What to do if your child has a rash. Rash on a child's body. Photo with explanations: in the form of pimples, small, itchy, red, without fever, itching, allergic. What could it be. Types of rashes in babies

Various infectious lesions often lead to similar problems. In order to avoid possible complications, you should consult a doctor. The location of the rash may vary. Any part of the body can fall into the zone of active rashes.

1.Rash in a child in the form of red dots most often provoked by allergic reactions. First of all, this is the diet, as well as clothing that fits the body. Often the rash is expressed by dotted oval or round spots. Its elevation above other parts of the body is not observed. The rash is only noticeable because of its color. The appearance of characteristic points occurs due to strong blood filling; they sometimes have edges and edges, and they can also be solid. The problem is divided into two main types:

• roseola - the specificity of this species is considered to be small in size from 3-30 mm;
• erythema - this subspecies is distinguished by its significant size, which starts from 3 cm.

They are most often located in the chest area and have a characteristic bright scarlet color.
2. Pimple-like rash- this is the main reaction to various internal or external environmental factors. They arise due to allergies, as well as infectious diseases. This problem has different types and forms. It can be represented by pustules that rise above the skin level and create a rounded void. Their sizes are quite large, about 1-1.5 mm in height. The main cause is considered to be an allergic reaction, accompanied by redness and itching. A similar rash in a child can also be associated with a hereditary factor. This disease is often transmitted from mother to child. Stress also often provokes a similar skin reaction.

Dermatologists divide pathology into 4 categories:

• Dry rashes- the formation of such redness occurs in the winter season, most often they are formed due to compaction of the stratum corneum of the epidermis. Treatment is carried out with cosmetics that remove dead particles and moisturize the skin.
• Watery - their appearance can be caused by various reasons (consumption of poor-quality nutrition, diathesis, use of bad cosmetics - creams, shampoos, foams, soaps). They are accompanied by severe itching. They are often symptoms of chickenpox, rubella, measles, scabies and dyshidrosis.
• Ulcers - a similar rash in the form of acne in a child may initially look like small red dots, but after a few days changes begin to form. Regular spots fill with pus. This problem is often caused by streptococcal and staphylococcal infections. You need to undergo a clinical blood and urine test, and then consult a doctor. It is necessary to give up sweets so as not to create an active environment for the proliferation of pathogens.
• Subcutaneous pimples - they arise due to blockage of the ducts with plugs that form from the sebaceous glands. Most often, this phenomenon goes away on its own, but if there are no changes, then it is still worth contacting a specialist.

3. Blistering rash- its manifestation can lead to a number of serious diseases.

• Pemphigus - it can be fatal. Damage to the immune system begins to occur when the body fights healthy and strong cells.
• Dermatitis herpetiformis is considered an autoimmune disease. This disease manifests itself in the form of blisters and blisters on the skin.

These types of infectious rashes in children can take two forms: they occupy about 50% of the child’s body or form on different parts of it. Often appear in a separate area and form only small itchy, round redness. Often occur due to systemic, skin or infectious diseases, as well as allergic reactions. After healing, the bubble will disappear and leave no traces. To begin therapy, it is necessary to identify the underlying cause and stage of the disease; for this, you must go to see a doctor.

4. Rash in the form of spots- represented by small redness of various colors. The color will depend on the pigment of the skin. If melanin is present, then, accordingly, the spots will be darker.

This type of skin rash in children is characteristic of such ailments as rubella, measles, scarlet fever, various diseases and skin tumors. The formation can be caused by various pathogens. This type of rash tends to merge into large spots. The lesion often worsens in the chest area. It should also be noted that pimples can appear due to contact, food and drug allergies.

Photos of the main elements of the rash

There are the following types of rashes in a child:

Characteristic location

Different types of skin rashes in children have their own locations. The rash can be located on almost any part of the body, causing itching, irritation and even severe pain.

• a rash forms on the elbow and arms, wrists, forearms;
• can form on the legs, more often on the inside, the main reason for this is an allergic reaction to food, but more serious cases also occur;
• the rash affects the face, and the cheeks are considered the focal point;
• The torso also undergoes this process; often rashes form in the chest area, and also in the scapular area.

Causes

The types of rash can be different, and the factor behind their appearance can be the same or different, so you need to determine why it occurred. For a child’s body, such a phenomenon is considered normal, since it is a reaction to external factors. There are main reasons why various rashes may appear:

1. Allergic reaction is the most common factor and is most often caused by food, pollen, pet dander, cosmetics, clothing, medications and insect bites. It is necessary to treat types of allergic rashes in children under the supervision of a doctor, since an uncontrolled reaction can develop into Quincke's edema or anaphylactic shock.
2. Severe stress- there are cases when the baby becomes covered with significant spots due to intense experiences. After time, they disappear on their own.
3. Insect bites- Even if a child does not have any type of allergy, a mosquito bite can leave unpleasant spots that are very itchy. Parents need time to notice the wound and treat it correctly. This type of rash goes away on its own after some time. If uncharacteristic large spots are noticed on the baby after a bite, it means that there is an allergic reaction.
4. Mechanical damage- various types of rashes in a child without fever can form due to tight and tight clothing, and they go away on their own after a certain time.
5. Infectious diseases- small spots on the body may indicate infection with rubella, chickenpox, scarlet fever, measles and even meningitis.
6. Bleeding disorder- the baby's skin begins to become covered with small bruises and bruises.
7. Allergy to sun or cold- it is recommended to consider this category separately, since the mechanism of such a reaction differs significantly from the standard reaction to cats or citrus fruits. This ailment can be attributed to seasonal problems.

When to call a doctor

Sometimes there may be little time to determine the type of rash in children, since the child may have a high fever, so you need to call a doctor immediately. In addition, the main danger factors include severe shortness of breath, swelling of the tongue and face, incredible headache, drowsiness, loss of consciousness and vomiting. If the rash turns brown, maroon or black in color, its elements are located deep in the skin and do not turn pale when pressed, you should consult a doctor as soon as possible.

Viral infections

Photos of the types of rashes in children that are caused by viruses are different, and they can be considered further. Such pathologies include the following diseases.

1. Measles- it causes a small rash, initially crimson-red in the mouth, and then throughout the body. A phenomenon often observed is the merging of elements that create irregularly shaped foci of influence. She experiences a high fever. Very rarely, but still the disease can be quite severe and lead to death. In the absence of vaccination, measles is very easily transmitted from person to person.
2. Rubella manifests itself as pink-red small spotty rashes that initially form on the head and then spread throughout the baby’s body. There may be complaints of sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, nasal congestion, fever and chills.
3. Chickenpox- spreads, as a rule, from top to bottom, initially on the scalp, and then observed on the chest, back and other areas. It appears as bright red small spots, which later degenerate into bubbles, and then burst and gradually dry out, forming crusts. If the case is advanced and severe, scars may remain. Accompanied by slight itching.
4. Herpes- manifests itself in the form of grouped blistering rashes inside the mouth or on the lips, which linger for several weeks. It also happens that this virus penetrates the nuclei of nerve cells, and the rash becomes chronic.
5. Infectious mononucleosis - is expressed in the form of densely located light red or pink spots with a diameter of 6-15 mm, with this disease they most often become painful. And then the occipital and cervical lymph nodes also enlarge. A sore throat almost always occurs; sometimes severe weakness, migraine, cough and fatigue begin to bother you.
6. Enteroviruses- appear as bubbles and are distributed throughout the body.
7. Roseola- these are pink spots that do not begin to appear immediately, but after the temperature has normalized. This usually occurs on days 4-5. Children aged 6 months to 3 years are most often affected.

Bacterial infections

Photos of the types of rashes in children who have a similar infection are presented below.

1. Scarlet fever- manifests itself in the form of minor millet-like rashes, with increased coloring in the folds of the skin. Everything is accompanied by slight itching, and as the rash subsides, plastic peeling forms. The disease is characterized by a pronounced change in the pharynx, a crimson-red tongue and acute pain in the throat.
2. Meningococcal infection- quite quickly forms small “blots” of red and blue color that resemble stars. There is always a high temperature.
3. Fungal infections of the epidermis(trichophytosis, ringworm, dermatomycosis). A clear sign of its presence is a ring-shaped formation that itches. Dandruff begins to form on the hair, and patchy baldness is possible.
4. Streptoderma- at the moment of illness, large blisters begin to appear, containing purulent contents, often with a yellowish-brown dry crust.

Allergic reactions

There are various types of rashes in children on the hands and throughout the body, which are provoked by poor diet, natural ingredients or things, such diseases include the following ailments.

1. Hives- similar in appearance to nettle burns, manifests itself as protruding bright red or pale pink blisters that suddenly appear and also subside. They present with severe itching and may experience extensive swelling.
2.Atopic dermatitis(diathesis, childhood eczema, neurodermatitis) - this type of rash appears in children on the elbows, neck, face, and also occurs on the legs, under the knees. The epidermis turns red and begins to peel, and sometimes weeping crusts are observed.

Other reasons

Very often, various rashes indicate problems in the functioning of internal organs. This:

• vascular ailments;
• changes in the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract;
• renal failure.

Infant acne- the problem occurs in the first year of life in breastfed babies. It is a consequence of the activity of the sebaceous glands, and the cause is an increase in the level of maternal hormones.

Milia (whiteheads) - look like tiny “pearls” and form more often in infants. They pass by themselves, as they are of a physiological nature.

Erythema toxicum of the newborn- these are yellow blisters that can appear 2-5 days after birth. Typically, no action needs to be taken.

Scabies- expressed by pairs of dots, most often in the interdigital areas. There is severe itching, the source is mites that infect the skin.

Types of rashes in children under one year of age

In small children who are wrapped tightly or improperly bathed, heat rash can often be found. It appears as a scattering of small, non-itchy, red blisters that are concentrated in the natural folds of the skin.

Against the background of a tendency to allergies and immunodeficiency, diaper rash is formed, which is an area with a bright red, moist and swollen surface. Often located in the folds of the neck, buttocks and groin.

Often diaper rash turns into gluteal erythema - this is a concentration of bright red erosions and nodules.

Often, children's rash occurs due to an allergic factor; such ailments include urticaria and various dermatitis.

Toxic erythema, which forms in the first year of a child’s life, is considered completely harmless. This is a mixed rash consisting of papules and blisters. The rash will go away on its own within a few weeks.

Pemphigus of a newborn is a rather dangerous disease caused by staphylococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa or streptococci. After slight redness, bubbles with cloudy content begin to appear, which burst and form erosions. Often found on the thighs and around the navel.

Among the infectious diseases that cause a rash, one can distinguish congenital syphilis, the main symptom of which is considered to be syphilitic pemphigus. In this case, the rashes are presented in the form of dense blisters filled with a clear liquid, which becomes cloudy over time. Inflammations are very often present on the torso, face and almost always on the palms and soles.

Urgent Care

It is already known what types of rashes children have, now you need to figure out what to do to help your baby.

When, in addition to redness, the following symptoms are present, you should immediately call a doctor:

• significant and sudden increase in temperature;
• the child has difficulty breathing;
• there is a hemorrhagic stellate rash;
• rashes cover the entire body and cause significant itching;
• loss of consciousness and vomiting begins.

Prevention

In order to protect your baby from infection, you need to vaccinate him on time. To avoid an allergic reaction, you need to introduce complementary foods correctly and not rush into new products. It is necessary to accustom your child to a healthy diet and harden it. This will help set up children's immunity in the right way and the child will not have such problems.

If a rash is noticed on your body, do not panic and call the doctor immediately. It is necessary to figure out whether the case is really critical or whether it is just a reaction caused by eating a chocolate bar or an insect bite. For bathing, it is better to use herbal decoctions, and buy clothes made of cotton fabric. Dyes also often cause reactions on the body.

When an epidemic of rubella or chickenpox begins in a kindergarten, it is recommended to leave the baby at home, since the disease spreads very quickly from contaminated sources.

In summer, it is necessary to ventilate the room, and then use a fumigator.

Children should not be allowed to squeeze pimples or pop them. This often provokes the spread of infection.

Every parent is required to know the types of rashes and the causes of rashes in children in order to provide timely help to the child.

If your baby has a fever, you should definitely call a doctor.

A red rash on a child’s body can be a manifestation of about a hundred diseases, from completely harmless (sweating heat) to terrible ones, for example, meningococcal infections. Today we will look at the main causes of rashes on children’s bodies and what to do if a rash appears on your child’s body.

Causes of the rash

The main causes of rashes can be divided into four groups:

• infectious and invasive diseases
• allergic reaction
• violation of proper child care
• blood and vascular diseases

Let's take a closer look at each of them.

If the cause of a child's rash is one or another infectious disease, then in most cases the rash is accompanied by other symptoms - fever, chills, malaise and loss of appetite.

Chickenpox (varicella)

The rash appears after two to three days of elevated temperature. The number of rashes at the beginning of the disease is small, however, over time, more and more new spots appear. It is characteristic that the spots quickly turn into tubercles, then into bubbles and finally burst, forming crusts. The rash is distributed throughout the body, even on the mucous membranes.

Measles

It appears on the fourth or fifth day after fever, cough and conjunctivitis. Spots that tend to merge appear on the child’s body.

When you have measles, the rash appears on the fourth or fifth day after the fever rises.

The peculiarity of measles is that on the first day, rashes appear on the face, then after a short time on the torso, and, after about a day, on the legs. By that time, the rash on your face may already have disappeared.

Rubella

Rubella spots spread like measles - from top to bottom. However, unlike measles, they spread much faster. The disease is accompanied by inflammation of the occipital lymph nodes. The spots disappear without a trace.

Rubella rash spreads like measles - from top to bottom

Pregnant women should avoid communicating with children with croasnia, especially in the first months of pregnancy.

Scarlet fever

The rash with scarlet fever begins within a few hours after a rise in temperature, sore throat and sore throat. Most often, a pinpoint rash appears in skin folds. In the second week of the disease, peeling forms after the rash. A characteristic sign of scarlet fever is a “grainy” tongue of bright red color, 2-4 days after the disease.

With scarlet fever, the rash begins a few hours after the fever rises

Patients are prescribed antibiotics to prevent complications in the kidneys and heart. Bed rest and drinking plenty of fluids are recommended.

Erythema infectiosum

Before the rash, the child shows signs of acute respiratory infections - fever, runny nose. Initially, the rash appears in the form of small dots on the face, which then merge. Gradually, the rash spreads throughout the body, uniting and forming spots. After about a week, the rash disappears, but sometimes it can reappear.

Before the rash with erythema infectiosum, the child shows signs of acute respiratory infections

Roseola

In children, the temperature rises, the lymph nodes become enlarged and the throat becomes inflamed. Then small rashes appear that quickly spread throughout the body.

With roseola, the child’s temperature rises and the lymph nodes become enlarged

No specific treatment is required for roseola.

Meningococcal infection

Typical symptoms of meningitis include fever, vomiting, drowsiness, stiff neck and rash. The rash first appears on the buttocks and feet, then spreads throughout the body. The rash looks like mosquito bites or injection marks.

With meningitis, the rash first appears on the buttocks and feet, then spreads throughout the body.

The disease develops very rapidly, so at the first signs of meningitis, call a doctor immediately.

Scabies

Scabies is caused by subcutaneous mites and most often appears on the stomach, between the fingers, and on the wrists. The rash is accompanied by severe itching, the rashes are often paired.

Most often, a scabies rash appears on the stomach, between the fingers, and on the wrists.

This is a very contagious disease; if it appears, you should consult a dermatologist.

Insect bites

In the case of insect bites, the affected areas are accompanied by itching, and bite marks are visible. Insect bites, as a rule, do not affect the general condition of the child, unless they cause an allergic reaction. Let's say wasp venom is very allergenic.

Allergic rash

One of the important differences between an allergic rash and an infectious one is that the child’s general condition does not suffer. He may become irritable if he is very itchy, but there is no fever or other signs. First of all, it is worth reviewing the diet of the child and the mother if she is breastfeeding, and also pay attention to baby care products and clothing - they should be hypoallergenic. If the allergic rash does not go away, consult a doctor.

With an allergic rash, the child’s general condition does not suffer

If the allergen is not removed, the child may experience anaphylactic shock.

Rash caused by poor child care

Due to improper care of the child, heat rash, diaper dermatitis and diaper rash can occur. Try not to wrap your baby too tightly and change his diapers and diapers on time. Air baths are recommended for children.

Improper child care causes heat rash

Rash due to blood and vascular disease

The rash occurs due to bleeding under the skin. Its main symptom is that when pressed, the spots do not fade or disappear. With such a rash, the child is advised to rest in bed until the doctor arrives.

The rash occurs due to bleeding under the skin

What to do if your child has a rash on his body?

• Call a doctor at home. So, if an infection occurs, you will not infect people in transport and in the clinic. Until the diagnosis is known, limit your child's contact with pregnant women
• If you suspect meningitis or find a hemorrhagic rash on your child’s body, call an ambulance immediately
• Until the doctor comes, you should not lubricate the rash, especially with dyes (green paint, for example) - this will only complicate the diagnosis.

Any rash on a child’s body requires timely treatment; if a rash appears, be sure to consult a pediatrician, because a rash that appears on your baby’s body can be either an ordinary heat rash or a sign of a serious illness.

It's no secret that babies' skin is very delicate and often breaks out in rashes or turns red. First of all, this is a signal that the baby’s body is exposed to adverse factors. Parents should read the instructions rash on a child's body photo with explanations, so as not to be scared at the first manifestations, but to help your child. Parents should have clear ideas about what to do if their child has a rash.

Poor environment and food that does not meet standards are the root cause of most diseases. But sometimes we provoke ourselves rash on a child's body.

Such provoking factors may be: the use of medications without prior examination, the use of aggressive household chemicals when cleaning, washing children's clothes and washing dishes.

Including a large number of sweets or citrus fruits in the child’s menu, using inappropriate milk formula, and not maintaining hygiene in everyday life and food. Having established the reasons, there is a chance to restore the child’s health.

Allergic rash in children photo

The child’s body’s reaction to allergens is an allergic rash. This is an ominous symptom, indicating that it is necessary to identify allergens and exclude the possibility of their exposure. If measures are not taken, the allergy will develop and turn into severe incurable forms. Risk factors are products containing allergens: chocolate, honey, citrus fruits, rose hips, eggs, infant formula. At the first signs of an allergic rash, it is too early to sound the alarm, but the signal from the child’s body should not go unheeded.
Tips for parents

Infants receive allergens from their mother's milk. For example, if a mother eats a lot of oranges, then after feeding the baby, a rash will soon appear on his skin. Pregnant women can give their baby allergies if they don't eat right. There are known cases when, using rosehip decoction in large quantities, a mother provoked an allergy in her baby, who began to suffer a month after birth. Hereditary factors also matter, and if the family suffered from such a terrible disease, then certain forms of allergies will be observed in children.

A child has a rash all over his body without fever

Erythema toxic may cause a rash without fever. Irregular red spots cover ninety percent of the body . A child has a rash all over his body without fever disappears after three days as toxins are removed from the body. Water on polysorb or other sorbents will help remove toxins.

Occurs in babies up to six months old. If you regularly bathe your child with baby soap, the rash will go away without a trace. The sebaceous glands restore their function, and the skin becomes clean and beautiful. Children need more air baths and cleanliness, less chemicals, good nutrition and care.

Allergic rash almost never accompanied by fever, but can lead to shock and even suffocation. You shouldn’t be especially alarmed if this is an isolated case, but if the rash recurs, you should identify the allergens and undergo treatment. Allergies can result in asthma or psoriasis. In childhood, it is easier to restore normal functioning of the immune system. If an allergy is left untreated, the consequences can be terrifying. In the chronic stage of allergies, the body destroys itself.

Rash due to enterovirus infection in children photo

If a rash appears on the child’s face or body and is accompanied by nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, then there is every reason to believe that the baby has caught enterovirus infection. Abdominal pain also indicates a virus. Recognize rash due to enterovirus infection in children photo will help:

This rash has the configuration of red small nodules, with many nodules localized in the chest and back, arms and legs, and face.

A rash may also appear on the mucous membranes of the mouth and tonsils. In this case, the child experiences pain when swallowing and loss of appetite.

You should consult a doctor immediately, since the rash is very similar to the manifestations of measles and will require examination and collection of tests. Once the diagnosis is made, it is necessary to take the doctor’s prescriptions. As a rule, a viral rash is accompanied by a cough and runny nose, but goes away within five or seven days without a trace.

Rash on a child's back

The rash on the back is accompanied by itching and the baby experiences discomfort and cries. This localization of the rash is typical when prickly heat when the child is overly wrapped or rarely washed. With heat rash, the rash on the child’s back is pink and very small and itchy.

Pustular acne on the back appears when vesiculopusulosis. They are filled with liquid and constantly burst, causing suffering and infecting areas of the skin around them. You should not bathe a child with such symptoms. It is necessary to treat bursting blisters with brilliant green so as not to become infected again.

Rash when scarlet fever also localized on the back. If before the appearance of the rash there was a fever and a headache, then these are signs of scarlet fever - an infectious disease. You should quickly consult a doctor for help and get tests done. Treatment will help avoid complications.

Even sunbathing can cause rash on baby's back. The best time to tan is morning and evening, but during the day your baby's skin may become blistered as a result of sunburn. After-sun milk or regular sour cream will help relieve redness.

Rash on a child's stomach

At food allergies The rash appears first on the abdomen. For example, if a child eats a bucket of strawberries, then within three hours he will be covered in a rash, starting from the stomach and to the top of the head, arms and legs. There will definitely be itching, and the child will be worried.

Rash on a child's stomach may appear when psoriasis– severe immune disease. But psoriasis is usually preceded by another immune disease - allergies. This rash first appears in the form of small pink papules covered with white scales in the navel area and between the ribs, in the lower abdomen, but if the scales are removed, the papule becomes bloody.

For infectious scabies Also, the rash breaks out in the abdomen first. At the same time, dark dots are visible on the papule - scabies mites nest there. For scabies, an infectious disease doctor prescribes special medications and ointments and isolates the patient from others.

To prevent a child from getting scabies at home and in kindergarten, it is necessary to change underwear and bed linen more often, and avoid contact with sick people.

The appearance of a rash in various diseases is just a visible part of the damage to human tissue. We don’t see most of it, because the internal organs and blood suffer more.

Red rash on a child's body

Accompanied by temperature red rash on a child's body happens when rubella- infectious disease.

You can get infected easily, but it goes away rubella difficult, sometimes with complications. With rubella, the lymph nodes also become enlarged. After taking treatment and restoring health in quarantine, the disease recedes and the skin becomes clear.

Scary symptom of meningococcal infection is red star-shaped rash. These are hemorrhages of blood vessels under the skin. The color may also be purple or bluish. At the first signs of such a rash, parents should take the child to the hospital and preferably immediately to the infectious diseases department. They will do the necessary tests faster there.

Scarlet fever rash also red. It starts under the arms and then goes down. At the end of the disease, the skin peels off and turns white.

Measles characterized by a red rash. Not only the child’s body, but also the face can become covered with a solid red spot within a day.

Usually, a rash on a child’s body causes a lot of concern among parents. Indeed, it is a common symptom of various infections, causing a lot of discomfort. However, timely treatment of skin rashes allows you to quickly forget about itching and burning.

A rash in a child can appear not only on the entire body, but also affect only one area. The number of acceptable diagnoses is reduced and recovery occurs faster

On the head

The rash bothers babies in different parts of the body.

• On the back of the head, small pink dots most often indicate overheating and the development of prickly heat.
• Abundant bubbles and blisters on the back of the head or cheeks indicate infection with scabies.
• Inflammations in the cheeks and beard indicate allergies to food or medications.
• If a child has a rash on his eyelids, it means that the child has been given inappropriate hygiene products. If the rashes on the eyelids look like scales or become crusty, dermatitis is likely to develop.

Around the neck

On the hands and wrists

In the abdominal area

A rash on the abdomen in the form of red blisters occurs in newborns from toxic erythema, which goes away on its own. The abdominal area and hip area most often suffer from pemphigus. The disease begins with slight redness, blisters appear and begin to burst. Similar symptoms are typical for exfoliating dermatitis.

When the bacterial microflora is disturbed in the abdominal area, erysipelas appears. Don’t forget about acceptable minor rashes from allergies, prickly heat and infections such as chickenpox or scabies.

On the lower back

On the inner and outer thighs

Rashes on a child’s thighs usually appear due to poor hygiene. Often the baby simply sweats in his diapers and suffers from poor-quality clothing. The result is prickly heat. Allergic reactions often provoke inflammation on the inner thigh.

A rash on the thighs indicates the presence of measles, rubella, chickenpox or scarlet fever. In rare cases, rashes indicate diseases of the circulatory system.

In the groin area

A groin rash is the result of infrequent diaper changes or skin contact with dirty diapers. Red diaper rash appears on the skin, and bacteria multiply in it. Miliaria in the groin area in the form of pink spots often appears in a baby as a result of overheating in the sun. Sometimes the source of the rash is candidiasis. Finally, the baby may develop an allergy to diapers.

On the buttocks

The rash on the butt has a nature similar to the causes of groin irritation. Rarely changing diapers and violating hygiene rules lead to an inflammatory process. The butt area can suffer from allergies to food or diapers, prickly heat and diathesis.

On the legs, knees and heels and can itch

A small rash on the legs usually appears as a result of dermatitis or allergies. If it itches and resembles mosquito bites, most likely the baby actually suffered from insects.

The cause of a rash on the legs can be an infection or injury to the skin. If your child has itchy heels, the rash is most likely caused by a fungus. An allergic reaction on the heels manifests itself in the form of flaky patches that itch and cause swelling of the feet. On the knee joints, a rash can appear with eczema, lichen and psoriasis.

On all parts of the body

Inflammation of the skin throughout the body often indicates infection. If a child is covered with a small rash and it itches, the reason is probably an allergic reaction (see: allergic rash) of the body to a strong irritant. If there is no itching from the rash, these causes can be excluded. Most likely there is a problem with metabolism or the functioning of internal organs.

When the rash all over the body is also colorless, most likely the baby’s sebaceous glands are working too actively. Vitamin deficiency and hormonal imbalances in a child’s body can make themselves felt through rashes without color.

Nature of the rash

If you look closely at your baby's rash, you will notice distinctive signs. Color, shape and structure.

Like nettle

A rash that resembles nettle spots indicates a special type of allergy - urticaria. Pink blisters on the skin are very itchy and accompanied by an increase in body temperature. Most often, urticaria is provoked by hot water, stress, and strong physical exertion. The rash resembles small blisters on the chest or neck.

Like a mosquito bite

If the rash resembles a mosquito bite, the baby has an allergy to poor nutrition. In newborns, this reaction often indicates irregularities in the nursing mother’s diet. Mosquito bites indicate the impact of any blood-sucking insects on the skin, such as ticks or fleas.

In the form of spots

A patchy rash is a very common form of skin inflammation. Most often, the reason lies in a disease of the integument itself or in the presence of an infection. The size of the spots and their color play a big role. Rashes similar to spots appear with lichen, allergies, dermatitis and eczema.

Rough to the touch

The rough rash is most often caused by eczema. In this case, the backs of the hands and face are affected. Rough rashes that resemble sandpaper are sometimes caused by keratosis, a form of allergy. Small pimples affect the back and sides of the arms, but sometimes inflammation appears on the inside of the thighs.

In the form of bubbles and blisters

A rash in the form of blisters appears on the baby’s body as a result of urticaria (see: urticaria in children), miliaria, pemphigus. Among the infectious diseases, rashes with blisters are caused by rubella and chickenpox.

To match your skin color

Flesh-colored growths on the skin are called papules. A rash of this color indicates eczema, psoriasis or contact dermatitis. Sometimes a colorless rash is caused by hormonal changes in the child's body.

Redness due to infections

The signs accompanying the rash often indicate the development of a serious illness in the baby.

For sore throat

Often, observing the primary signs of a sore throat in a baby (fever and cough), after a certain time parents notice a rash on his body. Here, the development of an infectious disease against the background of weakened immunity is likely. Sometimes redness appears due to tonsillitis. Do not forget that in the process of treating a sore throat, a child often develops an allergy to antibiotics.

For ARVI

The appearance of a rash in combination with the usual symptoms of ARVI has similar causes. A child may be intolerant to drug components or allergic to folk remedies. Most often, redness occurs after a course of antibiotics for ARVI.

From chickenpox

Chickenpox causes itchy spots in babies that almost immediately become large blisters. The rash occurs on the palms, face, torso and even in the mouth. The disease is accompanied by high fever and headaches. When the bubbles burst, the baby's skin becomes crusty.

The answer to the question of how long it takes for the rash to completely go away depends on the timeliness of treatment. Usually 3-5 days are enough.

When measles develops

In the case of measles, the baby usually suffers from fever and large red spots that almost merge with each other. The rash from measles appears first on the head, and then spreads to the torso and limbs. The first signs of measles resemble a common cold. This is a strong dry cough, sneezing and tears. Then the temperature rises. How many days does it take for the rashes to go away? As a rule, the skin recovers on the third day.

From infection with scarlet fever

Scarlet fever signals itself by the appearance of small dots on the 2nd day of illness. There is especially a lot of small rash in the elbow and knee bends, on the palms, and in the folds of the skin. The speed of treatment usually does not affect how many days the redness disappears. The rash disappears on its own after 1-2 weeks.

For meningitis

A bright red or purple rash appears on the body of children with meningococcal infection. The disease affects the blood vessels of the skin, so inflammation on the skin forms in various forms. With meningitis, there are rashes on the mucous membranes, on the legs and arms, and on the sides of the body.

When to call a doctor

• The child develops a fever and the temperature rises to 40 degrees.
• A rash appears all over the body and unbearable itching occurs.
• The baby begins to experience headaches, vomiting, and confusion.
• The rash looks like star-shaped hemorrhages.
• Swelling and difficulty breathing appear.

What absolutely should not be done

• Squeeze out pustules yourself.
• Rip off or pop bubbles.
• Scratch the rash.
• Apply brightly colored preparations to the skin (this will make it difficult to make a diagnosis).

In general, a rash is a symptom of many diseases. Sometimes it leads to serious problems, and sometimes it goes away on its own. In any case, it would be a good idea to consult a doctor.

Prevention

1. Timely vaccinations can protect a child from infections (But remember, vaccinations are not always beneficial, everything is individual!). There are now vaccinations against meningitis and rashes caused by it. Ask your doctor for more details.
2. Proper introduction of complementary foods can protect a small child from allergic reactions. It is recommended to teach your child a healthy lifestyle and proper nutrition. This will not only prevent many diseases and strengthen the immune system, but also reduce the risk of allergic rashes.
3. If you suspect that your baby has contracted an infection, immediately limit his contact with a potential source of infection.

Let's sum it up

• Its localization plays a big role in determining the cause of the rash. The areas of the body that come into most contact with clothing or diapers usually suffer from dermatitis and heat rash. The baby's face often becomes covered with an allergy rash. A rash all over the body indicates the development of an infection or a metabolic disorder in the body.
• Pay attention to the shape of the rash and its color. Small dots indicate allergic reactions, and large spots indicate infections. A colorless rash is not contagious, but a rough one indicates problems in the child’s body.
• Monitor the general condition of the baby, because other symptoms allow you to accurately determine the factor causing redness of the skin. However, keep in mind that these diseases, like acute respiratory viral infections and tonsillitis, very rarely cause a rash on their own. It is worth observing the child's daily routine, because the rash often appears after visiting the pool and similar public places.
• If a child's rash is accompanied by coughing, vomiting and high fever, we are talking about an infectious disease. At the same time, the whole body becomes covered with spots and itches. With proper treatment, rashes in children disappear after 3-5 days. Sometimes a rash and vomiting are signs of dysbiosis.

1. If a rash becomes a cause of concern in a newborn baby, the range of its causes is small. Often, pimples without pus appear on the neck and face of children 2 weeks after birth, disappearing on their own. In children under one year of age, small rashes are most often caused by heat rash due to wearing diapers or tight clothing. Red and pink rashes in a small child are associated with allergies to new foods.
2. When a rash appears after sun exposure, the baby is said to have photodermatosis. Sun allergies are accompanied by itching, redness of the skin and boils. The rash is usually rough on the limbs, face and chest. Crusts, scales, and bubbles form.
3. Allergic reactions in a child’s body can manifest themselves to a variety of irritants. Often, after visiting the pool, a rash appears on the body of children due to the abundance of chlorine in the water. It has already been said that rashes can form even after a course of antibiotics for a sore throat. If we are talking about the treatment of serious diseases such as leukemia, allergies appear within a month.
4. A small, bright rash in children under the third year of life can appear when new teeth erupt. Here, the rashes are accompanied by a slight fever and weakened immunity due to the appearance of teeth. Most often, teething rashes are located on the neck.
5. If the rash in babies is not constant (appears and disappears), most likely, there is contact with an irritant that causes an allergy or dermatitis, which occurs periodically. In addition, the rash disappears and appears again with the development of infectious diseases (measles and scarlet fever), urticaria.
6. To prevent a severe rash in a child, do not try to introduce new foods into his diet too quickly. If your baby shows signs of allergies after swimming in the pool, choose another establishment where the water is not treated with chlorine.

A rash on a child’s body has internal causes and is one of the first signs of the disease. Only a doctor can determine the exact cause and prescribe adequate treatment. However, parents need to know the main types of rashes and be able to determine their nature in order to provide first aid to the child and provide the doctor with the necessary information to quickly make the correct diagnosis.

What does it look like

The appearance of pathological elements of different shapes, colors, sizes and textures on the skin is called a rash. It is often accompanied by other symptoms that can help determine the disease that caused the rash. Causes of rashes include: dysfunction of internal organs, infections and allergies. The rash is often accompanied by itching and fever. Among the secondary elements that accompany the rash are crusts, peeling, scars, cracks, ulcers and erosions, increased skin pattern, pigmentation disorders, and skin atrophy.

1. Infections

If the cause of the rash is an infection, viral or bacterial, the child has a fever, chills, a sore throat, a runny nose and a cough. Possible diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain. The rash appears immediately or within 2-3 days.

In the case of a viral infection, the child’s condition is alleviated by antipyretics and soothing external ointments and creams. For bacterial rashes, antibiotics are prescribed. The main symptoms of infectious diseases accompanied by a rash are presented in Table 1.

Table 1.

2. Allergies

An allergic rash can be caused by food (chocolate, milk, eggs, citrus fruits, etc.), household chemicals, medications, animal fur, even after touching nettles or jellyfish, or after a mosquito bite. The rashes all over the body are clearly visible and prominent. Accompanied by a runny nose, lacrimation and severe itching. You should avoid contact with the source of its occurrence, and take antihistamines and other medications prescribed by your doctor. Allergic rashes differ from infectious rashes in their rapid manifestation and good general well-being of the child.

Quincke's edema. It can occur as a severe reaction of the body to an allergen, most often to medications or foods, but can also to insect bites, contact with jellyfish or nettles. The rash lasts a long time and is accompanied by swelling; if it spreads to the area of ​​the upper respiratory tract and tongue, the risk of blocking the larynx and suffocation increases sharply.

Hives. It occurs as a reaction to foods, medications, other allergens and under the influence of temperature factors (cold, sun), in some cases it is a secondary sign of hormonal imbalances and pathologies of the internal organs. Large, spreading pink, very itchy blisters appear on the skin.

Atopic dermatitis (atopic eczema, neurodermatitis). This is an inflammation of the skin caused by the body's immediate (within the first four hours) reaction to the allergen. It is chronic, cannot be cured completely and requires daily attention throughout life. May be accompanied by allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma and eczema itself. The disease appears in the first year as an itchy rash on the face, cheeks, and the inner surfaces of the folds of the arms and legs. During an exacerbation, the rash looks like red blisters-papules with scratches and liquid discharge. Bursted blisters become crusty. Over the years, symptoms mutate, skin rashes change appearance and location. The skin becomes dry and rough, lesions appear in the popliteal and elbow fossae, on the chest, face and neck. The occurrence of eczema is provoked by nervous diseases, pathologies of internal organs, and endocrine system disorders.

3. Rash in newborns

Rashes on the body of newborns are caused by:

• an excessive dose of allergenic products received with mother's milk (toxic erythema of newborns is most often caused by dried apricots and walnuts);
• inappropriate care (diaper rash, diaper dermatitis, prickly heat are caused by excessive wrapping, infrequent washing, lack of air baths).

• Erythema toxicum looks like small white-yellow seals surrounded by a red rim. Often only red spots appear.
• Newborn acne occurs on the face, scalp and neck. A rash in the form of inflamed seals causes activation of the sebaceous glands by maternal hormones. Careful hygiene and moisturizing with emollients are required.
• Prickly heat caused by increased skin moisture and disruption of the sweat glands due to excessive wrapping. Small blisters and spots rarely become inflamed, do not bother the patient and disappear quickly with good care.
• Vesiculopustulosis(inflammation of the mouth of the sweat glands caused by pathogenic staphylococcus) is characterized by small pustular blisters of white or yellowish color on the body, neck, legs, arms, and head. In place of the burst bubbles, crusts form. To prevent the infection from spreading throughout the body, it is necessary to carefully treat the identified lesions with solutions of potassium permanganate or brilliant green, and alcohol - the areas of skin between the pustules. You cannot bathe your baby.

Bite marks are formed due to mechanical damage to the skin and toxins and infections that have entered them. The body's reaction to insect bites from a rash of infectious diseases can be distinguished by localization and the absence of other symptoms. Immediately after a bite, the damaged area of ​​the skin turns red, swells, itching, urticaria, anaphylaxis and acute vascular insufficiency in allergy sufferers may occur.

• Bedbug bites look like linearly arranged, itchy lumps and blisters that appear at night. There is a tiny bruise in the center of the rash. Drops of blood may be found on the bed linen.
• Flea bites similar to bedbug bites, but located randomly on the skin.
• Bees, bumblebees, wasps and hornets in the back of the body they have a sting connected to a sac containing poison. This sting often remains at the site of the bite and must be carefully removed.
• Mosquitoes The bites leave behind itchy blisters that then develop into a reddish lump that lasts from several hours to several days. Sometimes the bite site swells. If you are prone to allergies, urticaria and Quincke's edema are possible.
• Scabies mites make microscopic passages in thin skin (between the fingers, on the wrists, on the stomach, etc.). The rash looks like red dots, often located in pairs, 2-3 mm apart, and is accompanied by severe itching. Scabies is contagious. It is transmitted by contact, including through shared things, and requires treatment by a dermatologist.

5. Hemorrhagic rash

A rash due to diseases of the blood and blood vessels (amyloidosis, thrombocytopenic purpura, Wegener's granulomatosis, vasculitis, hemosiderosis of the skin, etc.) occurs as a result of hemorrhages in the skin and requires examination by a hematologist. Depending on the disease, it may appear in the form of small dots or large bruises of various shapes and shades (from blue to brown and dirty gray). If a hemorrhagic rash is detected, you should urgently call a doctor and limit the patient’s mobility until a diagnosis is made. Among the causes of hemorrhagic rash are anthrax, meningococcemia, pseudotuberculosis, typhoid fever, and intestinal yersiniosis. The rash may be accompanied by itching and soreness of the skin, fever, and enlarged lymph nodes.

What to do

If rashes appear on the skin, you need to analyze

• where and for how long the child was;
• what he ate, what he did;
• with whom or what was in contact.

The child must be shown to a doctor; the doctor is called to the house as usual. Before visiting the doctor you should:

1. Isolate the baby from other children (to prevent the spread of possible infection), and, if possible, limit his mobility.
2. Do not scratch itchy areas so as not to expand the affected area (for example, with scabies).
3. The rash should not be treated with any means so as not to distort the clinical picture for making a diagnosis.

IMPORTANT! Emergency care is called if a meningococcal infection is suspected. And also if the rash is accompanied by a temperature above 40 degrees, confusion, vomiting, headache, swelling and difficulty breathing, or has the appearance of star-shaped hemorrhages throughout the body and causes unbearable itching.

Prevention

The simplest and most effective way to prevent infectious diseases (and their serious complications) in children is vaccination under the supervision of a pediatrician, according to the national vaccination schedule. Most modern vaccines are lightweight: they eliminate components that can cause unwanted reactions. They also have the ability to combine into one.

Children's immune system has not yet been fully formed, so in order not to provoke allergic manifestations, new foods should be introduced into the child's diet gradually, in small portions, checking how he tolerates them.

In case of any pathological change in the skin, you need to carefully examine the child, analyze what he ate, what he did, when and with whom he was in contact, reassure the baby, provide him with peace and, if necessary, call a doctor.