What can mean an unpleasant odor from female discharge. What vaginal discharge is considered normal: color, smell and consistency

A woman’s happiness and beauty largely depend on the health of her reproductive system. To protect it from the penetration of bacteria and other problems, the body produces a secretion that, passing through the fallopian tubes, flows out of the vagina. But not all discharge can be considered normal. Often their separation becomes a signal about the development of the disease. Therefore, first of all, it is necessary to determine why discharge with an unpleasant odor from the vagina appears.

Discharge from a healthy woman

Separation of secretions from the vagina is a normal protective reaction of the body. To produce it, the reproductive system contains special glands. The discharge may vary in intensity depending on the phase of the menstrual cycle.

The discharge of a woman in good health has no odor. They are slimy and most often colorless. An increase in their volume is observed in the second period of the menstrual cycle. At the same time, they become thicker. The main signs of normal discharge may be:

• The diameter of the stain that forms on the panty liner does not exceed 5 cm.
• They have a fairly thick consistency.
• They do not smell at all, in rare cases a slightly sour, barely perceptible odor is felt.
• May contain lumps whose size does not exceed 4 mm.
• Not accompanied by itching, discomfort, or pain.
• After sexual intercourse, the discharge has a white tint.
• In the first month after starting to take oral contraceptives, they turn brown.

The reasons for the appearance of such secretions are physiological in nature. If there are no accompanying symptoms, there is nothing to worry about.

Odor not associated with disease

Vaginal discharge with an odor can be caused by external or internal factors that are not associated with the formation of any disease. Among them are:

• Sexual arousal. During this, the sebaceous glands located at the base of the labia minora are activated. The substances they produce produce an unpleasant odor.
• Failure to comply with personal hygiene standards. The labia must be washed daily using specialized detergents. Otherwise, natural vaginal discharge is concentrated, pathogenic microflora can develop in it, which leads to the appearance of a pungent odor.
• Improper implementation of preventive measures. Illiterate or too frequent douching causes disruption of the normal vaginal microflora. This may cause discharge with an unpleasant odor.
• The problem may also be associated with a sharp decrease in the body's protective functions. This often happens during illness or deterioration in nutritional quality.
• Treatment with potent medications.
• Hormonal imbalance. Discharge may appear during pregnancy, menopause, after an abortion, or when the thyroid gland malfunctions.
• Prolonged stay in a state of stress, poor psycho-emotional state.

In the above situations, it is enough to eliminate the provoking factor, and the secretion will stop. However, you should not make a diagnosis yourself; it is better to consult a specialist.

Possible diseases

The unpleasant smell of discharge in women in some situations becomes a symptom of a serious illness. Most often diagnosed:

• Colpitis. The disease is associated with an inflammatory process that develops on the mucous surface of the vagina. It is accompanied by secretion with a strong odor, discomfort after sexual intercourse, pain in the lower abdomen, and problems with emptying the bladder. Treatment is carried out using specialized medications.
• Vaginosis is a disease that is associated with the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms into the woman’s reproductive system. This is facilitated by a decrease in immunity and long-term treatment with antibacterial drugs. This produces a yellow-green secretion that has a rotten odor.
• Endometriosis. Its development is associated with hormonal imbalance. As a result, the tissues of the mucous surface begin to grow greatly. Often the consequence of this process is infertility. This disease is characterized by yellow or brown odorous discharge.
• Tumor formation in the organs of the reproductive system. A yellow secretion is observed. The formation of a fistula, a connecting canal between the vagina and intestines, may occur. Through it, pathogenic microflora enters the reproductive system. This aggravates the course of the disease.
• Venereal diseases. They are transmitted during sexual contact with an infected partner. The development of such diseases is associated with the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms into a woman’s body. In this case, there is the appearance of vaginal discharge with an unpleasant odor, severe itching, pain, and urination problems. If treatment is incorrect or untimely, complications may occur, including irreversible infertility.
• Candidiasis or thrush. The cause of this disease is a fungal infection. In this case, the separated secretion will have a cheesy structure. This problem often occurs after pregnancy, stress, decreased immunity and other provoking factors.

Before starting treatment, it is necessary to identify the causes of the problem. To do this, you need to see a doctor and undergo an appropriate medical examination.

Self-medication in the presence of the disease can lead to serious complications. Do not try to select medications yourself or use traditional medicine. This is dangerous for your health.

Classification by smell

Discharge in women, depending on the cause of its occurrence, may have a different smell:

• Rotten fish. If the discharge has such a smell, we can talk about the presence of dysbiosis in the vagina. This causes itching and severe discomfort. The consequence of this can be inflammatory processes in various organs of the reproductive system.
• Onion or garlic. The cause of such female discharge may be a decrease in immunity, poor diet or fungal infection of the vagina. In the latter case, specialized treatment will be required.
• Rotten meat. The reasons for this phenomenon lie in infection with Gardnerella. These pathogens settle on the mucous surface of the vagina. In the absence of proper treatment, they spread throughout the entire genitourinary system and lead to the development of serious complications. The secretion with the smell of rotten meat is gray in color.
• Urine. Secretions with an unpleasant odor in women can be the result of prolonged stress or excess weight. This occurs due to the penetration of a portion of urine. This phenomenon is the result of increased pressure in the peritoneum.
• Sours. becomes a consequence of thrush. In this case, the woman feels debilitating itching and a feeling of discomfort. There is a high probability of developing vulvovaginitis.
• Acetone. Discharge with this odor is most often accompanied by diabetes mellitus. This disease leads to the accumulation of large amounts of ketone bodies in the body. The body removes them together with biological fluids, including vaginal secretions. Because of this, it acquires such a specific smell. The reasons for the formation of secretions may lie in other diseases. Therefore, when a symptom appears, a thorough medical examination is necessary.
• Gland. Such an unpleasant symptom indicates that the secretion contains an admixture of blood. This can happen during menstruation or with erosive lesions of the cervix. The integrity of the mucous surfaces is disrupted and they begin to bleed.

The method of how to get rid of such symptoms will depend on the cause of its occurrence. To determine it, you will need to conduct a series of laboratory tests.

Classification by color and consistency

Discharge with an odor can have different consistency and color. Depending on this, the doctor can conduct an initial assessment of the woman’s health status. The following types of secretion are distinguished:

• White discharge. Most often they become a sign of thrush. They are curd-like in structure and have a sour smell. This disease often manifests itself at an early onset of sexual activity. If the secretion is white and smells like fish, it is a sign of vaginosis.
• Yellow. Foul-smelling discharge of this color indicates the development of an inflammatory process. If such symptoms are discovered after sexual intercourse without using a condom, you should immediately consult a doctor to conduct research to identify sexually transmitted diseases. In gynecology, there are often cases when the separation of yellow secretions is accompanied by infection with staphylococcus or streptococcus after a difficult birth or an abortion performed in violation of the technology of the procedure.
• Yellow-brown. This light signals the presence of pus in the biological fluid. This indicates inflammation localized in the ovaries, uterus, fallopian tubes or vagina. Transmission of this disease is possible during unprotected sexual intercourse. The development of the disease is facilitated by non-compliance with hygiene standards. The separation of thick, dark-colored fluids becomes a consequence of vaginitis. The greenish tint of such a secretion indicates infection with trichomoniasis.
• The appearance of cheesy discharge with a smell indicates not only thrush, but also a decrease in immunity, incorrect choice of underwear, pregnancy, or disruption of the normal microflora of the vagina. This condition is facilitated by a poor psychological environment, frequent stress, and depressive states.
• with a sour odor can be the result of simple non-compliance with hygiene rules.
• Pink. If their shade is quite pale, this indicates a pathological change in the endometrium or an ongoing inflammatory process in the cervix. If such fluid begins to be released instead of your usual menstruation, consult a doctor. This may indicate early pregnancy and the threat of miscarriage.
• Greenish. A smelly discharge of this color indicates a disease of the genitourinary system, which is accompanied by the active production of leukocytes. This symptom may be accompanied by cervical erosion, dysbacteriosis, gonorrhea and other problems. If they smell rotten, this indicates the progression of purulent cervicitis.
• Bright red. This sign indicates the presence of blood in the secretion. If this happened before menstruation, then experts are more likely to suspect the presence of endometriosis. In the middle of the cycle, the separation of such a secretion indicates polycystic ovary syndrome. If such a disease is not treated in a timely manner, the risk of developing infertility increases many times over. The red secretion that appears after the end of menstruation can be a sign of an ectopic pregnancy.
• Brown discharge appears in women who do not take good care of their personal hygiene. The cause of this phenomenon may also be a hormonal imbalance. This often happens when starting to use oral contraceptives. The appearance of such discharge with an unpleasant odor in women, which is accompanied by pain, is a sign of an ectopic pregnancy.
• Gray. If there is discharge of this shade, then they speak of an infection entering the body. In this case, it is extremely important to start treatment on time.

It is possible to determine why unpleasant symptoms appeared only after a full examination. Analyzing the results of all studies, the doctor develops a competent treatment strategy.

What symptoms require immediate medical attention?

The appearance of discharge with an unpleasant odor and discharge with an unpleasant hue and consistency indicates the presence of a serious disease. This can be determined by the following signs:

• Disruptions of the menstrual cycle.
• Pain in the lumbar area and lower abdomen.
• Breast diseases that are associated with hormonal imbalances in the body.
• Feeling of itching and burning in the genital area.
• Feeling of severe discomfort during sexual intercourse.

If you notice such symptoms, go to the doctor immediately. If precious time is lost, the likelihood of complications increases.

To make an accurate diagnosis, laboratory tests are performed on a vaginal smear, urine and blood. Only after receiving all the results will the doctor be able to make an accurate diagnosis.

How to get rid of the problem?

The appearance of copious discharge with an unpleasant odor indicates the need for immediate treatment. Self-medication is strictly prohibited. This can have an extremely negative impact on reproductive function. Only a specialist will be able to develop a competent method to treat the problem. The following therapy programs are used:

• Antibacterial drugs. They help suppress the activity of pathogenic microflora. These can be tablets or vaginal suppositories. Topical medications can speed up the healing process. Such drugs upset the balance of the natural intestinal microflora, so probiotics or prebiotics are used simultaneously with them.
• Lactic acid. It is necessary to restore normal vaginal microflora.
• Hormonal drugs to correct the disturbed background.
• Bacterial agents that stimulate the active growth of bacteria that have a positive effect on the health.
• Preparations containing ascorbic acid. This substance has the ability to stop the proliferation of pathogenic microflora. You can use not only vitamin-mineral complexes, but also natural products. Citrus fruits, cranberries, and black currants are rich in vitamin C.
• Adjusting your diet. The right menu helps combat vaginal odor. It should include a sufficient amount of fermented milk products. It's best if they are homemade. Add garlic to your diet. This product has excellent antifungal and antibacterial effects.
• Maintaining proper drinking regime. The liquid helps to quickly wash out pathogenic microflora. Proper drinking regimen helps eliminate excess sugar, toxins and toxic substances.

Treatment with medications should be carried out under the supervision of a physician. In this case, it is necessary to strictly observe all prescribed dosages. It is strictly prohibited to interrupt the course of treatment or replace the drug on your own. This can aggravate the course of the disease and lead to the development of complications.

Traditional methods

The best results can be achieved if, in addition to drug treatment, you use traditional medicine. Before using them, you should consult your doctor. Among the most effective recipes are:

• Periwinkle infusion. Three pinches of dried raw materials are steamed with a glass of boiling water. After 15 minutes, the infusion is filtered and taken by sip throughout the day. This remedy helps treat female discharge that is mucous and watery in consistency.
• An infusion of immortelle is a good way to eliminate the problem. A spoonful of crushed dried inflorescences is steamed in a glass of boiling water. The composition is brought to a boil, turn off the heat and leave in this state for half an hour. After this, it is filtered and taken a sip before each meal.
• Pine baths will help eliminate unpleasant odors. To do this, pour a glass of pine needles with three liters of water and boil over low heat for about 40 minutes. After the decoction has cooled, it is filtered and poured into water for a sitz bath. The duration of one procedure is 20 minutes.
• A lotion with the addition of wintergreen infusion will help eliminate the smell of rot. About 50 grams of dried raw materials are poured into a glass jar and filled with half a liter of high-quality vodka. This infusion is hidden in a cool, dark place for two weeks. A cellar or pantry is ideal for this. The resulting composition is used for lotions. Before use, the tincture is diluted in clean boiled water.
• If the secretion smells like rotting, an infusion of thick-leaved bergenia will help. The powdered raw material in the amount of two teaspoons is steamed in a glass of boiling water. Leave in a thermos for 30 minutes. The filtered, cooled infusion is used to prepare lotions.
• Irrigating the genitals with garlic infusion will also help overcome the putrid smell. Peel one small head of garlic and pour a glass of boiling water over the cloves. Place on the fire and bring to a boil. Total cooking time is no more than five minutes. After the product has cooled, filter it. Add a spoonful of 6% vinegar. This can be done only before direct use of the composition. Dilute it in water and pour into a spray bottle. It is necessary to irrigate only genitals that have been washed with soap. It is recommended to spray the liquid from a distance of half a meter. The solution should be slightly warm. Carry out the procedures daily for 10 days.
• Strong-smelling discharge can be effectively treated by douching. For this you can use an infusion of St. John's wort. Mix three tablespoons of raw material with two liters of water. Bring to a boil over low heat and simmer for about half an hour. After the pre-filtered product has cooled, it can be used.
• You can douche with a decoction of oak bark. To prepare the product, boil a tablespoon of raw material in a liter of clean water for about 20 minutes. After this, the broth is infused for another half hour. The slightly warm broth is filtered and the procedure is carried out in the morning and evening. This must be done after all necessary hygiene measures have been taken.
• One of the most popular answers from specialists to the question of what to do when gynecological problems arise is douching with a decoction of calendula and meadowsweet. This product has an excellent antibacterial effect. Mix a teaspoon of the raw materials of both plants and boil in a glass of clean water for about 20 minutes. After the liquid has cooled, filter it. Douche several times a day. This should become an integral part of daily morning and evening hygiene.

This treatment can be supplemented with natural vegetable and fruit juices. Prepare all kinds of mixtures from them, for example, from celery, carrots, spinach and herbs. Such vitamin cocktails will help you cope with the disease much faster.

Folk remedies in some cases can cause the development of an allergic reaction. If negative manifestations occur, you must stop therapy and consult a doctor.

Remember that if we do not get rid of the problem that has arisen in time, the risk of the disease becoming chronic increases. In such a situation, long-term complex treatment will be required, the result of which cannot be guaranteed.

Preventive actions

Having gotten rid of the disease, it is necessary to take all measures to avoid relapse. To do this, you do not need to resort to any complex techniques. It is enough to follow a few simple rules of prevention:

• Maintain proper nutrition. It must be balanced. Control the amount of proteins, carbohydrates and fats you eat. Try not to exceed the recommended daily dosages of these substances. This is the only way to protect yourself from diseases of the genitourinary system.
• Carefully observe all standards of individual hygiene of the genital organs. Wash yourself and take a warm shower every day. Use specialized products to wash the vagina. Choose those that contain lactic acid. This component helps preserve natural microflora and does not dry out mucous surfaces. It is better to avoid using regular toilet soap. It can cause itching and discomfort. As a last resort, it can be replaced with a household one.
• Do not wear underwear made from synthetic fabrics. It contributes to the greenhouse effect. Under such conditions, pathogenic microorganisms begin to multiply much more actively. Give preference to models made from natural cotton fabrics.
• Using panty liners will help keep your laundry clean. They absorb excess moisture and help maintain dryness. But bacteria can grow in them, so you need to change the pads every two hours. While at home. It is better to avoid using them. This will allow your skin to breathe freely. During the treatment period, you can use scented pads. They will help reduce the intensity of the unpleasant odor.
• Particular attention to hygiene must be paid during menstruation. Wash yourself as often as possible during this period. Change pads and tampons as soon as possible. At night, it is better to avoid tampons and give preference to pads.
• Maintain the proper level of your immune system. This requires proper nutrition, regular exercise and walks in the fresh air. Eat more vegetables and fruits, start your morning with exercise, and when returning from work, walk a few stops.

Discharge of vaginal secretions with an unpleasant odor can be a signal of the development of a serious disease. Therefore, if you notice such a symptom, immediately contact a specialist. If precious time is lost, the risk of developing dangerous complications increases many times over, since getting rid of discharge is not always easy. In case of discharge of an infectious nature, specialized assistance will be required.

The most common problem with which people consult a gynecologist is discharge. For women, this phenomenon causes concern. Of course, you should panic for this reason, but refusing to consult a doctor is also not an option. Discharge in women may be normal, but in most cases this type of phenomenon is caused by infection, fungus or other harmful microorganisms. What kind of secretion is normal, and when to sound the alarm - we’ll find out now.

Normal discharge: signs and causes

Due to lactobacilli that are found in the vagina, discharge is often white in color. Thus, a favorable environment for conception is created, and the development and growth of harmful microorganisms is blocked.

Signs of normal discharge:

• transparent in color, white, cream sometimes with a yellowish tint;
• do not have a specific odor;
• consistency: liquid, slightly watery, less often similar to egg white;
• in quantity they should not exceed 1 tsp;
• are more pronounced after sexual intercourse, during sexual arousal, and before menstruation.

The reasons for this kind of phenomenon are often several main factors that every woman experiences in life. After sexual intercourse, the appearance of white secretions within 24 hours is normal. During the period of ovulation, white liquid discharge may be observed for one or two days. During pregnancy, perhaps, this phenomenon occurs most often, but there is no need to worry about it. It is recommended to consult a specialist if red and brownish streaks appear.

1. During pregnancy. Occurs due to hormonal dysfunction. The blood supply to the genital organs increases, and clear snot-like discharge appears. In the third trimester, the production of mucous structures increases. Liquid secretion can be called a pathology exclusively before childbirth.
2. After childbirth. During this period, after 6–8 weeks of bleeding, the woman again experiences clear, odorless discharge, as was the case before childbirth. The pathology is discharge with an unpleasant odor, color, and also accompanied by itching and burning.
3. After menstruation. The presence of mucous leucorrhoea during this period is the norm for every woman. As in other cases, deviations are considered: changes in color, smell and the manifestation of various symptoms of irritation.

Mucus discharge

A mucous secretion is considered normal. They become opaque on linen during the day due to the presence of epithelial cells. The secretion of mucus, which does not have a strong odor and does not cause discomfort, is also confirmation of the normal functioning of the ovaries.

During the day, a woman may secrete approximately 2 ml of secretion. Don't worry if it has a white tint, as this is a result of cleaning the vagina. The structure and quantity are directly related to the phases of the menstrual cycle.

1. From 1 to 7 days. A secretion of a pink or brown hue is released, which increases in volume from the second to third days and may be accompanied by the release of clots. By the fifth day, the release of this type of secretion decreases, and for some it disappears completely.
2. From 5 to 14 days. During this period, the egg matures. There is no significant appearance of leucorrhoea at this time; it can be released up to about 2 ml per day. Color may vary from white to yellow.
3. From 14 to 15 days. Ovulation period. This period is characterized by the greatest secretion of mucus due to estrogen reaching its maximum level. Often at this time, watery discharge is observed, as well as sticky and more stretchy discharge.
4. From 16 to 28 days. Premenstrual period. The work of the reproductive system subsides, the volume of secretion released becomes smaller, but at the end of the cycle a new surge is possible.

In addition, such a phenomenon may be the result of climate change, a stressful situation, the use of hormonal drugs, allergies and failure to comply with hygiene rules.

Watery discharge like water in the first weeks is a sign of pregnancy. But if an unpleasant odor is added to them, this is a sure sign of infection in the body.

Important! Liquid, transparent discharge in the third trimester is a “bell” about the possibility of premature birth.

White discharge

In general, white secretion is also considered normal for the female body. But there are enough signs that signal pathology.

These signs are normal. Their quantity is insignificant, and as well as consistency varies depending on the menstrual cycle. They are harmless: they do not irritate the mucous membrane, external genitalia and skin. Rather, they perform beneficial properties: they cleanse the walls of the uterus and vagina from germs.

White liquid discharge is the result of gland secretion. They are responsible for several functions important for the female body.

1. Hydration. When moving, the body serves as a barrier to mechanical damage. This reduces the risk of injury during sexual intercourse.
2. Exchange and nutrition. The glandular secretion takes part in metabolic processes, thereby providing cells with useful substances and destroying unnecessary products.
3. Cleansing. The layered structure of the vaginal epithelium regularly gets rid of the top layer, and new cells are formed in the same place. The secretion produced washes away the obsolete layer from the surface.
4. Protection. With good immunity, thanks to leucorrhoea, the mucous membrane copes well with inflammatory processes. The glandular structures produce more secretion, which prevents microbes from penetrating deeper into the layers.

Sour smell of discharge

This symptom indicates the presence of thrush in the body. Another confirmation is the fact that they are curd. General signs may be blurred and occasionally appear.

Often, this type of phenomenon is caused by several main factors: hormonal changes in the body, pregnancy, stressful situations, increased fatigue and overwork. Thrush can also be a consequence of eating spicy food, allergies, climate change, taking antibacterial drugs, or damage to the mucous membrane during sexual intercourse. Undoubtedly, this phenomenon is influenced by wearing low-quality synthetic underwear and non-compliance with hygiene rules.

Important! The treatment of thrush should be handled exclusively by a doctor; only he can adequately determine the causes and prescribe the correct treatment. Douching with soda, chamomile and potassium permanganate can lead to complications.

Such a manifestation of the body indicates the presence of negative reasons. The presence of a mucous secretion similar to snot requires mandatory and immediate examination in several cases.

If leucorrhoea comes out in copious amounts, then most likely this is a sign of thrush. If they are accompanied by an unpleasant odor, it may be bacterial vaginosis. We can definitely say that the presence of these signs indicates problems with women’s health.

White discharge, itching and causes

Thrush and bacterial vaginosis also cause these symptoms. The reasons for which can be various factors: hidden infections, diabetes, poor nutrition. The presence of these signs prevents a woman from leading a full life. To get rid of an unpleasant illness, you need to consult a specialist. In this case, doctors prescribe pills and vaginal suppositories. Bacterial vaginosis can only be determined by undergoing appropriate tests.

Thick white discharge

The appearance of thick leucorrhoea can be prevented. But for this it is important to follow some guidelines.

• do not douche with chloride preparations;
• you should not change sexual partners frequently;
• Before using any medications, carefully study the instructions;
• Observe hygiene rules and change pads more often during menstruation.

Yellow discharge

If yellow leucorrhoea does not cause any discomfort and is not accompanied by unpleasant symptoms, then most likely there is no reason to worry. Although, according to experts, the norm for secretion is white and transparent, in many cases it turns yellow when it gets on underwear. Therefore, we do not necessarily have to talk about the inflammatory process. Perhaps the reason lies in changes in hormonal levels, taking birth control pills and stress. Also, the release of yellow secretion with clots can be observed after sexual intercourse, if the semen gets into the vagina.

Yellow discharge with odor

Yellowish discharge with an odor most often indicates sexually transmitted diseases. Their causative agents are microorganisms that provoke discomfort, burning and inflammation. In addition, the woman experiences severe itching and irritation. In some cases, the disease is combined with other infections.

1. Chlamydia. Yellow discharge is noticeable when examined on the cervical canal and flows down the walls of the vagina.
2. Trichomoniasis. The secreted secretion has a rotten odor, is foamy in structure, and abundant in volume.
3. Gonorrhea. The discharge is not particularly large. They are yellow-white in color, sometimes brown streaks appear or bloody secretions appear. A woman may feel nagging pain in the lumbar region.
4. Thrush. Curdled yellow-white discharge with a sour odor.
5. Ureaplasmosis and mycoplasmosis. In appearance they resemble normal vaginal discharge. There is redness in the genital area, and the woman feels itching.
6. Bacterial vaginitis. There is a fishy smell and copious discharge.

Important! Chronic diseases: erosion of the cervix, inflammation of the uterine appendages and in the fallopian tubes are indicated by yellow discharge in small quantities.

Secretion that is brown in color often indicates the presence of blood in it. Depending on the amount of blood, the discharge gives different shades: red, pink and brown. The secreted secretion with a brown tint appears in the case of a minor source, since before it comes out, the blood coagulates and, as a result, darkens.

The causes of brown discharge can be different. This phenomenon is accompanied by many factors. Let's consider in what situations it is safe and when a doctor is required.

1. Mechanical damage to the mucosa. These include douching, abortion, cauterization, erosion, and birth trauma. If damage occurred during gynecological manipulations, the doctor must warn the patient about this. Brown discharge often does not require special treatment; after injury, the epithelium recovers on its own.
2. Intermenstrual period. Occurs due to hormonal disorders or taking contraceptives.
3. Inflammatory changes. The mucous membranes become more sensitive and are easily injured, and as a result they begin to bleed.
4. Intrauterine device. In the place where the spiral is attached there is a small area of ​​inflammation, so the epithelium can easily be injured. If this phenomenon occurs on an ongoing basis, it is necessary to remove the spiral.

In addition, pseudo-erosion can also cause brown discharge. The mucous membrane where the ectopia is located is usually inflamed and may bleed. If brown secretion appears after a delay, then you need to take a pregnancy test. During the postpartum period, women secrete lochia, which also has different colors from red to brown. They go away on their own and do not require treatment.

Important! But still, brown discharge deserves special attention, since sometimes it can be the cause of a polyp, endometriosis or fibroids.

Often, almost all discharge is a consequence of the inflammatory process of the cervix, fallopian tubes, vagina and ovaries. The green tint of the secretion is due to the content of leukocytes. Discharges of this nature are called leukorrhea, often a manifestation of a bacterial infection.

Symptoms of pathological discharge:

• copious discharge with a specific color, independent of the day of the menstrual cycle;
• the secreted secretion can be of any color, appears before menstruation or in the middle of the cycle, and is also accompanied by a burning sensation, unpleasant odor and pain in the abdomen;
• spotting before and after menstruation, which can be expressed as bleeding in the middle of the menstrual cycle;
• a sharp decrease or increase in bleeding during menstruation.

Green discharge without odor

Greenish, odorless discharge may be caused by bacterial vaginosis. The causes of this disease are many factors: stress, taking antibacterial drugs, weak immunity, pregnancy, and insufficient care of the intimate area.

Bacterial vaginosis leads to a disruption in the composition of the microflora and tests can show gardnerellosis. With this disease, a gray-white or green secretion is released, it has a fishy smell, which peels off as a film. The disease also results in painful urination and pain during sexual intercourse.

Another cause of green secretion is trichomoniasis. This disease is difficult to diagnose; it produces a small amount of secretion, and the irritation of the genital organs is not particularly strong.

The next reason is acute inflammation. In diseases that are chronic in nature, leucorrhoea may not be very pronounced. If the disease is at the initial stage of development, you should expect heavy discharge. In some inflammatory processes, the temperature may rise from 37 to 37.5 °C.

Important! Green discharge requires the intervention of a doctor.

Causes of purulent discharge

It is the green and yellow-green secretion, for which proper treatment was not received, that is the cause of purulent discharge. In other words, we can say that these are complications of certain diseases.

• trichomoniasis;
• vaginitis;
• acute inflammatory processes of the ovaries, fallopian tubes and cervix.

Important! Purulent discharge should not be left without proper attention! This is the first “call” about visiting a gynecologist.

Prevention

To avoid pathological discharge, it is worth paying the necessary attention to prevention. When having sexual intercourse (if you doubt your sexual partner), be sure to use condoms - this will help prevent the risk of sexually transmitted infections.

Pay special attention to your diet, it should be balanced. Eating sweets in large quantities provokes candidiasis. Include more probiotic foods in your diet that help normalize microflora.

Use special products for intimate hygiene. Scented gels cause irritation, which leads to many diseases. Also, forget about using scented pads and tampons. Give preference to cotton products, avoid synthetics.

The presence of a small amount of vaginal discharge in women is a normal physiological phenomenon. But their abundance, uncharacteristic color or unpleasant odor may be a symptom of a gynecological disease....

The appearance of specific discharge from the genital tract and urethra is a reason to suspect the presence of a sexually transmitted infection.

In women, as a rule, with STDs, discharge is more pronounced than in men. Vaginal discharge in women is normal if it does not cause discomfort. If they are formed in small quantities and do not have a specific odor or color. Men should not have any discharge.

It is important to know that sexually transmitted infections almost always cause discomfort in the genital area. And are accompanied by specific secretions.

The period of development of the disease and the time of appearance of discharge for different infections is individual. The manifestation of symptoms depends on the state of a person’s immunity.

• Discharge from STDs in women

What types of discharge are there for STDs?

With STIs, the types of discharge depend on the specific disease.

If there is a sexually transmitted infection, they can be mucous, purulent or mixed in nature. In some cases, they may even contain blood.

It is impossible to tell with certainty what kind of infection it is by the appearance of the discharge. A diagnosis must be carried out.

In some cases, a combination of several sexually transmitted infections is possible. In this situation, therapy will be aimed at destroying all detected pathogens. Under no circumstances should you self-diagnose or self-medicate. Only a doctor, after a thorough examination, can prescribe effective treatment.

Discharge from STDs in women

Leucorrhoea in women is divided into physiological (which is normal) and pathological. With a normal type of discharge, they contain: mucus, dead epithelial and microbial cells, secretions produced by Bartholin's glands. The chemical composition is represented by the presence of glycogen and lactic acid. The structure of leucorrhoea is mucous, transparent or whitish.

They can be homogeneous or in the form of small lumps, without a specific odor, up to 5 ml per day.

• For the first time, mucous discharge may appear in a girl during the neonatal period. This is due to the presence of maternal hormones in the baby's body. By the age of one month, the child’s discharge disappears and resumes only after the body begins to produce estrogens (at about 8-11 years). Mucus secretion occurs periodically.
• During puberty, with the onset of menstruation, the appearance of discharge is associated with the cyclical nature of the process. From the first day to the middle of the cycle, they are usually few in number, have a watery or mucous consistency, and a homogeneous or slightly lumpy structure. By the middle of the cycle, their character changes, their quantity increases, they become viscous, and may have a beige tint.
• In the period after ovulation, the discharge acquires a jelly-like structure and acquires a sour smell, the appearance of which is associated with increased activity of lactobacilli. A large amount of lactic acid, associated with the activity of lactobacilli, helps protect the vagina from infection. By the beginning of menstruation, the volume of leucorrhoea becomes larger.
• When pregnancy occurs, there is a lot of discharge, it has a liquid consistency, transparent or whitish.

Discharge due to STDs: pathological leucorrhoea

Infection of a woman leads to the appearance of specific discharge from the vagina and urethra. Unlike physiological discharge, STD discharge is accompanied by an unpleasant odor.

They may have a cheesy or watery consistency and a yellowish or greenish color, which indicates the presence of pus. The causes of pathological leucorrhoea are most often explained by the presence of inflammatory processes in the urogenital system. They are caused by an STI or a nonspecific infection. Tumors of the genital organs and injuries can also lead to the appearance of copious discharge. Also allergic to latex, lubricants, hygienic care products for the genitals. Discharges can have different origins. They are: vaginal; cervical (they will be scanty and thick); uterine and tubal (voluminous and watery).

Features of discharge during STIs in men

A healthy man should have very little discharge. If their number increases, you should visit a urologist or venereologist. The appearance of discharge may indicate that a man is infected with sexually transmitted infections.

The nature of the discharge may differ in quantity, structure, color, and transparency. They can be abundant or insignificant, cloudy, green or yellow in color. They may include elements of blood and pus, and be accompanied by discomfort in the form of burning and itching during urination.

Can there be urethral discharge without an STD?

For women and men, slight discharge from the urethra is allowed. Typically they are:

• transparent and odorless;
• not accompanied by discomfort (in the form of itching and burning) and pain;
• there is no discomfort when urinating.

The appearance of transparent vaginal discharge is possible in women in the middle of the menstrual cycle, during pregnancy. Also during sexual arousal.

In men, the same discharge may occur during sexual intercourse. There is no need to be afraid of them as long as there are no feelings of discomfort, hyperemia of the mucous membrane and various types of rashes. Otherwise, you should visit a doctor.

The presence of pathological leucorrhoea may be a symptom of a nonspecific inflammatory process in the urethra. It can be provoked by streptococcal or staphylococcal infection, as well as E. coli.

Features of discharge with cystitis

Cystitis is an inflammation of the bladder, which is caused by an infection, including a genital infection. The disease may be accompanied by the appearance of leucorrhoea, which has a specific odor and color. At first it may be a small discharge, which gradually becomes purulent in nature. If they take on a brown coloration, this indicates pathological changes in the mucous layer of the bladder. When bleeding occurs, the process takes on a hemorrhagic form. A common cause of this pathology is a viral infection.

Can discharge occur with urethritis?

The cause of increased discharge may be an inflammatory process in the urethra (urethritis) caused by an STI. The nature of the discharge may change. From white, appearing at the very beginning of the inflammatory process, to yellow-purulent and brown.

If discharge appears from the urethra, you should consult a doctor as soon as possible. To avoid the spread of infection along the ascending path.

Is prostatitis accompanied by discharge?

Prostatitis is an inflammatory process of the prostate gland, which can be caused by an STD. If a man has a stringy discharge from the urethra, then this is one of the signs of the development of prostatitis. If there is a discharge of mucus with pus, then we are most likely talking about a sexually transmitted infection. The presence of pus indicates an exacerbation of the inflammatory process.

The discharge, depending on the type of infection and the severity of the disease, may be yellow, green or brown. They may also be accompanied by an unpleasant odor. If you start the process, it can provoke impotence and lead to infertility.

Features of discharge during STDs

With different diseases, the nature of leucorrhoea may differ. Can sexually transmitted infections occur without discharge, and for which STDs does their character practically not change? Let's try to figure out how to determine what kind of infection it is by the nature of the leucorrhoea.

Discharge and other STD symptoms

There are several symptoms of STDs. If they appear, you should immediately contact a venereologist to begin timely treatment.

Each STD has certain symptoms. Manifestations such as discharge can be of a different nature. An increase in temperature is not a necessary sign for many infections. The same applies to rashes and enlarged lymph nodes. Therefore, in order to find out the nature of the disease, the doctor has to take into account the totality of available signs.

When will discharge go away after STD treatment?

The discharge can stop only when it ceases to be pathological. If they are associated with an STD, they will go away only after completing a full course of treatment, which will be prescribed by a venereologist based on the results of the examination.

The timing of the disappearance of discharge depends on many factors: the type of infection, the stage of development of the process, the effectiveness of the selected therapy. As a rule, already in the first days after starting treatment, women notice a decrease in the amount of discharge. And after a week they may stop completely. This should not serve as a signal to stop taking the medication, but rather to complete treatment to the end.

If you stop taking medications ahead of time, the pathogens remaining in the body will begin to multiply rapidly and become resistant to these drugs. And a relapse is possible in the near future. We can talk about complete recovery only after a complete course of treatment. And repeated laboratory testing for the presence of the pathogen.

Can discharge from STDs go away on its own?

If the appearance of leucorrhoea is caused by an STI, then the treatment of such a disease must be approached with full responsibility. Under no circumstances should you prescribe medications on your own without knowing the cause of the pathology. If you leave everything as it is, the process may take a chronic course and the symptoms will not fully manifest themselves. Therefore, it becomes clear why the discharge disappears without treatment. But under certain conditions, relapse is not long in coming.

If you suspect an STD, contact a competent venereologist.

Unusual vaginal discharge includes:
bloody brown discharge, green, white, yellow, smelly, foamy or thin discharge.

A certain amount of fluid that flows from a woman's genitals is normal. The walls of the vagina and cervix contain glands that produce a small amount of secretion, which irrigates and cleanses the vagina and prevents infection. This is normal discharge and is usually clear or slightly cloudy, slimy or watery, and does not have an unpleasant odor. Vaginal discharge occurs in all healthy women and is normal.

Signs of normal, healthy vaginal discharge:

• They are liquid, transparent (mucus, jelly-like)
• The amount of discharge is insignificant
• No noticeable odor
• They do not irritate the skin and mucous membranes of the genital organs and are not accompanied by any symptoms of the disease (itching, temperature, pain, discomfort in the genital area).

The amount of normal vaginal discharge and its consistency may vary depending on the phase of the menstrual cycle and the woman's condition. Vaginal secretions increase at certain times of the menstrual cycle (around the middle of the cycle, at the time of ovulation), during breastfeeding, or during sexual arousal. An increase in vaginal discharge in healthy women may occur due to stress, changes in climate conditions, or the use of certain medications (for example, hormonal contraceptives).

An increase in the amount of vaginal discharge (more abundant and thin) is observed during pregnancy and gradually increases towards the end of pregnancy. The intensification of vaginal discharge in pregnant women is explained by an increase in the concentration of sex hormones during this period.

An increase in the amount of secretion, an abnormal odor or change in consistency, or pain, itching or burning that accompanies vaginal discharge may be signs of infection or other more serious conditions.

Beli - excessive or unusual in nature (smell, color, consistency, quantity) discharge (profuse milky-white, yellow-green, ichorous, liquid or thick, odorless, etc.), causing itching, burning and a constant feeling of wetness.

Pathological vaginal discharge - leucorrhoea - can be very diverse in color (red-bloody, brown, gray, black, whitish, greenish, yellowish, pink), consistency (jelly-like, curdled, foamy) with or without odor. Leucorrhoea may be accompanied by other symptoms (itching, irritation, pain) or may be the only symptom of the disease.

Unlike leucorrhoea, physiological vaginal discharge is light and light. Usually they do not cause irritation to the skin and mucous membrane of the genital organs; their number increases slightly before menstruation, during pregnancy and the postpartum period, and in girls - during puberty. The total amount of secretion that accumulates in the vagina during the day does not normally exceed 1 ml and is not felt.

The main causes of vaginal discharge and diseases that cause leucorrhoea

Leucorrhoea is one of the most common symptoms of gynecological diseases, associated with a quantitative or qualitative change in the secretion of the genital organs.

Causes of discharge: inflammatory processes, infections, injuries, tumors of various locations. The nature of leucorrhoea is determined by its origin (tubal, uterine and vaginal leucorrhoea is liquid, cervical leucorrhoea is mucous). An admixture of pus usually indicates an inflammatory process, and blood - the development of a tumor.

Leucorrhoea often appears with various gynecological (for example, adnexitis, vaginitis, colpitis) and other diseases. Abnormal discharge can occur due to prolapse of the vaginal walls, ruptures of the perineum, douching with concentrated antiseptic solutions, long-term use of chemical contraceptives, congestion in the pelvic organs caused by constipation and a sedentary lifestyle, and violation of personal hygiene rules.

Pathological discharge from the female genital organs- a characteristic symptom of a disease of the reproductive system or a general disease of the body.

Tentatively, leucorrhoea may indicate the nature of the pathological process, for example:

• yellow, yellow-green discharge occurs with gonorrhea;
• liquid yellow, foamy - with trichomoniasis;
• white, crumbly - with thrush.

The most common causes of impaired secretion are inflammatory diseases of the genital organs, tumors of the genital organs, foreign bodies in the vagina, tendrils of intrauterine devices, contraceptive caps, pessaries, sexually transmitted diseases, sexual dysfunction, interrupted coitus, masturbation, diabetes mellitus, diseases of the cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, cystitis, urethritis, long-term use of chemical contraception, a sedentary lifestyle that causes congestion in the pelvic organs, non-compliance with the rules of personal hygiene, especially genital hygiene, etc. Leucorrhoea, regardless of the individual reaction to them , negatively affect a woman’s nervous system, leading to maceration of oozing, decreased libido, and sometimes to infertility.

Changes in the color, clarity, consistency, or odor of vaginal discharge may indicate the presence of certain diseases or conditions:

Red, bloody, brown vaginal discharge

Red vaginal discharge indicate the presence of blood in the secretion. Most often, they appear a few days before menstruation (then turn into heavy discharge characteristic of menstruation) and can persist for several days after the cessation of menstruation. If the bleeding is not heavy and approximately coincides with menstruation, then there is no need to worry. In women wearing an IUD, every month, a few days before menstruation, light spotting may appear from the vagina.

Often, bloody leucorrhoea has a brown or even blackish tint, the occurrence of which is associated with the oxidation and destruction of blood in the vagina.

If there is very little blood in the discharge, then it acquires a pink or brownish tint (spotting). Usually normal (perimenstrual spotting) does not have an unpleasant odor.

Rarely, slight vaginal bleeding may occur in the middle of the menstrual cycle (bleeding during ovulation) or in women wearing the IUD or taking oral contraceptives (the lower the dose of estrogen hormones, the heavier the bleeding). If blood appears while taking contraceptives or wearing an intrauterine device, you should consult a gynecologist.

More or less profuse bloody leucorrhoea, not associated with menstruation, almost always indicates the presence of disease. Most often, red discharge is observed with:

• Cervical erosions or cancer (red or pink discharge that gets worse after intercourse)
• Menstrual irregularities
• Adenomyosis (endometriosis)

If you experience bleeding from the vagina that is not associated with menstruation, you should consult a doctor as soon as possible.

More abundant single (and sudden) bleeding can be caused by spontaneous miscarriage in early pregnancy. With an ectopic pregnancy, bleeding can be very heavy and prolonged, and it can be confused with menstruation. If, against the background of bloody discharge, possible signs of pregnancy are detected, you should consult a doctor as soon as possible.

Whitish, white, or yellow vaginal discharge

Whitish or yellow vaginal discharge is characteristic of various genital tract infections. The whitish or yellow color (less often green or gray) of leucorrhoea is usually associated with the presence of a large number of microbes and leukocytes (purulent discharge).

Purulent (white, gray, greenish) vaginal discharge

Purulent (white, gray, greenish) leucorrhoea is observed with trichomoniasis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, thrush and some other infections. Typically, purulent discharge from the genital tract is accompanied by more or less severe itching and a feeling of discomfort in the genital area. Often the discharge is accompanied by pain in the lower abdomen or lower back.

In pregnant women, normal vaginal discharge towards the end of pregnancy may become quite viscous and whitish in color - this is normal, and there is no need to worry if there are no other signs of illness.

Foamy, curdled, thick vaginal discharge

A change in the consistency of vaginal secretions is also a sign of illness. Normal vaginal discharge, as mentioned above, should be quite thin and mucus-like. Foamy or white, curdled leucorrhoea is most often a sign of infection.

Vaginal discharge with an unpleasant odor

The appearance of an unpleasant odor (most often such discharge is purulent or cheesy) is also a sign of infection. Unpleasant odor (fishy odor, rotten odor, sour odor) is associated with the activity of pathogenic microbes that decompose nutrients and release gases with an unpleasant odor.

Vaginal discharge before and after sex

When sexually aroused, the glands of the vaginal vestibule in women begin to actively produce so-called vaginal lubrication. Therefore, the presence of liquid transparent discharge immediately before or during sex is normal.

Appearance thick, copious discharge(possibly with an unpleasant odor) immediately after sex (or on the second day) may be associated with cleansing the vagina of sperm (this is possible if sexual intercourse was complete, the man had an orgasm and did not use a condom). As a rule, such discharge stops quickly.

Appearance bloody vaginal discharge during sexual intercourse or immediately after it may indicate the presence of cervical erosion.

Appearance white, yellow, greenish gray or purulent leucorrhoea a few days or weeks after sex may indicate the development of an infection.

Leucorrhoea in infectious diseases

Vaginal discharge is a common symptom of several sexually transmitted diseases in women, most of which are sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

Vaginal discharge due to trichomoniasis

Vaginitis with trichomoniasis manifests itself copious foamy leucorrhoea, often with an unpleasant odor. Long-term (chronic) vaginitis is accompanied by thick white or yellow leucorrhoea. As a rule, discharge from urogenital trichomoniasis is combined with unbearable itching in the area of ​​the external genitalia. The diagnosis of urogenital trichomoniasis is never made on the basis of symptoms alone; to make a diagnosis of trichomoniasis, the following studies must be performed:

Examination under a microscope of a native (unstained) vaginal smear
Examination under a microscope of a vaginal smear stained with special dyes
The cultural method of research is the cultivation of colonies of microorganisms obtained from the vagina on special nutrient media with subsequent study of the resulting cultures.
PCR (polymerase chain reaction) is a research method based on the study of the genetic material of Trichomonas vaginalis.

Vaginal discharge due to bacterial vaginosis

Bacterial vaginosis is the most common condition that causes foul-smelling discharge. The cause of the development of bacterial vaginosis is the excessive growth of bacteria on the vaginal mucosa, which are normally present inside in small quantities (synonymous with vaginal dysbiosis). These bacteria include: Gardenerella vaginalis, Bacteroides, Peptococci, etc.
Women with bacterial vaginosis develop white discharge with an unpleasant “fishy” odor (fishy smell). As with trichomoniasis, the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis cannot be made based on symptoms alone. Diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis is based on the following research methods:

pH-metry. Normally, the vagina has an acidic environment, while with bacterial vaginosis the environment becomes alkaline.
Microscopic examination of unstained vaginal smears
Examination under a microscope of vaginal smears stained with special dyes
When a diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis is made, the attending physician prescribes treatment.

Vaginal discharge due to vaginal candidiasis (thrush)

Urogenital candidiasis (thrush) is an inflammatory disease of the genital organs in women and men, caused by fungi of the genus Candida. Women with candidiasis (thrush) develop thick white vaginal discharge (specific cheesy discharge) with a sour or bready odor. Other symptoms of urogenital candidiasis in women are discomfort and itching in the genital area, often accompanied by cramps and pain when urinating. Diagnosis of thrush is carried out on the basis of the following studies:

Examination of native (unstained) vaginal smears under a microscope
Microscopic examination of stained vaginal smears
Mycological examination - identifying the type of fungus that causes thrush.

Self-medication of the above infectious diseases of the genital area is not recommended. Often Leucorrhoea can be caused by several infections at once, for example, a combination of bacterial vaginosis and candidiasis. In such cases, treatment should be carried out according to special schemes and determined only by the attending physician based on the test results obtained.

Discharge before and after menstruation

Normally, discharge before menstruation intensifies, becomes thicker, and may acquire a yellowish tint. Brown discharge is also normal a day or two before menstruation and immediately after the end of menstruation, if this discharge is associated with menstruation. Excessive brown leucorrhoea long before or after menstruation can be associated with diseases such as endometriosis, endometritis, endocervicitis, etc.

Vaginal discharge during pregnancy

Vaginal discharge in early pregnancy

Vaginal discharge may be heavier than usual in early pregnancy, but this is normal as long as it remains clear, does not have an unpleasant odor, and is not accompanied by other symptoms such as itching or pain in the genital area.

Appearance brown or bloody Vaginal discharge in early pregnancy may indicate spontaneous miscarriage and ectopic pregnancy.

Purulent or whitish, white Vaginal discharge in early pregnancy may indicate an infection.

Vaginal discharge in late pregnancy

During mid-pregnancy and later stages, normal discharge may become more viscous and thick. Suddenly appeared brown or bloody discharge may indicate an incipient miscarriage or premature birth, so immediately if blood is detected, you should seek help from a doctor. Brown vaginal discharge during pregnancy may indicate slight bleeding from the vessels of the cervix and also require examination by a doctor.

Discharge after childbirth

During the week after childbirth, regardless of whether the birth occurred naturally or there was a cesarean section, profuse bloody discharge similar to menstruation - lochia - is observed, over time their quantity decreases, there may be an admixture of ichor in the blood - this is normal if they do not have an unpleasant odor and no severe abdominal pain. Normally, lochia persists for up to 3 weeks, maximum 4 weeks after birth. For longer discharge, you should consult a gynecologist.

Treatment for vaginal discharge

Treatment of leucorrhoea with folk remedies

Only a few folk remedies are applicable in the treatment of vaginal discharge, but only in combination with traditional medicines. Thus, in the treatment of recurrent (repeating repeatedly) candidiasis (thrush), an infusion of calendula officinalis (marigold) is used for douching between the use of vaginal tablets or suppositories.

Treatment of leucorrhoea with folk remedies according to folk recipes is dangerous because the undiagnosed (undefined) disease that caused this discharge becomes chronic, its symptoms are erased, diagnosis of the disease becomes very difficult, and treatment becomes more complicated (treatment is longer and requires the use of more stronger drugs).

Before prescribing any folk recipes, you need to know your exact diagnosis and take into account the contraindications of the folk remedies used.

Which doctor should I contact if I have unusual vaginal discharge?

If leucorrhoea appears from the genitals, you should immediately consult a gynecologist.

- This is a natural process of the genitourinary system, consistency and color may vary depending on the menstrual cycle. The main thing is that there is no foreign smell or discomfort. A radical change in the color of the secreted fluid, up to a black secretion, the appearance of a pungent odor and painful sensations indicate the development of serious diseases.

The uncharacteristic color and pungent odor of the discharge should alert you

Normal discharge in women

The constant presence of secretions from the vagina is a physiological process that is the norm. In a healthy woman, discharge can change color, consistency and abundance depending on the menstrual cycle.

The following types of vaginal secretions are considered natural:

• transparent, mucous consistency, moderate amount, profuseness appears before ovulation, and in the middle of the cycle, the vaginal fluid is yellowish and watery;
• discharge similar to cream or jelly appears in large quantities at the beginning of the menstrual cycle;
• minimal secretion of jelly-like or creamy secretion is a feature of the 2nd half of the menstrual period;
• liquid white or transparent - may appear in a woman after sexual intercourse;
• leucorrhoea with bloody streaks is observed before the onset of ovulation;
• Brown vaginal secretions are possible when you start taking hormonal-based contraceptive medications.

Clear discharge appears before ovulation

During pregnancy, white or colorless, odorless discharge should be normal. During the entire period of gestation, their quantity can vary from scanty to abundant.

The main condition for white, transparent, pink or brown discharge is the absence of an extraneous foul odor. The consistency may change, thickness and abundance too, but normal vaginal secretions in healthy girls and women never smell rotten or fishy.

What types of discharge are there?

Unnatural secretion from the female organs is a symptom of inflammatory or infectious diseases of the genitourinary system. Vaginal discharge that has an uncharacteristic odor, color and consistency is considered pathological.

Highlights by color

The norm for discharge is white (uniform consistency, moderate amount) or transparent color. If the fluid from the vagina becomes cloudy and also contains impurities of pus or blood, we are talking about serious disorders in the reproductive system.

Table “Types of vaginal discharge by color”

A change in the color of vaginal discharge is the first sign of inflammation and pathologies in the reproductive organs. If, in addition to the unnatural shade, the discharge has become much larger, the consistency has changed, and the woman feels pain, pain in the lower abdomen and itching in the intimate area, she should immediately go to the gynecologist.

By smell

Natural, healthy vaginal fluid is virtually odorless. The appearance of a stench is a sign of inflammation that occurs as a result of a bacterial infection or disease in the pelvic organs.

Pathology can be identified by a specific smell:

1. A sour odor from the vagina may appear after a change in sexual partner or be a consequence of changes in the microflora due to stress, hormonal disorders, or decreased immunity. If the stench is accompanied by milky or curd discharge with white lumps, this is thrush. A greenish or yellowish tint of leucorrhoea with an odor is a symptom of sexually transmitted diseases.
2. Putrefactive - most often accompanies inflammation in the vaginal mucosa (colpitis) and in the genitourinary organs (gardnerellosis). Advanced pathologies in the uterus and cervical canal can also manifest as purulent and sanguineous discharge.
3. A rotten fishy smell is present when dysbacteriosis develops in the genitals. The stench is sharp and persistent, especially after sexual intercourse, and the discharge is thick, with a grayish tint. The development of acute inflammation due to the entry of anaerobic bacteria into the genitourinary system is also characterized by the rotten smell of the discharge.
4. The smell of iron from the vagina appears with erosions of the cervix. Vaginal secretions often contain streaks of blood after sexual intercourse. This occurs due to mechanical trauma to the endometrium.
5. The smell of acetone or vinegar is common in women with diabetes. A stench may also indicate a lack of fluid in the body, disruptions in metabolic processes, a genitourinary infection or hormonal imbalance.

Fungal infections and the presence of pathogenic microorganisms in the vaginal microflora are indicated by discharge, the stench of which resembles garlic, onions or yeast. But a sweetish smell is not a pathology and most often occurs due to excessive consumption of sweet fruits, chocolates, and marshmallows.

By consistency and structure

In addition to smell and color, discharge changes its structure and consistency at different times of the menstrual cycle. In its normal state, it is a watery and liquid secretion. In the middle of the cycle, the consistency becomes mucous or jelly-like, sometimes like snot. If negative changes begin to occur in the genitourinary system, the discharge changes its character, based on the specific pathology.

1. Thick, curdled vaginal fluid with flaky or granular lumps is observed with thrush.
2. Abundant foamy discharge occurs with sexually transmitted diseases (trichomoniasis). The mucus is viscous and stretchy.
3. A scanty, creamy, yellowish fluid is characteristic of gonorrhea.
4. Sticky, dirty mucus, which has an adhesive and thread-like consistency, accompanies acute colpitis, advanced inflammation of the cervix, infection with staphylococcus, E. coli.
5. Severe gelatinous, mushy or stringy leucorrhoea from the female organs is a sign of endocervicitis. Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the cervix can occur with purulent secretion and bloody streaks.

Very scanty or dry discharge is observed during menopause. In this case, a small amount of blood may be present in the secretion. What normal and atypical discharge looks like is shown in the photo.

Thick white discharge indicates thrush

Normal female discharge

Which doctor should I contact?

In case of pathological changes in the structure and consistency of vaginal secretions or the appearance of an odor, you should consult a doctor. Problems of the genitourinary system in women.

After examination and thorough diagnosis, you may need to consult other highly specialized specialists:

• (for venereal pathologies);
• (if a cyst or tumor develops);
• (when the abundance and smell of discharge are associated with allergic reactions of the body).

Diagnostics

To determine the cause of discharge with an unpleasant odor and consistency, the gynecologist prescribes a comprehensive examination:

• visual and internal gynecological examination;
• a smear from the vagina, urethra and cervix;
• Ultrasound of the genitourinary system;
• colposcopy;
• general blood analysis.

Colposcopy helps to identify the cause of abnormalities

Research methods make it possible to identify pathological microorganisms in the vaginal microflora, detect cysts, lumps and growths, and inflammatory foci. In addition, diagnosis makes it possible to select the most effective therapy.

Treatment

To normalize the discharge, it is necessary to eliminate the source of pathogenic manifestations.

Based on the disease that caused bad leucorrhoea, therapy consists of several groups of drugs:

• antifungal agents (used for candidiasis) - suppositories and tablets Clotrimazole, Fluconazole, Mikomax, Flucostat, Pimafucin;
• antibacterial drugs (for bacterial vaginosis, various infections that cause inflammatory processes) - Metronidazole, Clindamycin, Ornisid;
• systemic antibiotics (for sexually transmitted diseases) – Ornidazole, Tinidazole, Metronidazole.

Clotrimazole is an antifungal agent

The drugs are selected by a specialist individually for each patient. All the characteristics of the body, the nuances of the disease and the degree of neglect are taken into account.

Prevention

Normal discharge largely depends on the hygiene and lifestyle of the woman. To prevent the appearance of atypical leucorrhoea, it is necessary to follow simple preventive measures.

1. Daily intimate hygiene in the morning and evening with moderate use of special products and minimizing douching.
2. Intelligibility in intimate life. The fewer sexual partners, the lower the risk of disruption of the vaginal microflora and infection.
3. Using contraception with an unfamiliar sexual partner.
4. Correct selection of hormonal contraceptives.
5. Active lifestyle, moderate physical activity, minimizing stress and emotional exhaustion.
6. Timely treatment of inflammatory processes in the pelvic organs.

Maintain intimate hygiene twice a day

Proper nutrition (fruits, vegetables, herbs, dairy products), drinking enough liquid, wearing natural underwear and minimizing bad habits - all this helps maintain healthy microflora in the vagina.

Leucorrhoea, a clear secretion or mucus, like snot in moderate quantities and odorless, secreted by women is a normal phenomenon. If the color changes from cloudy to dark, becomes thick, cheesy, foamy and is accompanied by a stench, we are talking about pathologies in the pelvic organs. Timely consultation with a doctor and high-quality diagnosis help prevent serious complications and quickly eliminate pathology.

Bacteriological study of microflora is a simple and effective analysis that allows you to detect pathogenic microflora in various systems. The microflora culture method is common in the gynecological, urological, oncological and surgical fields; it is also effectively used by dermatologists, gastroenterologists and otolaryngologists.

Bacterial culture helps identify pathogenic microflora

What does culture test for microflora show?

Bacterial culture is a laboratory analysis that allows you to obtain accurate information about the microflora of a specific organ or system in the body.

This study makes it possible to detect pathogenic microorganisms:

• E. coli;
• Trichomonas;
• chlamydia;
• staphylococcus;
• streptococcus;
• Pneumococcus;
• gonococcus;
• salmonella;
• listeria;
• gardenella;
• candida fungus.

Bacterial culture reveals pathogenic microorganisms, for example, chlamydia

Bakposev helps to detect nonspecific growth of microflora, helps to identify the exact number of pathogenic bacteria, and also to create an antibiogram. The test takes into account the sensitivity of microorganisms to certain antibiotics.

Indications for testing

Bacterial culture is required for the following indications:

1. Blood culture is used for fevers, chills, and suspected intravascular infections. Blood cultures for sterility are also common.
2. Stool examination is used to determine dysbiosis in cases where a simple stool analysis does not reveal the causative agent of the infection.
3. Bacterial examination of urine is carried out for infections of the genitourinary system and urinary tract: cystitis, urethritis, pyelonephritis, etc.
4. Sputum collection is required when diagnosing diseases of the lower respiratory tract, as well as tuberculosis.
5. A smear from the ENT organs is taken for inflammatory bacterial diseases of the ear, upper and lower respiratory tract.
6. Analysis of the urethra in men reveals sexually transmitted diseases, infectious diseases of the reproductive system and causes of infertility.
7. Vaginal analysis is done in gynecology for inflammatory processes in the genitourinary system, for infertility, and also during pregnancy planning.

Culture test for cystitis

Preparing for bacterial sowing

In order for the results of a bacterial study to be accurate and informative, it is necessary to follow the rules for preparing for the analysis. These rules vary depending on the organ receiving the material.

1-2 days before taking a smear from the vagina or cervical canal, women should not:

• have sex;
• douche;
• use gels and soaps for intimate hygiene;
• use vaginal forms of drugs;
• wash in the bathroom.

Do not use intimate hygiene gels before taking a vaginal smear

Before the procedure, you should not wash your face, and it is also advisable not to urinate in the last 2-3 hours before the procedure.

To take a smear from the urethra in men, the following preparation is required:

• stop taking medications prohibited by your urologist within a week;
• exclude sexual contacts for 2 days;
• in the evening before the examination, thoroughly wash the genitals;
• 2-3 hours before the collection, try not to empty your bladder.

When inoculating flora from the oral cavity, you should:

• do not use antibiotics for a week;
• give up antimicrobial sprays and rinses in 2-3 days;
• do not eat in the morning before the examination;
• do not drink 2 hours before the test;
• do not brush your teeth, do not gargle.

Before taking bacterial cultures from the oral cavity, you should not brush your teeth.

Sperm collection for analysis requires:

• abstaining from sex for 5-7 days;
• giving up alcoholic beverages for 3-4 days;
• ban on antibiotics for 2 weeks;
• careful hygiene of the genital organs before collecting material.

Submitting feces and urine for bacterial culture requires careful hygiene of the relevant organs and maximum sterility when collecting material. Women should not take tests during menstruation: the presence of blood impurities in the test material will distort the result.

When analyzing nasal microflora, the use of nasal sprays, drops and ointments should be avoided 3-4 hours before taking a smear.

Collecting sputum, blood and ear smears do not require special preparation: for these tests it is enough not to use antibiotics a week before the test.

How is bacteriological research carried out?

For bacterial culture, various secretions from the human body are taken:

• sputum;
• sperm;
• blood;
• urine;
• mucus from the upper respiratory tract;
• discharge from the cervical canal, vagina;
• pus;
• contents of wounds, ulcers and erosions.

The method of conducting a bacteriological examination depends on the sampling organ: a smear from the ENT organs is obtained faster and easier than material from the urethra or vagina.