Diet for gastric erosion: principles of nutrition, what not to eat, example of a daily menu. Nutrition in the treatment of gastric erosion Gastric erosion what you can eat

Currently, erosion of the stomach and duodenum are considered the most common gastroduodenal diseases. With this pathological process, the inner surface of the mucous membrane is damaged, the muscle layer is not affected.

Classification of the disease

Diagnosis of an erosive defect became possible only with the invention of the apparatus for FGS in its modern form - only then did it become possible to see even the smallest defects of the intestinal mucosa. Back in the 1960-70s, ulcerative defects were diagnosed using a probe, visually assessing the contents of the stomach.

Erosion of the stomach and duodenum is classified into 3 categories (according to Vodolagin):

• primary – occurs as an independent pathological process;
• secondary – appears against the background of other diseases;
• malignant - diagnosed in oncological processes and Crohn's disease.

Primary acute erosion usually scars within 7-10 days; in severe cases, treatment of the disease requires 2 months.

Chronic erosions persist in patients for many years, periodically causing complications, the appearance of which can be guessed by the following symptoms:

• periodic pain in the epigastric region;
• belching and heartburn – not necessary;
• anemia caused by obvious or hidden bleeding.

Complications in the form of bleeding occur in 20% of patients.

In uncomplicated cases of erosive damage, drug treatment may not be necessary - proper nutrition for erosion of the stomach and duodenum and traditional methods help normalize the general condition. This method of treatment requires more time than using medications, but there are no side effects from medications.

Diet for erosion of the stomach and duodenum

Treatment of the disease cannot be carried out unless a special diet is followed.

Its main principles:

• fractional meals - at least 6 meals a day;
• food should not irritate the mucous membrane of the digestive organs;
• exclude all dishes that increase gastric secretion - if the acidity of the stomach is increased;
• food enters the stomach at medium temperature.

If you adhere to the Pevzner classification, then this is diet No. 1. The same diet is used for stomach and duodenal ulcers.

In case of exacerbations of the disease, it is necessary to choose options 1a and 1b. It is allowed, while following a diet, to eat food in liquid, mushy or ground, but dense form, boiled or stewed. (With diet 1a, only slimy soups are allowed; with diet 1b, slimy and mushy dishes are combined). The amount of foods rich in natural fiber is significantly limited. Such foods include: radishes, radishes, turnips, legumes, berries with rough skin - for example, black currants or dates.

Bread made from low-grade flour, animal products containing coarse connective tissue - fish and poultry skin, stringy meat - are excluded from the diet.

Cooking technology: steaming and cooking, stewing followed by crushing is allowed. Baking only in foil - no crispy crust.

Chemical composition of the diet: carbohydrates - 400 g, proteins - about 100 g (40% vegetable), fats - up to 100 g (animal 70%), table salt - 6 g per day.

The nutritional value of the daily menu is from 2800 kcal to 3000 kcal.

The main beneficial substances – vitamins and microelements – should be introduced into the body daily:

• vitamin C – 100 mg;
• vitamin A – 2 mg;
• B vitamins – B1, B6, B12 – 4 mg each;
• vitamin PP – nicotinic acid – not less than 30 mg;
• calcium – 0.9 mg;
• magnesium - the same amount;
• phosphorus – 1.5 mg;
• iron – at least 15 mg.

The usual diet is from 1.5 liters of liquid, including juices and fruit drinks. The diet menu for the treatment of erosive lesions is compiled based on these data.

Permitted and prohibited products

• bakery products – dried white bread, dietary cracker cookies, dried biscuits;
• cereal soups – cereals are pre-chopped;
• milk soups with noodles;
• lean meat and fish;
• sunflower oil and butter,
• puddings of various types;
• dairy and fermented milk products;
• eggs - only soft-boiled;
• casseroles from various pre-chopped steamed products;
• vegetable dishes - with the exception of vegetables that increase gastric secretion;
• fruit and berry desserts – sweet, without sourness;
• homemade jam, homemade marmalade, honey;
• weak tea;
• sweet juices and compotes;
• jellied fish;
• boiled vegetable salad;
• rosehip decoction.

Spicy seasonings and natural flavoring additives that affect hematopoietic functions should be avoided.

The following foods and types of dishes should be excluded from the diet in case of exacerbation of erosive lesions or a history of them:

• any carbonated and alcoholic drinks;
• fried foods;
• rich meat and concentrated vegetable broths;
• meat products from offal;
• hot and tart seasonings;
• smoked;
• marinades;
• pickles;
• citrus;
• coffee and cocoa;
• products containing a high amount of coarse fiber and having a strong, pronounced taste: turnips, radishes, celery.

In the acute stage - when characteristic symptoms appear - diet No. 1a is chosen - the pureed version. Diet 1b is used if the patient is on bed rest. As the patient's condition improves, they are gradually transferred to option No. 1.

Daily menu options

Rubbed version - prescribed after stopping bleeding.

The intervals between meals are 4 hours.

• Breakfast – milk porridge with mashed rice, soft-boiled egg, tea with milk;
• Lunch – baked sweet apple – peel is not eaten;
• Lunch – milk soup with "Hercules". steamed meatballs with carrot soufflé, dried fruit compote or berry mousse;
• Afternoon snack - crackers with mashed cottage cheese - add low-fat sour cream and rosehip decoction to the cottage cheese;
• Dinner – minced fish casserole with milk sauce, mashed potatoes, tea;
• Before bed - a glass of milk.

If the products do not need to be crushed, the daily menu will be adjusted as follows.

• For breakfast, it is recommended to replace pureed rice porridge with crumbly buckwheat or well-cooked oatmeal;
• You can serve an afternoon snack for lunch - the cottage cheese is no longer mashed;
• Lunch - potato soup with meat broth, boiled meat in pieces - baking technology. Salad of boiled vegetables with vegetable oil, compote of dried fruits, which are recommended to be eaten;
• For an afternoon snack - dried biscuits with a decoction of wheat bran;
• Dinner can be supplemented with vegetarian baked goods, for example, carrot-apple roll.

A glass of milk or cream before bed should also be drunk on a less lenient diet. The milk has anthracite properties. Instead of black tea, it is advisable to use herbal teas, infusing yarrow, chamomile, mint and linden at high acidity, and brewing rosehip at low acidity.

With the help of diet and herbal infusions, you can get rid of erosion of the stomach and duodenum in 3-4 weeks.

Just first you need to consult your doctor. Bleeding injuries and acute forms of the disease with severe pain symptoms begin to be treated with diet after the elimination of dangerous symptoms.

Abuse of fatty, fried and spicy foods leads to the formation of ulcers on the mucous membrane, which, if left untreated, can cause the development of cancer, so diet for gastric erosion and appropriate drug treatment play a big role in the patient’s recovery process.

The symptoms of the pathology may be similar to those of a peptic ulcer, however, if you follow the recommendations of the attending physician, damage to the mucous membrane can be completely cured.

Prevention plays an important role, which consists of creating a diet that will facilitate the restoration of the mucous membrane. Let's find out in more detail what you can eat if you have stomach erosion.

Etiology, symptoms and diagnosis of pathology

The gastric mucosa is usually protected from the aggressive effects of gastric juice.

However, when the acidity of the mucus increases or due to the ingress of pathogenic microorganisms into it, ulcers form on the surface of the mucous membrane of the antrum of the stomach, located randomly or in a certain order.

A characteristic difference between erosion and peptic ulcer disease is that with a well-designed treatment regimen, ulcers heal without leaving any traces.

Only the mucous membrane of the organ is affected; deeper tissues are not involved in the process.

Gastroenterologists call the main causes of gastric erosion:

1. Taking medications that destroy mucous membranes. These include anti-tuberculosis drugs, some heart medications and painkillers.
2. Previous operations or injuries to the digestive organs.
3. Eating too hot, hot, spicy, smoked foods. Fatty dishes and rough foods also negatively affect the integrity of the mucous membrane.
4. Burns from hot smoke during smoking and excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages not only weaken the body, but can also cause erosion.
5. Poisoning with chemicals, working in hazardous conditions.
6. Chronic pathologies such as heart failure, liver disorders, diabetes mellitus.
7. Oncological diseases can be both a cause and a consequence of gastric erosion.

In the initial stages, the pathology may be asymptomatic.

However, the appearance of the first signs similar to heartburn or peptic ulcers requires immediate consultation with a doctor, as they may indicate the development of a more serious disease.

The main symptoms of gastric erosion are:

• abdominal pain of varying intensity, both hungry and after eating;
• nausea, belching, constipation;
• frequent vomiting can be confused with a symptom of intoxication, however, the appearance of blood in the vomit or stool is a reason to immediately visit a gastroenterologist;
• increased fragility of the nail plate, dryness and hair loss are observed against the background of anemia resulting from internal bleeding;
• Chronic gastric erosion is accompanied by weight loss.

Diagnostic measures include patient interview, laboratory tests and endoscopy.

If the diagnosis is confirmed, the doctor prescribes an individual treatment regimen, which includes taking antibiotics, drugs to restore the mucous membrane, physiotherapy and diet therapy.

Basic rules of nutrition for gastric erosion

The diet is developed by the attending physician depending on the stage of the disease and individual indications.

Special nutrition is prescribed after the acute condition is relieved and is maintained for 2 to 3 months.

There are general rules that should guide every patient diagnosed with gastric erosion:

1. You need to eat fractionally, dividing the menu into 6 meals, the interval between which cannot be more than four hours. For a weakened body, the number of snacks can be increased.
2. In order not to overload the stomach, the last meal is taken 2 - 3 hours before bedtime. If the patient is not allergic to lactose, milk or cream can be drunk at this time.
3. It is advisable to eat steamed or boiled foods.
4. The amount of spices and spices added to food should be reduced. In addition, the daily salt intake should not exceed 12 g.
5. You cannot eat hot or cold foods. Food should be moderately warm.

In order to avoid exacerbation, patients must adhere to the recommendations listed.

Violating the diet or consuming prohibited foods can lead to the appearance of ulcers and the development of complications.

The patient's diet must include all the substances necessary to ensure normal functioning.

At the same time, you need to eat dishes that do not irritate the mucous membrane and do not cause an increase in the acidity of gastric juice.

A gastroenterologist develops a weekly menu for gastric erosions, which includes the following products:

• overcooked cereals cooked until gluten appears;
• steam omelettes and boiled eggs;
• vegetable broth, puree soups;
• dishes made from minced meat and low-fat steamed fish;
• be sure to drink jelly;
• pureed vegetables seasoned with refined vegetable oil;
• fresh dairy products, low-fat kefir;
• yesterday's bread, biscuits;
• bananas, baked apples;
• fruits, crushed to puree;
• pasta made from durum wheat.

Bananas for gastric erosion should be consumed only when the patient has stable stools and does not experience flatulence.

Useful substances such as potassium, magnesium, vitamins B and C help improve the digestion process and recovery from vomiting. In addition, bananas contain fiber, which stimulates the stomach.

However, people with reduced activity should consume bananas with caution. When bananas linger in the stomach, they cause a fermentation process, which is accompanied by the formation of gases.

In order to avoid unpleasant consequences, it is necessary to maintain time between eating the fruit and the main meal.

The diet prescribed by a gastroenterologist together with a nutritionist for gastric erosion involves a complete rejection of the following products:

• fast food, fatty foods high in carbohydrates;
• fried, smoked, spicy foods;
• sour berries, hard-skinned fruits;
• fatty kefir, cottage cheese and other fermented milk products;
• vegetables that stimulate the process of gas formation, such as legumes, corn, radishes, etc.;
• alcohol-containing drinks, carbonated drinks, coffee, strong tea.

Patients should not eat confectionery, pastries made from butter or puff pastry, or chocolate.

The periodic desire to “pamper” yourself with excesses can lead to a deterioration in health, therefore, in case of stomach erosion, the diet must be followed very strictly.

The weekly menu compiled by a gastroenterologist contains all the necessary nutrients.

Diet menu for the week

A special diet developed by a nutritionist, despite strict restrictions on products, provides the patient with all the necessary substances.

In addition, the menu contains products accessible to patients of any income level.

Together with a specialist, a diet should be developed that will not only have a gentle effect on the mucous membrane, but will also correspond to the patient’s usual diet.

An approximate menu for a week for gastric erosion may look like this:

1. For the first breakfast, you can eat milk porridge, or crushed cereals boiled in water, a steamed omelet, a boiled egg, vegetable puree with a steamed meatball. It is advisable to use herbal infusions and weak tea as a drink.
2. The second meal involves a snack of cottage cheese soufflé or pudding; you can eat a baked apple of non-acidic varieties. It is better to drink rosehip decoction.
3. For lunch, the patient can be offered vegetable puree soup, thick milk soups, chicken liver pate, steamed fish or meat balls, boiled fish, and dried bread. Dessert can be fruit in the form of jelly or mousse.
4. For an afternoon snack, you can eat crackers cooked in the oven, unsweetened cookies and rosehip decoction.
5. The dinner menu is as follows - vegetable puree with the addition of a small amount of vegetable oil, boiled fish or meat pate, fruit in the form of compote or jelly, herbal tea.

Patients often ask the question, what salads can be included in the menu for stomach erosion? Nutritionists recommend vegetable oils; purified sunflower or olive oils can be used as a dressing.

After one to two weeks, depending on how you feel, you can gradually introduce low-fat kefir, bananas, sugar, honey, high-quality butter, etc. into your diet.

Within a month, the menu will be quite varied, and the patient will feel a significant improvement.

When faced with dietary nutrition, many patients ask the question, what technologies are best to use when preparing?

If there is no special equipment at home, the dishes are boiled in a saucepan. Fruits, including bananas, are peeled and thoroughly chopped in a blender.

Cooking recipes can be found on the Internet:

1. The diet involves eating a variety of vegetable purees. To prepare them, vegetables are washed, peeled and cut into large pieces, which are placed in cold, slightly salted water and put on fire. After boiling, leave for 10 minutes, after which the vegetables are taken out, blended with a blender and poured with vegetable broth to the required consistency. You can add a large spoonful of low-fat cream to the soup. In order to diversify the menu for the week, vegetables can be combined depending on taste.
2. Nutrition for gastric erosion requires the consumption of large quantities of milk soups and cereals. Recipes differ in the amount of cereal added. As a rule, milk and water are taken as a basis in equal parts. After boiling, add semolina, oatmeal, etc. to the resulting mixture. A special diet, which requires erosion of the gastric mucosa, allows you to add a little butter to the porridge or add a raw egg.
3. Special nutrition involves eating eggs. It can be boiled to varying degrees of doneness. The diet allows for the preparation of steamed omelettes or egg-milk soups. To do this, pour beaten eggs into cold milk, and leave the resulting mixture on low heat until cooked.
4. In case of stomach erosion, it is necessary to consume fish and lean meat. Since all food should be served in pureed form, steamed cutlets and meatballs are prepared from the products.

The fillet is thoroughly chopped, the beaten egg white and a little butter are carefully added, dumplings are formed and boiled in salted water.

The diet, recommended after a comprehensive examination of gastric erosion, is prescribed in parallel with drug therapy and involves the consumption of dishes containing foods that do not irritate the mucous membrane and help reduce acidity.

Such a diet will help not only restore the organs of the gastrointestinal tract, but also provide the body with the necessary nutrients, which will significantly speed up the healing process.

Useful video

It is an integral component of treatment. It is designed to mechanically, thermally and chemically spare the digestive tract.

Basic nutrition rules

1. If there is gastric erosion, patients are prohibited from consuming more than 12 g of salt per day.
2. It is necessary to give preference to steamed or boiled food. For a while, you should completely avoid fried and baked foods with a rough crust.
3. Avoid eating hard and fibrous foods.
4. Meals for gastric erosion should be divided so that food is easier to digest. Therefore, patients are recommended to eat at least 6 times a day, and in small portions.
5. You should avoid using spices, as they irritate the mucous membranes of the stomach.
6. It is forbidden to eat hot and cold food. There should be exclusively warm dishes on the patient's table.
7. It is recommended to follow the diet for at least 2 months.
8. After the disappearance of painful sensations, patients are allowed to return to their usual diet, but it is still worthwhile to reduce as much as possible the amount of consumed salt, carbohydrate-rich foods, spicy and sour foods, since these foods can cause a relapse of the disease.

What is possible and what is not

Since the main goal of the diet in the treatment of gastric erosion is to relieve stress from the digestive tract, patients are advised to completely stop consuming:

• fried foods;
• fatty meats, cheese, fish, broths, etc.;
• citrus fruits;
• smoked meats;
• mushrooms;
• foods rich in fiber, such as bread;
• certain vegetables, including radishes, turnips, corn, rutabaga, legumes;
• coffee;
• carbonated drinks;
• chocolate;
• kvass;
• confectionery products;
• alcohol;
• spices;
• strong tea;
• pickled and canned foods, etc.

Thus, patients should avoid all foods that increase the secretion of hydrochloric acid in the stomach.

• eggs;
• low-fat sour cream, milk and cheese;
• butter;
• jelly;
• oatmeal;
• semolina.

It is better to replace any drinks with herbal infusions, for example, rose hips, or plain clean water.

Sample menu for the day

• low-fat milk;
• 2 chicken eggs, soft-boiled.

2nd breakfast: low-fat milk.

Dinner:

• soup, for example oatmeal;
• steamed chicken soufflé;
• fruit jelly.

Attention! You cannot use ready-made mixtures sold in stores and containing large quantities of preservatives and flavorings to prepare jelly.

Afternoon snack:

• milk cream

Dinner:

• low-fat milk;
• rice porrige.

An example menu for gastric erosion during recovery is as follows:

1st breakfast:

• 1 soft-boiled egg;
• rice porridge with milk;
• tea or herbal decoction.

2nd breakfast: baked apple.

Puree vegetable soup can be not only tasty, but also beautiful

Dinner:

• oatmeal soup with milk;
• steamed meatballs;
• fruit mousse.

Afternoon snack:

• low-fat milk;
• crackers.

Dinner:

• carrot-beet puree;
• boiled fish;
• tea or herbal decoction.

Advice: at night, both during an exacerbation of the disease and during the recovery period, it is recommended to drink a small amount of warm low-fat milk.

In the future, patients can diversify their daily menu with semolina, oatmeal, omelets, steamed cutlets, meatballs, low-fat fish, slimy cereal soups, and soups based on pureed vegetables. Gradually, the diet is allowed to include jelly, compotes, biscuits, stale bread, juices heavily diluted with water (with the exception of sour ones), kefir, yogurt, sugar, marshmallows, honey, etc.

Thus, following a diet helps relieve stress from the stomach and the entire digestive tract and, therefore, helps accelerate the recovery process of the mucous membranes. But in any case, therapeutic nutrition should be supplemented by avoiding stressful situations. You can get additional information about nutrition for gastric erosion from the article -.

Therapy for gastric erosion is carried out in combination: with medication, physiotherapeutic procedures and adherence to nutritional rules. It is impossible to achieve a complete cure of the pathology in any one way. A person can create a weekly menu for stomach erosion on his own if he has an idea of ​​prohibited and permitted foods.

Menu principles for gastric erosion

Diet therapy continues throughout the entire period of treatment for erosion and during recovery for another 2 ─ 3 months. The principle of the diet is split meals (up to 6 ─ 7 times a day). The interval between meals should not exceed 5 hours.

The second dinner is taken 3 hours before bedtime. This allows you to relieve the stomach and prevent food from refluxing into the esophagus. In case of erosion, 1 hour before going to bed, you are allowed to drink no more than 150 ml of cold cream or milk. The main thing is that the patient does not have an individual intolerance to these products.

The preferred consistency of dishes is liquid or mushy. This will make it easier for the digestive organ to digest food. The products are steamed or boiled and then passed through a meat grinder or blender. If the recommended products cause disgust and discomfort in the stomach, then they are refused.

Authorized Products

The menu for illness includes products that have a gentle effect on damaged stomach walls. These include persimmons, bananas, sour apples, green vegetables, herbs, potatoes, and fish.

Meat and fish dishes are prepared without adding salt and spices. Any spices for stomach erosion are strictly prohibited. Among the permitted types of meat, rabbit, turkey and boiled chicken should be noted.

When this problem occurs, fermented milk drinks and products are especially useful: cottage cheese, cheese, fermented baked milk, kefir. Preference is given to products with high fat content, because with a reduced level, the acidity of drinks increases, which makes them dangerous for the mucous membranes of the stomach and intestines.

Drink fruit juices carefully. In small quantities (up to 200 ml per day), it is allowed to consume apricot and peach juice with preliminary dilution with boiled water.

In order not to make a mistake when choosing a product, they are guided by its taste. In case of stomach erosion, everything salty, spicy and sour is prohibited. The menu includes only those dishes that do not have a pronounced taste.

Prohibited Products

A diet for erosive gastric disease involves avoiding foods that stimulate increased gastric secretion:

• radish;
• Luke;
• tomatoes;
• grapes;
• drain;
• citrus fruits;
• sour apples;
• berries;
• chocolate;
• confectionery products.

Contraindications also apply to baked goods, rich broths, pickles and smoked foods. Chewing gum contributes to the exacerbation of the disease. The process stimulates the production of hydrochloric acid, which, in the absence of food, irritates the walls of the digestive organ.

Sample menu for the week

If you have a peptic ulcer, you can follow the following dietary recommendations:

1. Monday:

• morning - soft-boiled egg, weak tea, milk porridge;
• 2 breakfast – herbal decoction, cottage cheese with a fat content of at least 3%;
• lunch - milk soup, steamed cutlets, zucchini, broccoli or carrot puree, dried fruit compote;
• afternoon snack - chamomile decoction with crackers;
• dinner - boiled white fish (pollock, cod, pike perch), mashed potatoes, cocoa.

1. Tuesday:

• morning – steamed omelette, buckwheat porridge with water, raspberry jelly;
• 2 breakfast – non-acidic fruit – pear or apple;
• lunch - milk soup with rice, boiled meat, boiled potatoes;
• afternoon snack – herbal tea, dry cookies;
• dinner - casserole with cottage cheese, jelly or liquid cream.

1. Wednesday:

• morning - fatty cottage cheese, fruit juice;
• 2 breakfast – low-fat cream, oatmeal cookies;
• lunch – chicken noodles, pumpkin casserole;
• afternoon snack – fruit jelly, dried fruit compote;
• dinner – stewed fish with cream sauce, side dish of buckwheat.

1. Thursday:

• morning - omelet; weak tea;
• second breakfast – cottage cheese casserole
• lunch – vegetable soup with meatballs;
• afternoon snack – carrot puree, baked apples;
• dinner – zucchini with boiled chicken.

1. Friday:

• morning: soft-boiled egg, milk porridge;
• 2nd breakfast – weak tea with dried bread;
• Lunch – soup with meatballs, rice with stewed vegetables;
• Afternoon snack – baked pears or apples;
• Dinner – macaroni casserole, cheese.

1. Saturday:

• morning: oatmeal with non-acidic fruit (banana, apple);
• 2 breakfast – fruit jelly, cocoa;
• Lunch – soup with cereals (buckwheat, rice, barley), baked turkey;
• Afternoon snack – milk, crackers or a piece of yesterday’s bread;
• Dinner – boiled lean fish, mashed potatoes.

1. Sunday:

• morning ─ banana, soft-boiled egg;
• 2nd breakfast – jelly, biscuits;
• lunch - fish soup, turkey cutlet, broccoli puree;
• afternoon snack - a piece of bread with milk;
• dinner – mashed potatoes with fish fillet.

Positive changes can be noticed 2 weeks after diet therapy. It is important to eat a varied diet so that the body receives all the necessary microelements and vitamins.