How to make a building accessible to people with disabilities and people with limited mobility. Moving around the apartment What are the main requirements for living space?

Moscow, like no other city in Russia, pays more and more attention to people with disabilities every year. For a long time now, houses have been built where disabled people live on the first floors in specialized apartments under a free rental agreement. We went to one of these apartments with Vyacheslav Ivanovich and Tatyana Aleksandrovna Obyedkov, disabled people of the second group, on Izyumskaya Street.

Separate entrance, own lift

The area is new, green. The children's playground is equipped with ramps, the lush greenery of bushes and flowers, generously sprinkled with rain, is pleasing to the eye. The second entrance is here. And we are more to the right. It turns out that there are such happy owners of separate entrances, and even with an individual lift. Let's say hello and get to know each other. And while the owner, having left his apartment, shows us the lifting device, we wonder, what about this in the common entrance? I mean with a lift.

He only lasted a week, poor fellow,” Vyacheslav Ivanovich volubly explains, “and “surrendered” to the delight of the vandal winners. They, “amateur techies,” don’t understand - for a disabled person, such a device means a good mood, a quiet life, convenience, in the end. Therefore, my wife and I cherish and cherish our “friend”. But he serves us faithfully.

When we first looked at the apartment, we really liked it: brand new, brand new, in the corridor hall, by my standards, a TV, a sofa with a small bookcase could easily fit in. Cheerful wallpaper, a smooth ceiling, without differences and panel defects, usually exaggerated by whitewashing. The kitchen again pleased with its spaciousness. True, my thigh was a little constrained by the electric stove at the entrance. How does a wheelchair user get in here? In addition, the switch key was located just above the stove.

The owners’ daughter, Yulia, told me that they wanted to make the work area a corner, but the sloping wall prevented this: “The builders explained - they didn’t screw it up at all, that’s what the project stipulated.”

By the way, according to the new residents, the nearby houses have the same project, with the same flaws. But in the house opposite the sloping walls in the kitchen it is not visible, the stove is in the “working” area, and the switch is located at a height convenient for a disabled person. Another project? Have you taken into account the wishes of the workers? Or maybe the series of the house is more modern, that is, improved? We follow the hospitable hosts further through the apartment. The living room is beyond praise. There is nothing to complain about. Unless I would change the swing doors to compartment doors - the area of ​​the room would increase. And it would be much more convenient for users.

So, where does the light turn on here? It looks like the builders are playing a game of hide and seek with us (probably, this is what is provided for in the project). In the depths, around the bend and again at a considerable height, the treasured switch key was discovered.

The bedroom did not cause any complaints. Spacious, fresh, like a bride on the eve of her wedding. I didn’t even really want to think about the switch here.

Well, what kind of light can there be in the bedroom? A funny question, that's all.

Escort required

The line reached the common areas, that is, the toilet and bathroom. Its location did not cause any complaints. On the contrary, this was something one could only dream of in one’s brightest dreams. And this room could easily be called hygienic, so many different types of equipment were placed and installed here. Excuse me, what kind of units are these? Cold and hot water meters were placed here so widely and freely, as if they, and not people, were the main characters here. Clearly, this is not our wretched bathroom with a total area of ​​0.9 square meters! Space! So they “lost their belts.”

To move a disabled person into the bathtub, engineers came up with a complex design. Vyacheslav Ivanovich readily demonstrated to us the “washing” action. Using a hydraulic lift, the green bathroom chair instantly moved over the edge of the bathroom. Vyacheslav Ivanovich, with our support, moved from the wheelchair to the green chair and a minute later he was proudly sitting in the bathroom:

But you won’t be able to reach the taps,” I blurted out involuntarily.

Of course, even if the arms were much longer,” the disabled man calmly answered me. - You see, there is a warning stuck on the wall - do not turn on the lift without a second person (accompanying)! And there should be no unnecessary objects in its area at all. And the fact that the cranes are far away is due to safety regulations for disabled people. Everything in the bathroom is quite slippery. Therefore, a disabled person must be constantly supervised. Or accompanied by another person.

Wow, a “trifle”!

Next to the toilet there was a second washing place - the so-called summer shower. A person is seated on a bench, soap and shampoo are whipped up.

Water is in close proximity - the shower is mounted on low, comfortable stands. Where does the water go? But in this very drain. It's amazing how everything has been thought out! But then they told me a heartbreaking story.

The neighbors decided to wash the disabled man. And since for many reasons he couldn’t use the bathroom, they sat him down on a bench and began. We soaped up, turned on the shower, and a second later we realized that the drain was not working at all! The water, of course, was immediately turned off - and the remains were collected by four hands, it’s good that the granddaughter came to her parents for a housewarming party. Fear for my own apartment overwhelmed the fear for the new housing of the neighbors below.

How can you call such things? Little things? Shortcomings? Someone can reproach me: do you know in which “studios” many Moscow disabled people live? With what inhuman difficulties are they forced to undergo hygiene procedures? I've seen it several times. I also had the opportunity to live in a communal apartment, where a lonely pensioner, Anna Sergeevna, sometimes walked on a special chair (the wheelchair simply could not turn around) along the long, gut-like Old Arbat corridor. She had no other means of transportation. And the question of moving into my own apartment was postponed and postponed...

It is wonderful that much has changed in the lives of Moscow disabled people. It's good that there is something positive. The positives are always welcome. And I want to smile at our current new residents, who are lucky enough to get such a wonderful apartment. And I want to believe that very soon there will be even more such houses, such apartments.

And all the disadvantages will be a thing of the past.

Reference

As part of the implementation of city programs to create a barrier-free environment, 1,263 lifting platforms for people with disabilities were installed in residential buildings in Moscow. Their equipment with dispatch control equipment continues. This year it is planned to install 138 lifting platforms for people with disabilities, as well as equip 290 previously installed platforms with dispatch and visual control means.

Reference

In apartments of people with severe mobility restrictions, a pilot project is being implemented to install a portable ceiling lifting rail system “Multiroll”, which allows moving a disabled person to a given point in the apartment.

The system has already been installed in 30 apartments. Work is being carried out in 151 apartments.

For each of us, home is a comfort zone. Everything here is familiar and familiar, everything is in its place. You can move around your “native” apartment even in pitch darkness, overcoming all possible obstacles on autopilot. Muscle memory allows you to open doors and windows and turn on lights without thinking.

But even a familiar home can suddenly become an obstacle course for a wheelchair user. He needs the so-called barrier-free environment first of all in his own apartment and only then outside it. Therefore, it is so important to equip the existing living space to meet the individual requirements of special residents.

Moving is the best solution

The ideal option, according to experts interviewed by RIA Novosti, would be to change the existing apartment, specially prepared for a disabled person. Fortunately, social housing currently under construction can boast of the availability of appropriate proposals. Typically, special apartments are located on the first floors of houses, have increased dimensions and minimally necessary equipment.

However, not many people manage to become owners of such apartments. Most wheelchair users are registered in ordinary apartments and independently arrange and live in them according to their needs. But, as practice shows, it is quite possible to turn even an ordinary apartment into a special one. The main thing is to take into account everything necessary.

Expanding the space

A person who uses a wheelchair or uses crutches needs to create conditions that allow him to be as independent as possible. This principle should be followed when starting to remodel an apartment, says architect Anastasia Topoeva.

Therefore, first of all, as the architect advises, it is necessary to expand the space for movement. After all, a person with disabilities needs more space both to pass and turn around.

In this regard, doorways need to be widened to a width of at least 0.9 meters, and interior corridors, albeit to the detriment of other rooms, to 1.15 meters - otherwise the possibility of free movement around the apartment for a disabled person will be limited.
A passage at least 0.915 meters wide must also be provided on at least one side of the bed.

It is extremely important to expand the exit to the balcony, if there is one. For disabled people who find it difficult to go outside regularly, the loggia becomes the only place where they can breathe fresh air at any time. Therefore, access to the balcony must be free.
In addition, you should get rid of unnecessary and bulky furniture in the rooms, hallway and kitchen. The arrangement of furniture should provide a free space of at least 1.5 meters for turning around a wheelchair.

The same rule is true for the bathroom and toilet, therefore, according to Topoeva, the bathroom will probably have to be combined. This is, of course, a troublesome and time-consuming task, but after such a redevelopment, a person in a wheelchair will have room to maneuver, and, consequently, more freedom of action.

Barrier-free apartment

It is necessary to eliminate other barriers that may also limit a disabled person. A seemingly harmless interior threshold can easily become a serious nuisance. Therefore, Topoeva advises to be sure to smooth them out or remove them altogether. The height of the threshold should not exceed 13 millimeters.

The most difficult thing to implement this will be in the case of a balcony, since it is usually located on a different level than the entire apartment, and there is a high threshold between it and the interior spaces. But the task is still feasible. For example, you can raise the floor level on the balcony.
In addition, you will have to get rid of all kinds of carpets and rugs, the architect points out. The floor covering must be smooth, without any protrusions.

If there is a shortage of space in corridors and rooms, it is better to replace ordinary swing doors with sliding sliding doors. In a wheelchair, pushing back such a door is much easier than opening a swing door, and, importantly, it requires less room to maneuver.

Access is open

Sliding doors will become a more convenient replacement for sliding wardrobes. It is more convenient to get things out of them, since in this case you can drive up close in a wheelchair. It is better to avoid hinged doors in the kitchen, and make the lower drawers retractable. Things that are needed every day should be put in them, and things that are used extremely rarely should be put in the top drawers, since they are located at a height inaccessible to a disabled person.

In general, the accessibility of things, objects and necessary equipment for a person in a wheelchair is determined by the height of their placement. Therefore, it is fundamentally important to place door handles, switches, plumbing fixtures, household appliances and other important household items at an accessible height: no more than 1.1 meters and no less than 0.85 meters from the floor, and at a distance of at least 40 centimeters from the side wall , comments the architect.

You should also remember about accessibility when changing window units.

Topoeva recommends making it possible to open the doors from below so that a disabled person can reach the handles located at an accessible height. You will have to think in advance about the dimensions of tables in an apartment where a person with limited mobility lives: the height of the table should be no more than 75 centimeters from the floor level, the width should be no less than 75 centimeters and the depth should be no less than 49 centimeters.

But Topoeva does not recommend placing the peephole on the front door below the usual level: it will still be impossible to see the guest’s faces through it. It is better to install a video intercom in the house, the architect is sure - this will allow a disabled person who spends most of his time at home to be sure that he is opening the door to someone he knows.

By the way, the issue of safety in a home where there are people with disabilities is of particular importance. Therefore, housing should be additionally provided with at least fire protection systems.

The bathroom, as the most dangerous place in the house, must be equipped with special handrails so that the disabled person has something to hold on to. In the kitchen, it is better to replace the gas stove with an electric one, which, as we know, is safer in everyday life.

Nice addition

It is useful to add LED lamps with changing color scenarios to the apartment lighting, Topoeva insists. Firstly, changing lighting color affects the perception of space. It does not seem static and monotonous, which is important for people who are forced to spend most of their time within four walls. Secondly, colored lighting essentially replaces chromotherapy (light and color treatment), which has a positive effect on a person’s psycho-emotional state and overall well-being.
Modern technology makes it possible to make the house completely controllable, says the architect. You can open doors, turn on lights, draw curtains and other actions without getting up from your seat by pressing one button on the remote control or on the computer. But not everyone can afford such options, Topoeva clarifies. Besides, you can do without them.

“When arranging an apartment for a disabled person, an individual approach is important,” comments expert on social and legal issues of the All-Russian Organization of Disabled People Yulia Monakhova. Some people are able to pull themselves up and move from chair to chair, which already solves many problems, but for others it’s hard to even firmly grasp the door handle, and here you can’t do without technical devices, she adds.

Children's wheelchair Ortonica PUMA

Mobility aids for disabled people

Wheelchairs and gurneys are necessary for the smooth movement of people with disabilities. Their design complies with international standards, and the mobility aids themselves are distinguished by a high degree of comfort and functionality.

Features of wheelchairs

There are different types of support devices and wheelchairs for people with disabilities. They can be used outdoors or at home. There are also special models for children and overweight people. Particular attention should be paid to the adaptation for the disabled with sanitary accessories (the set includes a bedpan and a special seat).

Multifunctional models are equipped with the option of adjusting the tilt of the armrests, legs and backrest.

Wheelchairs are equipped with:

• control panel with sound signal;
• brakes;
• folding footrests;
• reflectors;
• pneumatic or solid tires;
• anti-tip agents and so on.

When choosing a vehicle, you should take into account the weight of the disabled person and its parameters (they must correspond to the width of the chair). You also need to pay attention to the weight of the product, this parameter is especially important in houses where there are no ramps.

Electric vehicles are a good aid in mobility for disabled people.

Depending on the model and purpose, they will have different characteristics.

According to the law, a disabled person has the right to a comfortable home, equipped with special means and devices in accordance with an individual rehabilitation program. Families of disabled citizens also receive the right to expanded housing conditions.

How can a disabled person get an apartment? Let us outline the conditions and procedure for obtaining housing benefits.

Who is disabled?

Right to housing benefits

Conditions for providing housing to persons with disabilities

1. Family living in a residential building, the area of ​​which, when calculated for each relative, does not meet the required standards.
2. The technical and sanitary characteristics of the premises in which the disabled person and his family live do not meet the established standards.
3. The apartment of a person using a wheelchair is located above the 2nd floor.
4. The family of a disabled person lives in the same living space in adjacent non-isolated rooms with other families not related to them.
5. In the same living space with another family, if the family includes a patient with a serious chronic disease, with whom it is impossible to be in the same room.
6. A person with disabilities lives in a dormitory or in a communal apartment (there are exceptions to this subclause).
7. Accommodation for a long time on the terms of hiring, subletting or renting living space.

How to register for housing

How can a disabled person get an apartment? First of all, you need to register in the queue as someone in need of expanded living space. To do this, you will have to collect a package of documents and attach a corresponding application to it.

The list of documents for registration in the queue is as follows:

1. Certificate of recognition of a person as disabled.
2. A document that includes a set of rehabilitation measures (individual rehabilitation program).
3. Documents indicating compliance with the requirements of social services for obtaining housing (certificate of family composition, extract from the House Register).
4. Other documents upon request (medical certificates, extracts from the BTI, etc.)

Procedure for providing benefits

Preferential housing for disabled people of group 2

Disabled people of group 2 are recognized as having limited ability to work.

However, citizens of this category also need special living and care conditions, and therefore have the right to benefit from housing benefits from the state.

Group 2 disabled people registered as needing housing apply for housing provided under a social tenancy agreement.

Housing for disabled people of group 2 must meet certain requirements in order to ensure the comfort of the disabled person living in it.

How should the living space be equipped?

1. The apartment must contain devices that make life and movement easier for a person with disabilities.
2. The area of ​​the premises must meet the standards established for citizens of this category.
3. When designing an apartment building for the disabled, the characteristics of future residents are taken into account, and therefore the building is equipped with ramps and special elevators.

If a person living in the premises on the basis of a social tenancy agreement is sent to a special rehabilitation center or a home for the disabled, his housing will not be transferred to anyone for six months. If the citizen’s relatives remain in the apartment, then it is guaranteed that no one will occupy it for any period of time.

Singles are provided with separate housing only on the condition that the citizen is able to take care of himself without the help of third parties.

Other housing benefits

In addition to measures to provide living space, disabled people of any group apply for various housing benefits that ease their financial situation:

• A 50% discount on payments for utilities and housing services (rent, electricity, heating, water supply).
• Discount on the purchase of coal, gas and other heating means for residents of houses where there is no central heating.

In July, the Government of the Russian Federation approved new rules for residential premises adapted for people with disabilities. The Resolution stipulates actions to ensure the accessibility of residential premises for people with disabilities; the document also establishes rules that establish requirements for ensuring the adaptability of housing.

Changes and re-equipment of his living quarters will depend on the characteristics of the disabled person’s limited life support.

Some requirements and rules for residential premises for the disabled

The rules under consideration apply to all types of forms of ownership of individual residential premises of disabled people. According to the new document, the Ministry of Construction of Russia is obliged, within a period of no more than 3 months, to approve the rules and forms for inspecting housing and concluding (an act) on the economic feasibility of its major repairs or reconstruction. The created commissions will be required to recognize the citizen as disabled, characterize the living quarters and determine the need for their adaptation.

The new rules specifically define the requirements for access to residential premises, as well as common property, for children and adults with disabilities. Some rules for the territory and common areas:

• the territory of apartment buildings where at least one disabled person lives must be level (or have a rough surface) and have no gaps;
• installation of ramps (both instead of single steps and on the stairs);
• on the porch of an apartment building, the canopy must have a protective fence from snow, rain, as well as drainage of water drainage; it is mandatory to install electric lighting devices;
• An information sign must be placed at the entrance, indicating its number; there must also be such a sign on the door, and all information is printed in Braille.

The rules and requirements for the living quarters of a disabled person are as follows:

• availability of a living room;
• the presence of a combined sanitary unit and bathroom;
• the presence of a hall-hall with an area of ​​at least 4 square meters. meters;
• equipping all apartment thresholds with removable ramps (attached, overhead);
• The width between the walls for the movement of a disabled person's wheelchair must be at least 1.5 meters.

• the floor level should be zero level or no more than 14 mm, with beveled edges;
• drainage and drainage grids must be at the same level as the surface of the coating;
• the entrance area must have dimensions of no less than 1400 x 2000 mm or 1500 x 1850 mm;
• The slope of the coatings should not exceed 1-2%.

Ladder requirements:

• the number of rises (steps) of one level difference is no more than 12;
• the surface of the steps must be rough or have an anti-slip coating;
• The lower and upper steps need to be highlighted with color or texture.