Sedatives (sedatives) of plant origin - review of remedies. Method of preparation and use Preparation of herbal antidepressant

We live in an age of stress and speed; out of breath from the endless and essentially meaningless running, we habitually slow down at the pharmacy, buy a package of bright bottles and jars and run on, swallowing pills as we go: we are fighting our own nerves. What's the point? Take one pill, then another, then take a third?.. But turning to natural, centuries-tested remedies can give results that are almost more effective than the effects of newfangled pills!
Herbal remedies not only reduce the processes of excitation in the central nervous system, have calming and antispasmodic properties, but also enhance the effect of hypnotic substances and are used for nervous excitement and insomnia.

Plants that calm the nervous system

Their list is not so short. In addition to popular valerian officinalis, motherwort cordial, lemon balm, stone valerian (patrinia average), passionflower incarnate, peony evasive, tropical plant of the pepper family kava-kava and many others also have a sedative effect. Moreover, each natural healer has a set of “personal” qualities that must be taken into account when choosing a medicine.
Valerian officinalis not only soothes, but also has antispasmodic properties, regulates the activity of the heart, improves coronary circulation, enhances the secretion of the glands of the gastrointestinal tract and bile secretion. In addition, valerian improves appetite and has a general strengthening effect.
To prepare the medicine, the roots and rhizomes of the plant are used, which are dug up, cleaned and dried, and then cut into small pieces. Infusions (6; 10 or 20 g per 180–200 ml of water) or decoctions (2 teaspoons per glass of water) are prepared from crushed raw materials. Adults are prescribed to drink 1-2 tablespoons. spoons up to 4 times a day. For children, the drug is prepared at the rate of 4–6 g of raw material per 200 ml of water and given a teaspoon, dessert or tablespoon - depending on age and doctor’s recommendations. Valerian tincture is prescribed for adults, 20-30 drops per dose, for children - as many drops as the child is old, up to 4 times a day.
Patrinia (stone valerian) is very close in pharmacological properties to medicinal valerian.
Similar in action to valerian and motherwort , but it also lowers blood pressure and reduces heart rate. For infusion, take 15 g of herb per glass of water, drink it before meals, adults - 1 table. spoon up to 4 times a day; motherwort is prepared and given to children according to the same scheme as valerian.
Passionflower and peony also soothe ; In addition, these plants have an anticonvulsant effect. Peony tincture is prescribed 30–40 drops 3 times a day for a month, after which a 10-day break is taken and the course is repeated. Peony tincture should not be given to children. The produced tincture of passionflower incarnate also has a pronounced sedative effect, but it cannot be used in case of angina, atherosclerosis or myocardial infarction.
Fragrant lemon balm not only has a beneficial effect on the nervous system, but also has antipruritic, antihypertensive, antispasmodic, antiarrhythmic effects, and also gently drives bile and restores intestinal flora. Melissa also helps eliminate mild forms of dysmenorrhea, menopausal disorders, and toxicosis of pregnant women; exhibits cardio-, neuro-, nephro- and immunoprotective properties. Melissa infusion (3-5 g of dry raw material per 200 ml of water) is taken after meals, 50 ml up to 4 times a day, in order to normalize digestion - half an hour before meals.
Well, the mentioned tropical plant kava-kava not only soothes, but also has an antimicrobial and analgesic effect. Of course, you won’t find this plant in the forest, but you can easily buy it in the form of tablets and capsules at the pharmacy. Preparations of kava-kava rhizomes are used as a sedative and hypnotic, and also as an additional remedy for enterocolitis and urinary tract infections.
A number of plants containing cardiac glycosides also have a sedative effect, the most “bright” representative of such herbs is spring adonis. . Menthol, which is part of the oil, also has a slight sedative effect. peppermint .

Previously, sedative plants included common hop; the sedative effect was attributed to the substances contained in hop cones and glands - humulone and lupulone. But over time, scientists found that these substances have a calming effect only on cold-blooded animals (frogs), and have no effect on mammals and humans. However, tincture and extract of common hops are still sometimes included in combination sedatives. And people suffering from insomnia are advised to sleep on a pillow stuffed with hop cones - this promotes better sleep.

Sedatives (calming) drugs (from Latin sedo, sedatum - to calm down) are drugs that have a calming effect on the central nervous system.

Sedatives are used for various conditions of increased excitability; they have a calming effect and weaken some manifestations of neuroses (reduce irritability, normalize sleep).

Medicinal plant raw materials with sedative effects include:

Rhizomes with valerian roots - Rhizomata cum radicibus Valerianae

Peppermint leaves - Folia Menthae piperitae

Evading peony herb - Herba Paeoniae anomalae

Rhizomata et radices Paeoniae anomalae Rhizomata et radices Paeoniae anomalae

Motherwort herb - Herba Leonuri

Hop fruits - Strobili Lupuli

Herbal medicines have a moderate calming effect on the central nervous system, but do not cause drowsiness, addiction phenomena, or movement disorders manifested by disorders of their coordination. The therapeutic effects of herbal medicines are associated with the content of biologically active substances in them, which belong to various classes of natural chemical compounds.

The use of herbal medicines in the treatment of neuroses has a number of advantages over pharmacotherapy. All main directions of etiopathogenetic therapy in combination with symptomatic effects on the functions of internal organs can be implemented in one drug. The principle of individual selection and dosing of medications is easily achievable. This approach can provide the necessary duration of treatment, since, having selected several effective combinations of herbal remedies for the patient, you can alternate them for any required period of time, avoiding side effects.

Let's consider medicinal plant raw materials:

Melissa herb - Herba Melissae

Melissa officinalis L.

Family Lamiaceae (Labiatae) - Lamiaceae (Labiatae).

Botanical description. A perennial herbaceous plant with an erect tetrahedral branched stem. The leaves are opposite, petiolate, pubescent, heart-ovate, with a crenate edge. Small flowers with a two-lipped yellowish-white or pinkish corolla are collected in whorls in the axils of the upper leaves. The fruit is a coenobium.

Blooms from June to August. The fruits ripen in September-October.

Geographical distribution. The homeland of the plant is the Mediterranean countries. It is found wildly in the south of the European part of Russia. Introduced into culture.

Habitat. Grows along forest edges, ravines, shady gorges.

Preparation. The grass is harvested during the period of budding and flowering, cutting off the upper part of the flowering shoots.

Drying. Melissa herb is dried under canopies or in dryers at temperatures up to 35 °C.

External signs of raw materials. Whole raw materials - the upper parts of stems up to 35 cm long with opposite leaves, buds or flowers, individual leaves, pieces of stems. Stems are tetrahedral, pubescent. The leaves are heart-ovate, with a crenate edge, pubescent on both sides; flowers with a two-lipped corolla. The color of the stems is grayish-green, the leaves are dark green above, grayish-green below, the flowers are pinkish or yellowish-white. The smell is aromatic, lemony. The taste is bitter-spicy.

Crushed raw materials - pieces of stems, leaves, flowers and buds, passing through a sieve with holes with a diameter of 7 mm.

Powder - pieces of stems, leaves, flowers and buds passing through a sieve with holes 2 mm in diameter.

Storage. Raw materials are stored in dry rooms on shelves, like essential oils, separately from other types of raw materials. Shelf life - 3 years.

Chemical composition. Essential oil (which contains citral, geraniol, linalool, etc.), flavonoids, tannins, phenolic acids (including salicylic acid), vitamins C, B1, B2, carotenoids, trace elements.

Application, medicines. Melissa herb as a sedative is used in the form of an infusion for excessive excitability, insomnia, hysteria, neuralgia, and also as an antispasmodic, analgesic, hypotensive, and digestive improver. Dry extract from lemon balm herb is included in the preparations Nervoflux (recommended for problems falling asleep and sleeping, nervous excitement), Dormiplant (for increased nervous excitability, difficulty falling asleep) and Persen (for neurasthenia, vegetative-vascular dystonia). The liquid extract is contained in the drug novo-passit, used as a sedative and anxiolytic. Essential oil from the lemon balm herb is used to obtain the drug altalex - a sedative, antimicrobial and appetite-increasing agent.

Side effects. When taken in large doses, lemon balm preparations cause lethargy and drowsiness, accompanied by a decrease in breathing and pulse.

Contraindications. Hypersensitivity to drug components, myasthenia gravis, severe hypotension.

Hello dear readers. Stress, depression and nervous tension are constant companions of modern society. Surely you have heard a fairly common phrase: “Stress and nerves are the beginning of a variety of diseases.” This expression is quite logical and fair. Scientists have proven that if humanity could get rid of stress in everyday life, then 90% of patients would be cured of chronic illnesses. However, our dreams remain just dreams, and reality poses a new challenge in the form of psychosomatic diseases. What can we do to counter them? Try to protect your nerves from worries, support them, and, if necessary, treat them. Medicinal sedative herbs cope well with this task.

All plants act in a complex manner - this is undoubtedly their advantage. Each leaf contains a myriad of “benefits” – vitamins and minerals.

All this has a positive effect on the organs and systems of our body. It is worth noting that all substances interact peacefully and do not conflict, according to the law of synergy, only reinforcing and complementing each other.

Calming herbs. 10 Effective Herbs for the Nervous System

Sedative herbs serve as a reliable barrier to the stress pressure that a person is exposed to on a daily basis.

The ten recipes you will read below will come to your aid from nature itself. They are aimed at healing the body, finding peace and harmony. Calming herbs are more effective for the nervous system, plus they promote good sleep.

1. Almighty motherwort

If you take motherwort regularly, you will protect yourself from many diseases. Because, in addition to the calming effect, the plant helps with diseases of the heart and blood vessels.

And having another property, such as reducing blood glucose levels, its use also extends to people with excess blood sugar.

To prepare the decoction , for a glass of boiling water, take 2 tbsp. spoons of motherwort, brew, cool and pass through a sieve. Drink motherwort infusion 3 times a day, one tablespoon.

You can also purchase alcohol in a pharmacy and use it according to the instructions.

2. Minty freshness and vigor

Menthol, which is present in mint, when taken in small doses, calms, and in large doses, it tones the body.

Fragrant mint tea stimulates the heart muscle and speeds up metabolism. When cold, this drink is a wonderful cooling agent, and when hot it helps you sweat.

Prepare the infusion like this: 1 tablespoon of fresh or dry mint leaves, pour 150 ml of boiling water, leave to brew for 20 minutes.

To cheer up, take a cup of infusion after meals, drinking warm tea at night will calm your nerves.

3. St. John's wort heals

St. John's wort has long been widely used in folk medicine. For several centuries, this herb has consistently helped restore the nervous system. Modern medicine also values St. John's wort as before.

Doctors believe that she copes with depression as well as pills. Healing decoctions of St. John's wort are used for gastritis, ulcers, neurosis, and heart failure. The herb St. John's wort is an excellent mild remedy for unreasonable anxiety and fear.

To prepare a decoction of St. John's wort , you will need 1 tablespoon of chopped herbs, which is poured with boiling water (about 300 ml). Then we insist and filter the St. John's wort decoction, take it 30 minutes before meals. We recommend doing this 3 times a day.

4. Hops for neurology

Young hop shoots are a storehouse of medicinal substances. It reduces irritability, calms the nerves, and treats neuralgia. Hop cones were used for treatment in ancient Rome, and in the Middle Ages they were used to cleanse the blood.

How to make an infusion? Take 2 tbsp. spoons of hop cones, half a liter of boiling water and, using a thermos, brew this mixture for 6 hours. Then we filter and take 150 ml of this drink warm before meals 2-3 times a day.

5. Valerian for restful sleep

The most common way to cope with agitated nerves, fatigue, migraines and insomnia is to take a decoction of valerian.

Decoctions prepared at home are more effective than pharmacy infusions and tablets. Their administration takes longer than ready-made medications.

You need to take 1 tbsp. spoon of the roots of this plant, 200 ml of water, and boil over low heat for 30 minutes and leave for two hours. Take 1 tablespoon orally 3 times a day.

6. Hawthorn fruits

Hawthorn is our plant protector. The lifespan of the shrub is up to 300 years, and it has been used by people since the 16th century.

The fruits and leaves of hawthorn have a beneficial effect and heal the heart. In addition, it helps with hypertension problems and prevents the appearance of plaques on blood vessels. It calms and stabilizes sleep.

How to brew hawthorn? There are different ways to brew berries, depending on the disease.

Let's look at the “classic method”, when we have dried berries, purchased at a pharmacy or picked with our own hands. Take 1 tablespoon of dry berries and brew with 1 glass of boiling water, cook on fire and let it brew.

7. Melissa will drive away stress

If you are irritable and cannot calm down for a long time, or suffer from insomnia, try lemon balm tea.

Melissa reduces heart rate, relieves nervousness, and lowers blood pressure.

To make lemon balm tea you need 1 tbsp. a spoonful of flowers filled with 200 ml of boiling water. After steeping for about 40 minutes, strain. In the future, take 1 tablespoon 3 times a day before meals.

8. Silver lily of the valley

A detailed study of the composition of various parts of lily of the valley showed that it contains active substances that are very similar in pharmacological action to cardiac glycoside.

Lily of the valley also has an increased calming effect. Lily of the valley tincture is recommended for the treatment of neuroses with cardiovascular disorders.

It can be taken either separately or mixed with motherwort, hawthorn, peony, valerian or belladonna. Be careful: lily of the valley is poisonous! Therefore, use only pharmacy tincture.

9. Lavender bath

Lavender essential oil is a well-known sedative. For peace and quick sleep, prepare a bath and add 5 drops of lavender oil, immerse yourself in the pleasant floral aroma and relax.

The lavender infusion is prepared as follows: Brew five dried flowers in one liter of boiling water, leave for 10 minutes. For nervous tension, take 100 ml 3-4 times a day before meals.

10. Black algae

This herb gently soothes frayed nerves and fights insomnia associated with overexertion and exhaustion of the body. The herb helps with apathy and improves mood.

How to brew? Take 20 g of cinnamon, pour a glass of boiling water and leave for a couple of hours. Take the herb 4 times a day, 100 g.

Treatment is especially effective when neurosis and depression have entered the initial stage.

Take care of your body more often, because health is not subject to money, live for yourself and the people you love.

Try not to worry about every little thing and look for the positive in everything. Use recipes for soothing herbal infusions - this is an additional means of relaxation that will help you return to normal without interrupting your daily life.

Be healthy, cheerful and beautiful!

This group includes medicinal plants, the preparations of which in therapeutic doses do not give a hypnotic effect, but in case of sleep disturbances they are able to normalize it; they can reduce or eliminate neuropsychic tension, feelings of fear and anxiety, increase and normalize mental and physical performance.
When used correctly, preparations of these plants are well tolerated and do not cause side effects, addiction or addiction.

Ledum SWAMP- LEDUM PALUSTRE L.
HEather FAMILY - ERICACEAE
Description. An evergreen, very fragrant shrub, 50-125 cm high. The stems are recumbent, with numerous branches and reddish-brown pubescence. The leaves are alternate linear or oblong elliptical with entire edges turned down, green, wrinkled above, with dense pubescence below. The flowers are white, five-membered, collected at the ends of the branches in umbrella-shaped racemes. The calyx is small, the corolla has five free petals. The fruit is an oblong, five-locular, multi-seeded capsule. Blooms in May - July, bears fruit in July - August.
. Widely distributed in the forest and tundra zones of the European part of the USSR, Siberia and the Far East.
Organs used: leaves and young twigs collected in August - September.
Chemical composition. All organs of the plant (except for the roots) contain essential oil, but most of it is in the leaves, especially the first year (from 1.5 to 7.5%). The composition of the essential oil includes: ledol (C15H26O), palustrol (C15H26O), n-cymene (C10H14), geranyl acetate. In addition to essential oil, the leaves contain glycosides - ericolin (arbutin), as well as tannins.
In addition to the glycoside arbutin, the plant contains a glycoside-like toxic substance andromedotoxin, as well as tannins, in particular leditanoic acid, which, when hydrolyzed with concentrated mineral acids, releases a yellow-red substance ledixanthin (D. K. Ges et al., 1966).
Pharmacological properties. T.P. Berezovskaya notes the existence of three morphological forms of wild rosemary (common, narrow-leaved and broad-leaved), which do not have exactly the same pharmacological properties and chemical composition. For example, in Ledum angustifolia there is no iceol, which is credited with an expectorant and antispasmodic effect (N.K. Fruentov, 1974).
According to E.Yu. Chass (1962), the use of wild rosemary is very diverse: more often it is used for rheumatism, less often for whooping cough and cough, as a diuretic and diaphoretic. A 10% solution of eleopten (the liquid part of the essential oil) in flaxseed oil in the form of nasal drops is used in the treatment of rhinitis and flu.
Despite the great interest in this plant, its pharmacological properties have not been sufficiently studied. It is only known that wild rosemary preparations have local irritant properties. Thus, ice and essential oils in general can cause inflammation of the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract. With their resorptive effect, experiments on animals revealed a two-phase effect: initially stimulating, and then depressing and paralyzing (B. G. Volynsky et al., 1978).
Application. Used as an anticonvulsant and narcotic for angina pectoris, skin diseases (N. S. Spassky), bruises, wounds and bleeding (A. A. Alekseeva and others). The liquid part of the essential oil (eleopten), oil extracts and ointments are used for colds and flu. An infusion of wild rosemary leaves or “grass” in a ratio of 1:10 and 1:15 is given orally for acute and chronic bronchitis as an expectorant, anti-inflammatory and antiseptic. Ledum decoction in folk medicine is used for lung diseases, including tuberculosis, whooping cough, bronchial asthma, gastrointestinal diseases, rheumatism, kidney diseases, scrofula, eczema, gout, as well as for the prevention of epidemic diseases (V.I. Zavrazhnov and etc.). Ledum is also effective against insect bites, bruises and frostbite (V.P. Makhlayuk, 1967).
An aqueous decoction of wild rosemary flowers is given to patients with coughs, bronchitis, colds, stomach diseases, heart disease, kidney disease, rickets, diarrhea, and infertility (B. G. Volynsky et al., 1978).
There are known cases of people being poisoned by wild rosemary, as well as the appearance of headaches in people who find themselves in its thickets in calm weather (N.K. Fruentov, 1974).

1. Herbal infusion 1:30, take 1 tablespoon 3 - 4 times a day.
2. Pour a teaspoon of herbs into 2 cups of cold boiled water, leave for 8 hours in a sealed container, and filter. Prescribed orally 1/2 cup 4 times a day.
3. Anti-asthmatic tea: 25 g of wild rosemary herb and 15 g of stinging nettle leaves are poured into 1 liter of boiling water, infused for 8 hours, filtered. Prescribe ¼ cup orally 4 times a day.
4. Two tablespoons of wild rosemary herb are poured with 5 tablespoons of sunflower or linseed oil, left for 12 hours in a sealed container on a hot stove, and filtered. Use externally.
Rp.:Inf. Lady palustris ex 10-150 ml
Sir. Althaeae 25.0
M.D.S. 1 tablespoon after 2 hours
Rp.: Herbae Lady palustris 50.0
D. S. Brew two tablespoons of herbs with 1 liter of boiling water
water. Drink 1/2 glass 5-6 times a day
Rp.: Eleoptene -1.0
Olei Lini 9.0
M.D.S. 1-2 drops in both nostrils

LITERATURE
Alekseeva. A. A., Blinova K. F., Komarova M. N. and others. Medicinal plants of Buryatia, Ulan-Ude, 1974.
Berezovskaya T.S. Comparative chemical study of various forms of wild rosemary. - In the book: Materials of the second meeting on the study of medicinal plants of Siberia and the Far East. Tomsk, 1961.
Spassky N.S. The effect of Ledi Palustris (marsh rosemary) on blood clotting and the vascular system. - Irkutsk Medical Journal, 1929, No. 3,
Tatarov S. D. Materials and instructions for the use of medicinal plants in medical practice. - Arkhangelsk Department of the State Pedagogical University, 1943.

VALERIAN OFFICINAL (VALERIAN PHARMACEUTICAL, MAUUN)-VALERlANA OFFC1NALIS L.
FAMILY VALERIANACEAE
Description. A perennial herbaceous plant 180-200 cm high. The rhizome is short, vertical, with numerous thin, cord-like, whitish or brownish succulent roots with a specific odor. The stems are erect, simple, branched at the top, hollow grooved. The leaves are slender, unpaired, sessile at the top, long-petiolate at the bottom. The flowers are small, fragrant, pale pink in color, collected at the apex in a thyroid or paniculate inflorescence. The corolla is funnel-shaped with a five-lobed limb. The fruit is a small, oblong ovoid achene with a falling tuft. It blooms from late May to August, the fruits ripen in June - September.
Geographical distribution. Almost throughout the USSR, with the exception of the Far North and desert regions of Central Asia.
Organs used: rhizome with roots.
Chemical composition. Rhizomes and roots contain up to 0.5-2% essential oil, the main part of which is bornyl isovalerate (valerian-borneol ester C15H26O2), isovaleric acid (C5H10O2), borneol (C10H18O), I-myrtenol and its isovaleric ester; I - camphene (C10H16); α-pinene; d-terpineol, 1-limonene, as well as sesquiterpene (C15H24), alcohol (C17H29O), nitrogen-containing (C6H13ON) and kessilic proazulene (C15H26O2) alcohols, etc.
Alkaloids were found in rhizomes, roots and grass - valeria, hatinin, as well as volatile bases (C10H15N and C17H32N), pyryl-alpha-methyl ketone (C6H7ON), a little studied glycoside valeride; tannins, sugars and formic, acetic, malic, stearic, palmitic and other acids.
Pharmacological properties. Valerian is one of the most popular and highly valuable medicinal plants. Its drugs enhance the process of inhibition in the cerebral cortex, reduce reflex excitability, and have a normalizing effect on the central nervous and cardiovascular systems.
The healing properties of valerian were well known to the doctors of ancient Greece and the Romans. At the end of the 19th century, it was believed that “valerian root is one of the excellent stimulant, anticonvulsant and even anthelmintic drugs. It is given for convulsive suffering, hysteria, hypochondria, migraine and other nervous suffering...” (X. Hager). However, to this day the medicinal properties of valerian have not yet been fully studied.
Taking into account the principle of compatibility of sedative and hemostatic properties, V.N. Mirnov (1965) studied the influence of valerian and such a classical drug as sodium bromide (together with V.M. Yadrova) and some sedative medicinal plants. It was found that both intravenous and oral administration of 10% infusion of valerian officinalis to dogs in acute and chronic experiments, along with a pronounced decrease in blood pressure (with intravenous administration), accelerates the process of blood clotting. The same result was obtained in acute and chronic experiments in rats - with an increase in the optimal dose (2.5 ml/kg), the blood clotting process slowed down.
Several types of valerian grow in the Far East: Amur, Korneyskaya, alternate-leaved, Zaenisei. Other species (capitate, Stubendorf, etc.) are less common. All of them have still been little studied (N.K. Fruentov). It can be assumed that new species of medicinal value may be discovered among them.
A comparative study of the effect of infusions of valerian officinalis and valerian cordis showed that the latter more actively reduces the motor activity of mice and does not affect the duration of the hypnotic effect caused by barbamyl, hexenal, urethane and chloral hydrate (A. D. Turova).
Application. Valerian preparations are used for nervous excitement, insomnia, neuroses of the cardiovascular system, spasms in the gastrointestinal tract (M.D. Mashkovsky). G.N. Kovaleva used valerian root for neuroses, migraines, insomnia, rushes of blood to the head, especially in menopausal women. She recommends brewing 5 g of crushed valerian root in 250 ml of boiling water, simmering it for at least 2 hours, straining and taking 1/2 cup morning and evening. M.A. Nosal and I.M. Nosal advise giving valerian to children with nervous shock (“fright”) with convulsions 5 times a day, 7-10 drops in a teaspoon of water. They prescribe valerian for epilepsy not only internally, but also externally (in the form of baths).
In folk medicine of Belarus, valerian preparations (tincture of the root in vodka or water decoctions) are very widely used as a cardiac sedative (V. G. Nikolaeva, 1964).
Valerian preparations are used as sedatives for nervous excitement, insomnia, neuroses of the cardiovascular system, neurasthenia, hysteria, anxiety states, menopausal disorders, hyperfunction of the thyroid gland, and some types of vitamin deficiencies; Valerian preparations dilate blood vessels and reduce blood pressure, increase the secretion of digestive glands and increase the secretion of bile, etc.

Methods of preparation and use Collected in autumn or early spring, the rhizomes and roots (washed and dried) of valerian officinalis are the raw materials from which they are prepared:
1. Briquettes of rhizomes with roots, divided by grooves into 10 equal slices, 7.5 g each, to prepare valerian infusion: pour one slice with a glass of cold water, boil for 5 minutes, filter through gauze. Adults are prescribed 1 tablespoon 3 times a day, young children - 1 teaspoon 2-3 times a day.
2. Tincture of valerian in 70% alcohol in a ratio of 1:5 is prescribed for adults, 20-30 drops per dose, and for children - as many drops per dose as they are old.
3. Valerian extract is thick. Used in the form of film-coated tablets containing 0.02 g of extract. The tablets are convenient to take, but a freshly prepared infusion of valerian has a more pronounced effect.
4. The collection is sedative. Ingredients: rhizomes with valerian roots - 1 part, peppermint and trefoil leaves - 2 parts each, hop cones - 1 part. Take 2 tablespoons per 2 cups of boiling water, leave for 30 minutes. Drink half a glass 2 times a day - morning and evening (M. D. Mashkovsky).
5. A teaspoon of crushed rhizomes and roots of valerian officinalis is poured with 1 glass of boiling water, infused in a sealed container for 10-12 hours, filtered. Prescribe 1 tablespoon 3-4 times a day.
6. One part of the rhizomes and roots is poured with 5 parts (by volume) of 40% alcohol (or vodka), infused for 7 days, filtered, and the tincture is added with a solvent (vodka) to the original volume. Apply 15-20 drops 3-4 times a day.
7. Inhale powder of dry rhizomes and roots 1 g 3-5 times a day (according to A.P. Nelyubin).
Rp.: T-rae Valerianae 30.0
D.S. 20-30 drops 3 times a day.
Rp.: T-rae Vaierianae
T-rae ConvaUariae aa 7.5
M. D S. 20-30 drops 3 times a day
Rp.: Tabul. Extr. Valerianae 0.02 N 50
D.S. 2 tablets 3 times a day
Rp.: Rhizomae et radicis Valerianae 50.0
D.S. Brew 1 tablespoon in a glass
boiling water, drink 1/3 cup 3 times a day
Rp.:Inf. rad. Valerianae 15.0:200.0
T-rae Menthae 3.0
T-rae Leonuri 10.0
M.D.S. 1 tablespoon 3 times a day

LITERATURE
Akopov I.E. On some patterns of compatibility of the general hemostatic and sedative effects of drugs. - News of the Academy of Sciences of the UzSSR (medical series), 1958, No. 6, p. 51-56.
Mirnov V.N. The influence of sodium bromide, valerian, motherwort, cudweed, skullcap and cyanosis on the process of blood clotting. - Abstract. Ph.D. dis., Saratov, 1969.
Mirnov V.N. and Yadrova V.M. The effect of sodium bromide on the blood coagulation system. - Pharmacol. and Toksikol., 1965, No. 2, p. 200-203.

ORIGINA- ORIGANUM VULGARE L. FAMILY LAMIACEAE
Description. Perennial herbaceous plant 30-60 cm high, branched stem, leaves petiolate, oblong-ovate, pointed, entire or slightly toothed. The flowers are collected in small corymbs, forming a corymbose panicle at the top of the stem. The calyx has five equal teeth, with a ring of hairs inside; corolla two-lipped, purple, less often whitish. The fruit consists of four nuts enclosed in a calyx. It blooms from July to September, the fruits ripen from August.
Geographical distribution. Almost throughout the entire European part of the USSR, with the exception of the Far North, the Caucasus, as well as in the southern regions of Siberia; less common in some areas of Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.
Organs used: aboveground part of a plant (grass).
Chemical composition. Oregano herb contains from 0.3 to 1% essential oil, which includes: phenols (up to 44%) - thymol and its isomer carvacrol; bi- and tricyclic sesquiterpenes (12.5%), free alcohols of the composition C10H18O (up to 15%). In addition, the herb contains tannins, ascorbic acid (up to 565 mg% in leaves) and flavonoids.
Application. Used as a sedative for stimulation of the central nervous system (A.D. Turova), for insomnia (D.K. Ges and others; B.G. Volynsky and others; V.I. Zavrazhnov and others). Oregano herb is also used for rheumatism, paralysis, epilepsy, colds as an expectorant, diaphoretic and diuretic; for acute and chronic bronchitis, for atonic and spastic conditions of the gastrointestinal tract (E.Yu.Chass; N.G. Kovaleva).
Oregano herb is official in Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, Norway, Poland and Austria (N. G. Kovaleva, 1971).
This plant is approved for use in the USSR as an expectorant (chronic bronchitis) and a sedative for intestinal peristalsis in the form of an infusion (10.0:200.0-15.0:200.0), a tablespoon orally 3 times a day. Externally, oregano herb is used for aromatic baths (M.A. Klyuev, E.A. Babayan, 1979).
Rectangular tile briquettes (120x65x70 mm, weight 75 g) are made from crushed oregano grass, divided by grooves into 10 equal slices (7.5 g each). One slice is poured into a glass of boiling water, left for 15-20 minutes, filtered, and drunk warm 15-20 minutes before meals (M.D. Mashkovsky, 1977).

Rp.:Inf. herbae Origani ex. 15-200 ml
D.S.Ho 1 tablespoon 3-4 times a day
Rp.: Herbae Origani 10.0
Foliorum Farfarae
Radicis Althaeae aa 20.0
M. f. species
D.S. Pour 2 teaspoons of the mixture into a glass of boiling water,
leave for 20 minutes, strain. Prescribe 1/2 cup
2-4 times a day

Method of preparation and use
Brew the herb (50 g) with 10 liters of water (for baths and douches).

LITERATURE
Clement A.A., Fedorova Z. D., Volkova S.D. The use of oregano herb infusion in patients with hemophilia during tooth extraction. - Problem. hematol. 1978. No. 7, p. 25-28.

BLACK COHOH DAURIAN (COMICIFUGA DAURIAN)-
CIM1CIFUGA DAHURICA (TURC.) MAXIM.
FAMILY BUTTERUTCULATE - RANUNCULACEAE
Description. A perennial herbaceous plant with a slightly grooved stem, reaching a height of 100-150 cm. The underground part is a thick rhizome with numerous small roots. The leaves are petiolate, double- or triple-triple. The length of the petioles decreases as they approach the top of the stem. The lobes of compound leaves are either sessile or have their own small petiole, ovoid, pinnately divided with deeply serrated edges. The flowers are collected in a spreading racemose inflorescence. Blooms in July - August, bears fruit in August - September.
Far East, Primorsky and Khabarovsk territories, penetrating west to eastern Transbaikalia.
Organs used: rhizomes with roots.
Chemical composition. Little studied. The rhizomes with roots contain glycosides of unknown nature; resin, tannin, isoferulic and salicylic acids, phytosterol, saponins, coumarins.
Pharmacological properties. Plants of the genus black cohosh have been little studied experimentally. However, it is known that black cohosh tincture has sedative, hypotensive, analgesic and mild diuretic properties, and also enhances contractions of the uterine muscles.
Other species of the genus: black cohosh (N.K. Fruentov), stinking black cohosh (F.I. Ibragimov, V.S. Ibragimova), common black cohosh (G.E. Kurentsova) have the same properties as Daurian black cohosh. However, according to available data, black cohosh, in addition, enhances labor, has an antispasmodic and antitoxic effect against snake bites, and black cohosh, in addition, has an effect on the uterus.
A comparative experimental pharmacological study of these black cohosh species would provide greater clarity and identify the most promising species.
Application: with increased irritability of the nervous system, neurasthenia and hysteria, with hypertension, mainly in the initial stage, especially accompanied by headaches, insomnia, pain and discomfort in the heart area; for gynecological diseases with menstrual irregularities and bleeding; when increasing the secretion of bronchial and digestive glands, as well as to reduce the permeability of skin capillaries.
Black cohosh is used in the form of a tincture (1:5 in 70% alcohol) from rhizomes and roots. It is a transparent liquid of light brown color, with a bitter taste and a peculiar odor. It is prescribed orally 50-60 drops 3 times a day.

COMMON GRASS (life-giving herb) - SENECIO VULQAR1S L.
ASTER FAMILY (Asteraceae) -ASTERACEAE
Description. A one- to two-year-old herbaceous plant 15-30 cm high, with a straight, slightly branched stem. The leaves are alternate, notched-deep pinnately lobed, the lower ones oblong-lobed. The flower baskets are yellow, collected in a rather dense corymbose panicle. The fruit is an achene with a tuft. Blooms from late May to September, bears fruit in June.
Geographical distribution. Throughout the European part of the USSR, in the North Caucasus, Western Siberia, Central Asia.
Organs used: aerial part of the plant.
Chemical composition. The plant contains alkaloids in the N-oxide form, from which senecionine, seneciphylline, riddelline, etc. are isolated. From 54 to 61% carotene, ascorbic acid, etc. are found in the leaves.
Pharmacological properties. No data. Therapeutic effectiveness and indications for use have been established by the practice of traditional medicine.
Application. An infusion of common ragwort herb is used as a sedative for neurasthenia, hysteria, convulsive seizures, for spastic pain in the intestines (V.I. Zavrazhnov and others), for uterine bleeding (D.M. Rossiysky), extract and infusion after positive clinical trials recommended for various internal bleeding; common ragwort has a hypotensive and antispasmodic effect, it is prescribed for hysterical convulsions (A.N. Obukhov), however, as academician A.P. Nelyubin wrote, only juice is effective for convulsive conditions.
Infusion of common ragwort is also used for hysterical convulsions, menstrual irregularities, as an anthelmintic, and also for abdominal pain, if it is established that these pains are not caused by diseases requiring emergency surgical intervention (N.K. Fruentov).
In the past, the French Pharmacopoeia included the herb of common ragwort in the form of a decoction or ground with oil as a remedy for the treatment of hardened mammary glands, hemorrhoids, “blood abscesses” (hematomas?), and the juice was prescribed internally for worms, colitis and hysterical convulsions ( A.N.Obukhov).

A teaspoon of crushed ragwort herb is poured into 2 cups of boiling water, left for an hour and filtered. Prescribe 1 tablespoon 2-3 times a day.

GOSPEL ROMBOLIFOLIA- ADENOSTYLES RHOMBIFOLIA (ADAM) M. PIMEN
ASTER FAMILY (Asteraceae) - ASTERACEAE

Description. A perennial herbaceous plant 50-150 (250) cm high. The rhizome is long, creeping, grayish-brown, with transverse scars from fallen scale-like leaves, densely planted with cord-like adventitious roots with root lobes, grayish-brown inside, with a loose core or hollow.
The basal leaves are large, up to 30 cm long, with long petioles; stem - gradually decrease towards the top of the stem. The leaves are alternate, petiolate, unequally toothed, deeply notched at the base, often heart-shaped and arrow-shaped. Blooms in June - August, bears fruit in July - September.
Geographical distribution. Caucasus (Georgian SSR, North Caucasus), Azerbaijan and Armenian SSR. Grows at an altitude of 1200-2000 m above sea level.
Organs used: rhizomes with roots and aerial parts (grass) to obtain alkaloids.
Chemical composition. All plant organs contain alkaloids: leaves -0.49-3.5%, stems - 0.2-1.2%, rhizomes - 2.2-4.0%, buds - more than 5%, flowers - up to 3% . Among the plant alkaloids, the most important are: platiphylline (C18H27O5N) - an ester, during saponification it is split into amino alcohol, platinecin (C8H15O2N) and senecionic acid (C10H16O5); Platyphylline N-oxide (C18H27O6N); seneciphylline (C18H23O5N); neoplatiphylline (C18H27O5N). It is a diester of platinum cin and senecionic acid. Sarrazin (C18H25O5N). Basically, all alkaloids in the plant are in the N-oxide form.
Pharmacological properties. The alkaloids of ragwort rhombolifolia (flat-leaved) cause pharmacological effects characteristic of atropine. Platiphylline hydrotartrate is close to atropine in its effect on the peripheral cholinoreactive system, but is less active, however, at appropriate doses, its effect is not inferior to atropine. Platiphylline is more potent than atropine in inhibiting the cholinoreactive system of the autonomic ganglia and has a sedative effect on the central nervous system, especially on the vasomotor centers. It also has antispasmodic (papaverine-like) properties.
Application. The tartaric salt of the alkaloid platyphylline is widely used in medical practice, in particular, for angina pectoris, hypertension, bronchial asthma, as an antispasmodic for cerebral vascular spasms and as an analgesic (V.P. Makhlayuk), as well as for intestinal spasms, spastic constipation, peptic ulcer, hepatic and renal colic, cholecystitis, cerebral and peripheral circulatory disorders and as a short-term pupil dilator.
An extract or infusion of rhizomes with roots or an infusion of ragwort (flat-leaved) grass is used for internal (V.N. Voroshilov) and uterine (R.K. Aliev and others) bleeding.
An overdose of platyphylline causes dry mouth, dilated pupils, palpitations and other phenomena.
Contraindications for prescribing ragwort rhombolifolia preparations are: glaucoma, chronic circulatory disorders, organic diseases of the kidneys and liver, and the cardiovascular system.
Platyphylline hydrotartrate is injected under the skin in 1-2 ml of 0.2% solution to relieve pain from gastric ulcers and spasms; in ophthalmic practice, a 1% solution is used for diagnostic purposes and a 2% solution for therapeutic purposes. For course treatment (10-20 days), platyphylline is prescribed orally at 0.003-0.005 (3-5 mg) or 10-15 drops of a 0.5% solution 2-3 times a day.
Rp.: Tabul. Platyphyllini hydrotartratis 0.005 N
D.S. 1 tablet 2 times a day
Rp.: Sol. Platyphyllini hydrotartratis 0.2% 1.0
D.t.d. N 10 in ampull.
S. Subcutaneously 1 ml 2 times a day
Rp.: Sol. Platyphyllini hydrotartratis 0.5% 20.0
D.S. Orally 10 drops 2 times a day
Rp.: Platyphyllini hydrotartratis 0.003
Papaverini hydrochloride 0.03
Theobromini 0.25
D.t.d. N 10 in tab.
S. 2 tablets 2-3 times a day (for vasospasms)

Method of preparation and use The crushed herb of the plant (10 g) is poured with 100 ml of 70% alcohol and infused for 7 days. Prescribe 30-40 drops 3 times a day.

LARCH SPONGE (AGARICA, TINDICINAL TINDER, MEDICINAL TINDER)- FOMITOPSIS OFFICINALIS (VILL.) BOND. ET SING.
FAMILY Polyporeaceae (Polyporeaceae) - POLYPORACEAE

Method of preparation and use A tablespoon of crushed fresh raw materials is poured with 1.5 glasses of water and boiled for 20 minutes, then infused for 4 hours and filtered. Prescribed orally, a tablespoon 3 times a day.

PASSIFLORA INCARNATA (PASSIONFLOWER MEAT-RED)- PASSIFLORA INCARNATAE L.
FAMILY PASSIONATE - PASS1FLORACEAE

Description. A perennial herbaceous liana, in the subtropical conditions of the USSR reaching 3-5 m in length. Aboveground leafy as well as underground shoots develop from dormant rhizome buds.
It blooms and bears fruit from the first year of life. The fruits ripen in September.
Geographical distribution. The homeland of passionflower is Brazil. In the USSR it is successfully cultivated on the southern coast of Crimea and on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus (A.Sh. Badzhelidze and others).
Application. From dried raw materials, a tincture and liquid alcohol extract are obtained, which have a sedative effect on the central nervous system and also have anticonvulsant properties.
Liquid passionflower extract is prepared in alcohol. This is a liquid of dark brown or dark brown color, a peculiar aromatic odor and bitter taste. Prescribed for increased excitability, insomnia, drug addiction, chronic alcoholism, as well as for menopausal disorders, 20-30 drops 3 times a day. The course of treatment is 20-30 days.
Contraindications: angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis of cerebral and coronary vessels.
Rp.:Extr. Passiflorae fluid! 25 ml
D.S. 20-30 drops 2-3 times a day

LITERATURE
Badzhelidze A.Sh., Rabinovich I.M., Badzhelidze L.S. Passionflower incarnate. - In the book: Review information of the Ministry of Medical Industry (plant growing series). New medicinal cultures, 1979, No. 1, p. 30-32.

This group of plants in the experiment has an effect close to acetylcholine and carbacholine, associated with the excitation of the M- and H-cholinoreactive systems. Since the parasympathetic nervous system and sympathetic ganglia are simultaneously excited and adrenaline is released from the adrenal glands, the clinical picture is characterized mainly by vagal symptoms (Anichkov, Belenky, 1968).

Galega officinalis(Galega officinalis L.). It has an insulin-like effect, and therefore is popularly used as a tonic for diabetes mellitus. It has been established that the herb contains the alkaloid galegin, which has a number of cholinomimetic properties. When applied topically, it constricts the pupil, enhances milk secretion, reduces blood sugar, etc. However, this increases blood pressure and intestinal motility is inhibited (Volynsky et al., 1983). Another alkaloid, petanine, has an anticholinesterase effect, lowering blood pressure, increasing the tone of the intestines and uterus, causing muscle contraction and even cramps (Sadritdinov, Kurmukov, 1980).

In the total extracts of the plant, the effect of alkaloids is balanced, and vagal symptoms appear: diuretic, diaphoretic, hypotensive effect, improved heart function, increased glycogen content in the liver and heart, especially in galega eastern(Galega orientalis L.) (Damirov et al., 1982). Considering that the plant was consumed as food in the Caucasus in boiled form (Medvedev, 1957), and is relatively low-toxic, the study of its restorative properties is promising.

Stinging nettle(Utrica dioica L.), stinging nettle(Utrica urens L.). Plants are well known as a tonic and vitamin remedy. However, we would like to draw attention to the little-studied aspects of the action of nettle. It accumulates large amounts of acetylcholine, histamine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine (Hegnauer, 1973). Despite the fact that acetylcholine is destroyed in the intestine, biogenic amines can cause some vagal effects: increased tone of the intestines and uterus, diuretic, choleretic, lactogenic, hypoglycemic, sedative effect. Perhaps this partly explains the effectiveness of the plant for epilepsy, hysteria, and paralysis (Grossheim, 1942). Of course, phytoestrogens can also play a role in the general strengthening effect of the plant (Turova, 1967). In general, the cholinomimetic effect of nettle needs to be studied.

Common toadflax(Linaria vulgaris Mill.). It is used in folk medicine as a sedative, restorative, choleretic, diuretic, uterine, laxative (Skalozubov, 1913; Makhlayuk, 1967). The alkaloid peganine, which has an anticholinesterase, sedative effect, gives the plant the ability to increase the tone of the parasympathetic nervous system, which explains most clinical effects. Flavonoids in toadflax enhance cardiac activity, increase blood flow speed, and increase blood pressure. The drugs are recommended as sedatives (Choi Taesop, 1987).

Thus, the use of plants that have a calming effect and improve sleep is an important way to improve performance.