Everything you need to know about microbial eczema. How to treat eczema on the hands: treatment with ointments, medications, folk remedies Microbial eczema clinic

Almost every person has encountered problems that affect the skin. Some of them can go away on their own, while others require proper and urgent treatment. This includes eczema, which can cause serious consequences. It is important to promptly seek help from a doctor when the first clinical manifestations are detected.

Microbial eczema refers to the development of inflamed areas on the skin. This disease is transmitted to another person. More often, patients are diagnosed with a chronic form of the pathology, but the affected areas can worsen and progress to the acute stage. The disease progresses after the immune system weakens, so the body begins to react sharply to the penetration of a variety of pathogenic bacteria and microorganisms.

Endogenous and exogenous factors (allergy or heredity) can lead to the development of eczema. The most likely culprits for the progression of the disease are reduced immunity and the body’s defenses, psycho-vegetative ones, and disruption of the endocrine system.”

Existing varieties

Microbial eczema is divided into several types. It is important to notice the first symptoms in time and seek qualified help.

What types are there

1. Nummular. This form of the disease has several characteristic differences. Small round inflamed areas appear on the surface of the skin. Their boundaries have fairly clear outlines, the dermis swells, and purulent crusts appear.
2. Varicose. Progresses with venous insufficiency in the patient. Ulcers, eczematous areas, swelling, and moderate itching appear on the damaged areas.
3. Post-traumatic. This form of the disease occurs when the healing process of the skin after surgery or abrasions is disrupted.
4. Sycosiform. A person's hair follicles become inflamed. Characteristic signs include inflamed lesions that have a purple tint. Their internal contents are purulent.

Localization on the legs

Eczema on the legs occurs for various reasons that influence the development of the disease. There are several types of eczema on the legs:

• true form (has a chronic form, can be dry and weeping);
• microbial (occurs in places where there are wounds, inflammatory processes, burns through which microbes penetrate);
• mycotic (progresses with the development of a fungal infection);
• professional (appears with frequent contact with irritants - chemicals, mechanical damage).

Localization on hands

Divided into several types:

• idiopathic (progresses in traumatic situations, vegetative-vascular dystonia, thyroid problems);
• atopic (occurs in people as a result of contact with allergens - plant pollen, animal hair, household dust);
• professional (when hands come into contact with chemical irritants);
• microbial (has a microbial or fungal etiology).

Photo of the disease. May be unpleasant to watch

What microbial eczema looks like (photo)

Microbial eczema manifests itself in the same way as other dermatological pathologies. Red spots with blisters appear on the skin. They may have dry crusts or internal contents. The person experiences moderate to extreme itching.

Photo of the disease. May be unpleasant to watch

Photo of the disease. May be unpleasant to watch

The presented disease tends to worsen. In this case, the bubbles open on their own, the surface becomes wet, after which dry crusts appear.

Causes, etiology of microbial eczema

The first clinical manifestations occur in places where ulcers often occur, there are abrasions, and damage to the skin after surgery.

Eczema of microbial etiology manifests itself in different parts of the body, regardless of gender and age. Particular attention should be paid to people who have varicose veins or fungal infections in the body. Below are the likely pathogens that lead to the progression of the pathology:

• B-hemolytic streptococcus;
• Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis;
• Klebsiella;
• Proteus;
• gonorrhea.

Microbial eczema can manifest itself as a background disease when a person’s skin barrier function decreases. Do not forget about constant contact with various microbes and their metabolic products.

Symptoms

Microbial eczema manifests itself in the form of inflamed lesions that have a clearly defined contour. They are characterized by a reddish tint, and layers of cells along the periphery can be rejected. Papules may form in the center of the lesion. These are small elevated areas that do not have an internal cavity.

If vesicles appear on the surface of microbial eczema, then serous fluid forms in their cavity. These are weeping areas with purulent crusts. There is a small rash around the inflamed areas, which can gradually spread throughout the body. Their shape is asymmetrical, the edges are often uneven. Patients feel severe discomfort; irritated areas appear on the skin that peel.

Photo of the disease. May be unpleasant to watch

Consequences

If patients do not seek help from a doctor or self-medicate, then there is a high probability of the spread of the infectious-inflammatory process.

In humans, healthy areas of skin are gradually affected. In addition, an allergic rash may occur.

How dangerous is the disease?

If not treated in a timely manner, microbial eczema can become true. The inflammatory process is accompanied by excessive itching, so a person cannot control his actions. If you scratch the affected areas vigorously, pathogenic bacteria and microorganisms can spread over the skin faster. Scars remain in places where scratching occurs, and serious viral diseases develop.

Chronic form

The chronic form of bacterial eczema is a multifactorial disease that can manifest itself in different areas of the skin. Most often, symptoms of the pathology occur on the face and hands. The chronic form of microbial eczema occurs as a result of improper treatment of an acute illness.

For this reason, patients are advised to strictly adhere to the prescribed treatment regimen and not to use traditional medicine without consulting their doctor. Chronic disease can manifest itself with insufficient diet and personal hygiene.

Diagnosis of microbial eczema

The main diagnostic method is bacteriological examination. To do this, scraping of biological material is taken. To prevent pain for the patient, an anesthetic can be administered when intervening in the damaged area. Using a microscope, you can detect pathological overgrown cells. If you place them in a favorable environment, specialists will be able to detect bacterial pathogens.

In order for a doctor to correctly diagnose and prescribe treatment, it is necessary to accurately determine the type of microorganism that led to the progression of the disease. It is important to determine the reaction of bacteria to the administration of a specific drug.

In advanced forms of pathology, histological studies are performed. To do this, deep tissues of the inflamed areas are taken. Thanks to this, specialists will determine the extent of damage to the lymphoid soft tissue.

The doctor needs to do an initial examination of the patient and determine visual changes on the skin. Differential diagnosis is established together with symptoms of psoriasis, other types of dermatitis and eczema. If there is a suspicion of progression of true eczema, then a blood test is prescribed.

Treatment methods

Therapeutic treatment of microbial eczema should be based on taking medications, following a strict diet, and personal hygiene.

Therapy is prescribed for each patient individually. The doctor must determine the severity of the disease.

External treatment, ointments

For external treatment, use lotions on the skin with the addition of resorcinol (1% concentration solution), lead water, and an alcohol solution of brilliant green. The most effective medications for topical use are Castellani (fucorcin), which is recommended for use during the acute stage of the disease.

If the vesicles begin to get wet, then it is advisable to use naphthalan, ichthyol ointments, or tar-based preparations. If a bacterial form of eczema is detected, it is recommended to use antibiotic ointments - these are Bactroban, Dettol and Drapolene.

Below is a list of ointments that effectively kill fungi. They are prescribed to patients when diagnosing a fungal cause of the disease:

• exoderil;
• locoid;
• loceryl.

If inflamed lesions quickly spread to healthy skin, then it is advisable to use ointments and sprays with corticosteroids. They quickly relieve symptoms and swelling of the dermis.

General treatment, antibiotics

• You cannot stay in the sun for a long time, so as not to injure already damaged areas of the dermis;
• it is important to carefully monitor hygiene; you should not soak dry crusts of eczema for a long time;
• underwear should be made of natural material;
• change your diet (add more plant foods and dairy products to your daily diet);
• do not drink alcoholic beverages;
• limit drinking water and other liquids;
• exclude canned food and spicy foods.

Systemic treatment consists of taking the following medications:

1. Antibiotic drugs. These are ampicillin, doxycycline, cefazolin, ciprofloxacin.
2. If a fungus is detected, patients are prescribed antimycotics (fluconazole).
3. Systemic corticosteroids and cytostatics. The most effective include triamcinolone, prednisolone, methotrexate, cyclosporine.
4. Drugs that block the active production of histamine in the body - loratadine, suprastin. They help to quickly relieve clinical symptoms and excessive itching.
5. It is advisable to administer sodium thiosulfate and calcium chloride intravenously.
6. Sedative drugs - valerian infusion, motherwort, sleeping pills, bromine.
7. Vitamin complexes.

Physiotherapy

As the disease progresses, patients can undergo several physiotherapeutic procedures:

• magnetic waves;
• ultrasound;
• ozone baths;
• laser treatment on affected areas.

Folk remedies

Traditional medicine used at home is advisable to use in the initial stages of pathology:

1. Tinctures of healing medicinal herbs. To prepare them you need to collect string, nettles, birch buds, dry calendula inflorescences, St. John's wort. Take 25 grams of each ingredient and mix thoroughly. The collected herbs are poured with boiling water. Duration of infusion – 3 hours. The lotions are applied to swollen skin for 40 minutes.
2. A decoction based on pine cones. They take only 2 large cones that are already sufficiently ripe and open. They are poured with boiling water, wrapped and left to infuse for 24 hours. Can be taken orally half an hour before meals or treated on the skin.
3. Elder. This is a good antiseptic. To prepare, take one tablespoon of elderberry flowers and brew it in a glass of boiling water. You need to leave for a couple of hours in a tightly sealed container. Before use, you must strain the product. It can be taken orally before meals or applied as a lotion to the affected areas of the skin.
4. Dandelion roots are used to improve immunity and defenses. They are pre-crushed and poured with boiling water. Dandelion root is dried and finely chopped. One tablespoon of raw material is poured into 250 ml of boiling water. You need to infuse the product for 2 hours, after which the infusion is filtered. You can take it orally or make lotions.

Prevention and precautions

• pyoderma (pustular rashes) requires treatment with antiseptic agents and proper therapy;
• wounds and other damage to the skin require adequate treatment;
• if a plaster bandage is applied to the skin, then careful care must be taken;
• during treatment you need to exclude allergic foods, chocolate and sweets from your diet;
• It is necessary to properly treat chronic diseases, varicose veins, and infectious diseases.

If patients are careless about their own health and do not follow all the doctor’s recommendations, then a secondary allergic rash may develop on the skin. Patients may experience an infectious and inflammatory process. It is important to promptly seek help from a doctor to determine the progression of the disease at the initial stage.

Microbial eczema is a skin inflammation disease that requires proper treatment. You can use ointments, lotions, antibiotic drugs, physiotherapy procedures and traditional medicine. Treatment is prescribed individually depending on the location of the rash and the intensity of the symptoms.

This video explains the types of eczema.

Microbial eczema is an inflammatory skin disease of an allergic nature. The disease develops due to the activity of pathogenic microorganisms against the background of weakened immunity. It is a concomitant disease and occurs in areas of the skin that were previously affected by any pathologies. The etiology and pathogenesis of microbial eczema have not yet been fully determined and continue to be studied. The ICD-10 code for dermatosis is L30.

Varieties and atypical forms

There are several types of infectious eczema depending on the clinic:

1. For nummular or coin-shaped eczema small round inflammatory, swollen and weeping plaques measuring about 1-3 cm appear on the skin.
2. Herpetiform variety The disease occurs due to the activation of the herpes virus.
3. Varicose or hypostatic dermatosis accompanied by varicose veins, venous insufficiency and ulceration of skin areas near diseased vessels.
4. Paratraumatic eczema is activated due to disruptions in the process of tissue regeneration after injuries, surgery and improper treatment of the skin in the postoperative period.
5. Papillary type of disease develops in women during lactation and is characterized by the appearance of weeping plaques and cracks on the nipple.
6. Sycosiform dermatosis occurs in patients with inflammatory processes in the hair follicles and is localized only in the hair area (chin, head, upper lip, armpits, pubis).
7. Mycotic eczema manifests itself against the background of a fungal infection.
8. Occupational dermatosis occurs as a result of prolonged contact of the patient with harmful chemicals at work.

Causes

The standard reasons for the development of microbial dermatosis include:

• weakened immunity;
• fungal skin infections;
• neuroendocrine pathologies;
• disruption of innervation in the area of ​​inflammation;
• allergic reactions;
• genetic factor, heredity;
• bacterial infection.

The development of the disease is provoked by accompanying factors (exogenous and endogenous):

• violation of skin integrity, severe injuries, fistulas;
• arthritis;
• immunodeficiency;
• stress, nervous tension and psycho-vegetative disorders;
• diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
• lymphostasis;
• brain pathologies;
• disturbance of peripheral blood supply;
• insufficient personal hygiene;
• phlebeurysm;
• increased sensitivity to fungal microorganisms;
• diabetes;
• private infectious diseases;
• kidney dysfunction;
• the presence of a vegetative infection in the body (chronic tonsillitis, pharyngitis);
• constitutional violations, etc.

The direct causative agents of dermatosis, which trigger the disease mechanism, include:

• streptococci (especially b-hemolytic streptococcus);
• fungi;
• Proteus;
• staphylococci (epidermal and Staphylococcus aureus);
• meningococci;
• gonococci;
• Klebsiella

Symptoms

The symptoms of microbial eczema depend on its type, but there are signs that are characteristic of all types of pathology. Visually, dermatosis manifests itself in the formation of pathological areas of erythema with clear boundaries.

Erythema is severe redness of the skin due to excess blood flow in the capillaries. Along the edges of these structures, the skin gradually begins to peel off.

A characteristic feature of bacterial eczema is the asymmetry of the localization of lesions, which tend to merge. As the disease progresses, there is no healthy skin left between the vesicles. In the center of the inflamed area there is a purulent or catarrhal papule with oozing formations.

In the future, the scalloped edge will be covered with elements of dying epithelium and hard crusts. As the boundaries between foci of infection blur, screenings will form: clusters of cavityless hills and ulcers. Skin formations are accompanied by burning and severe itching.

The localization of papules and vesicles depends on the source of inflammation, but most often they occur:

• on the lower and upper extremities due to their increased trauma;
• in the nipple area in women;
• on the cheeks and chin.

Most often, foci of infection are located in one specific place, but in the absence of proper therapy, extensive inflammation of the skin can develop - a severe complication of nummular eczema, which requires urgent treatment in a hospital.

Photo of microbial eczema: what it looks like

Photos of bacterial eczema.

Stages of manifestation of eczema.

Diagnostics

Components of the diagnosis of microbial eczema:

• visual inspection;
• collecting the necessary data during the survey;
• laboratory research.

To confirm the diagnosis, an additional collection (scraping) of a histological biopsy is usually performed to further study the tissue and determine the intensity of inflammation.

The acute form of eczema is characterized by:

• disruption of the keratinization process;
• intercellular edema in the epidermis;
• swelling of the functional dermal layer.

Chronic eczema manifests itself:

• intensely during the process of keratinization;
• thickening of the layers of the epidermis (especially the spinous one);
• infiltration around blood vessels.

Also, using biopsy microscopy, pathogens of dermatosis are identified.

Also, when studying eczema, it is recommended to take the OAC for:

• immunoglobulins,
• eosinophils,
• T lymphocytes.

Treatment of microbial eczema

Drug therapy for microbial eczema is indicated only as prescribed by a doctor after appropriate diagnostic measures have been carried out and the causative agent has been identified. In some cases, comprehensive studies of the body will be required aimed at determining the true cause of the pathology (examination by a neurologist, gastroenterologist, ENT specialist, etc.). Taking pills without preliminary research can only intensify the pathology and lead to its degeneration into a chronic form.

Complex therapy includes:

• local treatment;
• oral medication;
• physiotherapy;
• adherence to daily routine;
• proper nutrition.

Physiotherapy

Physiotherapeutic procedures:

• reduce itching and burning;
• reduce inflammation;
• relieve pain;
• correct the functioning of the immune system;
• normalize metabolism;
• reduce the excitability of the central nervous system;
• restore epidermal regeneration.

Physiotherapeutic methods are commonly used in the treatment of microbial dermatosis:

• transcranial electrical stimulation;
• endonasal electrophoresis with antiallergenic drugs;
• electrosleep;
• helium-neon laser irradiation;
• ultrasound;
• UV irradiation;
• inductothermy of nerve ganglia;
• ultratonotherapy of infiltrates;
• selective phototherapy;
• magnetic therapy;
• PUVA therapy;
• ultraphonophoresis with hormonal drugs;
• applications with paraffin.

Precise treatment is prescribed only by a doctor based on the diagnostic measures performed.

Ointments

Local therapy drugs are prescribed based on an analysis of the patient’s clinic, the presence of concomitant pathologies and the severity of symptoms.

The following medications are traditionally prescribed for the treatment of eczema:

• Clobetasol is a cream that eliminates swelling and itching, suppresses the hypersensitivity reaction of the skin and partially relieves the manifestations of the inflammatory process;
• Advantan - an ointment that relieves itching and swelling;
• Triamcinolone - a cream that suppresses the generation of inflammatory mediators;
• Prednisolone is a gel that reduces inflammation;
• Hydrocortisone - hormonal anti-allergenic cream;
• Akriderm is an antiallergenic drug that reduces tissue synthesis of mediators;
• Ichthyol is an ointment that, in addition to standard regenerating properties, has antiseptic and stimulating properties in relation to skin capillaries;
• Dexpanthenol - a cream that activates enzymatic and healing processes;
• Fukortsin is an anti-inflammatory drug indicated for the formation of hard crusts;
• Fenistil gel and other non-hormonal anti-inflammatory drugs (Gistan, Eplan, Radevit);
• pastes with antibiotics, boron, zinc and sulfur to accelerate the formation of crusts;
• antiseptic solutions (boric acid solution, resorcinol, lead water) - for treating and cleansing inflamed areas;
• antibiotic ointments:
  • tetracycline ointment;
  • Bactroban;
  • Dettol;
  • Drapolene;
  • erythromycin ointment;
• antifungal ointments:
  • Loceryl;
  • Exoderil;
• drugs that counteract the production of calcineurin (for general skin lesions):
  • Tacrolimus;
  • Pimecrolimus.

Pills

Drug therapy takes first place in the treatment of microbial eczema, because... is aimed at eliminating the internal cause of the disease, which does not always lie in a specific pathogen.

It should be borne in mind that uncontrolled use of medications can lead to complications and the development of concomitant diseases, therefore all medications should be taken only as prescribed by a local physician, dermatologist, pediatrician (if we are talking about children), an allergist or an emergency doctor in case of emergency treatment. All medications prescribed for dermatoses can be divided into several groups depending on their mechanism of action.

Antihistamines

Antihistamines reduce itching, burning and other manifestations of allergies. Anti-allergy medications temporarily relieve pain and calm the patient. By blocking histamine receptors, these medications reduce severe tissue swelling.

These medications include:

• Diazolin,
• Suprastin,
• Lordestin,
• Fenkarol, etc.

Glucocorticosteroids

Glucocorticosteroids suppress allergies and inflammation in tissues, slow down the release of biologically active substances (including inflammatory mediators). They have anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. These drugs also indirectly affect the metabolism of proteins, fats and carbohydrates in the body.

Most often, glucocorticosteroids are used for bacterial eczema:

• Betamethasone,
• Dexamethasone,
• Prednisolone.

Antibiotics

Antibiotics for microbial eczema are indicated if a bacterial infection is observed.

Signs of a bacterial infection:

• the appearance of a pustular rash;
• change in color of rashes and exudate;
• formation of erosive plaque;
• the appearance of a specific odor;
• fever and other signs of intoxication.

Also, with extensive skin lesions, papules and vesicles become gateways for any pathogenic microflora, and a weakened body is simply unable to fight active microorganisms. Antibacterial therapy must be preceded by a diagnosis of the pathogen, otherwise there is a risk of prescribing the wrong drug.

For microbial dermatosis, the following antibiotics are most often prescribed:

• Erythromycin,
• Oxacillin,
• Doxycycline,
• Ampicillin, etc.

Sedatives

Normalization of the functions of the central nervous system in eczema is necessary even if its pathologies did not cause the onset of the disease. Spots on the skin themselves are a stress factor, so the patient’s overexcitation and tension should be relieved with mild sedatives.

List of sedatives:

• motherwort;
• valerian;
• Nozepam;
• Phenazepam (has a pronounced sedative effect and should be taken with extreme caution);
• Chlozepid, etc.

Diet

Patients with eczema should remove from their diet all foods that can cause allergies. It is advisable to include fermented milk products, boiled and stewed meat, vegetables (especially turnips and rutabaga), fruits (except citrus fruits), freshly squeezed juices and vegetable oils of various modifications in the daily menu. You should drink at least 2 liters of plain water per day, as it helps remove pathogenic microflora from the body.

Treatment with folk remedies at home

Traditional remedies can only be used with the permission of a doctor. They should not replace drugs related to traditional medicine.

Three simple recipes against eczema:

1. To 100 grams of potatoes, pre-grated on a fine grater, add 1 tsp. honey (preferably buckwheat) and mix thoroughly. Then the resulting mixture is spread on a bandage or gauze and fixed on painful areas. The procedure lasts at least 30 minutes.
2. Finely chopped cabbage and nuts (any kind, but walnuts are better) in equal proportions should be mixed and the resulting product should be applied to the inflamed area for half an hour.
3. You need to place one broken raw egg in a liter jar, then pour in a little water so that it covers the egg, and a little vinegar (1-2 teaspoons). Then the mixture should be thoroughly beaten until foam appears. Apply a thin layer of this product to the affected areas and leave overnight.

Herbal teas for immunity

A tablespoon of creeping wheatgrass roots is poured into 200 ml. hot water. Then the solution is boiled a little over low heat, after which it should be placed in a dark, cool place and allowed to brew for 12 hours. The resulting product is taken one third of a glass 2 times a day to strengthen the immune system for eczema.

For the same purposes, an infusion of red viburnum is prepared. 4 tablespoons of berries are crushed and poured into 400 ml. boiling water Let it brew for 6-8 hours, after which drink half a glass 3 times a day.

For microbial eczema, you should limit contact with allergens, active chemicals and other factors that can lead to serious complications. Due to the specificity of the disease, in the acute period of dermatosis, contact with water should be avoided and the skin should be cleansed with special medications.

Prevention

Standard preventive measures to prevent microbial eczema include:

• use of detergents with a neutral pH level;
• compliance with personal hygiene rules;
• using a nail file for both hands and feet;
• wearing clothes made from natural materials;
• treatment of chronic infections;
• maintaining proper nutrition, etc.

Complications and consequences

The most well-known complications of microbial eczema include:

• addition of bacterial and pyoccal infections;
• Kaposi's eczema (layering of the herpes virus);
• erythroderma;
• lymphangitis;
• pathologies of the endocrine system;
• neurodermatitis;
• degeneration of microbial eczema into true eczema.

The consequences of bacterial eczema are:

• the appearance of deep furrows and scars;
• thickening of the skin at the site of the former source of infection;
• strengthening of the papillary pattern;
• reddish-bluish nodules on the palms and inner surfaces of the feet.

Is it contagious and how is it transmitted?

Infections with the microbial form of dermatosis occupy a small proportion of all cases of the disease, so bacterial eczema cannot be considered a completely contagious disease. It is not transmitted through a handshake or a kiss. Infection with eczema is possible only with the addition of fungal and bacterial infections.

Features in children

Those most susceptible to bacterial eczema are:

• infants aged 2 to 6 months;
• teenagers in transition due to hormonal fluctuations.

The development of the disease is also influenced by the factor of hereditary predisposition and immunity. If the baby is under one year old, healthy, kept clean and fed with breast milk, the risk of developing dermatosis is reduced.

In adolescents, the disease develops against the background of factors characteristic of adult patients:

• presence of diabetes mellitus;
• immunodeficiency;
• endocrine disorders;
• allergic diseases, etc.

All these pathologies are associated with hormonal changes, as well as stress characteristic of adolescence, and often activate microbial eczema.

During pregnancy

Against the background of weakened immunity and hormonal changes during pregnancy, a woman often develops dermatosis. This disease does not pose a threat to the life and health of the expectant mother and baby, but reduces the woman’s quality of life due to unpleasant symptoms: rash and itching. If the first symptoms of a skin disease appear in a pregnant woman, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Video about eczema

The video talks about five folk recipes against bacterial eczema on the hands. Real step-by-step recommendations for combating the disease are given.

Forecast

Dermatosis can and should be fought. You should not let the disease go on and think that it will go away on its own. With comprehensive treatment and proper care, bacterial eczema will be completely cured without any marks on the skin.

This is a clinical type of eczema, which is secondary in nature and develops in areas of microbial or fungal skin infection. The disease is characterized by the addition of inflammatory changes characteristic of eczema to the symptoms of an existing underlying disease. Diagnosis of microbial eczema is aimed at identifying the causative agent by culture of the discharged elements of eczema or scraping for pathogenic fungi. Treatment includes therapy for the existing disease, the use of antimicrobial agents, general and local treatment of eczema.

ICD-10

L30.3 Infectious dermatitis

General information

Causes

The most common pathogen identified in microbial eczema is β-hemolytic streptococcus. However, the development of microbial eczema can be associated with epidermal or Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus, Klebsiella, Neisseria gonorrhea or meningitis, Candida fungi and other pathogens. The underlying disease (varicose veins, lymphedema) significantly reduces the barrier function of the skin, and chronic exposure to microbial agents causes sensitization of the body and the occurrence of autoimmune reactions. Together, these processes lead to the development of microbial eczema.

Symptoms of microbial eczema

The area of ​​skin lesions in microbial eczema is most often located in the lower extremities. It represents large foci of acute inflammatory changes in the skin with serous and purulent papules, blisters (vesicles), and weeping erosions located on them. The lesions are characterized by large scalloped edges. They merge with each other and have no areas of healthy skin separating them. The rash is usually accompanied by significant itching. Inflammatory foci of microbial eczema are covered with a large number of purulent crusts. They tend to grow peripherally and are surrounded by an area of ​​sloughing stratum corneum. On apparently healthy skin around the affected area, individual pustules or areas of peeling are observed - screenings of microbial eczema.

• Coin eczema(nummular or plaque) is characterized by rounded lesions 1-3 cm in size with clear edges, a hyperemic and edematous weeping surface, covered with layers of serous-purulent crusts. The usual localization of coin-shaped eczema is the skin of the upper extremities.
• Varicose microbial eczema develops with varicose veins with symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency. Factors contributing to the occurrence of microbial eczema may be infection of a trophic ulcer, trauma to the skin in the area of ​​varicose veins, or its maceration during dressings. This form of the disease is characterized by polymorphism of elements, clear boundaries of the focus of inflammation and moderate itching.
• Post-traumatic eczema develops around areas of skin injury (wounds, abrasions, scratches). It may be associated with a decrease in the body's defense response and a slowdown in healing processes.
• Sycozyform microbial eczema in some cases may develop in patients with sycosis. This type of microbial eczema is characterized by weeping and itchy red lesions, which have a typical location for sycosis: beard, upper lip, armpits, pubic area. In this case, the inflammatory process often goes beyond the boundaries of hair growth.
• Nipple eczema occurs in women with frequent trauma to the nipples during breastfeeding or with constant scratching in patients with scabies. In the area of ​​the nipples, bright, clearly demarcated red lesions with weeping and cracks form. Their surface is covered with crusts. There is severe itching. Nipple eczema, as a rule, is characterized by a persistent process.

Complications

Inadequate therapy for microbial eczema or traumatic effects on the lesions can lead to the appearance of secondary allergic rashes. Such rashes are characterized by polymorphism and are represented by red-edematous spots, vesicles, pustules and papules. As the process progresses, these rashes merge, forming areas of weeping erosions, and spread to previously healthy areas of the skin. Thus, microbial eczema is transformed into true eczema.

Diagnostics

The secondary nature of eczema, its development against the background of varicose veins, streptoderma, candidiasis, areas of infection or trauma to the skin allow the dermatologist to suggest microbial eczema. To determine the pathogen and its sensitivity to antibacterial therapy, bacteriological culture of discharge or scraping from the area of ​​skin lesion is carried out. If a fungal infection is suspected, a scraping is taken for pathogenic fungi.

In difficult diagnostic situations, a histological examination of a biopsy taken from a focus of microbial eczema can be performed. When examining the drug, swelling of the dermis, spongiosis, acanthosis, the formation of blisters in the epidermis, pronounced lymphoid infiltration with the presence of plasma cells are determined. Differential diagnosis of microbial eczema is carried out with other types of eczema, psoriasis, dermatitis, primary skin reticulosis, benign familial pemphigus, etc.

Treatment of microbial eczema

In the case of microbial eczema, treatment is primarily aimed at eliminating the source of chronic infection and treating the underlying disease. Depending on the etiology of the disease, a course and local treatment of fungal skin diseases, a course of drug treatment and treatment of the affected areas of the skin for pyoderma, treatment of a trophic ulcer or sycosis are carried out.

In the treatment of microbial eczema, antihistamines and desensitizing drugs (mebhydrolin, chloropyramine, loratadine, desloratadine), B vitamins, and sedatives are used. Local therapy includes the use of antibacterial or antifungal ointments, astringents and anti-inflammatory agents, and antiseptics.

Physiotherapeutic methods of treatment for microbial eczema include magnetic therapy, ultraviolet irradiation, UHF, ozone therapy and laser therapy. Patients should switch to a hypoallergenic diet, carefully observe personal hygiene, and avoid injuring foci of microbial eczema. When the process disseminates and turns into true eczema, a course of glucocorticoid therapy is prescribed.

Prognosis and prevention

The prognosis of microbial eczema with adequate treatment is favorable. Prolonged and persistent course of eczema can be observed in weakened patients and elderly people. In the prevention of microbial eczema, the main importance is the identification and treatment of those diseases against which it can develop, the prevention of wound infection, and compliance with hygiene rules.

According to statistics, eczema occupies a leading position among various skin diseases. She accounts for about 40% of calls for skin diseases. Doctors diagnose microbial eczema in 12-25% of cases of requests for eczematous skin lesions.

Unlike true or occupational eczema, microbial eczema develops against the background of existing diseases, and not as a result of ordinary contact with an allergen that causes an inadequate immune response with activation of lymphocytes. For its development, the presence of lesions on the skin in the form of scratches, abrasions, cuts, trophic ulcers, mycoses (fungal infections), purulent wounds, eczematous lesions of an allergic nature is required.

Foci of chronic infection can be located both outside (exogenous eczema) and inside the body (endogenous pathology). In the second case, we are talking about odontogenic infections localized in the head and neck area, inflammatory pathologies of the ENT organs, digestive and genitourinary systems.

Causes of microbial eczema

As we have already understood, the occurrence of microbial eczema against the background of recurrent skin diseases is facilitated by malfunctions of the immune system. In other words, reduced immunity contributes to the further development of the bacterial-inflammatory process.

But on the other hand, a decrease in immunity also does not happen in a vacuum. Malfunctions of the immune system (autoimmune reactions) and weakening of the body's defenses are primarily caused by bacterial and viral agents. Frequently recurring viral diseases, chronic bacterial and fungal pathologies negatively affect the state of the immune system, which simply does not have time to rest and gain strength. Depletion of the immune system leads to malfunctions in its functioning.

Disorders of the central nervous system and pathologies of the brain, as the main regulatory organ of the human body, can also cause disruptions in the functioning of the immune system, leading to the development of eczematous skin reactions. Diseases of internal organs, such as the liver, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract, can also contribute to the development of microbial eczema.

Eczema is one of the manifestations of allergies that develop as a result of inadequate functioning of the immune system, when the latter reacts too actively to certain irritants. This means that allergic reactions may well cause the development of various types of pathology, both primary and secondary, such as microbial eczema.

Disruptions to the endocrine system lead to metabolic disorders and hormonal fluctuations, which also confuses the immune system, which instantly reacts to any changes in the body.

In some cases, the influence of a hereditary factor can also be noted. Inadequate functioning of the immune system may be due to gene mutations that are passed on from generation to generation, or pathologies of fetal development in the prenatal period. By the way, the human immune system develops up to 15 years of age, which means that exposure to negative factors in childhood can lead to disruption of the immune system in adults.

Microbial eczema can develop against the background of existing bacterial and fungal skin lesions, long-term non-healing wounds, varicose veins of the superficial veins with disruption of blood flow in them (stagnation in the blood vessels of the skin sometimes leads to the development of varicose eczema).

Risk factors

Risk factors for the development of bacterial-inflammatory skin pathology may include:

• insufficient skin hygiene,
• emotional lability and frequent stress,
• chronic diseases,
• frequent cases of infectious diseases,
• increased radiation or environmental pollution,
• violation of the integrity of the skin during cosmetic procedures and insufficient care for it (for example, microbial eczema can develop against the background of a post-traumatic form of eczematous skin lesions, which is caused by damage to the skin during a tattoo).

Pathogenesis

The pathogenesis of eczema, including microbial eczema, is based on an inadequate response to antigens entering the body from the outside or forming inside it. Antigens that cause various allergic reactions in the form of rash, itching, swelling and redness of the tissues that we see with eczema are usually called allergens. However, not all antigens (and not always) can cause an allergic inflammatory response.

Most often, the development of microbial eczema is observed against the background of streptococcal or staphylococcal infections, as well as fungal skin infections. However, the influence of other pathogens of various inflammatory pathologies cannot be excluded.

The mechanism of development of the inflammatory reaction is based on the increased secretion of prostaglandins, produced from fatty acids and which are mediators of inflammation, increasing the production of histamine and serotonin and suppressing cellular immune responses. As a result, an inflammatory process develops in the tissues of the body, in which the permeability of the vascular walls increases and intercellular edema is formed (in this case, the dermis and epidermis).

It aggravates and perpetuates the incorrect reaction of the immune system of the central nervous system, in the functioning of which certain disruptions have also been observed in patients with microbial eczema, affecting the processes of cellular nutrition (tissue trophism).

It is quite difficult to name a specific reason for the development of endogenous eczema, as well as to explain why an allergic reaction to internal pathogens has external manifestations. However, scientists can answer with great confidence the question that worries many: is microbial eczema contagious? No, it is not contagious, since it is of an allergic nature, which means it cannot be transmitted by contact. Only bacteria can be passed on to others, but not the body’s reaction to them. Further, everything depends on the state of immunity of the person who comes into contact with the patient.

Symptoms of microbial eczema

Microbial eczema is one of the types of eczematous skin lesions, which means it is characterized by the symptoms observed during the development of this pathology: rash, itching, peeling, swelling of the skin. But these symptoms are characteristic of many skin diseases, including those of an allergic nature. How to recognize microbial. Eczema according to its external manifestations.

The first signs of microbial eczema are erythema (severe redness of the skin due to excess blood flow into the capillaries) with clearly defined boundaries, swelling of the tissues of the affected area and the appearance of papular rashes on them. After some time, the skin at the site of redness begins to crack, and bubbles with serous contents appear in place of the papules. After a few days, yellowish-green crusts form at the site of the lesion.

All this resembles the development of dermatitis, which is essentially microbial eczema.

A characteristic feature of most types of microbial eczema is the asymmetrical nature of the lesions. And they themselves most often have an irregular shape. Around the source of inflammation, you can observe a kind of border formed by exfoliated areas of the upper layer of skin. Along the edge of the affected area there are pustules with purulent contents, which, after opening, form yellowish dense crusts.

After removing the crusts, a certain amount of pus is found underneath them. If you remove the pus, you can see a glossy surface of bluish-red or burgundy color, on which there is noticeable weeping with areas of microscopic hemorrhages.

Another important feature of microbial eczema, which distinguishes it from the true form of the disease, is the polymorphism of rashes with a predominance of purulent elements.

Most often, microbial eczema affects the upper and lower extremities, which are most susceptible to injury; its foci can also be seen on the face or in the nipple area in women.

Microbial eczema on the hands most often forms in the area of ​​the hand and fingers. There is eczema of the hands, fingers and interdigital space with localization of lesions in the locations of skin folds in the corresponding area of ​​the hand.

Less commonly, eczematous rashes can be seen on the wrists, forearms, and elbows.

Microbial eczema on the legs is similar in its manifestations to infectious dermatitis on the hands. Favorite sites of the disease are the feet, legs and knees - the places most susceptible to injury with damage to the integrity of the skin.

Microbial eczema on the face is most often localized on the cheeks and chin area. The disease in the vast majority of cases is endogenous in nature, since its cause is considered to be an exacerbation of chronic infections within the body.

Microbial eczema in children

In childhood, microbial eczema is a fairly common disease. High physical activity coupled with minimal risk analysis leads to frequent episodes of injuries with skin damage. In addition, the delicate baby skin is very attractive to various types of blood-sucking insects, which leave itchy marks on the baby’s body.

Due to the imperfection of the immune system, microbial eczema in a child develops much more often than in an adult. This is facilitated by insufficient hygiene of hands and damaged areas. Children tend to scratch bites and healing itchy scratches, while their hands and nails are not sterile, which means they are a source of bacterial infection.

The immune system reacts to an external infectious factor by developing an inflammatory reaction with the formation of hyperemia and tissue edema, as well as purulent rashes, which are subsequently covered with localized crusts with a clearly defined border.

At a younger age, the disease is rarely endogenous. However, frequent infectious pathologies in childhood can cause weakened immunity and the development of endogenous or exogenous microbial eczema in adulthood.

Stages

Like any eczematous skin lesion, microbial eczema has several stages of process development:

• Stage 1 (the onset of the disease or erythematous eczema) is characterized by redness of a limited area of ​​the skin and the appearance of itching.
• Stage 2 (development of the disease or papulovesicular stage) is marked by the appearance of edema and rashes (papules) in hyperemic areas, which fill with fluid over time.
• Stage 3 (the height of the disease or weeping eczema): spontaneous opening of the vesicles with the release of serous contents, while in place of the papules there remain depressions in which pus accumulates.
• Stage 4 (attenuation of the disease or dry eczema) is observed after the inflamed area becomes covered with a yellow-green or grayish-yellow dry crust.

The development of the disease, especially of an endogenous nature, at any stage may be accompanied by the appearance of new lesions.

There are also acute and chronic courses of the disease.

Acute microbial eczema– a disease that lasts no more than 3 months. Foci of inflammation are distinguished by a bright, rich bluish-red hue, constant release of moisture and severe itching.

If the pathology does not go away within six months, they speak of the subacute stage of the disease (from 4 to 6 months inclusive). In this case, the affected area has a less saturated color, a denser structure and constantly peels off.

Chronic microbial eczema has a longer duration. The disease is characterized by periods of remission and exacerbation. During remission, damaged skin is practically no different in color from healthy skin, but has a denser structure due to pathological changes in the epidermis. During exacerbations, symptoms of acute eczema can be observed.

Forms

Microbial eczema usually manifests itself in the form of individual rashes, but sometimes its foci occupy a fairly large area. This is typical for the endogenous form of the disease against the background of significantly reduced immunity and predisposition to allergic reactions.

Common microbial eczema is a chronic pathology, which is characterized by a reduction in time intervals between periods of exacerbations and the occurrence of multiple foci of inflammation covering a large area of ​​the skin. However, treatment of this form of the disease is quite difficult.

Microbial eczema in relation to the pathogen can be divided into bacterial and mycotic. The causative agent of mycotic eczema is considered to be a fungal infection, most often bacteria from the genus Candida. The location of mycotic eczema is usually the feet and toes in the area of ​​the nail plate.

According to the nature of the bacterial-inflammatory process on the skin, microbial eczema can be:

• Numular (also known as plaque or coin-shaped form of pathology),
• post-traumatic,
• varicose,
• sycosiform,
• localized in the nipple area (nipple eczema),
• and as a separate subtype, dyshidrotic eczema (Eczematous dermatitis).

Numular microbial eczema- This is the formation of round-shaped lesions on the skin. The lesions are small in size (about 3 mm), distinguished by their bright color and yellow purulent crusts. The favorite place for localization is the hands.

Post-traumatic eczema is the development of a purulent-inflammatory process around areas of the skin damaged due to trauma (cut, scratch, wound, bite, burn). The process of tissue restoration in this form of pathology is very slow.

Varicose eczema occurs due to impaired blood flow in the capillaries of the skin. Stagnation in the tissues causes the formation of deep, small-sized wounds (trophic ulcers), around which an eczematous lesion forms if a bacterial infection enters the wound against a background of weakened immunity. The location of irregularly shaped lesions is the lower extremities.

Sycosiform eczema is a purulent-bacterial process that occurs against the background of inflammation of the hair follicles, which develops in the area of ​​the hairy part of the body (mustache, beard, armpits, groin area), and subsequently spreads to other areas. The affected areas are characterized by severe weeping and deep color.

Nipple eczema affects mainly women during lactation. The cause of the development of microbial eczema in this case is trauma to the breast when feeding the baby against the background of insufficient hygiene of this part of the body. It may also occur in patients with scabies. The lesions have a bright color and a dense structure, and are prone to cracking.

Dyshidrotic eczema with a microbial component– this is the appearance on the lower part of the arms and legs (soles, palms, fingers) of vesicular rashes, the main cause of which is considered to be malfunction of the sweat glands, metabolic disorders in the body, decreased immunity, and a predisposition to allergies. It is against this background that exposure to a bacterial infection leads to the development of eczematous skin lesions.

Severely itchy elements of inflammation (both single and groups) originate deep in the skin, gradually rising above its surface. When there is a mechanical effect on the elements of inflammation, a strong pain syndrome is present. The disease is characterized by a chronic course.

Complications and consequences

Despite the fact that microbial eczema is not considered a severe and contagious disease, its consequences and complications are not at all as harmless as one might think. At the same time, the disease gives complications both in the absence of treatment and in the wrong approach to therapy, for example, self-medication. Still, a bacterial infection with the development of a purulent-inflammatory process carries the danger not only of further spread of the infection covering large areas (common microbial eczema), but also of the possibility of developing a generalized infection that affects the deep layers of the skin.

The appearance of multiple lesions is fraught with an increased likelihood of contracting viral pathologies. For example, the herpes virus, which affects the skin in different parts of the body depending on the type of virus, can cause serious health pathologies: chickenpox, which has a severe course in adulthood, herpes zoster, infectious mononucleosis, cytomegalovirus infection, eczema herpetiformis, known for its high level of lethality. Herpetic skin lesions can be localized in the face, neck, genitals and anus, which creates additional inconvenience due to the patient’s appearance and pain during eating and performing physiological needs.

And how many unpleasant moments the disease itself brings. Unattractive spots on the skin with painful itching during periods of exacerbation cause certain physical and emotional discomfort. Hostility on the part of other people, caused by an erroneous opinion about the contagiousness of the disease, often becomes the cause of nervous breakdowns and insomnia, provoking problems in professional and personal life.

Advanced forms of the disease and delayed treatment cause the formation of unsightly scars on the skin.

Diagnosis of microbial eczema

If various rashes and itching appear on the skin, it is first recommended to visit a dermatologist before taking any measures to solve the problem. First, you need to establish an accurate diagnosis and identify the cause of pathological changes in the skin, and only a specialist doctor can do this.

An external examination of the condition of the patient’s skin, lesions and their location, study of the patient’s history and complaints allows the doctor to assume eczematous skin lesions based on symptoms such as swelling and hyperemia of the skin, itchy skin rash, the appearance of crusts at the site of purulent ulcerations, etc. However, only special laboratory and instrumental studies can confirm the diagnosis of microbial eczema.

Material for research is obtained by scraping the skin from the affected area. During this process, the doctor examines the surface of the tissue under the crust for the presence of a weeping area and hemorrhages.

After this, instrumental diagnostics of the resulting material is carried out using a sensitive microscope. Using scraping microscopy, fungal (mycotic) pathogens are identified. Bacterial infection is determined by immersing the material taken during scraping in a nutrient medium. It is very important not only to identify the disease itself, but also to accurately determine its causative agent in order to prescribe effective antimicrobial or antifungal drugs.

If the deep layers of the skin are affected, the doctor prescribes a histological examination. The biopsy is taken from the deepest layers of the affected area. Its study helps to establish the severity of the inflammatory process, the presence of foreign components in the infiltrate, for example, plasma cells that produce antibodies.

If microbial eczema is not treated, there is a high probability of it turning into true eczema. If a change in the nature of the pathology is suspected, the doctor prescribes tests (usually CBC) for eosinophils, immunoglobulin E, and the level of T-lymphocytes.

Differential diagnosis

Differential diagnosis is carried out between microbial and other types of eczema, as well as with other skin pathologies with similar symptoms (various types of dermatitis, psoriasis, as well as allergies, which in their symptoms resemble the onset of eczematous pathologies).

Treatment of microbial eczema

Since advanced microbial eczema tends to easily turn into true eczema, and also has other unpleasant consequences, its treatment should begin immediately after the first signs of the disease appear. Since the allergic factor comes to the fore in the disease, which is no longer possible to get rid of, the treatment of microbial eczema consists of alleviating the patient’s condition and stopping relapses of the inflammatory process on the skin.

In order for the treatment to be successful, it is necessary to treat not only the external foci of the disease, but also the pathologies that caused microbial eczema.

An integrated approach to the treatment of bacterial inflammatory disease includes local treatment, systemic and physical therapy, and proper nutrition.

Drug therapy

Drugs for the treatment of microbial eczema can be divided into 2 groups:

• external means to relieve external manifestations of the disease,
• means for internal use as part of systemic therapy.

External remedies for local treatment of skin diseases:

• antiseptic solutions for treating damaged surfaces and compresses (boric acid 2% solution, resorcinol 1% solution, brilliant green solution, lead water),
• ointments with a drying effect (zinc, ichthyol, naphthalan ointment),
• ointments with an antibiotic (“Bactroban” - ointment with an antibiotic, “Drapolen” and “Dettol” - antiseptic creams with an antibacterial effect, erythromycin, tetracycline and other ointments),
• external agents for the treatment of fungal skin lesions (ointments “Exoderil”, “Loceril”, etc.) in the case of a mycotic form of the disease,
• non-hormonal anti-inflammatory drugs (“Radevit”, “Eplan”, “Fenistil”, “Gistan”, etc.),
• anti-inflammatory ointments and sprays containing corticosteroids are used in cases of widespread eczema affecting a large area of ​​the body (Advantan, Lokoid, Celestodarm, etc.),
• for extensive pathologies during remission - drugs that inhibit the synthesis of calcineurin (Pimecrolimus, Tacrolimus).

Medicines for systemic therapy:

• antiallergic (antihistamine) drugs (Diazolin, Zyrtec, Suprastin, Lomilan, Loratodine) to relieve painful allergy symptoms, such as skin rash, itching, inflammatory manifestations. Doctors may prescribe solutions of calcium chloride and sodium thiosulfate intravenously.
• immunomodulator drugs to reduce the activity of the immune system,
• oral antimicrobial agents (broad-spectrum antibiotics for microbial eczema fight possible bacterial pathogens): Ampicillin, Ofloxacin, Doxycycline, Ciprofloxacin, as well as Cefazolin in the form of intramuscular injections
• antifungal drugs (“Fluconazole”, “Futsis”, etc.
• sedatives (sedatives) that relieve psycho-emotional stress and allow you to rest peacefully at night (valerian and motherwort preparations, mild sleeping pills),
• vitamin complexes containing sufficient quantities of vitamins B, E and retinoids,
• corticosteroids (Prednisolone, Dexamethasone, Triamcinolone, etc.) for extensive severe skin lesions,
• cytostatics (“Cyclosporine”, “Methotrexate”) are also prescribed only in case of generalized infection.

Physiotherapeutic treatment includes many methods of physical influence that improve the condition of patients with microbial eczema. The most effective methods are: irradiation of the skin with ultraviolet rays (PUVA therapy as an option), UHF irradiation, laser and magnetic therapy, medicinal electrophoresis, ozone therapy.

Surgical treatment is prescribed mainly for varicose eczema or to prevent it.

Ointments and oral agents to combat bacterial infection

Since the disease has multiple external manifestations, ointments for microbial eczema are the main therapeutic agents that help significantly alleviate the patient’s condition, relieving inflammation and unpleasant allergy symptoms. And since the disease is still associated with a bacterial infection, there is no way to do without external agents with an antimicrobial effect.

Ointment "Bactroban"- an effective antimicrobial agent for local use based on the antibiotic mupirocin, which does not have cross-resistance with other antibiotics, which makes it possible to use it as part of complex therapy for microbial eczema. The drug is intended for the treatment of staphylococcal and streptococcal infections. It is used in case of development of secondary bacterial pathologies.

Cover the lesions with a thin layer of ointment 3 times a day. For application, use a cotton swab or bandage. The course of treatment is 10 days.

The only contraindication to the use of the ointment is hypersensitivity to the components of the drug.

Side effects are expressed mainly in hypersensitivity reactions with rashes, burning and itching on the skin. Less commonly, the use of ointment can cause nausea, gastralgia, headaches, and systemic allergic reactions.

"Tetracycline"- 3% ointment with an antibiotic of bacteriostatic action, used for infectious purulent pathologies, including microbial eczema. It eliminates the inflammatory process, significantly reduces the activity of pathogenic microflora, and stimulates skin regeneration.

The ointment can be applied to the affected areas several times a day (as prescribed by a doctor). The course of treatment is also determined by the attending physician.

The ointment is not prescribed in cases of hypersensitivity to its components, severe liver dysfunction, low levels of leukocytes, or the presence of a fungal infection. In pediatrics it is used from 8 years of age. During pregnancy, it is used only in the 1st and 2nd trimester.

When used externally, the antibiotic is quite well tolerated. Occasionally, local reactions may occur in the form of burning or itching, skin hyperemia. Systemic reactions can only be observed with long-term use of the drug.

"Erythromycin" in the form of an ointment - a bacteriostatic agent for topical use, which has a wider spectrum of antibacterial activity.

The ointment can be used to treat skin starting from the neonatal period. It can be applied 2-3 times a day. The therapeutic course is usually 6-9 weeks.

It is prescribed to patients in the absence of hypersensitivity to the components of the drug. Side effects include local allergic reactions and manifestations of the irritating effect of the drug.

In the case of mycotic and mixed forms of microbial eczema, ointment will be effective "Triderm", which contains the corticosteroid betamethasone, the aminoglycoside antibiotic gentamicin and the antifungal agent clotrimazole.

Apply the drug to the affected areas in a thin layer in the morning and evening, without covering with a bandage. The course of treatment is determined by the doctor.

The drug is not prescribed for hypersensitivity to its components, for skin tuberculosis and syphilis, viral skin infections, varicose veins, acne, herpetic skin lesions. Not used in pediatrics.

Side effects rarely manifest themselves in the form of skin irritation at the site of application (itching, burning, dry skin). Systemic disorders are observed when using ointment under bandages, with long-term treatment and with a common form of pathology.

Antibiotics for microbial eczema can be prescribed for both external and systemic use in order to completely eliminate the bacterial factor that maintains inflammation in the lesions. Antihistamines and anti-inflammatory drugs in this case will not be able to solve the problem on their own.

Depending on the bacterial pathogen and the severity of the pathology, broad-spectrum antibiotics of different groups can be prescribed: penicillins (ampicillin), tetracyclines (doxycycline), macrolides (azithromycin, erythromycin), cephalosporins (cefazolin) and in severe cases of purulent skin lesions, fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin ).

The use of broad-spectrum antibiotics makes it possible to fight not only the causative agent of the disease, but also to prevent the addition of other infections during periods of exacerbation, when the lesions are most sensitive to the influence of pathogenic microorganisms.

Treatment of microbial eczema at home

Since microbial eczema is characterized by a chronic course of the inflammatory process, its treatment is not always justified in a hospital. Inpatient treatment can be prescribed during periods of exacerbation in common and other severe forms of pathology.

Typically, treatment for microbial eczema is carried out at home. After diagnosis and diagnosis, the doctor prescribes appropriate treatment (usually external agents and oral medications), which will need to be taken mainly during periods of exacerbation.

In addition to the above drugs, enterosorbents can be used to treat microbial eczema as an allergic pathology. You can buy them at any pharmacy. The drugs are inexpensive and will not cause harm, but they will help fight the symptoms caused by intoxication of the body due to allergies. Taking activated carbon or the drug "Polysorb" gives a good effect.

During the treatment of eczema, certain precautions must be taken. During an exacerbation of the disease, exposure to moisture and sunlight on the affected areas is considered undesirable. Sunbathing during the acute period of illness is prohibited. Do not overheat under any circumstances.

It is necessary to avoid the use of household chemicals due to their negative (allergenic) effect on the body. If you have eczema on your hands, you can wash dishes and do laundry only with protective gloves.

Hygiene products should be gentle, natural if possible, including medicinal plants with soothing and anti-inflammatory properties.

You also need to pay attention to your diet. A diet for microbial eczema involves excluding from the diet foods that can cause allergic reactions, for example, chocolate and tropical fruits (citrus fruits), berries, chicken eggs, and seafood. Dishes should not contain chemical flavorings or dyes. Alcoholic drinks, sweet soda, marinades and pickles, spices and seasonings, and coffee are also excluded.

Nutrition for microbial eczema should be balanced. The lack of eggs can be compensated for by lean meat, and instead of sweets, eat more fruits.

To avoid exacerbations, the diet should contain only foods allowed for microbial eczema. These are fermented milk and low-fat dairy products, fresh, boiled or stewed vegetables, local fruits, light dietary meats, and cereals. Vegetable soups and broths, casseroles made from vegetables and cottage cheese are also useful.

Traditional treatment

Microbial eczema, like other skin diseases, can be treated using effective folk recipes. However, traditional treatment of the disease should be carried out in combination with traditional medication and physiotherapeutic treatment.

Here are some useful recipes that can be successfully used to treat bacterial eczema at home.

1. As a drying agent for weeping eczema of any etiology, it is useful to use the pulp and juice of fresh potatoes. They are used for applications (exposure time 20 minutes) and lotions that help eliminate edema syndrome and stimulate regenerative processes in the skin. You can add honey to the potato pulp, which will only enhance the healing effect.
2. Garlic recipes are great for fighting bacterial infections. Garlic can be used both fresh (you can get burned!) or boiled. It is crushed to a pasty state and mixed with honey in equal proportions. It is recommended to apply the mixture to the affected areas three times a day. The exposure time should be discussed with your doctor.

Quite a lot of traditional medicine recipes for the treatment of microbial eczema are based on herbal treatment. Decoctions for lotions and applications can be prepared from pine needles and pine cones (100 g of raw materials per 1 liter of boiling water), fresh walnut leaves (100 g of leaves per ½ liter of boiling water), herbal infusions (may contain calendula, string, yarrow, St. John's wort , nettle, birch buds, chamomile and other medicinal herbs).

It is also useful to apply fresh elderberry leaves slightly mashed or beaten with a knife to the wounds. Exposure time – 15 minutes.

As internal remedies, you can use infusions of yarrow herb or dandelion roots.

Homeopathic treatment

Homeopathy will also help patients with microbial eczema, the medicines of which are relatively safe and quite effective for various types of eczematous skin lesions.

Since microbial eczema has a chronic course, and during exacerbation the appearance of weeping wounds is observed, Graphites in the form of granules and ointment will be considered the main drug for homeopathic treatment.

But it is quite possible to reduce the likelihood and frequency of relapses of the disease by adhering to certain rules:

• following a special diet that excludes food allergens,
• treatment of various chronic pathologies, especially infectious ones,
• increasing immunity,
• rejection of bad habits,
• maintaining personal hygiene using natural products,
• wearing clothes and underwear strictly made from natural fabrics; synthetics, wool and flannel are prohibited,
• stabilization of the psycho-emotional state, elimination of stressful situations,
• regular holidays at sea during periods of remission,
• for varicose eczema, wearing special stockings or bandaging the legs in the affected area with medicinal bandages,
• regular preventive examinations by a dermatologist (4-6 times a year).

People who experience skin diseases will forever remember the torment - unbearable itching and rashes that can drive them crazy. Appearance also brings many experiences. After all, you don’t want to explain to everyone you meet that microbial eczema is practically harmless to others.

The diagnosis is unpleasant for the patient and occurs with inflammation of the epidermis in the area of ​​the head, body and limbs. Severe itching, pain and the general poor condition of the patient make him hot-tempered and irritable.

Microbial eczema in the photo 6 pieces

Microbial eczema on the hands (see photo) and other areas of the body, a type of disease. It has a secondary flow. It develops on already diseased surfaces where bacterial or fungal infections occur. Inflammatory changes caused by infection are superimposed on the background symptoms that have already appeared.

Diagnostics is carried out to determine the microorganisms responsible for what is happening. They examine the tank. sowing of separated elements or taking scrapings to identify fungi. The pathogenic flora that causes this type of eczema is added in approximately 25% of cases of the total number of cases.

Causes of microbial eczema

Very often the culprit of infection, determined during culture, is hemolytic streptococcus. He's not the only one. Infection can be caused by:

• Staphylococcus aureus.
• Klebsiella.
• Neisseria meningitis or gonorrhea.
• Candida fungi, etc.

The limbs are often affected. Since this is an associated infection, it affects areas already affected by chronic manifestations. Microorganisms enter tissues through damaged areas. They multiply quickly, creating inflammation localized in foci. This often occurs around injured wounds that do not heal for a long time: postoperative wounds, fistulas, trophic ulcers and other poorly healing injuries.

Microbial eczema on the legs is common and treatment is relatively difficult. Appears due to a disease - varicose veins, lymphostasis or long-lasting fungal infections.

The result of secondary pathology is clearly visible mass rashes. They cause discomfort to the owner. For an effective fight, it is important to find out the etiology. There are moments that are conducive to easy onset of the disease. In patients with microbial eczema, the reasons lie in the following features:

1. In disorders of the autonomic and nervous systems.
2. Neuroendocrine diseases.
3. Congenital strong skin sensitivity.
4. Hypovitaminosis.
5. Genetic predisposition to allergies.
6. Weakness of immunity.

A weakened body with accumulated allergens, which in turn are provocateurs for infections, risks turning the disease into a chronic one. This form threatens with constant unpleasant health problems and long-term treatment.

Photo of microbial eczema on hands and feet

Having no education in the field of medicine, rarely observing such problems, it is difficult to imagine the possible extent of infection and the type of affected skin areas. Next, you can form an objective opinion about microbial eczema on the legs; the photo has a rather unpleasant picture. Severe redness, purulent discharge, dried yellowish-brown crusts, cracks, papules and other unsightly elements create the overall picture.

Therefore, if you find yourself predisposed to allergic manifestations: redness, diathesis and any initial stages of skin lesions, be sure to go to a dermatologist! It is better to prevent a disease than to bring it to a state that is difficult to treat.