Acetylsalicylic acid: instructions for use. Acetylsalicylic acid - All about Aspirin, indications and contraindications

You should consult your doctor before using acetylsalicylic acid. These instructions for use of this drug are intended for informational purposes only.

Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) is a medicinal drug that is on the list of drugs of the World Health Organization. One of the most popular and most common medications. Acetylsalicylic acid, the indications for which have long been well studied, is an effective and affordable remedy.

pharmachologic effect

Almost every person knows several ways to use aspirin and what acetylsalicylic acid can cure. The main properties of the drug are: analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory. The medicine blocks the absorption of platelets (has an antiplatelet effect). This drug is also used in the treatment of rheumatic diseases.

Aspirin affects capillary permeability and reduces it.
The medicine limits the energy supply to the site of inflammation and reduces the activity of enzymes (hyaluronic acid). These properties help acetylsalicylic acid have an anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effect.
Due to the influence of aspirin on the center of pain sensitivity, its analgesic effect is manifested.
For headaches, the blood-thinning effect of aspirin will help reduce vascular spasms and relieve intracranial pressure, and therefore reduce pain.

Usage and release form

Acetylsalicylic acid is available in the form of regular tablets, enteric-coated tablets or effervescent tablets. This drug is used orally. It is necessary to carefully crush the medicine, take it and wash it down with plenty of liquid (not carbonated drinks, preferably milk).

Application and dosage

The dosage of aspirin primarily depends on the diagnosis.

Acetylsalicylic acid for acne

It is one of the most affordable and fastest-acting medicines. It blocks inflammation, destroying bacteria and drying the skin. For treatment, aspirin dissolved in water should be applied directly to the pimples. You can also make a face mask. In this case, you will need 3-4 tablets of acetylsalicylic acid, 5 drops of water, a teaspoon of honey. Mix all ingredients thoroughly into a paste and apply to the face. Keep the mask on for about 20 minutes, but no more, then rinse with warm water.

Do not forget that a long course of treatment can lead to dry skin. Those with dry and aging skin should be especially careful when considering this treatment. In addition, if you are intolerant to one of the components of the mask, serious irritation is possible.

Acetylsalicylic acid for headaches

Helps relieve headaches, regardless of its cause. For example, in everyday life it is customary to relieve a hangover with aspirin. But do not forget that the medicine relieves pain, and does not cure a hangover.

Aspirin is a very strong medicine, which, in addition to its benefits, also causes harm to the body, so you need to be careful in doses. The maximum aspirin an adult can take at a time is two tablets. This dose is suitable if a person needs to get rid of a headache and will not be able to rest in the near future (for example, he needs to be at school or work for a long time). If after taking aspirin you rest or sleep, then 0.5-1 tablets are enough. Aspirin is not recommended at all for young children; for adults it is better to take no more than 0.5-1 tablets. Also remember: for aspirin to work, you must take it immediately at the first sign of a headache, otherwise it will not help you.

Acetylsalicylic acid on temperature

Usually prescribed for colds. The tablets are taken after meals. The usual dosage for an adult is 0.25 to 1 gram three to four times a day. Children should reduce to 0.1-0.3 grams. In this case, the dose depends on age.

Other diseases

Aspirin will help with rheumatism, infectious-allergic myocarditis, rheumatoid polyarthritis.

The treatment is long-term. Dosage for adults: up to 3 grams per day. Children - 0.2 grams per one year of life. From the age of five, you should take 0.25 grams at a time.

Side effects

If the dose of the medicine is exceeded, serious changes can occur in the kidneys, liver, lungs and even the brain. Symptoms such as tinnitus, sweating, and hearing loss may occur. Excess medication in the body also leads to allergic reactions.

Acetylsalicylic acid, the use of which occurs without medical consultation for a long period of time, has a detrimental effect on the stomach and duodenum and causes a lack of digestive enzymes. The drug irritates the gastric mucosa, causing gastrointestinal disorders (bloating, gas and loose stools), gastric bleeding and even ulcers. Long-term use of the medicine may cause the development of anemia.

Contraindications

The first three months of pregnancy;
Children under 12 years old;
Stomach and duodenal ulcers;
Bleeding;
Portal hypertension;
Venous stagnation;
Blood clotting disorder.

Acetylsalicylic acid, instructions for which are issued along with the drug, is sold without a doctor's prescription. If self-medication with aspirin does not result in the desired changes, contact your doctor for advice and avoid complications. Be healthy!

Acetylsalicylic acid is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that has antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. Available in tablet form.

Pharmacological action of Acetylsalicylic acid

In accordance with the instructions for Acetylsalicylic acid, the active ingredient of the drug is acetylsalicylic acid. The excipients in the tablets are citric acid and potato starch.

When used, Acetylsalicylic acid has analgesic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects on the body.

Acetylsalicylic acid tablets effectively eliminate headaches, fevers, neuralgia, and rheumatism.

The anti-inflammatory property of the drug is due to its influence on the processes that occur directly at the site of inflammation.

The antipyretic property of Acetylsalicylic acid is associated with the effect of the active substance on the hypothalamic centers of the brain responsible for thermoregulation.

The analgesic property is due to the effect on the centers of the nervous system that are responsible for pain sensitivity.

The instructions for Acetylsalicylic acid indicate that the medicine inhibits the activity of the enzyme cyclooxygenase, which leads to disruption of the process of prostaglandin synthesis. Due to this, the sensitivity of peripheral nerve endings to various pain mediators is dulled, the severity of inflammation is reduced, and the effect on the thermoregulation center is reduced.

When administered orally, the medicine is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Absorption stops as the drug moves into the small intestine and acidity levels increase. Acetylsalicylic acid tablets have high bioavailability. The substance is metabolized in the liver with the formation of several metabolites. The period of complete elimination of the drug from the body depends on the age of the patient and the amount of the drug taken. In adults, this period is 4-40 hours. When taking Acetylsalicylic acid in children, the elimination time of the drug is reduced. Excreted from the body through the kidneys.

Acetylsalicylic acid freely penetrates the blood-brain barrier, into the synovial fluid, as well as breast milk.

Indications for use of Acetylsalicylic acid

Indications for Acetylsalicylic acid are:

Acute rheumatic fever, rheumatic chorea, Dressler's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis;
Diseases of the spine that are accompanied by pain syndromes (lumbago, sciatica, osteochondrosis);
Migraine, headaches, joint, muscle, menstrual and toothaches, neuralgia, osteoarthritis;
Fever syndrome;
Coronary heart disease, thromboembolism, atrial fibrillation and myocardial infarction (as a prophylactic agent);
Acute thrombophlebitis, pulmonary infarction.

Directions for use and dosage

Acetylsalicylic acid tablets should be taken orally after meals with a sufficient amount of water or milk.

In accordance with the instructions, Acetylsalicylic acid for adults is prescribed 1-2 tablets (500-1000 mg) 3-4 times a day. The daily dose should not exceed 6 tablets. The maximum duration of therapy is 2 weeks.

To improve the rheological properties of blood and as an inhibitor of platelet adhesion during myocardial infarction, ½ tablet of the drug is recommended daily. The duration of use of Acetylsalicylic acid is 2-3 months.

Acetylsalicylic acid for children aged 2-3 years is prescribed in a dosage of 100 mg, children 3-4 years old should take 150 mg, 4-5 years old - 200 mg, over 5 years old it is recommended to take 250 mg of the drug. The frequency of taking Acetylsalicylic acid for children is 3-4 times a day.

Contraindications for use

Acetylsalicylic acid is not prescribed if the patient has diseases and conditions such as:

Gastrointestinal bleeding;
Aspirin triad;
Exacerbation of erosive and ulcerative lesions of the digestive tract;
Reactions to the use of acetylsalicylic acid and other anti-inflammatory drugs in the form of urticaria and rhinitis;
Hemorrhagic diathesis;
Hemophilia;
Hypoprothrombinemia;
Portal hypertension;
Dissecting aortic aneurysm;
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency;
Vitamin K deficiency;
Kidney and liver failure;
Reye's syndrome.

Acetylsalicylic acid is also contraindicated in pregnant women, during lactation and in cases of hypersensitivity to the components of the drug.

Side effects of Acetylsalicylic acid

When using Acetylsalicylic acid, patients may experience such adverse reactions from the body as:

Nausea;
Stomach ache;
Anorexia;
Diarrhea;
Bleeding of the gastrointestinal tract;
Erosive and ulcerative lesions;
Headaches, dizziness;
Noise in ears;
Violations of the functions of the visual organs;
Anemia, thrombocytopenia;
Impaired liver and kidney functions;
Hemorrhagic syndrome;
Skin rash;
Bronchospasm;
Quincke's edema;
Increased signs of chronic heart failure;
Reye's syndrome;
Aspirin triad.

Overdose

When taking Acetylsalicylic acid tablets in quantities significantly higher than recommended, disturbances in electrolyte and acid-base balance occur.

According to reviews of Acetylsalicylic acid, patients with an overdose experience nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, visual and hearing impairment, confusion, drowsiness, tremor, and dehydration.

In rare cases, coma and metabolic acidosis have occurred during therapy with Acetylsalicylic acid.

Additional Information

Therapy with the drug should be carried out only if there are direct indications for Acetylsalicylic acid and under the supervision of the attending physician.

The instructions for Acetylsalicylic acid indicate that the medicine should be stored in a dark, cool place out of the reach of children.

Shelf life – 48 months.

Acetylsalicylic acid is available from pharmacies over the counter.

Aspirin is a “folk” medicine with many uses: it lowers the temperature, thins the blood, and moderates headaches (toothaches). Also, this wonderful pill has been taken since the 70s of the last century to prevent heart attacks, strokes and oncology. And housewives have long been able to use it even for preservation. Inexpensive and familiar medicine, time-tested: date of invention - 1838.

Acetylsalicylic acid is still a widely used medicine. It is a pain reliever and anti-inflammatory drug used to treat:

migraine;
fever;
neuralgia;
rheumatism.

Cases of childhood illnesses after taking aspirin during the flu put the antipyretic functions of this drug in second place.

The beneficial properties of aspirin include the antithrombotic and cardioprotective properties of acetylsalicylic acid.

Prevention of thrombosis and cardiovascular diseases

By suppressing platelet aggregation (through inhibition of the production of thromboxane A2) and the synthesis of prostaglandins, acetylsalicylic acid prevents the development of thrombosis and cardiovascular pathologies.

Today, aspirin is often used as a prophylaxis against thrombosis and associated dangers to the heart and blood vessels.

For the discovery in 1971 and evidence of the thinning and cardioprotective properties of acetylsalicylic acid, John Vane, an English pharmacologist, received the Nobel Prize in 1982.

Prophylactic intake of small doses of acetylsalicylic acid reduces the risk of thrombosis in the coronary and cerebral arteries, which prevents heart attack, ischemic stroke and other cardiovascular diseases.

Chewing an aspirin tablet during a myocardial infarction gives the patient a chance to survive and is used in first aid.

Controversies: swine flu, thrombosis and aspirin

A few words about the new swine flu season, in which, according to standard medical protocol, taking aspirin is not recommended.

In 2016, it leads, by the way, not only to pneumonia, but also to thrombosis.

Leonid Zhabotinsky died from a complication of swine flu - thrombosis of the intestinal arteries. Maybe acetylsalicylic acid, on the contrary, would have saved the weightlifter?

If aspirin is contraindicated, other drugs should be used for thrombosis:

Warfarin, phenylin, etc.

When choosing a medicine, you need to carefully study its composition, since a number of modern thinning drugs are based on the same acetylsalicylic acid: for example, cardiomagnyl, aspecard, cardopyrin.

Prevention of cancer with aspirin

Oxford University Professor Peter Rothwell, having examined a large group of patients, found that constant use of acetylsalicylic acid leads to a decrease in the incidence of:

cancer of the pharynx and esophagus;
bowel cancer;
lung cancer;
colon and rectal cancer.

Aspirin was taken for 5 years in small doses: 75 - 100 mg.

Later, the experiment was repeated on specific tumors and the actual effect of aspirin on gastrointestinal tumors was determined - the likelihood of cancer decreased by 20%. A reduction in the likelihood of cancer of other organs (breast, lung, etc.) when taking aspirin has not been proven.

The short duration of the effect was also established: as soon as the drug was stopped, the risk of developing cancer resumed.

Long-term prophylaxis with acetylsalicylic acid, even in small doses, can lead to intestinal gastroduodenopathy, duodenal and gastric ulcers, as well as gastrointestinal bleeding. Therefore, it is necessary to periodically take protectors for the gastrointestinal tract and monitor the level of platelets in the blood.

When is aspirin prohibited?

What is a benefit - the thinning properties of aspirin, becomes deadly in the presence of:

stomach or intestinal ulcers;
internal bleeding;
hemophilia;
thrombopenia;
impaired vascular permeability;
allergies to aspirin.

All these pathologies are contraindications for taking the drug.

Acetylsalicylic acid is strictly prohibited for uterine bleeding, heavy periods, and disintegrating tumors.
Taking aspirin for bleeding disorders and inelastic blood vessels can cause extensive hemorrhages, including in the brain.
An allergic reaction to salicylates often manifests itself in the form of bronchial asthma, and one tablet is enough to develop an allergy

Myths and misconceptions

One of the misconceptions common among the population: aspirin irritates the mucous membranes due to the acetylsalicylic acid it contains.

In fact, acetylsalicylic acid has nothing to do with the side effects of the drug on the gastrointestinal tract - this effect is characteristic of absolutely all NSAID drugs, which include aspirin.

The method of any NSAID is to block cyclooxygenase (an enzyme involved in the production of prostaglandins, which cause inflammatory processes).

There are two types of enzyme - COX-1 and COX-2.

In addition to the synthesis of prostaglandins, COX-1 also has benefits - it protects the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract, ensuring the proliferation (division) of epithelial cells.

Most drugs (and aspirin among them), except selective ones that act selectively, block both types of enzyme, which leads not only to the relief of the inflammatory process, but also to the depletion of the protective mucous layer of the gastrointestinal tract and the subsequent development of erosion phenomena.

Selective drugs (movalis, nimesulide, celecoxib) inhibit only COX-2. They are less harmful to the gastrointestinal tract, but also have side effects. Such NSAIDs are intended for long-term use and are used mainly for diseases of the joints and spine.

Second myth: A coated aspirin tablet with additives is less dangerous for the stomach and intestines than a regular one.

This bluff was intensively spread by pharmacologists, producing all sorts of variants of expensive “mild” aspirin - in a shell mixed with other elements, in particular, magnesium hydroxide:

aspirin cardio,
cardiomagnyl,
aspecard etc.

In reality, despite the protective coating of the tablets, the harm from them to the stomach and intestines is exactly the same as from a regular aspirin tablet: the side effect does not occur from direct contact of the drug with the surfaces of the gastrointestinal tract, but from its absorption into the blood. Therefore, regardless of the form in which NSAIDs are taken (intramuscularly, intravenously, orally or as a topical gel), only the absorption rate will be different—the side effects will remain the same.

Conclusion: everything is relative

it is dangerous for influenza;
it irritates the gastrointestinal mucous membranes;
it causes bleeding...

As a result, the drug is unwittingly considered almost the most dangerous of all NSAIDs.

In fact, as you have seen, this medicine has a lot of useful properties, but the contraindications are relative:

The danger of influenza occurs in the form of a rare Reye's syndrome in children.
The risk of inflammation and ulceration of the mucous membranes is no greater than when taking other NSAIDs.
The properties of a blood thinner, being contraindications for coagulation disorders and bleeding, become therapeutic indications for thrombosis and cardiovascular disorders.

Absolutely any medical drug has contraindications, and they should always be carefully studied, and not take the medicine indiscriminately, guided by the principle: the more pills I take, the healthier I will be.

NSAIDs. It has anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic effects.
Drug: ASPIRIN®
Active substance of the drug: acetylsalicylic acid
ATX code: N02BA01
KFG: NSAIDs. Antiplatelet agent
Registration number: P No. 013664/01
Registration date: 12/13/07
Owner reg. credential: BAYER AG (Germany)

Pills
1 tab.
acetylsalicylic acid
500 mg

10 pieces. - contour cellular packaging (1) - cardboard packs.
10 pieces. - contour cell packaging (2) - cardboard packs.
10 pieces. - contour cell packaging (10) - cardboard packs.

DESCRIPTION OF THE ACTIVE SUBSTANCE.
All information provided is provided for information only about the drug; you should consult your doctor about the possibility of use.

Pharmacological action of Aspirin

NSAIDs. It has anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic effects, and also inhibits platelet aggregation. The mechanism of action is associated with inhibition of the activity of COX, the main enzyme in the metabolism of arachidonic acid, which is a precursor of prostaglandins, which play a major role in the pathogenesis of inflammation, pain and fever. A decrease in the content of prostaglandins (mainly E1) in the thermoregulation center leads to a decrease in body temperature due to dilation of skin vessels and increased sweating. The analgesic effect is due to both central and peripheral effects. Reduces platelet aggregation, adhesion and thrombus formation by suppressing the synthesis of thromboxane A2 in platelets.

Reduces mortality and the risk of myocardial infarction in unstable angina. Effective in the primary prevention of diseases of the cardiovascular system and in the secondary prevention of myocardial infarction. In a daily dose of 6 g or more, it suppresses prothrombin synthesis in the liver and increases prothrombin time. Increases fibrinolytic activity of plasma and reduces the concentration of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors (II, VII, IX, X). Increases the incidence of hemorrhagic complications during surgical interventions and increases the risk of bleeding during anticoagulant therapy. Stimulates the excretion of uric acid (impairs its reabsorption in the renal tubules), but in high doses. Blockade of COX-1 in the gastric mucosa leads to inhibition of gastroprotective prostaglandins, which can cause ulceration of the mucous membrane and subsequent bleeding.

Pharmacokinetics of the drug.

When taken orally, it is rapidly absorbed mainly from the proximal small intestine and to a lesser extent from the stomach. The presence of food in the stomach significantly changes the absorption of acetylsalicylic acid.

Metabolized in the liver by hydrolysis to form salicylic acid, followed by conjugation with glycine or glucuronide. The concentration of salicylates in blood plasma is variable.

About 80% of salicylic acid binds to blood plasma proteins. Salicylates easily penetrate many tissues and body fluids, incl. into the cerebrospinal, peritoneal and synovial fluids. Salicylates are found in small quantities in brain tissue, traces in bile, sweat, and feces. It quickly penetrates the placental barrier and is excreted in small quantities in breast milk.

In newborns, salicylates can displace bilirubin from its binding to albumin and contribute to the development of bilirubin encephalopathy.

Penetration into the joint cavity accelerates in the presence of hyperemia and edema and slows down in the proliferative phase of inflammation.

When acidosis occurs, most of the salicylate is converted into non-ionized acid, which penetrates well into tissues, incl. into the brain.

It is excreted primarily by active secretion in the renal tubules unchanged (60%) and in the form of metabolites. The excretion of unchanged salicylate depends on the pH of the urine (with alkalinization of the urine, the ionization of salicylates increases, their reabsorption worsens and excretion increases significantly). T1/2 of acetylsalicylic acid is approximately 15 minutes. T1/2 of salicylate when taken in low doses is 2-3 hours, with increasing doses it can increase to 15-30 hours. In newborns, the elimination of salicylate is much slower than in adults.

Indications for use:

Rheumatism, rheumatoid arthritis, infectious-allergic myocarditis; fever in infectious and inflammatory diseases; pain syndrome of weak and moderate intensity of various origins (neuralgia, myalgia, headache); prevention of thrombosis and embolism; primary and secondary prevention of myocardial infarction; prevention of ischemic cerebrovascular accidents.

In clinical immunology and allergology: in gradually increasing doses for long-term “aspirin” desensitization and the formation of stable tolerance to NSAIDs in patients with “aspirin” asthma and the “aspirin triad”.

Dosage and method of administration of the drug.

Individual. For adults, a single dose varies from 40 mg to 1 g, daily - from 150 mg to 8 g; frequency of use - 2-6 times/day.

Side effects of Aspirin:

From the digestive system: nausea, vomiting, anorexia, epigastric pain, diarrhea; rarely - the occurrence of erosive and ulcerative lesions, bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract, impaired liver function.

From the side of the central nervous system: with prolonged use, dizziness, headache, reversible visual impairment, tinnitus, and aseptic meningitis are possible.

From the hematopoietic system: rarely - thrombocytopenia, anemia.

From the blood coagulation system: rarely - hemorrhagic syndrome, prolongation of bleeding time.

From the urinary system: rarely - impaired renal function; with long-term use - acute renal failure, nephrotic syndrome.

Allergic reactions: rarely - skin rash, Quincke's edema, bronchospasm, "aspirin triad" (a combination of bronchial asthma, recurrent polyposis of the nose and paranasal sinuses and intolerance to acetylsalicylic acid and pyrazolone-type drugs).

Other: in some cases - Reye's syndrome; with long-term use - increased symptoms of chronic heart failure.

Contraindications to the drug:

Erosive and ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract in the acute phase, gastrointestinal bleeding, “aspirin triad”, a history of indications of urticaria, rhinitis caused by taking acetylsalicylic acid and other NSAIDs, hemophilia, hemorrhagic diathesis, hypoprothrombinemia, dissecting aortic aneurysm, portal hypertension, vitamin K deficiency, liver and/or renal failure, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, Reye's syndrome, childhood (under 15 years of age - the risk of developing Reye's syndrome in children with hyperthermia due to viral diseases), I and III trimesters of pregnancy, lactation , hypersensitivity to acetylsalicylic acid and other salicylates.

Use during pregnancy and lactation.

Contraindicated for use in the first and third trimesters of pregnancy. In the second trimester of pregnancy, a one-time dose is possible according to strict indications.

It has a teratogenic effect: when used in the first trimester it leads to the development of cleft palate, in the third trimester it causes inhibition of labor (inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis), premature closure of the ductus arteriosus in the fetus, hyperplasia of the pulmonary vessels and hypertension in the pulmonary circulation.

Acetylsalicylic acid is excreted in breast milk, which increases the risk of bleeding in the baby due to impaired platelet function, so acetylsalicylic acid should not be used by the mother during lactation.

Special instructions for the use of Aspirin.

Use with caution in patients with liver and kidney diseases, bronchial asthma, erosive and ulcerative lesions and bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract in history, with increased bleeding or while carrying out anticoagulant therapy, decompensated chronic heart failure.

Acetylsalicylic acid, even in small doses, reduces the excretion of uric acid from the body, which can cause an acute attack of gout in predisposed patients. When carrying out long-term therapy and/or using acetylsalicylic acid in high doses, medical supervision and regular monitoring of hemoglobin levels are required.

The use of acetisalicylic acid as an anti-inflammatory agent in a daily dose of 5-8 g is limited due to the high likelihood of developing side effects from the gastrointestinal tract.

Before surgery, to reduce bleeding during surgery and in the postoperative period, you should stop taking salicylates for 5-7 days.

During long-term therapy, it is necessary to conduct a complete blood count and stool examination for occult blood.

The use of acetylsalicylic acid in pediatrics is contraindicated, since in the case of a viral infection in children under the influence of acetylsalicylic acid, the risk of developing Reye's syndrome increases. Symptoms of Reye's syndrome are prolonged vomiting, acute encephalopathy, and liver enlargement.

The duration of treatment (without consulting a doctor) should not exceed 7 days when prescribed as an analgesic and more than 3 days as an antipyretic.

During the treatment period, the patient must abstain from drinking alcohol.

Interaction of Aspirin with other drugs.

When used simultaneously, antacids containing magnesium and/or aluminum hydroxide slow down and reduce the absorption of acetylsalicylic acid.

With the simultaneous use of calcium channel blockers, drugs that limit the intake of calcium or increase the excretion of calcium from the body, the risk of bleeding increases.

When used simultaneously with acetylsalicylic acid, the effect of heparin and indirect anticoagulants, hypoglycemic agents, sulfonylurea derivatives, insulins, methotrexate, phenytoin, and valproic acid is enhanced.

When used simultaneously with GCS, the risk of ulcerogenic effects and gastrointestinal bleeding increases.

With simultaneous use, the effectiveness of diuretics (spironolactone, furosemide) decreases.

With the simultaneous use of other NSAIDs, the risk of side effects increases. Acetylsalicylic acid may reduce plasma concentrations of indomethacin and piroxicam.

When used simultaneously with gold preparations, acetylsalicylic acid can induce liver damage.

With simultaneous use, the effectiveness of uricosuric drugs (including probenecid, sulfinpyrazone, benzbromarone) is reduced.

With the simultaneous use of acetylsalicylic acid and sodium alendronate, severe esophagitis may develop.

With simultaneous use of griseofulvin, the absorption of acetylsalicylic acid may be impaired.

A case of spontaneous hemorrhage into the iris was described when taking Ginkgo biloba extract during long-term use of acetylsalicylic acid at a dose of 325 mg/day. It is believed that this may be due to an additive inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation.

With simultaneous use of dipyridamole, an increase in Cmax of salicylate in blood plasma and AUC is possible.

When used simultaneously with acetylsalicylic acid, the concentrations of digoxin, barbiturates and lithium salts in the blood plasma increase.

With the simultaneous use of salicylates in high doses with carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, salicylate intoxication is possible.

Acetylsalicylic acid in doses less than 300 mg/day has a minor effect on the effectiveness of captopril and enalapril. When using acetylsalicylic acid in high doses, the effectiveness of captopril and enalapril may be reduced.

With simultaneous use, caffeine increases the rate of absorption, plasma concentration and bioavailability of acetylsalicylic acid.

With simultaneous use, metoprolol may increase the Cmax of salicylate in the blood plasma.

When using pentazocine against the background of long-term use of acetylsalicylic acid in high doses, there is a risk of developing severe adverse reactions from the kidneys.

With simultaneous use, phenylbutazone reduces uricosuria caused by acetylsalicylic acid.

With simultaneous use, ethanol may enhance the effect of acetylsalicylic acid on the gastrointestinal tract.

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The most used drug from the group of salicylates is acetylsalicylic acid, or aspirin. Aspirin is a drug that reduces pain (analgesic), relieves fever (antipyretics), and thins the blood (anticoagulant).

It belongs to a group of drugs called analgesics.

Aspirin primarily prevents inflammation, acts as a pain reliever, and reduces fever. Many of these effects of aspirin may reduce the formation of prostaglandins and thromboxane.

Prostaglandins are hormones produced in the body that are responsible for transmitting pain information to the brain.

Thromboxanes are responsible for the accumulation of platelets, which lead to the formation of blood clots. Heart attack is caused mainly by blood clots and can be prevented by administering small amounts of aspirin. A side effect of this is that the blood's ability to clot is reduced, which can cause excessive bleeding if aspirin is taken frequently.

Use of aspirin.

Aspirin is the most popular drug for relieving headaches and toothaches. It is used to treat flu-like symptoms and to reduce fever in adults (over 16 years of age). Aspirin is also used to reduce muscle soreness after exercise.

Aspirin is used in lower doses to reduce the binding of platelets to each other and prevent unwanted blood clots. Thus, aspirin is used in the treatment of cardiac disorders, particularly myocardial infarction. To date, there is no data for the use of this drug in cancer prevention.

Most common cases in which aspirin is believed to have a beneficial effect:

stroke;

rheumatic diseases;

infectious diseases;

complications during pregnancy (with caution) - preeclampsia (hypertension during pregnancy);

Colon cancer - there are many studies that show the preventative properties of aspirin against this type of cancer, but its use should currently be avoided as a treatment for colon cancer;

Diabetes – Coronary heart disease, stroke and kidney failure are common complications of diabetes.

Alzheimer's disease.

More often, aspirin is taken in tablet form, but it also exists in the form of powders and suppositories for rectal administration.

The tablets are swallowed whole and washed down with a glass of water. In contrast, chewable aspirin tablets can be chewed. The tablets begin to work for some time after taking them. Stop taking aspirin if the fever lasts more than three days, if the pain lasts longer than 10 days, or if your joints are painful and swollen.

Contraindications.

breast-feeding;

age under 16 years;

asthma or other allergic diseases;

stomach ulcer;

liver or kidney problems;

you have gout;

blood disease (hemophilia);

frequent drinking of alcohol;

if you have ever had an allergic or unusual reaction to any non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug such as ibuprofen, diclofenac and ibuprofen.

Combination of aspirin with other drugs.

Discuss with your doctor if you are taking any other over-the-counter medications, vitamins, dietary supplements, or herbal products.

Be especially careful when taking certain medications such as:

angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors such as perindopril, moexipril, quinapril, ramipril, trandolapril;
anticoagulants (blood thinners) such as warfarin and heparin;

beta blockers such as atenolol, labetalol, metoprolol, propranolol;

diuretics;

medicines to treat diabetes or arthritis;

medications for gout such as probenecid and sulfinpyrazone;

other NSAIDs such as naproxen;

phenytoin.

You may need to change your medication dosage.

Side effects and complications when taking aspirin.

The most common side effects when taking aspirin are nausea or vomiting, stomach upset, and allergic reactions (more common in asthmatics).

When taking aspirin systematically, a number of complications can occur in various systems and organs.

Gastrointestinal tract

Endoscopic lesions in the gastric mucosa occur in most people who take aspirin once a day.

Gastric bleeding has been reported in approximately 3% of older people.

Rectal ulceration and stenosis have been reported in people who abuse aspirin rectal suppositories.

Risk of developing dyspepsia (ie epigastric pain, heartburn, nausea, ulcers) when taking large amounts of aspirin.

Gastrointestinal disorders (in 83% of people who took aspirin regularly), abdominal discomfort or pain, nausea and vomiting.

More serious disorders include bleeding, peptic ulcers, and small bowel perforation.

Kidneys - Aspirin inhibits prostaglandin synthesis in the kidneys, resulting in decreased renal blood flow. In people with heart failure and cirrhosis, administration of aspirin leads to acute renal failure, although in rare cases.

Asthma - side effects include hypersensitivity bronchospasm, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, urticaria, angioedema and anaphylaxis. Approximately 10% to 30% of asthmatics are sensitive to aspirin.

Metabolic side effects include dehydration and hyperkalemia.

Cardiac side effects include conduction disturbances and hypotension.

Side effects affecting the central nervous system include confusion, cerebral swelling, coma, dizziness, headache, bleeding in the skull, lethargy, and seizures.

Respiratory side effects include hyperpnea, pulmonary edema, and tachypnea.

Endocrine side effects include hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia.

Aspirin overdose.

Long-term overdose of aspirin can be fatal.