How many times has Medvedev been president? Medvedev Dmitry Anatolyevich is

Prince Vladimir himself was baptized in the tenth century and baptized Kievan Rus. From this time on, Orthodox history began in Rus'. The rulers of Russia, the presidents of Russia in different historical eras and under different management systems of society replaced each other, leaving their mark on its fate.

How history is made

It is known that historical facts are always somewhat distorted depending on political events. And sometimes, as today’s realities show, attempts are made to rewrite history beyond recognition. One gets the impression that the rulers of Russia and the USSR, the presidents of Russia are presented to people outside our state in a completely different, distorted and unattractive light. The Great Patriotic War is renamed World War II in textbooks, the importance of the Soviet Union in the defeat of Hitler's Germany is downplayed as much as possible, and the Ukrainian government equates fascism and communism and declares that the Soviet Union attacked Europe, and did not liberate it from fascism.

The same applies to government officials.

Still mysteries

Were there really endless princely feuds in Rus'? Did Ivan the Terrible kill his son, as the textbooks say? And who was he? Did he return from Europe, or was it not him anymore?

Perhaps someday it will be reliably known what the people were like who stood at the helm of government and decided where and how the country would move.

Statesmen

Are you interested in the rulers of Russia, the Soviet Union, the presidents of Russia? A list in order of heads of state can be easily found in history textbooks.

The Romanovs came to the Russian throne in the sixteenth century and ruled Russia until the revolution of 1917, when the monarchical system came to an end, and the long-awaited communist one was in a hurry to replace it.

Probably, to this day the Russian people cannot give a full assessment of all the events that happened during the years of Soviet power. There are still irreconcilable disputes about the contribution of Lenin and Stalin to the fate of the state. But the fact that under Gorbachev, the first and last president of the USSR, a huge country ceased to exist, probably no one doubts.

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia was predicted to have an unenviable future, and some Western opponents probably made plans to dismember the weakened country. But the incredible happened. The state became stronger, it had a bright and strong leader, and the people took heart. Once again, predatory plans to destroy the largest country in the world have failed.

Presidents of Russia: list in order

The collapse of the USSR occurred in 1991. Recent Russian history is very young, and the list of Russian presidents in order is very small, only three names. This:

B.N. Yeltsin.

YES. Medvedev.

V.V. Putin.

Yeltsin B.N. came to power in 1991 and ruled the country until Politicians still give mixed assessments of his rule. Then, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, troubled times came, the dashing nineties, crimson jackets and gold chains. The Russians experienced predatory privatization, or “privatization,” as it was popularly called. A solid, arrogant, gangster class of oligarchs has emerged.

The list of Russian presidents in order continued with V.V. Putin, who replaced Yeltsin in this post. He had to deal with the oligarchic class. During his reign, there were Chechen wars, terrorist attacks, the death of the Kursk submarine and many other problems that the national leader methodically dealt with, although he received ambiguous popular assessment of his actions. He ruled the state for two consecutive presidential terms, but, contrary to expectations and the revision of the Constitution to allow him to run for a third term, he refused this opportunity.

Dmitry Anatolyevich Medvedev, who ruled the state from 2008 to 2012, came to power from the ruling United Russia party. And the list of Russian presidents in order was replenished with one more name. V.V. Putin was appointed prime minister at this time.

In 2012, Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin was again elected president of Russia.

The role of the personality of the ruler in the history of the state probably cannot be overestimated. He embodies the face of the people of the entire country he rules. And there are pages in its history on which you want to stop for a long time and think about those government leaders, thanks to whom the country changed for the better, and the people living in it were especially keenly aware of the importance of the historical moment and the invaluable contribution that the ruler and national leader. If you look at the list of Russian presidents in order, you will find that such a statesman appeared in Russia at the turn of the millennium. And there is today.

On September 14, 1965, Dmitry Anatolyevich Medvedev was born in what is now St. Petersburg. His parents were ordinary teachers. Dad's name was Anatoly Afanasyevich, he worked at a technological institute, and Dmitry's mother, Yulia Veniaminovna, worked at a pedagogical institute.

Dmitry was always drawn to knowledge, he allocated a lot of time for learning both during his school years and during his student period, and diligently approached the completion of assignments. In his youth, he was involved in weightlifting, was interested in photography and was interested in music.

In 1993, Dmitry Medvedev married Svetlana Linnik; they met while still schoolchildren. After two years of married life, their son Ilya was born.

From 1988 to 1999, Medvedev taught at the Faculty of Law, combining this work with political activities. Teaching practice had to be stopped due to the fact that Medvedev decided to leave St. Petersburg and move to the capital.

Here he was appointed to the high position of deputy head of the government apparatus of the Russian Federation. Since 2005, Medvedev has been a member of the United Russia party. He successfully climbed the career ladder.

On March 2, 2008, Dmitry Anatolyevich Medvedev won the election and became the elected president of Russia. During the reign of Dmitry Medvedev, many reforms and innovations were carried out:

• Anti-corruption activities have been launched, a special Council has been created for this purpose;
• a visa-free regime for crossing borders between CIS countries has been introduced;
• there was active development of agriculture;
• socio-economic policy reform;
• customs tariff changed;
• military reform was carried out;
• reform in the Ministry of Internal Affairs:
• the republics of Abkhazia and South Ossetia are recognized, etc.

After the expiration of his presidential term, in 2012, Dmitry Anatolyevich took over the post of Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation.

Biography of Dmitry Medvedev about the main thing

Dmitry Anatolyevich Medvedev was born on September 14, 1965 in Leningrad. His father taught science at the Leningrad State Technological Institute, and his mother taught language at the State Pedagogical University. Herzen. Medvedev had many interests as a child, but the two things he loved most were sports and books. Medvedev was only in elementary school when he first met his future wife, Svetlana Linnik.

In 1982, Medvedev began studying law at Leningrad State University. His decision to study law played a large role in introducing Medvedev to Professor Anatoly Sobchak, a democrat who would later play an important role in Medvedev's involvement in his country's politics.

After graduation, he had to decide whether to continue graduate school or begin a professional career. Fortunately, “a miracle happened that had not been seen for decades. The head of civil law, where I received my specialty, was instructed to accept three graduate students, financed from the budget, to work later at the department itself.” Thus, Medvedev was able to continue his studies while also having a guaranteed job.

After Medvedev completed his doctoral dissertation, he received an offer from former professor Anatoly Sobchak, who was now the head of the Leningrad city council. The proposed job was as an adviser, and Medvedev agreed from the point of view that he could also serve as a lecturer at his alma mater. Shortly after Medvedev accepted the position, a former student of Sobchak named Vladimir Putin also took a job working under the newly elected chairman. Because Putin was older and had more experience, he was given the role of senior adviser and worked closely with Medvedev.

Despite the fact that Medvedev was ready to leave the political game and practice the law to the fullest, he says that the then newly appointed deputy mayor, Vladimir Putin, and he “agreed that he would be a freelance expert of the committee that he headed. We worked this way for the next four years, until Sobchak’s team left the Smolny Palace after losing the elections.”

Dmitry Medvedev's call to travel to Moscow to participate in state politics came in 1999, when his colleague Vladimir Putin was appointed prime minister by then-President Boris Yeltsin and then appointed to the presidency when Yeltsin left office before his term expired. Medvedev's ethical and mental abilities, as well as Putin's sympathy for him, created favorable conditions for his rapid rise through the government ranks.

When Putin won the election, he appointed Medvedev to lead five very important public national projects, which Medvedev called "a serious and concerted effort to modernize our social sector and, within the framework of the agricultural project, to develop rural life in general." This position presented new challenges for Medvedev because he had to become, in his words, “the one who not only makes decisions, after all, I made decisions during my work in the presidential administration, but also has to announce these decisions.” publish, inform people and justify the need for these plans and do so convincingly.”

Putin's second presidential term ended in 2008, and due to term limits he was unable to run for re-election. He chose Dmitry Medvedev as his successor, who soon announced after Putin's public endorsement that, if elected, he would appoint Putin as prime minister. When Medvedev won the election with about 70 percent of the vote, he kept his promise. This has led some critics and observers to suggest that Medvedev was a mouthpiece for Putin. However, Medvedev has proven to be more liberal than Putin on a number of issues, and has also had less contentious relations with the West on issues such as nuclear safety agreements.

Dmitry Medvedev was Russia's president until 2012, when he took on the role of prime minister. He lives in Moscow with his wife Svetlana and their son Ilya. When asked about the desires he has for his country, he replied: “We would like to provide the population with the most comfortable living conditions, which, unfortunately, we cannot always provide them with. We have many goals that we would like to achieve, develop and have the same values ​​as the democratic country created about 20 years ago.”

Interesting facts and dates from life

Medvedev Dmitry Anatolievich- an important political figure of the modern Russian Federation. Served as president of the country from 2008 to 2012. Currently he is the Chairman of the Government. The politician has come a long way from a law student, teacher, and later entrepreneur to the main figure in the country. He has held many positions and is still an active player in the political sphere. Assessments of this figure's work are ambiguous. Let's consider the main events of his biography.

Russian Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev

Childhood and adolescence

• Dad - Anatoly Afanasyevich. Professor of the Institute. Lensovet.
• Mom - Yulia Veniaminovna. Philologist at the Pedagogical Institute. Herzen. Another place of work for Dmitry’s mother is conducting excursions in the reserve.

The ancestors of the future president came from peasant backgrounds. Dmitry's paternal grandfather built a party career and was able to become the first secretary of the district committee.

Dmitry Medvedev has no brothers or sisters. All his early years were spent in the Kupchino region. Little Dima studied in school No. 305, located on Budapest Street. The boy had a class teacher who later left memories of her student, who became a celebrity. In particular, she recalled that the Prime Minister had been goal-oriented since childhood. I spent all my time studying.

Favorite subject of young Dmitry Medvedev - chemistry. The student rarely walked with his peers, who spent time in the park nearby. After classes, he stayed at school and did various chemical experiments. The future president was an excellent student. Teachers recall that the boy loved the learning process itself. Loved new knowledge. He had a good upbringing. It is known that Dmitry Anatolyevich still communicates with his school teachers.

Dmitry Medvedev

After graduating from school, the future politician wanted to enroll in law school. Leningrad State University named after A.A. Zhdanova. This was not an easy task. There was a lot of competition to get into this university. It was especially difficult for young men who had not served in the army to enter there. However, Dmitry, who graduated from school with honors, was able to get through the tough competition. Entered university in 1982 on the first try. He continued his diligent studies at Leningrad State University.

Upon entering the educational institution, Dmitry Anatolyevich met Kropachev, the future Rector of St. Petersburg State University. The latter left his memories of the Prime Minister. He said that Dmitry Medvedev was a “strong student.” He was fond of sports and weightlifting. Won prizes for the faculty. However, among the main course students he did not stand out much.

During his studies, Dmitry Anatolyevich developed new hobbies. He began to get interested in photography. He took his first photos with a very ordinary camera. Dmitry carried this hobby with him throughout his life. When Dmitry Anatolyevich Medvedev was already a major political figure, he still continued to take photographs. He even participated in the All-Russian photography competitions.

Medvedev Dmitry Anatolievich

Another serious hobby of the student is Weightlifting. And in this area, success awaited him. So in the higher institution named after. Zhdanov Dmitry Medvedev won the weightlifting competition. The student did not ignore another trend that was fashionable at that time - rock music. She also became his hobby. His favorite bands were Led Zeppelin.

During his student years, according to Dima himself, he received a scholarship of 50 rubles. She was missed. I had to earn extra money. The future president and right-hand man worked as a janitor, for which he received a salary of 120 rubles. In 1987, Dmitry graduated from Leningrad State University named after Zhdanov and enters graduate school. He finishes it in 1990. At the same time he defends his dissertation and receives the status of a candidate of sciences.

Dmitry Anatolyevich has been a member of the Komsomol since the late 70s. The hero of our article did not serve in the army. But he participated in short (1.5 months) military training in Karelia. At the same time, Dmitry Medvedev was a member of student groups. As part of them, the student guarded and escorted cargo on the railway road.

From early childhood, Dmitry Anatolyevich Medvedev showed himself to be a strong and purposeful person. He actively spent time on education, but also managed to pursue his hobbies. The young man’s success is largely explained by his parents, who invested all their strength in raising their only child.

How did Medvedev start his political career?

Since the late 80s Dmitry Anatolyevich serves as a teacher in the same institution where he studied. He teaches the basics of civil and Roman law. At the same time, he participates in scientific activities. Dmitry's government career dates back to 1989. It was then that elections of Soviet deputies were organized. One of the candidates for parliament was Anatoly Sobchak. How is he related to the future president? Sobchak was his scientific supervisor.

Putin is still in the background

Postgraduate student Medvedev participated in the pre-election preparations of his mentor: he was engaged in putting up campaign posters, talking with potential voters on the streets, and participating in pre-election rallies. In 1990, the hero of our article defended his Ph.D. Anatoly Sobchak, who was the chairman of the Council at that time, called his student to join the staff. Sobchak's task is to assemble a young team of good specialists. Dmitry Anatolyevich becomes an adviser to his mentor. However, he does not stop teaching at the department. This is the first time for an aspiring politician to be on Sobchak’s team meets Vladimir Putin.

91 years old Anatoly Sobchak is appointed mayor of today's St. Petersburg, and VVP takes the post of vice-mayor. Dmitry Medvedev becomes a participant Committee on External Relations. From this structure he is sent to Sweden, where the hero of this article is doing an internship in the field of “local self-government”.

In 1999, he became deputy head of the government apparatus. This is an important year for Dmitry Medvedev. Just then he ends his teaching career and changes his place of residence. From St. Petersburg he moves to Moscow. year 2000. Vladimir Putin becomes the main face of the country. Medvedev becomes the first deputy head of the Administration. From the end of 2003 to the end of 2005, he led this Administration.

In these years, the career of the hero of our article is developing rapidly. He holds a number of key positions:

• 2003. Becomes a member of the country's Security Council.
• 2005-2008. Appointed as deputy chairman for the implementation of national projects. Also responsible for demographic policy.
• Finishing 2005 becomes Deputy Prime Minister.
• From 2006 to 2008 Member of the presidium for the implementation of ideas related to national policy.

2008 becomes a turning point for Dmitry Medvedev. This is the year of a complete breakthrough in his career. However, more on this in the next chapter.

Election campaign

The hero material campaign actually began at the end of 2005. At the same time, his election website is registered. There are reports in the press that Dmitry Medvedev is successor of Vladimir Putin. It must be said that work on creating the image of the new successor to power began before its official announcement. Before the start of the campaign, the hero of our article was practically unknown, and therefore it was necessary to make his figure popular among voters and increase recognition.

United Russia

In 2006, he became the head of the Skolkovo council.. After 6 months, they begin to call him the main presidential candidate. Polls have begun, according to which 33% of citizens supported Dmitry Medvedev. The official start of the campaign was in October 2007. The candidacy is supported by the current president. Then the hero of the article is nominated for the post of president from the United Russia party. Dmitry Medvedev sends papers to the Central Election Commission. At the same time, he announces that he is resigning from the post of Gazprom’s Board of Directors.

Presidency period

Dmitry Medvedev is elected to the post of President of the country March 2, 2008 He becomes the third president of the Russian Federation. His main opponents in the elections are from the LDPR And from the Communist Party of the Russian Federation. Also a contender for the post at that time was Andrei Bogdanov from the LDPR party. Dmitry Medvedev receives an overwhelming number of votes - 70,28% .

The inauguration was organized 2 months after the results of the political race were summed up. Then, on May 7, Dmitry Medvedev said that the priority of his future activities would be civil liberties. His first decree - Federal law on providing free housing to WWII veterans . The beginning of the figure’s work was marked by the beginning of the international monetary crisis and the conflict on the soil of South Ossetia. This clash with Georgia was called the Five Day War. The conflict intensified when less than six months of Dmitry Medvedev's presidency had passed.

In August, the president was informed about the death of peacekeepers from Russia on the territory of South Ossetia. The new ruler gave the order to opening fire to kill. On August 8, shelling of military targets began. On August 12, the presidents of Russia and France approved a plan to resolve the differences. Already at the very beginning of his presidential career, Dmitry Medvedev faced difficult conflicts.

Experts have different assessments of the foreign policy of this period. Successes in this field alternated with failures. For example, during the presidency, the gas conflict with Ukraine escalated.

The Government of the Russian Federation is beginning to take action in the social direction. During the work of Dmitry Medvedev, these successes were achieved:

• Stabilization of population growth.
• A significant increase in the number of large families in the country.
• Increase in real incomes of citizens by 20%.
• Increasing pensions by 2 times.
• Introduction of a maternity capital program designed to increase population growth.

Dmitry Medvedev was involved in entrepreneurship before his key post. It is not surprising that he has done a lot for small and medium-sized businesses. These measures were taken:

• Simplifying the process of starting a business.
• Removing restrictions on entrepreneurship.

In May 2008 In 2009, a decree “On measures to eliminate restrictions in entrepreneurship” was signed. The document contained these provisions:

• Introduction of a notification procedure for initiating business activities.
• Reducing the number of permits.
• Replacing mandatory certification with declaration.
• Replacement of obtaining licenses for liability insurance, etc.

During the presidency, working conditions for individual entrepreneurs and small businesses improved. In 2010 the President issues Federal Law No. 244, with which the history of the Skolkovo center began.

The Government of the Russian Federation is reforming the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The police become the police.

According to the Minister of Internal Affairs, as a result of the reforms, the level of social security and the life of representatives of internal authorities was improved.

Dmitry Medvedev is also the head of the reform of the Armed Forces. It included the following provisions:

• Optimization of the number of officers.
• Optimization of the management system.
• Changing military education.

During his presidency, the politician was also involved in agriculture. It is believed that he continued the line of Vladimir Putin. In 2009, the politician stated that grain production was a priority. In 2010 In the foreign source Le Figaro, a message appeared that wheat production in the state could for the first time in history exceed the grain harvest in America.

The media indicated that this success was the result of agricultural policy reform. In 2011, information was received that in 2012 Vladimir Putin would run for the post of head of state. It was stated that if VVP wins the elections, Dmitry Medvedev will become head of government.

Timakova (press secretary) and Medvedev

What does Medvedev do after his period as president?

GDP again became the President, and Dmitry Medvedev became the head of the Government, the head of the United Russia party, and the Program Commission for the development of the future political course of the United Russia. Worked on issues in these areas:

• Economics: import substitution, price formation.
• Medicine.
• Education.

In 2017, a scandal broke out, the center of which was Dmitry Medvedev. In particular, a representative of the opposition and his FBK posted an investigation online that revealed corruption schemes in which the chairman of the government participated.

Personal life

Dmitry Medvedev met his soulmate early. His wife, , studied with the future politician at the same school, in a parallel class. Sympathy arose a long time ago, but the hero of the article admitted his feelings only in his senior year.

With my wife

However, then the lovers' paths diverged. They entered different educational institutions and did not communicate. But one meeting changed their lives. In 1989 the marriage took place. In August 1995, the young couple became parents. The first child was named Ilya. In 2012, the young man entered MGIMO, scoring 359 points out of a maximum of 400 in the entrance examination. The family has pets. This cat Dorofei, as well as a cat and four dogs. The politician's favorite cat, Dorofey, became the most famous. He repeatedly became a character in news releases.

Almost all residents of Russia, during the presidency of Dmitry Medvedev, learned about his hobby. And this passion is new technologies. The politician actively uses social networks and loves iPhones. In 2010 he met with Steve Jobs, who gave him an iPhone 4. Now on his hand you can see a high-tech watch from the Apple brand. Dmitry Medvedev started this hobby a long time ago. He got his first PC back in the 80s. This is one of the first statesmen who introduced new technologies into their activities. He began communicating with citizens through a video blog.

Steve Jobs

The former president still retains his love of photography. He began taking photographs in his early years with a Smena-8M camera. He actively posts photos on the social network Instagram. Currently uses Leica, Nikon and Canon cameras.

Income

The income of the hero of our article is one of the most pressing topics for discussion. This is partly due to the corruption scandal. There is declared information about the former president's income. In 2014, the politician’s income amounted to approximately 8,000,000 rubles. In 2013, the income was two times lower. In 2015, income increased again and became equal to 8,900,000 rubles. There is also a declared list of properties that belong to the politician. This housing area is 350 sq. meters and 2 cars.

What's the result?

Dmitry Medvedev has come a long way from a simple student to a president. He was a diligent schoolboy, a law student, an entrepreneur, and a key participant in political processes. He is best known for his presidency. However, assessments of his activities are contradictory. It is obvious that the hero of this article, upon assuming the main post of the country, immediately encountered contradictions and difficulties.

In particular, he was faced with armed conflict and the need to suppress it. And appropriate measures were taken. The hero was also able to maintain his position during the global crisis. One of the main features of the politician’s activities during his presidency is inconsistency. The beginning of the reign was marked by the promise of civil liberties. However, the policy of the main person of the state was not consistent. In one the restrictions were lifted, in the other they were not.

While the protagonist was in political office, conditions for running small businesses improved. However, it cannot be said that businessmen received complete economic freedom. Politics during this period were quite contradictory and incomplete. Projects were not fully implemented and were not brought to their logical conclusion. The perception of the former president among citizens is interesting. Medvedev has not earned the reputation of a serious politician. Most often, his name is associated with photographs of his beloved cat, smartphones and other new technologies. It is believed that his political activities were and are completely determined by Putin and United Russia. In 2018, the hero of the article continues his political activities.

Biography

Dmitry Anatolyevich Medvedev is a Russian statesman and politician, the third President of the Russian Federation (2008-2012), the tenth Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation (since May 8, 2012), Chairman of the United Russia party (since May 26, 2012).

In 2000-2001, 2002-2008. - Chairman of the Board of Directors of OJSC Gazprom. From November 14, 2005 to May 7, 2008 - First Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation, curator of priority national projects.

Origin

Father - Anatoly Afanasyevich Medvedev (November 19, 1926-2004), professor at the Leningrad Technological Institute named after Lensoveta (now St. Petersburg State Technological Institute). Descendant of peasants of the Kursk province, member of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) since 1952. Grandfather Afanasy Fedorovich Medvedev (born in 1904 in the village of Mansurovo, Shchigrovsky district, Kursk province, died on May 20, 1994) was a party worker since 1933. Participant of the Great Patriotic War, captain. In 1944, by order No. 231 of December 30, 1944 for the 49th training school. of the division, Captain A.F. Medvedev was awarded the medal “For the Defense of the Caucasus.” From 1946 to 1951 he worked as the first secretary of the district party committee of the Pavlovsky district (Krasnodar region), from 1955 to 1958 he was secretary of the Korenovsky district committee of the CPSU in the city of Korenovsk, then worked as an instructor in the Krasnodar regional committee. In 1985 he was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 2nd degree. Grandmother Nadezhda Vasilievna Medvedeva was a housewife, raised children: Svetlana and Anatoly, died on May 24, 1990.

Mother - Yulia Veniaminovna (born November 21, 1939), daughter of Veniamin Sergeevich Shaposhnikov and Melania Vasilievna Kovaleva; philologist, taught at the Pedagogical Institute named after A. I. Herzen, later worked as a guide in Pavlovsk. Her ancestors - Sergei Ivanovich and Ekaterina Nikitichna Shaposhnikov, Vasily Alexandrovich and Anfiya Filippovna Kovalev - come from Alekseevka, Belgorod region.

Childhood and youth

Born on September 14, 1965 in Leningrad. He was the only child in a family that lived in the Kupchino district, a “dormitory area” of Leningrad (Bela Kun St., 6).

Dmitry Medvedev maintains contact with his former school No. 305. Teacher Vera Smirnova recalled: “He tried very hard, devoted all his time to his studies. He could rarely be found on the street with the guys. He looked like a little old man." When Dmitry Medvedev entered the university, he met Nikolai Kropachev (now the rector of St. Petersburg State University), who described him as follows: “A good, strong student. He went in for sports, weightlifting. I even won something for the faculty. But according to the main course, he was the same as everyone else. Just very diligent." First Deputy Chairman of the State Duma Oleg Morozov spoke of him as “young, energetic, it couldn’t be better.”

He graduated from the Faculty of Law of Leningrad State University named after A. A. Zhdanov in 1987 and graduate school at Leningrad State University in 1990. Since his youth he has been fond of hard rock, mentioning Deep Purple, Black Sabbath and Led Zeppelin among his favorite bands; collects records from these and other bands (in particular, he has collected a complete collection of records from the group Deep Purple). He also listens to Russian rock bands, in particular Chaif. During his student years, he was interested in photography, was involved in weightlifting, and won a university weightlifting competition in his weight category. Member of the Komsomol since 1979.

At the university, D. A. Medvedev joined the party and remained a member of the CPSU until August 1991.

In a conversation with students of the University of the Pacific, D. A. Medvedev said that before starting legal practice, he worked as a janitor and earned 120 rubles a month, as well as a 50 ruble increased stipend.

Dmitry Medvedev did not serve in the army, however, as a student at Leningrad State University, he completed 1.5 months of military training in Huhoyamäki (Karelia). While studying at the university, he was in a student detachment that was engaged in guarding and escorting cargo on the railway (in the paramilitary guard of the USSR Ministry of Railways).

Teaching and scientific activities

Since 1988 (from 1988 to 1990 as a graduate student) he taught civil and Roman law at the Faculty of Law of Leningrad State University, then St. Petersburg State University. Topic of the candidate's dissertation: “Problems of implementing the civil legal personality of a state enterprise”, candidate of legal sciences (L., 1990). One of the authors of the three-volume textbook “Civil Law”, edited by A.P. Sergeev and Yu.K. Tolstoy, wrote 4 chapters for it (on state and municipal enterprises, credit and settlement obligations, transport law, alimony obligations). He stopped teaching in 1999 due to his move to Moscow.

Since September 2006, he has headed the International Board of Trustees of the Moscow School of Management Skolkovo.

Start of a career in St. Petersburg

From 1990 to 1997 - teaching at St. Petersburg State University. At the same time, in 1990-1995, he was an adviser to the chairman of the Leningrad City Council of People's Deputies, Anatoly Aleksandrovich Sobchak, then an expert on the Committee for External Relations of the St. Petersburg City Hall, whose chairman was Vladimir Putin. At Smolny, Medvedev was involved in the development and execution of transactions, contracts and various investment projects. Completed an internship in Sweden on local government issues. The President of the Institute of National Strategy, Stanislav Belkovsky, characterizes Dmitry Medvedev as pliable, soft, psychologically dependent - always absolutely psychologically comfortable for Vladimir Putin. According to other people, Medvedev is “not soft at all, but very domineering.”

According to political scientist Alexei Mukhin, Medvedev made a major contribution to the defense of V.V. Putin from charges following an investigation into the activities of the Mayor’s Committee on External Relations in 1992 and which threatened Putin with the loss of his position.

In 1993 - co-founder of Finzell CJSC, owner of a 50% stake. In 1993-1998 - co-founder and director of the Ilim Pulp Enterprise corporation for legal issues, owner of a 20% stake. In 1998, he became a representative of Ilim on the Board of Directors of OJSC Bratsk Timber Industry Complex. In 1994, he co-founded the Balfort Consulting Firm CJSC.

According to a number of media reports, from 1990 to 1995 he worked as a lawyer at the St. Petersburg joint-stock insurance company Rus, headed by Vladislav Reznik.

In 1996, after Sobchak's defeat in the elections, he stopped working at Smolny.

Career in Moscow

In November 1999, he was appointed Deputy Chief of Staff of the Government of the Russian Federation Dmitry Nikolaevich Kozak; he was invited to work in Moscow by Vladimir Putin, who became Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation.

In 1999-2000, after the departure of B. N. Yeltsin, he was deputy head of the presidential administration of the Russian Federation; headed the election headquarters of V.V. Putin in the Alexander House, which previously belonged to A. Smolensky, where the center for strategic research of German Gref was then located; in June 2000, after Vladimir Putin's victory in the presidential elections, Medvedev took the post of first deputy head of the Presidential Administration. According to political expert Stanislav Belkovsky, Alexander Voloshin and Roman Abramovich at that moment themselves proposed Medvedev’s candidacy. After Voloshin left, Medvedev took his place.

In 2000-2001 - Chairman of the Board of Directors of OJSC Gazprom, in 2001 - Deputy Chairman of the Board of Directors of OJSC Gazprom, from June 2002 to May 2008 - Chairman of the Board of Directors of OJSC Gazprom.

From October 2003 to November 2005 - Head of the Russian Presidential Administration. On November 12, 2003, Medvedev was appointed a member of the Security Council of the Russian Federation. In April 2004, he received the status of a permanent member of the Russian Security Council.

From October 21, 2005 to July 10, 2008 - First Deputy Chairman of the Russian Presidential Council for the Implementation of Priority National Projects and Demographic Policy, and actually began to oversee priority national projects.

On November 14, 2005, he was appointed First Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation (reappointed to this position on September 24, 2007).

From July 13, 2006 to July 10, 2008 - Chairman of the Presidium of the Council for the Implementation of Priority National Projects.

In October 2007, he announced the completion of a project to connect all Russian schools (59 thousand) to the Internet.

Participation in the Russian presidential elections

On November 14, 2005, with the appointment of Dmitry Medvedev to the restored post of First Deputy Prime Minister in charge of national projects (his son Boris Kovalchuk was appointed as Medvedev’s assistant and director of the department of national projects), his election campaign de facto began on central television channels. In the same year, his election website was registered.

In February 2006, the Russian press mentioned him as the favorite (in the eyes of President V.V. Putin) of the informal presidential campaign.

In January 2007, Dmitry Medvedev was the main potential candidate for the presidency of Russia. According to the Yuri Levada Analytical Center, 33% of voters were ready to vote for Medvedev in the first round of the presidential election, and 54% of voters in the second round.

In May 2007, Dmitry Medvedev cedes his position to another government candidate, Sergei Ivanov. According to Levada Center polls, 18% of respondents were ready to vote for Medvedev in the first round, while 19% were ready to vote for Ivanov. If Ivanov and Medvedev together reached the second round, then, according to the survey, Ivanov’s chances look preferable (55% for him).

On October 18, 2007, when the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation, Viktor Zubkov, abolished the practice of broadcasting government meetings to journalists, the active phase of Medvedev’s election campaign began.

On December 10, 2007, V. Putin supported the candidacy of D. Medvedev for the post of President of the Russian Federation. “As for the candidacy of Dmitry Anatolyevich Medvedev, I have known him very closely for more than 17 years, and I fully and completely support this candidacy,” commented President Putin. The parties “United Russia”, “A Just Russia”, the Agrarian Party and “Civic Force” proposed Dmitry Medvedev as their parties’ single candidate for the presidency of Russia. At the same time, according to current legislation, a presidential candidate can be officially nominated by only one political party.

On December 11, 2007, Dmitry Medvedev, in a statement broadcast on state television, said: “I am asking him to give his consent in principle to head the government of Russia after the election of a new president of our country.”

On December 17, 2007, Dmitry Medvedev was nominated as a candidate for the post of President of Russia at the United Russia party congress. During the secret ballot, 478 delegates voted for Medvedev, and 1 delegate voted against.

On December 20, 2007, Dmitry Medvedev notified the Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation of his nomination.

On September 24, 2011, at the XII Congress of the United Russia party, Dmitry Medvedev proposed that the congress support the candidacy of Vladimir Putin in the presidential elections in 2012 and announced his readiness to become Prime Minister of the Russian Federation.

The nomination of Medvedev as a candidate was supported by official representatives of a number of religious organizations: the Russian Orthodox Church, the Spiritual Administration of Muslims of the European Part of Russia, the Congress of Jewish Religious Communities and Organizations of Russia.

Dmitry Medvedev lost weight; for this purpose, a treadmill was installed in his office.

Senior Research Fellow at the Institute of International Economics. Peterson (The Peter G. Peterson Institute for International Economics) Anders Åslund argued that in light of the inter-clan struggle in the Kremlin that intensified at the end of 2007, the appointment of D. Medvedev as the only candidate from the Kremlin is by no means a foregone conclusion. He also regarded the situation that developed after Medvedev’s nomination as a candidate as “a classic situation on the eve of a coup.”

Presidency

Election and assumption of office

On December 10, 2007, he was nominated as a candidate for President of the Russian Federation from the United Russia party. On the same day, Medvedev’s candidacy was supported by the parties “A Just Russia”, the Agrarian Party of Russia and the “Civic Force” party. This decision was made at a meeting in the Kremlin of President Vladimir Putin, Medvedev himself, as well as Chairman of the State Duma Boris Gryzlov, Chairman of the Federation Council Sergei Mironov and the heads of the Agrarian Party Vladimir Plotnikov and the Civil Power party Mikhail Barshchevsky. V.V. Putin approved Medvedev’s candidacy, his official nomination as a candidate took place on December 17, 2007. Medvedev previously discussed his nomination with President Putin.

On December 20, 2007, while submitting documents to the Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation, he announced that he would leave the post of Chairman of the Board of Directors of OJSC Gazprom if he was elected President of Russia, in accordance with the law.

The election headquarters of Dmitry Medvedev was headed by the head of the Presidential Administration, Sergei Sobyanin, who went on vacation while working there. The main themes and slogans of the campaign were:

improving the level and quality of life of the population, continuing work on priority national projects;

laying the principle “freedom is better than lack of freedom” as the basis for state policy...(speech at the V Krasnoyarsk Economic Forum “Russia 2008-2020. Managing Growth” on February 15, 2008);

“...the main thing for our country is the continuation of calm and stable development. What is needed is simply decades of stable development. What our country was deprived of in the twentieth century was decades of normal life and purposeful work” (speech at the II All-Russian Civil Forum on January 22, 2008);

following the ideas of Concept 2020 - development of institutions, infrastructure, innovation, investment, as well as cooperation and assistance to business;

the return of Russia to the status of a world power and its further development, integration into world relations, its own position on all key international issues, the widespread defense of Russian interests.

On March 2, 2008, he was elected to the post of President of the Russian Federation. While remaining a member of the Government, he was the elected President of the Russian Federation until the official assumption of office as President of the Russian Federation.

On March 3, 2008, President Vladimir Putin signed decree No. 295 “On the status of the newly elected President of the Russian Federation who has not taken office.” In accordance with the Constitution, D. A. Medvedev took office as President of the Russian Federation 2 months after the official summing up of the 2008 elections and 4 years after Vladimir Putin officially took office in 2004 - May 7, 2008 (at 12:00 pm minutes Moscow time).

In his inaugural speech, he stated that he considered the priority task in his new position to be “the further development of civil and economic freedoms, the creation of new civic opportunities.” He confirmed this course by signing his first decrees, which directly relate to the social sphere. In particular, the first document was a federal law providing for the provision of housing at the expense of the federal budget to all veterans of the Great Patriotic War in need of improved housing conditions until May 2010. The next decree “On measures for the development of housing construction”, as part of the modernization of the relevant infrastructure, provides for the creation of a Federal Fund for Assistance to the Development of Housing Construction. Its main goal will be to promote the development of predominantly individual residential construction: it is considered as a transitional link in the process of forming an affordable housing market and the future use of federally owned land plots as areas for subsequent development of private property. In addition, in order to promote the systemic modernization of higher professional education based on the integration of science, education and production, training of qualified personnel to meet the long-term needs of the innovative economy, the Decree “On Federal Universities” plans to continue the formation of a network of federal universities that provide a high level of educational process, research and technological developments. As part of the decree, the President instructed the Government to consider the issue of creating the Far Eastern Federal University, along with the already established Siberian and Southern Federal Universities. On May 27, 2008, Dmitry Medvedev resigned as Chairman of the Board of Directors of OJSC Gazprom, exactly a month later his successor in this post will be Viktor Zubkov, who also became Medvedev’s successor as First Deputy Prime Minister.

On July 3, 2008, D. A. Medvedev adopted a new “Concept of state policy of the Russian Federation in relation to the Russian Cossacks,” the purpose of which is to develop the state policy of the Russian Federation for the revival of the Russian Cossacks, generalize the principles of state policy of the Russian Federation in relation to the Russian Cossacks and the tasks of the Russian Cossacks in the field of public service, interaction of Cossacks and Cossack communities with state and municipal authorities. According to this concept, “Cossacks actively contribute to resolving issues of local importance, based on the interests of the population and taking into account historical and local traditions.” The goals of state policy in the field of Cossacks are the formation and development of state and other services of the Russian Cossacks, the revival and development of the spiritual and cultural foundations of the Russian Cossacks, for which financial, legal, methodological, information and organizational mechanisms and all the necessary conditions will be created and are being created.

Innovation activities. Skolkovo

In the annual message of the Russian President to the Federal Assembly dated November 12, 2009, D. A. Medvedev stated: “... it is necessary to complete the development of proposals for the creation of a powerful research and development center in Russia, which would be focused on supporting all priority areas, namely all areas. We are talking about creating a modern technology center, if you like, following the example of Silicon Valley and other similar foreign centers.”

On December 31, 2009, D. A. Medvedev issued order No. 889-rp “On the working group to develop a project for creating a territorially separate complex for the development of research and development and the commercialization of their results.”

At the beginning of the year, Vladislav Surkov, first deputy head of the presidential administration and deputy chairman of the modernization commission, was appointed head of the working group.

On March 18, 2010, at a meeting with student winners of the Olympics, D. A. Medvedev announced plans to create in Skolkovo, on the basis of the Moscow Business School of Management Skolkovo, an ultra-modern scientific and technological complex for the development and commercialization of new technologies.

On March 23, D. A. Medvedev, during a meeting of the Presidential Commission on Modernization held in Khanty-Mansiysk, announced that the innovation center in Skolkovo from the Russian side would be headed by the head of the Renova group of companies, Viktor Vekselberg.

Federal Law of the Russian Federation No. 244-FZ “On the Skolkovo Innovation Center” was signed by President Medvedev on September 28, 2010. According to the president’s plan, the Skolkovo project is aimed at creating a favorable environment for the concentration of international intellectual capital capable of generating innovation.

Medvedev headed the fund’s board of trustees, explaining this by the need to popularize Skolkovo’s ideas in Russia and abroad: “Skolkovo must become not only a good brand, but also an ideology that permeates the life of our society.” The President said that he is personally promoting the project abroad, talking about it with foreign leaders.

Later, on May 18, 2011, Dmitry Medvedev held a press conference on the territory of the Moscow School of Management Skolkovo. The president explained the choice of the meeting place with journalists by the need to modernize the country: “But I am especially pleased to talk about this here, in Skolkovo, because this is... a special platform that has significant, serious significance, because this is where new technologies are developed, this is where Skolkovo was created University, Skolkovo School, there will be an innovation center here...Skolkovo will be just such an important link in modernization, the most important, but, of course, not the only one.”

Five Day War

On the night of 7–8 August 2008, Georgian troops began intensive artillery shelling of the South Ossetian capital Tskhinvali and surrounding areas; A few hours later, the city was stormed by Georgian armored vehicles and infantry. As a result of the attack, more than ten servicemen of the Russian peacekeeping forces were killed and several dozen were wounded. The official reason for the attack on Tskhinvali, according to the Georgian side, was a violation of the ceasefire by South Ossetia, which, in turn, claims that Georgia was the first to open fire. According to a number of reports in several Russian newspapers, as well as Georgian intelligence statements released a month later, in September 2008, separate units of the Russian 58th Army were deployed to South Ossetia starting in the early morning of August 7, 2008. However, according to Russian data, as well as reports from a number of Western media and politicians, the Georgian side's claims about the early transfer of Russian troops are false. In the evening of the same day, the Georgian and South Ossetian sides of the conflict accused each other of violating the terms of the truce. On the morning of August 8, Georgian President Mikheil Saakashvili, in a televised address, announced the “liberation” by Georgian security forces of the Tsinagar and Znauri districts, the villages of Dmenisi, Gromi and Khetagurovo, as well as most of Tskhinvali; he accused Russia of bombing Georgian territory, calling it “classic international aggression”; general mobilization was announced in Georgia. On the same day, South Ossetian President Eduard Kokoity reported numerous casualties among civilians in South Ossetia and accused Georgian President Mikheil Saakashvili of genocide of the Ossetian people.

During the military conflict, both sides accused each other of various crimes.

“Tonight in South Ossetia, Georgian troops, in fact, committed an act of aggression against Russian peacekeepers and civilians. We will not allow the death of our compatriots with impunity. The perpetrators will receive the punishment they deserve.”

Medvedev later noted:

“Ultimately, for some time we still had hopes that this was still some kind of provocation that would not be carried through to the end. But at that moment, when the missile guns actually started working, the tanks started shooting, and I was informed about the death of our citizens, including peacekeepers, I did not hesitate for a minute and gave the order to defeat and respond.”

On August 9, Dmitry Medvedev began a meeting with Defense Minister Anatoly Serdyukov and Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces N. Makarov with the words: “Our peacekeepers and the units assigned to them are currently carrying out an operation to force the Georgian side to peace.” No information about the official document (decree or order of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief) on the basis of which the 58th Army and other units began operating was made public. According to the statement of the Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, Colonel General A. Nogovitsyn dated August 9, 2008, Russia was not at that moment in a state of war with Georgia: “All units of the 58th Army that arrived in Tskhinvali were sent here to provide assistance to the Russian peacekeeping battalion, which suffered heavy losses as a result of shelling of its positions by units of the Georgian army.”

On August 12, Medvedev announced that he had decided to complete the operation to “force the Georgian authorities to peace.” On the same day, Medvedev held negotiations with French President Nicolas Sarkozy, which ended with the adoption of a plan for resolving the armed conflict in Georgia (Medvedev-Sarkozy Plan). Medvedev characterized the actions of the Georgian army in the zone of the Georgian-South Ossetian conflict as genocide and ethnic cleansing. Medvedev noted that, despite Saakashvili’s statements about a complete ceasefire, in reality “there was no ceasefire on the Georgian side,” and shelling of the peacekeepers continued. Describing these actions, he compared the Georgian leadership to “thugs who smelled blood.”

Russia's military actions on the territory of a neighboring state caused a negative assessment and criticism from most Western states.

On August 14 (at the end of active hostilities in Georgia), Medvedev met in the Kremlin in an official setting with the President of the Republic of Abkhazia Sergei Bagapsh and the President of the Republic of South Ossetia Eduard Kokoity. During the meeting, Kokoity and Bagapsh signed six principles for resolving the Georgian-South Ossetian and Georgian-Abkhaz conflicts, previously developed by Medvedev and Sarkozy; The presidents of the unrecognized republics were informed that Russia would support any decision on the status of South Ossetia and Abkhazia that the peoples of these republics would make.

According to a FOM survey conducted on August 23-24, 2008, in the opinion of 80% of Russians surveyed in various regions of the country, “modern Russia can be called a great power”; 69% believed that Russian foreign policy was “very effective”; The vast majority of survey participants - 82% - said that "Russia should strive to become the most influential country in the world." Analyzing the FOM survey data, the FT wrote on September 23, 2008: “Russian society, which largely supported the war, has become a bastion of tough politics.”

Socio-economic policy

In May 2008, D. A. Medvedev signed a decree “On urgent measures to eliminate administrative restrictions in the implementation of business activities,” in which the government was instructed to develop and submit to the State Duma draft federal laws providing, in particular:

predominantly a notification procedure for starting a business activity, reducing the number of permits required for its implementation, replacing (mainly) mandatory certification with a declaration by the manufacturer of the quality of the products;

replacement of licensing of certain types of activities with mandatory liability insurance or the provision of financial guarantees.

On December 16, 2008, D. A. Medvedev signed a decree “On the reorganization of the federal state unitary enterprise “Center for Operation of Ground-Based Space Infrastructure Facilities” in the form of the merger of KB “Motor”, KBOM, KBTM, KBTKHM, NPF “Kosmotrans”, OKB “Vympel”, FCC "Baikonur" The reorganization was carried out in order to preserve, develop and optimize the use of intellectual, production and financial resources of the Russian rocket and space industry for the implementation of the federal program for the creation of space and ground systems.

Agriculture

As President, D. A. Medvedev continued V. V. Putin’s policy in the field of agriculture.

On June 5, 2009, D. A. Medvedev called grain production one of the priorities: “By introducing intensive farming methods, observing grain cultivation technology and increasing the average wheat yield to 24 centners per hectare (which we achieved in 2008), we can receive 112-115 million tons of grain per year. And with the introduction of additional sown areas - 133-136 million tons.”

In April 2010, the newspaper Le Figaro wrote that wheat production in Russia could for the first time in history exceed its harvest in the United States. According to the newspaper, this figure is the result of a new Russian agricultural strategy.

Nicolas Fragno, manager of Amundi Funds Global Agriculture, predicts that in 2010 Russia could become the third largest grain exporter and come close to the European Union in this indicator.

Financial crisis of 2008 and the domestic political situation

The global financial crisis affected the development of the Russian economy. Medvedev's public demand on July 31, 2008, to "stop creating a nightmare for business" - days after Prime Minister Vladimir Putin's harsh statements to Mechel management on July 24 - were seen by some observers as being in "direct contradiction" with each other.

The Financial Times dated September 18, 2008, in its material devoted to the analysis of the Russian economy, saw the primary reason for the collapse of the Russian stock market, the liquidity crisis and capital outflow in August - September 2008 in the country’s internal problems: “The Russian financial sector was hit hardest by the credit crisis in the USA. For the Moscow stock exchanges and banks, the international situation aggravated the existing crisis situation, which was explained mainly by internal factors, that is, the August Russian-Georgian war.”

On September 19, 2008, the international rating agency Standard & Poor's revised the forecast for the sovereign credit ratings of the Russian Federation from “Positive” to “Stable”; long-term credit ratings for obligations in foreign currency (BBB+) and for obligations in national currency (A- ), as well as short-term sovereign credit ratings (A-2) were confirmed.

On October 1, the head of the Russian Government, V. Putin, placed all responsibility for the financial crisis on the US government and “system”, saying:

“Everything that happens today in the sphere of economics and finance began, as we know, in the USA. This whole crisis that many economies are facing and, what is most sad, the inability to make adequate decisions is no longer the irresponsibility of specific individuals, but the irresponsibility of the system. A system that, as we know, aspired to leadership. But we see that it is not only unable to provide leadership, but is not even capable of making adequate, absolutely necessary decisions to overcome crisis phenomena.”

At the same Government meeting, it was announced that a decision had been made to sharply increase the tax burden on the wage funds of enterprises: from 2010, the unified social tax (UST) with a rate of 26% should be replaced by three insurance contributions totaling 34% of the wage fund. The decision to abolish the UST caused a negative reaction from Russian business; On October 2, 2008, “Business Russia” addressed Putin with a proposal to declare a moratorium on any tax innovations until the end of the financial crisis in world markets. Director of the FBK strategic analysis department, Igor Nikolaev, noted that increasing the effective rate from 20-22% to approximately 30% is “very much”: “This is a very bad decision, problems in the stock market and in the economy as a whole are complemented by powerful disincentives. We will not only reduce the rate of economic growth, but will completely reset it next year. If it were possible to choose the worst moment to increase the tax burden, then it was chosen.”

On October 6, 2008, the RTS index fell: during the day by 19.1% - to 866.39 points; in London, where trading did not stop, Russian blue chips fell in price by 30-50%).

On October 7, 2008, D. A. Medvedev, after a meeting with the economic bloc of the government, announced that the state would provide Russian banks with a subordinated loan in the amount of up to 950 billion rubles for a period of no less than five years. The news caused a temporary rise in the stock market. According to the World Bank, measures to strengthen Russia’s financial system made it possible to “stabilize the banking system in conditions of extreme liquidity shortages and prevent panic among the population: the net outflow of deposits from the banking system stabilized, the growth of foreign currency deposits began, bankruptcies among large banks were avoided, and The process of consolidation of the banking sector has been resumed.”

In October 2008, oil and gas giants (Lukoil, Rosneft, TNK-BP and Gazprom) requested government support to pay off debt on external borrowings.

On October 8, 2008, President Medvedev, speaking at the Conference on World Politics in Evian (France), outlined his thoughts on the nature and lessons of the economic crisis: in his opinion, the crisis was “led, first of all, by the economic “selfishness” of a number of countries.” He proposed a 5-point program, the first of which was: “in the new conditions, it is necessary to streamline and bring into the system both national and international regulatory institutions.” On the same day, it was reported that layoffs had begun in Russian companies - contrary to the promises of officials and analysts' forecasts, as well as the shutdown of GAZ conveyors and a reduction in the number of working days at KamAZ.

In connection with the adoption by the State Duma of a number of bills on October 10 and V. Putin’s statement that the Development Bank (Vnesheconombank), in which he is the Chairman of the Supervisory Board, will act as the operator for the placement of government funds (including funds from the National Welfare Fund of Russia) in Russian stocks and bonds, Russian Newsweek of October 13, 2008 reported that VEB is already taking shares of Russian enterprises as collateral as collateral for loans, which creates a “risk of nationalization” and redistribution of property.

On October 13, 2008, D. A. Medvedev signed a decree increasing guarantees for bank deposits of individuals to 700 thousand rubles.

On December 4, 2008, after a “direct line” from the Prime Minister, Putin told a BBC correspondent that the next presidential elections would take place in 2012, and that his cooperation with Medvedev was an “effective tandem”; The broadcaster regarded the fact that the "direct line" was conducted by Putin (and not the President) as evidence that "Putin has hardly relinquished any real power since leaving the presidency."

According to Rosstat data published in January 2009, the scale of the fall in real disposable income of the population in December almost doubled compared to November, reaching 11.6% (compared to December of the previous year), real wages fell by 4.6% (+7.2 % in November), the average monthly growth rate of the unemployed in the 4th quarter reached 23% (compared to the same period in 2007) against 5.6% in the 3rd quarter.

On December 30, 2009, V.V. Putin said that the active phase of the Russian economic crisis had been overcome.

In March 2010, a World Bank report noted that Russian economic losses were less than expected at the beginning of the crisis. According to the World Bank, this was partly due to the large-scale anti-crisis measures that the government took.

Personal life

Family

He married Svetlana Linnik in 1993, with whom he studied at the same school. My wife graduated from the LFEI, works in Moscow and organizes public events in St. Petersburg.

Son Ilya (born 1995), “having passed an honest casting,” in 2007 and 2008, under his own name, starred in the film magazine “Yeralash” (issues No. 206 and No. 219). In the summer of 2012, it was reported that Ilya Medvedev applied to three Russian universities (MSU, St. Petersburg State University and MGIMO), but finally chose MGIMO for study. At the end of August, Ilya Medvedev was on the list of those enrolled in the International Law Faculty of MGIMO. The list notes that Ilya entered the competition on a general basis (grades for the Unified State Exam - English - 94 points, social studies - 83 points, Russian language - 87 points, additional exam - 95 points out of 100 possible).

Aunt (father's sister) - Svetlana Afanasyevna Medvedeva, holder of the Order of Friendship of Peoples, excellent student of education of the USSR, honored school teacher of the Russian Federation, member of the Union of Writers and Journalists of Russia, author of nine poetry collections, two of which are songs (written in collaboration with composer Igor Korchmarsky ). Lives in Krasnodar.

Among the pets, the Medvedev family has a light gray Neva Masquerade cat named Dorofey and four dogs: a pair of English setters (brother and sister Daniel and Jolie), a golden retriever Aldu and a Central Asian shepherd dog. Medvedev's setters took first and second places in dog shows.

Personal property

According to his income declaration submitted to the Central Election Commission in December 2007, Medvedev has an apartment with an area of ​​367.8 m²; income for 2006 amounted to 2 million 235 thousand rubles.

According to Novaya Gazeta dated January 10, 2008, since August 22, 2000, he has been registered in his own apartment with an area of ​​364.5 m² in an apartment building in the Golden Keys-1 residential complex at the address: Minskaya street, building 1 A, apt. 38. Also, according to Novaya Gazeta, according to data from the Unified Register of Home Owners for 2005, in Moscow Dmitry Medvedev owned another apartment at the address: Tikhvinskaya Street, building No. 4, apt. 35; total area - 174 sq. meters.

According to the website vsedoma.ru dated September 18, 2008, the Medvedevs actually lived in the Gorki-9 presidential residence, which was previously occupied by Boris Yeltsin and his family.

Since 2008, Medvedev and his family have been using for their summer holidays the ancient Milovka estate, reconstructed with his participation, in the town of Plyos on the Volga, which the Financial Times calls “Medvedev’s residence.”

For 2010, Dmitry Medvedev's income amounted to 3,378,673.63 rubles. There are 4,961,528.98 rubles in bank accounts. Owns a land plot in Russia with an area of ​​4,700 m² on a lease basis. In addition, Dmitry Medvedev owns a 1948 GAZ 20 Pobeda passenger car.

The wife and son of Dmitry Medvedev did not declare any income for 2010 and do not have any money in their bank accounts.

Hobbies

According to information in the media (in December 2007), Dmitry Medvedev was fond of hard rock and practiced swimming and yoga since childhood.

Dmitry Medvedev is known as an active user of Apple products. Thus, it was reported that Dmitry Medvedev was using the Apple iPhone even when this phone had not yet been officially supplied to Russia and was not certified, and in 2010 the Russian president became the owner of an iPad, although these devices were not yet sold in Russia at that time. Also, while watching videos on the website of the President of Russia, video recordings of the President’s addresses were discovered, which included Apple MacBook Pro laptops and a more budget version of the MacBook Black. In addition, Steve Jobs (the head of Apple) gave Dmitry Medvedev an iPhone 4 in June 2010, the day before it appeared on US store shelves.

He is known as a fan of the professional football club Zenit St. Petersburg, for which he has been a fan all his life. Favorite rock band - Deep Purple.

Sometimes Dmitry Medvedev listens to the music of the group Linkin Park: Dmitry Anatolyevich’s son Ilya is a fan. Also, among their joint musical preferences are such Russian performers as: “Time Machine”, “Splin”, “Earthlings”.

Medvedev is interested in photography. I started taking photographs as a child using a Smena-8M camera. Already as president, he participated in the open-air photography exhibition “The World through the Eyes of Russians”, held in March 2010 on Tverskoy Boulevard in Moscow. Today Medvedev's arsenal includes cameras from Leica, Nikon and Canon.

Medvedev himself spoke about his passion for photography:

“Of course I like photographing people. But photographing people is not at all easy for me. After all, because of my work, it will look quite strange if at some point I run out with a camera and start photographing someone. I'm afraid people just won't understand me. »

I quit smoking in my fourth year; before that, by my own admission, I smoked 5-7 cigarettes a day.

Medvedev is sympathetic to the “Dimon” appeal that has spread in the blogosphere, finding it quite mild for the Internet. Also, depending on taste preferences, classmates and fellow students can turn to him.

Attitude to religion and the national issue

By his own admission, Dmitry Medvedev is Russian; at the age of 23, by his own decision, he accepted Orthodox baptism “in one of the central cathedrals of St. Petersburg”, after which, as he believes, “another life began for him...”.

His wife, Svetlana Medvedeva, is the head of the board of trustees of the targeted comprehensive program “Spiritual and moral culture of the younger generation of Russia,” led by Abbot Cyprian (Yashchenko).

While in Kazan in November 2007, Dmitry Medvedev said: “Increasing religious education is the task of the state, religious associations, and the domestic education system.” There he expressed support for “the proposal to grant religious educational institutions the right to accredit their educational program according to state standards.” He expects that the new composition of the State Duma will, as a matter of priority, adopt a law on state accreditation of educational programs for non-state, including religious, educational institutions. Also in Kazan, he supported the proposal of representatives of Muslim organizations to grant leaders of traditional faiths in Russia the right to speak on federal television channels.

Considers it expedient to have religious leaders in the army environment.

Advocates for the development of simplified mechanisms for granting Russian citizenship to religious figures.

On August 24, 2009, in the Ivolginsky datsan, he was proclaimed the incarnation of White Tara - the highly revered incarnation of the bodhisattva in Buddhism. After the initiation ritual, which took place without any special ceremony, D. Medvedev said:

Criticism

Almost all national projects curated by Medvedev were criticized.

In the appeal of the Russian opposition, “Putin must go,” published on March 10, 2010, Dmitry Medvedev was called an “obedient locum tenens” and “a modern Simeon Bekbulatovich.” Claims about Medvedev's lack of independence and significant dependence on his predecessor were repeated many times in many media throughout his entire term of office, but according to Alexei Kudrin, who worked in Putin's government under President Medvedev, these ideas are largely exaggerated:

It is believed that Medvedev's freedom of action was very limited. But I witnessed the development and adoption of many key decisions. And I can assure you: Putin was not as restrictive as he is considered. Yes, there are areas where he and Putin made decisions only together. However, Medvedev had a lot of opportunities and freedom.

Director of the Institute of Globalization Problems M. G. Delyagin, assessing Dmitry Medvedev’s annual report on the work of the government (dated April 17, 2013), expressed the opinion that Medvedev showed his inability to manage anything, even the course of his own speech, and that he is an extremely valuable and deficient administrative a resource roughly called a scapegoat - that is, a person who will be fired to maintain stability when the socio-economic crisis enters an open phase.

The motorcades of Medvedev, Putin and other top officials of the state have repeatedly caused a negative reaction from motorists who were forced to stand in traffic jams for hours due to road closures. In particular, Medvedev’s passage through St. Petersburg on October 10, 2012 was obstructed. According to the city governor Georgy Poltavchenko, “... only the lazy did not honk the horns. People were standing and raising all sorts of fingers.” On October 17, 2012, the press secretaries of D. Medvedev and V. Putin, Natalya Timakova and Dmitry Peskov, announced that the security service was developing and had already begun to use alternative routes for the movement of motorcades. In particular, using helicopters.

Allegations of corruption

On September 15, 2016, Alexei Navalny published an investigation by the Anti-Corruption Foundation on Medvedev’s alleged dacha - the ancient Milovka estate in the city of Plyos, which he has been using since 2008. After 2011, the complex was transferred to the “Fund for the Preservation of Historical and Cultural Heritage” - thus, the residence is not directly owned by Medvedev, but he regularly vacations there. According to Navalny, who provided footage from a quadcopter, the complex, adjacent to the banks of the Volga, contains a private pier, a ski slope, three helipads, several houses, a hotel, indoor and outdoor swimming pools and other buildings, and its total area is 80 hectares. The property is surrounded by a six-meter fence, the main manor house is surrounded by another, internal fence. The 4th Department of the First Directorate of the Security Service of the President of the Russian Federation is located in Milovka itself. FBK estimated the costs of restoration of the estate and other construction at 25-30 billion rubles. According to his assumption, 33 billion rubles were spent on the purchase and improvement of the site, allocated by the shareholders of the Novatek company for charity to the Dar Foundation, affiliated with the Medvedev couple - in which Navalny sees signs of corruption. Two days after the publication of the investigation, Navalny announced that the airspace over the estate was closed to flights.

On March 2, 2017, Navalny and the Anti-Corruption Foundation published the investigative film “He’s Not Your Dimon.” The film talks about the alleged property of Dmitry Medvedev. According to the authors of the film, through charitable foundations and organizations legally registered in the name of Medvedev’s proxies (including relatives and classmates), he owns expensive real estate purchased with money from oligarchs and loans from Gazprombank. Medvedev called Navalny’s accusations “false products of political crooks.”

On March 22, State Duma deputy from the Communist Party of the Russian Federation Valery Rashkin sent a parliamentary request to the head of the Investigative Committee of Russia, as well as the heads of the FSB, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Prosecutor General's Office with a request to check the data on the corruption activities of Dmitry Medvedev, which was described in the FBK investigation, to which on April 20, 2017 the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation answered him that the facts presented in the film do not constitute a basis for starting an investigation, and his appeal was sent to the Prosecutor General's Office.

On March 26, 2017, rallies were held in 100 cities of Russia against corruption in the highest echelons of power, which was stated in the film “He’s Not Your Dimon.” The speeches included demands to respond to the accusations made personally against the Prime Minister. To the question “How did Dmitry Medvedev spend this day?” The head of government responded in his blog on Instagram: “Not bad, I went skiing,” which caused a critical reaction in the media.

On April 5, 2017, the Russian State Duma rejected the proposal of the Communist Party faction to check the materials published by the Alexei Navalny Anti-Corruption Foundation, dedicated to Dmitry Medvedev.

On April 11, 2017, Alisher Usmanov filed a libel lawsuit against Navalny and FBK for publishing “defamatory honor and dignity” information presented in the film “He’s Not Dimon to You.” On May 31, 2017, the Lyublinsky District Court of Moscow upheld this claim and ordered the defendant to remove all videos and materials dedicated to the film, as well as publish a refutation.

Titles, awards, ranks

Awards

Russian Awards

Order of Merit for the Fatherland, 1st class (September 14, 2015) - for outstanding services to the state, great contribution to the socio-economic development of the Russian Federation

Medal "In memory of the 1000th anniversary of Kazan".

Gratitude of the President of the Russian Federation (July 8, 2003) - for active participation in the preparation of the Address of the President of the Russian Federation to the Federal Assembly for 2003

Laureate of the Government of the Russian Federation Prize in the field of education for 2001 (August 30, 2002) - for the creation of the textbook “Civil Law” for educational institutions of higher professional education

Commemorative medal of A. M. Gorchakov (Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, 2008)

Foreign awards

Order of Glory (Armenia, 2011) - for a significant contribution to strengthening friendship between the Armenian and Russian peoples, strengthening the strategic partnership between the two countries, as well as personal contribution to ensuring stability and security in the region.

Order "Danaker" (Kyrgyzstan, 2015) - for significant contribution to the development of strategic cooperation between Kyrgyzstan and Russia, as well as for strengthening comprehensive ties between the peoples of the two countries.

Confessional awards

Star of the Order of St. Mark the Apostle (Alexandrian Orthodox Church, 2009).

Order of Saint Sava, first degree (Serbian Orthodox Church, 2009).

Honorary academic titles

Honorary Doctor of the University of World Economy and Diplomacy under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Uzbekistan (2009) - for great merits and contribution to the development and strengthening of relations, friendship and cooperation between Russia and Uzbekistan.

Honorary Doctor of Baku State University (Azerbaijan, September 3, 2010) - for services to the development of education and strengthening Russian-Azerbaijani relations.

Honorary Doctor of Law from Korea University (Republic of Korea, 2010).

Awards

Laureate of the Themis Prize for 2007 in the category “Public Service” “for his great personal contribution to the development of the fourth part of the Civil Code and for his personal presentation of the bill in the State Duma.”

Laureate of the International Foundation for the Unity of Orthodox Peoples Award “For outstanding activities in strengthening the unity of Orthodox peoples. For the affirmation and promotion of Christian values ​​in the life of society” named after His Holiness Patriarch Alexy II for 2009 (January 21, 2010).

Other awards

Certificate of honor from the Collective Security Council of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (December 20, 2011) - for active and fruitful work on the development and deepening of military-political cooperation within the framework of the Collective Security Treaty Organization.

D. A. Medvedev is a Russian statesman and political figure, Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation, Chairman of the United Russia party. From 2008 to 2012 he served as President of the Russian Federation. In the period from 2000 to 2008. held senior positions at Gazprom.

Dmitry Anatolyevich Medvedev was born in Leningrad on September 14, 1965. He is the only child in the family. His father Anatoly Afanasyevich Medvedev worked as a professor at the institute.

Mother Yulia Veniaminovna also taught at the university. Then she worked as a tour guide in the city of Pavlovsk. The family at that time lived in the residential area of ​​Leningrad Kupchino. Dmitry Medvedev still maintains ties with his home school No. 305, where he is remembered as a very diligent and diligent student who spent more time at home reading books than walking in the yard with friends.

Dmitry Medvedev continued to show an equally serious attitude to his studies. In 1987, he successfully graduated from the Faculty of Law of Leningrad University, and three years later – graduate school. He successfully combined his postgraduate studies with work as an assistant at the Department of Civil Law of Leningrad State University. The result of a diligent attitude to scientific knowledge was the defense of a Ph.D. dissertation.

Since 1988, Medvedev began his teaching career. I read civil and Roman law at my native university. He taught until his move to Moscow in 1999, but from June 1990, Medvedev’s political activity began in parallel, which required a lot of time and effort.

He, together with Vladimir Putin, became one of the assistants to the chairman of the Leningrad City Council, Anatoly Sobchak. Medvedev worked as a legal expert on the Foreign Relations Committee, which was headed by Putin. Soon, Dmitry Anatolyevich became an adviser to Putin, who by that time already held the post of first deputy mayor of St. Petersburg.

In March 1994, Medvedev was already working as an adviser to Putin, who took the position of first deputy mayor of the city. From that moment on, their destinies and political careers were closely intertwined. When Putin received the post of Prime Minister of Russia in the late autumn of 1999, he immediately invited Medvedev to his team, appointing him as deputy to Alexander Voloshin, who at that time headed the presidential administration.

In February 2000, Dmitry Medvedev headed the election headquarters of Vladimir Putin, who successfully became President of the Russian Federation. After this victory, Medvedev received the post of first deputy head of the presidential administration. In addition, Dmitry Medvedev has held other important positions during these years. He becomes chairman of the board of directors of OJSC Gazprom, where he heads the group for liberalizing the company's stock market.

After several years of active collaboration with Vladimir Putin, it becomes clear to many that Dmitry Medvedev is a serious contender for the position of successor to the President. Already in October 2006, as a result of a sociological survey, Medvedev received 30% of the votes of respondents who saw him as the new President of the Russian Federation after the end of Vladimir Putin’s second term.

On September 24, 2007, the next composition of the Russian government was determined. Medvedev became its first deputy prime minister. On December 10, 2007, representatives of four parties, namely: “A Just Russia”, “United Russia”, the Agrarian Party and the “Civil Power” party approved Medvedev’s candidacy as a candidate for President of Russia. Vladimir Putin did not object to this decision.

In the presidential elections on March 2, 2008, Dmitry Medvedev received more than 70% of the votes and won a landslide victory. On May 7, he solemnly took office as President of the Russian Federation. After four years of rule, Medvedev will refuse to participate in the election campaign in favor of his comrade-in-arms Vladimir Putin. He, in turn, will again appoint Medvedev to the post of Prime Minister of Russia in May 2012.

Journalists managed to find out that within the Kremlin walls Medvedev has a nickname - Vizier. Among specialists, Dmitry Anatolyevich is known for his monographs in the field of transport law, legal regulation of credit and settlement relations.

Since 1993, Medvedev has been married to the daughter of military personnel, Svetlana Linnik. They met during their school years, as they studied in parallel classes. Interestingly, the first teachers Medvedeva and Linnik were friends, so they often took their classes on walks together. In 1995, a son, Ilya, was born into the Medvedev family.