etc. It is part of the Ural Federal District. Pl. 769.3 thousand km 2. Us. 534.1 thousand people (2016; 62.3 thousand people in 1959; 486.2 thousand people in 1989). Adm. center - Salekhard. Adm.-terr. division: 7 districts, 6 mountains. districts; 8 cities, 4 mountain villages. type.

Government departments

System of government bodies The power of the Autonomous Okrug is determined by the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the Charter (Basic Law) of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (1998). State power in the Autonomous Okrug is exercised by: Legislative Assembly of the Autonomous Okrug - legislative (representative) body of the state. authorities; governor - the highest official of the autonomous region; government is the highest executive body of the state. authorities of the Autonomous Okrug; others will be fulfilled. state bodies authorities formed in accordance with the law of the autonomous region. The Legislative Assembly consists of 22 deputies elected on the basis of universal, equal and direct suffrage by secret ballot by citizens of the Russian Federation with active voting rights: 11 deputies are elected in a single electoral district in proportion to the number of votes cast for lists of candidates for deputies nominated by electoral associations; 11 – for single-mandate electoral districts formed on the territory of the autonomous district, based on the majoritarian electoral system of a relative majority. The term of office of deputies is 5 years. The governor is the highest official of the autonomous region and heads the government. The governor is elected by deputies of the Legislative Assembly for a term of 5 years (with the right to one re-election). He organizes the work of the government and presides over its meetings; approves the structure will execute. state bodies authorities of the Autonomous Okrug; exercises other powers.

Nature

The coastline of the Kara Cape is heavily indented. So... Part of the territory of the district consists of the Yamal, Tazovsky and Gydansky peninsulas, separated by the Ob Bay and the Tazovskaya Bay.

Relief

The district is located within West Siberian Plain and partly on Polar Urals. High lowlands predominate. up to 100 m in combination with areas of gently rolling terrain (up to 200 m high). The largest lowlands are Nizhneobskaya, Nadymskaya, Purskaya, Tazovskaya, Messoyakha; uplands - Poluyskaya, Nenets, Pur-Tazovskaya, Srednetazovskaya, Nizhneeniseiskaya (spurs). The lowlands are swampy, there are many frozen landforms (thermokarst basins, heaving mounds, etc.). South the border is formed Sibirskie Uvaly. To the west of the river valley. The Ob River stretches along the Muzhinskie Uvals (up to 290 m high), passing into the foothills and mid-mountains of the Polar Urals (up to 1472 m high, Mount Payer is the highest point of the district).

Geological structure and minerals

The flat part of Ya.-N. A. O. located within West Siberian Platform(plate) and is confined to the intensely dissected Yamalo-Tazov megasyneclise in the most depressed part of the Internal tectonic region. The megasyneclise includes deep depressions - the Nadym-Taz, Ust-Yenisei, Yamalo-Gydan and Pursky trenches. On the folded Karelian-Baikal basement, reworked by intense rifting in the Riphean - Paleozoic and early Mesozoic, Paleozoic carbonate deposits lie at the base of the terrigenous sedimentary cover of Meso-Cenozoic age. In the most submerged zone in the north-east. parts of the plate, the total thickness of the weakly dislocated cover exceeds 10 km. A gas-oil subbasin formed in the sedimentary cover of the Yamalo-Taz megasyneclise (part West Siberian oil and gas province) with a rhythmic structure: large transgressive and regressive cycles are clearly distinguished in it. Basic productive intervals of the cover are associated with deposits of the Cenomanian - Turonian of the Upper Cretaceous (mainly gas-bearing), Aptian - Albian (oil- and gas-bearing) and Neocomian (condensate- and oil-bearing) of the Lower Cretaceous, Upper and Middle Jurassic (condensate- and oil-bearing).

Mountainous part of Ya.-N. A. O. represented by a folded structure eastern. slope of the Polar Urals (northern end of the Hercynian Ural fold system), in the structure of which dislocated sedimentary, volcanogenic-sedimentary and volcanogenic rocks of various types take part. degrees of metamorphism of Proterozoic and Paleozoic age and unmetamorphosed rocks of Mesozoic-Cenozoic age.

Y.-N. A. O. ranks 1st in the Russian Federation in terms of reserves of natural combustible gas; 2nd place – in oil reserves. From the beginning of geological exploring the territory of the district is open to St. 200 hydrocarbon deposits. Among the fields with gas reserves there are 18 unique ones, in their depths up to 80% of proven reserves are concentrated: Urengoyskoye field , Bovanenkovskoye oil and gas condensate field , Yamburgskoye field , Zapolyarnoe deposit denition etc. 70 fields with oil reserves have been discovered; 3 of them have unique reserves (Urengoyskoye, Russkoye and Vostochno-Messoyakhskoye). The Yamburgskoye, Pestsovoye, Bovanenkovskoye, Kharasaveyskoye and Zapolyarnoye fields contain large reserves of condensate. The Polar Urals is rich in a variety of minerals: deposits of ores of manganese, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, cobalt, antimony, and rare metals (niobium, tantalum) have been identified; phosphorites, barite, bauxite, etc. The Sosva-Salekhard brown coal basin is located on the territory of the district; in the Shchuchinskaya and Baydaratskaya zones, the layers of brown coal reach a thickness of 37 m. The subsoil of the district contains huge reserves of fresh mineralization. (iodine-bromine, etc.) and ind. waters with temperatures up to 200 °C; There are deposits of natural builds. materials (diorites, gabbros, clays, limestones, diatomites).

Climate

The district is located in the arctic, subarctic. and temperate zones. North parts of the Yamal, Gydansky peninsulas and the Kara Sea islands are located in the Arctic. belt Winter is long (more than 8 months), severe, the duration of persistent frosts is 220 days. Wed. January – February temperature –27 °C and below (absolute minimum –55 °C, Gyda). The height of the snow cover is 20–25 cm, the duration of occurrence is 240 days or more. Strong winds (up to 20–30 m/s) and snowstorms (more than 100 days) are typical. Fogs are common in the west of Yamal and on the islands. Summer is short (approx. 50 days) and cold. Wed. July temperature 3.4–4.5 °C (max. 31 °C). Cloudy weather with drizzling rain prevails. Precipitation is less than 200 mm per year. To the center. and south In areas of the peninsulas (up to the Arctic Circle), the climate is subarctic. Winter is severe, the duration of stable frosts is 200–210 days. Wed. January temperatures from –22 (–24) °C in the west to –26 (–27) °C in the east (absolute minimum –57 °C, Tazovsky). The height of the snow cover is 35–50 cm, the duration of occurrence is 210–220 days. Summer is cool (65–68 days). Wed. July temperature 8–13 °C (absolute maximum 28 °C, Marre-Sale). Precipitation is 250–280 mm per year (mainly in the 2nd half of summer). Vegetarian period up to 44 days. To the south parts of the district have a continental climate, the degree of continentality increases to the east. Winter is cold, the duration of stable frosts is 180–190 days. Wed. January temperatures range from –23 °C in the west to –26 °C in the east (absolute minimum –61 °C, Tarko-Sale). The height of the snow cover is from 60–70 cm in the mountains to 80 cm in the east (the Taz River basin), the duration of occurrence is 200 days. There is avalanche danger in the mountains. Wed. July temperature 14–16 °C (absolute maximum 34 °C, Tolka). Precipitation is up to 500 mm per year (mostly in August). Vegetarian period 110–115 days. All in. Continuous permafrost is common in areas (thickness 300–400 m), in the south it is intermittent; under river beds there are thawed soils.

Inland waters

All 50 thousand rivers of the district belong to the Kara Sea basin. Ch. rivers - Ob (with tributaries Kunovat, Poluy, Synya, Voykar, Sob), Nadym, Pur, Taz. The rivers are fed by snow and partly by rain. The long winter low-water period gives way to high floods. Freeze-up lasts 7–8 months. In spring, congestion in the lower reaches is typical. All rivers have wide floodplains, meandering channels, channels and branches. Small rivers freeze to the bottom. There are 300 thousand lakes in the district (thermokarst, floodplain, peat, coastal-lagoon, glacial, etc.), the largest of them are Shuryshkarsky Sor, Neito, Yarato. So... the areas are occupied by swamps.

Soils, flora and fauna

2/3 of the district's area is occupied by tundra. In the far north of the Yamal and Gydan peninsulas and on the islands, the arctic is widespread. tundra with arcto-tundra soils. Polygonal lichen, small-grass tundra with single flowering plants (poppy, saxifrage, etc.) are combined with fragmentary miners. lowland (polygonal-hypnotic) swamps and bare soil spots. On sea terraces in depressions, grass-sedge coastal meadows (tampas) are formed on marsh soils. To the center. In parts of the peninsulas, shrub-moss-lichen (typical) tundras are common on tundra-gley soils in combination with sedge-cotton grass lowland bogs on peat-gley and bog-permafrost soils. South tundra – shrubland (birberry and willow) on tundra illuvial-humus soils with an abundance of swamps (humocks, ridge-hollows) on peat-bog soils. All types of tundra are used for reindeer pastures.

In a narrow strip of the forest-tundra zone, open spaces with Siberian larch (in some places with an admixture of spruce) are combined with moss-shrub tundra and swamps. Northern subzone The taiga is represented by sparse larch forests with an admixture of spruce, cedar, and pine on illuvial-humus podzols. In the southeast, where there is a significant proportion of dark coniferous forests, podzolized gleyzems have formed. Coarse peat bogs are developed. In the Ural part, spruce forests are replaced in the low mountains by spruce-larch open forests and crooked forests, above which birch-moss-lichen tundras are common on the slopes of the middle mountains, turning into rocky tundras and char with migratory snowfields.

The fauna is diverse, there are 300 species of vertebrates, 200 species of birds, 40 species of fish. Lemmings, arctic foxes, reindeer, tundra partridges, polar owls, etc. are found in the tundra. Beluga whales and killer whales swim into the Gulf of Ob. Polar bears and walruses are common on the islands. All in. The taiga is inhabited by sable, squirrel, hazel grouse, capercaillie, bear, wolf, fox, elk, marten, etc. Rivers and lakes are rich in fish, accounting for 70% of the world's whitefish stock (muksun, pyzhyan, etc.); there is a significant proportion of sturgeon and salmon, a lot of pike, burbot, ide, perch, etc.

Condition and protection of the environment

Ecological The situation was sharply worsened by the development of oil and gas fields and emissions of pollutants by fuel and energy enterprises. complex (especially in Purovsky, Nadymsky, Tazovsky, Krasnoselkupsky and Yamalsky districts). The total volume of emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere is 716.2 thousand tons, including from stationary sources - 632.2 thousand tons, from road transport - 84.0 thousand tons (2015). Over the past 5 years, emissions have decreased by 23%. Water intake from natural water sources is 236 million m3, discharge of polluted wastewater into surface water bodies is 23 million m3 (2015). 60% of surface and 13.2% of underground water supply sources are not hygienic. standards In rivers near large cities (Urengoy, Salekhard, etc.), the maximum permissible concentrations of pollutants are exceeded tens of times; areas - hundreds of times. Great damage has been caused to reindeer pastures, especially on the Yamal Peninsula, their degradation is observed due to overgrazing, and the number of deer has decreased (up to 600 thousand heads). To preserve and increase fish stocks on the river. A large number of juvenile muksun and peled were released.

Protected natural areas occupy 10.9% of the district’s area, among them – Verkhnetazovsky Reserve , Gydansky Reserve, 7 regional reserves, 3 federal reserves, 1 natural park, 1 natural monument.

Population

B. h. population of Ya.-N. A. O. are Russians (61.7%) and Ukrainians (9.7%). The Nenets (5.9%), Khanty (1.9%), Komi (1%), Selkup (0.4%), as well as Tatars, Bashkirs, Azerbaijanis, etc. live.

Demographic the situation is better compared to the average for the Russian Federation due to a younger age structure and a relatively low mortality rate, as well as economics. factors (dynamically developing gas producing region). In 1990–93 due to migrants. outflow, the population decreased by approximately 25 thousand people, then began to increase again (by more than 75 thousand people in 1993–2015); in 2015 there was a slight decrease (approx. 5 thousand people). Natural increase 11.3 per 1000 inhabitants. (2015; 5th place in the Russian Federation): birth rate 16.6 per 1000 inhabitants. (10th place), mortality 5.3 per 1000 inhabitants. (3rd place); infant mortality rate is 7.3 per 1000 live births. Migrats. The mobility of the population is high, there are intense inflows and outflows (Ya.-N. autonomous region is an attractive region for labor migrants, but the natural and climatic conditions for permanent residence are extremely unfavorable). Migrants have been observed since 2012. population decline (223 per 10 thousand inhabitants, 2015). The share of women is 49.9%. In the age structure, the share of the population under working age (up to 16 years) is 23.8% (in the Russian Federation 18.0%), over working age is 10.0% (in the Russian Federation 24.6%). Wed. life expectancy is 71.7 years (men - 66.9, women - 76.4). Wed. population density is extremely low - 0.7 people/km 2 ; The distribution of the population is mainly focal character. So... some of the settlements in the Nadym-Purovsky, Novourengoysky and Noyabrsky districts are confined to oil and gas industry enterprises; in zap. parts of the district play an important role in trade and transport distribution. Salekhard plays the knot. Share of mountains us. 83.7% (2016), the largest cities (thousand people): Novy Urengoy (111.2) and Noyabrsk (106.6), where about half of the district’s citizens live.

Religion

On the territory of Ya.-N. A. O. registered: 27 Orthodox organizations belonging to the Salekhard diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church (formed in 2011 by separation from the Tobolsk-Tyumen diocese); 17 Muslim organizations, including the Regional Spiritual Administration of Muslims of Ya.-N. A. O.; 19 Protestant organizations various. denominations [Baptists (8), Pentecostals (5), Evangelical Christians (4), Evangelical Christians (2)].

Historical sketch

MVK im. I. S. Shemanovsky (1, 2), Shuryshkarsky museum complex (3) Archaeological finds on the territory of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug: 1 - ceramic vessel from the settlement of Gorny Samotnel I. Chalcolithic; 2 - horned figurine of an owl from the Ust-Poluy sanctuary. 1...

To the most ancient archaeological monuments of the region (possibly about 20 thousand years ago) include stone tools of the Upper Paleolithic. images found on the banks of the river. Voykar. The Mesolithic is represented by five monuments in the taiga zone, their multicomponent nature is noted; for one of the trapping pits there are radiocarbon calibrated dates ranging from 7500–6350 BC. e. Due to permafrost, at a number of monuments of this and later times, products and remains of structures made of organic materials have been preserved. materials. The Neolithic is known in the east of the region; complexes of trapping pits, stone mines, settlements of fishermen and hunters, united in the Etta cultural type, were studied.

The Chalcolithic of the Lower Ob region (3rd millennium BC) is represented by three economic and cultural types: settlements of sedentary fishermen on the Ob (Mountain Samotnel I, etc.); seasonal camps on small rivers (Yasun culture), camps for southern hunters. tundra (Yorkuta type of monuments). The Bronze Age has been studied mainly. in the east of the region - in the upper reaches of the river. Pyakupur and the river basin Pelvis, where the application to the local base is fixed Ymyyakhtakh culture. At the Early Bronze Age settlement of Vary-Khadyta II (south of the Yamal Peninsula), several were discovered. fragments of copper-bronze items, ceramics with zoomorphic moldings, etc.

Early Iron Age complexes are concentrated in the northern zones. taiga and forest-tundra; they, like later ones, are close to the taiga cultures and types of monuments widespread to the south (see Historical sketch in Art. Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug); stands out Ust-Polui culture. From the 1st century BC e. Reindeer husbandry became an important factor in development, ensuring increased mobility of the population and the possibility of communications with the south and west; with the introduction of sled reindeer husbandry (not earlier than the Middle Ages), the Yamal and Gydan peninsulas were developed. The early medieval complex of Zeleny Yar (Priuralsky district) with a bronze foundry and burial grounds (including mummified human remains) stands out for its wealth and preservation of finds. Middle-century complexes are considered within the framework of the Ob-Irtysh cultural and historical. community, basic whose monuments are located to the south.

The interaction of different Ugric and Samoyed groups led to the formation of Samoyeds (Nenets) and Ostyaks (Khanty). Nadymsky (see in the article Nadym), Voykarsky, Poluysky and other “towns” are connected with the centers of the Ugric “principalities” Obdorsk land late Middle Ages and modern times.

The active penetration of Russians into the Obdorsk land began in the last quarter. 15th century During the campaign the Russian troops 1499–1500 the Obdorsky fort was founded (soon abandoned). The Obdorsk princedom retained its independence virtually until the end. 16th century, although the name “Obdorsky and Kondinsky” was included in the title of Vel. princes of Moscow in 1514 or 1516. In 1595, in response to the siege of the city of Berezov by the Ostyaks and Samoyeds, a military campaign was undertaken. Russian expedition troops under command. book P.I. Gorchakov and the head of A.V. Khrushchov, which led to the subordination of the Obdorsky princedom. On the site of its capital in the same year (according to another version, in 1596) Russian was founded. Poluisky fortress Nosovy gorodok (Nosovy Obdor; later Obdorsky fort, Obdorsk, from the 19th century the village of Obdorskoye). Around the same time, the Obdorsk volost arose as part of the Berezovsky district. Despite this, until the 1st quarter. 19th century rus. the authorities did not seriously interfere with the internal affairs. the structure of the Ostyaks and Samoyeds, the princely Ostyak dynasty was also preserved, whose representative Taisha converted to Orthodoxy in 1714 with the name Alexey (his descendants were called the princes Taishin). The Ostyaks and Samoyeds of Yamal regularly took up arms. speeches against Russian authorities (1600, 1607, 1644, 1649, 1662–63, 1678). In 1601 on the banks of the river. Taz was founded by the city of Mangazeya, which became the center of a vast district, which included the eastern. and southeast modern lands Y.-N. A. O. In 1672 the center of Mangazeya u. was moved to the city of Novaya Mangazeya (later Turukhansk; now the village of Staroturukhansk in the Krasnoyarsk Territory).

The territory of modern Y.-N. A. O. was part of the Siberian (1708–82) and Tobolsk (1782–1804) provinces, then most of it was part of the Tobolsk (1804–1920) and Tyumen (1920–23) provinces, and the eastern. (Gydan Peninsula, etc.) and southeast. The districts were part of the Tomsk (1804–22) and Yenisei (1822–1925; eastern regions until 1923) provinces. In 1717 and 1726, Metropolitan Philofey (Leshchinsky) of Tobolsk and Siberia made missions to the Obdorsk volost and baptized part of the local population. An important role in the development of the region was played by the implementation of the plan prepared by M. M. Speransky Charter on the management of foreigners 1822. In 1825, the Obdorsk Fair was founded, which reached its peak by the end. 19th century In 1825–29 and 1832–1841, Nenets performances took place under the leadership of Vauli Piettomina (Vavle Nenyanga). In 1832–33 and 1854 – beginning. 1920s The Obdorsk spiritual mission operated (established in 1828). In 1865–1918, the Obdorsk Ostyak and Obdorsk Samoyed foreigners acted to manage the local population. council. In the 19th century There was a massive migration of Komi-Zyryans to the lands of the Ob basin from the Urals. Founded in 1923 part of the region became part of Ural region, and southeast. districts - in Siberian region(1925–30), West Siberian Territory (1930–34) and Krasnoyarsk Territory (1934–44).

By decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of December 10, 1930, the Yamal (Nenets) national was formed. district with center in the village. Obdorskoe (Obdorsk; since 1933 a working village of Salekhard, since 1938 a city). Initially it was divided into 4 districts. Was part of the Ural region. (1930–34), Ob-Irtysh region. (1934), Omsk region. (1934–44), from 1944 Tyumen region. Since 1934, documents have used the name Yamalo-Nenets National. district, which was officially consolidated in 1940. By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR dated August 10, 1944 in the Yamalo-Nenets National. The district was transferred to 4 village councils of the Turukhansky district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. In the 1940s–50s. Salekhard was a support base for the distribution of prisoners under the jurisdiction of the Ob Directorate of Forced Labor Camps, Chapters 501 and 503. railway camp departments construction workers involved in the construction of the Transpolar Railway (Chum – Salekhard – Igarka; 501st construction). Railway traffic is open. lines Chum - Labytnangi (1955, permanent since 1958), Old Nadym - Pangody and Pangody - Yagelnaya (Novy Urengoy) (both 1970s), Surgut - Novy Urengoy (1985), Novy Urengoy - Yamburg (1989, working) . From the beginning 1960s The district is developing as the largest gas production region in the USSR (since 1991 in the Russian Federation), approx. 10 large deposits, including Tazovskoye (1962), Urengoyskoye (the largest in the world; 1966), Medvezhye (1967), etc., on the territory of Ya.-N. A. O. The largest gas pipelines begin, including Urengoy - Pomary - Uzhgorod (1983) and Yamal - Europe (2006). The development of the gas industry has fundamentally changed the face of Ya.-N. A. o., Nadym (1972), Labytnangi (1975), Novy Urengoy (1980), Noyabrsk (1982), Muravlenko (1990), Gubkinsky (1996), Tarko-Sale (2004) received the status of cities. According to the Constitution of the USSR 1977 (confirmed by the Constitution of the RSFSR 1978 and the Law of the RSFSR of November 20, 1980 “On Autonomous Okrugs”) the Yamalo-Nenets national. The district was renamed the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District.

10/18/1990 People's Council deputies Y.-N. A. O. The 21st convocation adopted the Declaration of State. sovereignty of the Yamalo-Nenets Republic as part of the RSFSR, but this transformation was not consolidated in Russia. legislation According to the Federal Treaty (1992) and the Constitution of the Russian Federation (1993), it became independent. a subject within the Russian Federation, territorially remaining part of the Tyumen region. On April 10, 1997, an agreement was concluded on the delimitation of the spheres of authority of the Tyumen region. with the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug and Ya.-N. A. O. Since 2000, part of the Ural Federal District.

Farm

Y.-N. A. O. is part of the West Siberian Economic. The district is a resource region of the Russian Federation. The share of the region in Russia GDP 2.7%. Industrial volume production is approximately 1000 times higher than the volume of agricultural production. products (2015). The district accounts for approx. 80% growth volume of natural gas production, approx. 75% gas condensate, St. 4% oil, approx. 1.5% of production is being built. non-metallic materials.

GRP structure by economic types. activities (%, 2014): mining 50.2, construction 14.8, wholesale and retail trade, misc. household services 10.5, transport and communications 8.7, real estate transactions, rental and services 6.4, production and distribution of electricity, gas and water 2.1, state. management and support of the military. security, compulsory social security 2.1, other types of activities 5.2. The ratio of enterprises by type of ownership (by number of organizations,%, 2015): private 79.7, municipal 8.6, public. and religious organizations (associations) 5.0, state. 3.9, other forms of ownership 2.8.

Economically active us. 316.0 thousand people, of whom approx. are employed in the economy. 95%. Structure of employment of the population by economic type. activities (%, 2015): construction 19.8, mining 19.1, transport and communications 13.6, real estate transactions 7.8, education 6.9, wholesale and retail trade, misc. household services 6.1, production and distribution of electricity, gas and water 5.8, healthcare and social services 4.5, manufacturing 3.8, etc. utilities, social and personal services 2.5, etc. types of activities 10.1. Unemployment rate 3.6%. Cash income per capita. 66.9 thousand rubles. per month (219.4% of the Russian average, 2nd place; 2015); 7.5% of us. has income below the subsistence level.

Industry

Industrial volume products 1696.4 billion rubles. (2015); of which 79.7% is accounted for by mining, 17.4% by manufacturing, 2.9% by production and distribution of electricity, gas and water. Industry structure of manufacturing industries (%): production of petroleum products, chemicals. industry 94.4, mechanical engineering 4.6, other industries 1.0.

Electricity production 7.1 billion kWh (2015). Large power plants: Urengoyskaya State District Power Plant (Novy Urengoy; installed capacity over 500 MW), Noyabrskaya combined cycle power plant (over 122 MW). There is no unified energy supply system; in a number of municipalities (including Salekhard) there are isolation systems. electric power systems; in small settlements - diesel power plants.

Y.-N. A. O. ranks first in the Russian Federation in the production of natural gas (507.7 billion m 3, 2015) and gas condensate (24.1 million tons); oil is also produced (20.7 million tons). St. 200 hydrocarbon deposits, of which approx. 1/3 is in the industrial area. development. Basic developed fields: Zapolyarnoye, Urengoyskoye (both gas condensate and oil), Bovanenkovskoye, Yamburgskoye, Yuzhno-Russkoye, Beregovoe, Yurkharovskoye (all oil and gas condensate), Yety-Purovskoye, Nakhodkinskoye (both oil and gas), Medvezhye (gas). Getting ready for the prom. development (mid 2017) of the South Tambey gas condensate and Kharasaveyskoye (Kharasoveyskoye) oil and gas condensate fields. Leading companies: subsidiaries of Gazprom (approx. 75% of gas production in the district, as well as approximately 50% of gas condensate), NOVATEK (approx. 40% of gas condensate), Rosneft, etc.

Processing of hydrocarbon raw materials (the main products are raw materials for the petrochemical and chemical industries, including a wide fraction of light hydrocarbons) is carried out at gas processing plants of the SiburTyumenGaz company: Gubkinsky (Gubkinsky), Vyngapurovsky and Muravlenkovsky (both in the Purovsky district), the Purovsky gas condensate processing plant of the NOVATEK company (Tarko-Sale). The Novy Urengoy plant of the Gazprom company operates to prepare gas condensate for transportation. A plant for the production of liquefied natural gas is under construction (mid 2017) (based on the South Tambeyskoye field; Yamal - LNG project), Novy Urengoy Gas Chemical Plant. complex.

Chromium ores are mined in small volumes (the Central deposit, developed by the Chelyabinsk Electrometallurgical Plant), in the village. mountains like Kharp of the Priuralsky district - it will enrich. factory. Basic specialization in mechanical engineering. enterprises - servicing the oil and gas complex. Valid approx. 100 mineral mining enterprises. construction raw materials (including divisions of the Gazprom company). In the food-flavoring industry, production of fish (Yamal Product company in Salekhard) and meat (Yamal Oleni enterprise, Yar-Sale village; semi-finished venison products) is distinguished.

Basic prom. centers: Novy Urengoy, Noyabrsk, Gubkinsky.

Foreign trade turnover is $1,389.0 million (2015), including exports of $669.0 million. Over 98% of the value of exports is fuel and energy products. complex. Imports are dominated by mechanical engineering products (over 95%).

Agriculture

The cost of agriculture products 1.6 billion rubles. (2015), livestock production accounts for St. 90%. S.-kh. the lands make up only 0.3% of the territory of Ya.-N. A. O. Potatoes and vegetables are grown (Table 1). Basic The specialization of livestock farming is reindeer husbandry (over 600 thousand heads - about half of the growing number of reindeer; 2015); cattle, pigs, sheep and goats are also bred in small quantities (Tables 2, 3). Cellular fur farming. Fur trade. Fishing (the main commercial species are nelma, muksun, broad whitefish, peled, etc.). Almost the entire land area (over 99%) is agricultural land. organizations. OK. 90% milk, st. 45% of livestock and poultry for slaughter, approx. 40% vegetables, approx. 30% of potatoes are produced in agriculture. organizations; OK. 70% potatoes, approx. 60% vegetables, St. 50% of livestock and poultry for slaughter, approx. 10% of milk is in household farms (2015). There are slaughter complexes for processing venison (in the settlements of Seyakha, Antipayuta, Nyda, as well as in the Yamal and Priuralsky regions), approx. 20 fishing enterprises (including “Gydaagro”, “Tazagrorybprom”, Novoportovsky and Salemalsky fish factories, “Aksarkovsky fishing enterprise”), as well as “Verkhne-Purovsky State Farm” (Purovsky district; sable breeding; reindeer husbandry; fur production -fur products, including souvenirs), “Sovkhoz Baydaratsky” (Priuralsky district; breeding arctic foxes, foxes; reindeer husbandry; production of dairy products, etc.), the company “Nyda-resource” (Nadym; processing of meat, wild berries and mushrooms). Construction of greenhouse complexes is underway in Salekhard and Gubkinsky (mid 2017).

Table 1. Main types of crop production, thousand tons

Table 2. Livestock, thousand heads

Table 3. Main types of livestock products

Services sector

In addition to trade, real estate transactions, government. management and support of the military. security, financial and other services, the development of tourism (cultural, educational, ethnographic, event, extreme, sports, environmental) is important. Y.-N. A. O. has a high tourist and recreational population. potential: a number of indigenous minorities live here. peoples of the North who have preserved traditions. types of farms. activities (the main formation in the Yamal and Priuralsky regions, near Salekhard - the natural-ethnographic complex “Yamal patrimony of Prince Taishin”), national holidays (including Reindeer Herder Day); developed tourism routes (including “In the footsteps of mammoths” in the Yamal region; rafting along the mountain rivers of the Polar Urals, climbing the mountain peaks of the Kharpsko-Raiz zone in the Priuralsky region), on the territory of the district there are a number of specially protected natural areas, including those of federal significance.

Transport

The length of public railways is 481 km (2015). Railway sections pass through the territory of the district. lines Chum - Labytnangi, Tyumen - Novy Urengoy (both carry passenger traffic), lines Novy Urengoy - Yamburg, Novy Urengoy - Nadym-Pristan, Obskaya - Bovanenkovo ​​- Karskaya (all are focused on cargo transportation). The length of paved roads is approx. 2.2 thousand km (2015); length of winter roads approx. 1.4 thousand km. Road transport is used by Ch. arr. for freight and passenger transportation over short distances. River navigation (navigation approx. 9 weeks per year) mainly along the rivers Ob, Nadym, Pur and Taz; basic river ports: Salekhard, Nadym, Urengoy, there are a number of marinas. Basic mor. ports (navigation 3–4 months a year): Yamburg, Tambey, Cape Kamenny, Novy Port. Pestilence is in effect. Arctic Gate loading terminal (oil export from the Novoportovoye field). As part of the Yamal LNG project, the construction of the infrastructure of the Sabetta port is being completed (mid 2017). Air transport is the main type of communication within the district. Airports in Nadym, Novy Urengoy, Noyabrsk, Salekhard, village. Sabetta (since 2015; international), as well as in regional centers. A number of pipelines pass through the territory of the district, including the Bovanenkovo ​​– Ukhta – Torzhok gas pipeline; oil pipeline Zapolyarye – Purpe; product pipeline Purovsky gas condensate processing plant - Tobolsk-Neftekhim.

Healthcare

In Ya.-N. A. O. per 10 thousand inhabitants accounts for: doctors 41.9, persons avg. honey. personnel 119.4; hospital beds 84.4 (2014). General morbidity per 1 thousand inhabitants. is 2096.8 cases (2014). Diseases of the respiratory, digestive and genitourinary systems predominate. The incidence of tuberculosis was 50.2 cases per 100 thousand inhabitants. (2014). Basic causes of death: diseases of the circulatory system, neoplasms, accidents, injuries, poisoning.

Education. Scientific and cultural institutions

Educational institutions are managed by the Department of Education. Basic regulatory document – ​​Law on Education (2013, edition 2016). The education system includes preschool education, primary, secondary, vocational and technical. and higher education. Operating (2016, Yamalstat data): 194 preschool institutions (over 46 thousand pupils), 130 general education institutions. educational institutions (approx. 69.7 thousand students). A feature of the education system of Ya.-N. A. O. is the presence of a large number of boarding schools in rural areas [in 2016 – 24 (over 9 thousand students)]. There are 8 professional and technical organizations. education (over 5 thousand students), 12 branches of universities (about 2.6 thousand students). Ch. scientific institutions, universities, libraries and museums are located in Nadym, Novy Urengoy, Noyabrsk, Salekhard.

Mass media

Leading periodicals publications: newspapers (Salekhard) “Red North” (published since 1931, in Russian; 2 times a week, circulation 8.5 thousand copies), “Nyaryana Ngerm” (since 1931, independent since 1991). publication, in Nenets, weekly, 1.5 thousand copies). Broadcasting of television and radio programs is carried out by the State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company "Yamal", the regional state. television and radio broadcasting company "Yamal-Region" (1998). Information agency – Sever-press.

Architecture and fine arts

The most ancient monuments of art in Ya.-N. A. O. – ornamented ceramics (from the Neolithic), ceramics were found at the Early Bronze Age settlement of Vary-Khadyta II. vessels with zoomorphic moldings. On a number of archaeological sites. monuments in permafrost conditions, products and structures made from organic materials have been preserved. materials. During excavations of a settlement at the confluence of the river. Poluy in Ob (territory of Salekhard) Ust-Polui culture s a unique collection of wooden, birch bark, bone, antler, bronze and other products was obtained, decorated with rich ornaments, including sculptural, carved, engraved images of people, animals, birds (late 1st millennium BC . – beginning of the 1st millennium AD; stored in Kunstkamera, Yamalo-Nenets District Museum and Exhibition Complex), the remains of trees were studied. buildings The collection from excavations of the early medieval complex of Zeleny Yar includes the remains of fur clothing (from hats to shoes), a leather belt with rich metallic. headset, anthropo- and zoomorphic plastic arts, decorations, including imported ones with niello, grain, gilding, imported metal. and local ceramics. dishes, including those with ornaments, etc. The art and architecture of the local population of the developed Middle Ages and the New Age are presented mainly. finds in the “towns”, including Poluysky, Voykarsky, Nadymsky (see in the article Nadym). Round and rectangular earthen dwellings were built with tented trees. roofs, with pillars around the center. hearth (sites near Salekhard and at Cape Tiutey-Sale on the Yamal Peninsula, beginning of the 2nd millennium).

From the end 16th century Russian construction was underway. forts (Obdorsky, 1595 or 1596, now Salekhard; Mangazeya, 1607; all not preserved) with log trees. houses and fortifications, rebuilt in the 17th century. (Obdorsky fort also in 1730–31). From the end 16th century trees were erected. churches (Trinity Cathedral in Mangazeya, 17th century, not preserved). From the 18th century Brick buildings were also built. One of the oldest surviving structures is the c. Apostles Peter and Paul in Russian-Byzantine style in Salekhard (1886–94, German architect G. Zinke).

Since the 1930s The city of Salekhard (general plan 1950) and the villages of Yar-Sale, Muzhi, Nyda, Krasnoselkup, Tazovsky, Tarko-Sale (since 2004 - a city), Urengoy were improved. Since the 1970s new cities with multi-storey buildings were built: Nadym (1972), Labytnangi (1975), Novy Urengoy (1980), Noyabrsk (1982), Muravlenko (1990), Gubkinsky (1996).

In the 1990s–2010s. new churches were erected: c. St. Nicholas in Nadym (1992–98), c. Archangel Michael in Noyabrsk (1997–2005), c. St. Nicholas in Tarko-Sale (2003–05), Epiphany Cathedral in Novy Urengoy (2007–15), c. Nativity of Christ in the village. Pangody (2009–11), Transfiguration Cathedral in Salekhard (2012–17). Among the trees churches: Nativity of Christ in the village. Khanymei (2004), in honor of the icon of the Mother of God “Inexhaustible Chalice” in the village. Purpe (2005–07), St. Nicholas on the island White (2013). In 1994–2006, the “Obdorsky Fortress” museum was built in Salekhard (a copy of a 17th century fort; with a center in honor of the icon of the Mother of God “Joy of All Who Sorrow”, 2006–07). The government building of Y.-N. was also built. A. O. in Salekhard (2009), new bridges.

From the beginning 20th century worked as a Nenets artist, writer and researcher T. Vylka (student of V.V. Perepletchikov and A.E. Arkhipov). Since the 1950s–60s. artist and woodcarver G. A. Puiko, master of applied art V. A. Sablina worked. In the 1970s–90s. artists V. M. Samburov, L. A. Lar, M. V. Kanev, R. K. Bekshenev, masters of decorative and applied arts G. E. Hartaganov, A. M. Kudelin, L. K. Agicheva came forward , A. M. Syazi, N. M. Taligina, I. L. Khudi, V. F. Yadne.

In Nar. The creativity of the Nenets and Selkups includes carving on bone, wood and horn, fur appliqué, and the manufacture of products from birch bark (with patterns in the form of zigzags, “deer antlers” and “pike teeth”). Women's clothing is decorated with a rhythmic geometric stripe. pattern sewn from pieces of deer fur. The bone forehead foreheads of deer are covered with an engraved “eye” ornament. Among the Selkups, outline images of people, animals and birds are found on the leather clothes of shamans. Made of metal. jewelry (earrings, rings, pendants, etc.).

Music

The basis of music. cultures - traditions of Russians, Ukrainians, Nenets, Tatars, Khanty, Bashkirs, Belarusians, Komi, Selkups and other peoples. Since 1932, cultural and educational work among the local population has been carried out by the Yamal district “House of the Nenets” (founded in 1925 under the name “House of the National Men”, since 1930 “House of the Native”) in Obdorsk (since 1933 Salekhard). In 1947, under him, the national ones were formed. music groups, including Komi choir. In 1949, the “House of the Nenets” was renamed the District House of Culture of the Peoples of the North, and in 1987 – the District Center of the National. cultures (since 1986 in a modern building with two concert halls); reorganized in 1992, it became the largest cultural center of the district (promotes the preservation of national musical folklore, holds various festivals, performances, concerts, etc.). Since 1990, Prof. has been working at its base. national ensemble songs “Soyotei Yamal” (founded in 1969 at the Salekhard Pedagogical School as a national song and dance ensemble; since 1987 in folk status, since 2014 gubernatorial); His repertoire includes songs of the Nenets, Komi, Selkups, and Khanty in authentic and adapted versions. There is also a government agency operating in Salekhard. Cultural and business center with a concert hall (founded in 2006, opened in 2008), in Noyabrsk - a branch of the Tyumen State. Philharmonic.