Who has the sharpest night vision? Which animals, fish and birds have the best vision Who has the sharpest vision in the world

Peregrine falcon assistant to hunters

The sharpest eyes in the world are found in representatives of the animal world, birds of prey. They are the ones who are able to see from a great height, while simultaneously tracking what is happening in front and to the side. According to experts, the most vigilant bird of prey is the peregrine falcon. He is able to spot game from a height of up to 8 kilometers. It is not for nothing that in the old days hunters took birds from the falcon family as assistants.

Real falcon

The peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) or “true falcon” is a large representative of the falcon family, widespread on all continents except Antarctica. It feeds mainly on small and medium-sized game birds, but does not disdain small mammals and insects. Peregrine falcons often hunt in pairs, diving after their prey one at a time. It is interesting to note that the peregrine falcon is not only the most vigilant, but also the fastest diving bird in the world. During an attack, its speed can reach 90 m/s (over 320 km/h).

Cause of acute vision

The reason for the falcon's acute vision is the special structure of the eyeballs. The lens of a bird of prey is surrounded by a special ring of bone plate, which allows it to quickly focus vision on objects located at a great distance. Special eye muscles compress the ring and, accordingly, change the curvature of the lens. This allows the falcon to instantly focus on game far below. In addition, in the eyes of birds of prey there are two “yellow spots” that are responsible for visual acuity. By the way, a person has only one such spot. The second yellow spot can magnify the object the bird is looking at, creating a binocular effect.

Since the peregrine falcon is capable of developing enormous speed, falling like a stone towards its prey, it is extremely important for it not to lose sight of it for a moment. The ability to see vigilantly at different distances, and therefore to quickly react to the movements of game and adjust its flight, is the main condition for the survival of a bird of prey.

Elena Ozerova, Samogo.Net

Man is the highest intelligent being on Earth, but some of our organs are significantly inferior to our smaller brothers, one of which is vision. At all times, people have been interested in how birds, animals, and insects see the world around them, because outwardly everyone’s eyes are so different, and today’s technologies allow us to look through their eyes, and believe me, the vision of animals is very interesting.

Animal eyes

The first thing everyone is interested in is - how do our closest friends see us?

Cats see perfectly in pitch darkness, as their pupil can expand up to 14 mm, thereby capturing the slightest light waves. In addition, they have a reflective membrane behind the retina, which acts as a mirror, collecting all the particles of light.

Due to this, a cat sees in the dark six times better than a human.

In dogs, the eye is structured in approximately the same way, but the pupil is unable to expand as much, thereby giving it a fourfold advantage over humans to see in the dark.

What about color vision? Until recently, people were sure that dogs see everything in shades of gray, not distinguishing a single color. Recent studies have proven this to be a mistake.

But you have to pay for the quality of night vision:

1. Dogs, like cats, are dichromats; they see the world in faded blue-violet and yellow-green colors.
2. Visual acuity is poor. In dogs it is about 4 times weaker than ours, and in cats it is 6 times weaker. Look at the Moon - do you see spots? Not a single cat in the world sees them; for her they are just a gray spot in the sky.

It is also worth noting the location of the eyes in animals and in us, due to which pets see with peripheral vision no worse than with central vision.

Another interesting fact is that dogs see 70 frames per second. When we watch TV, 25 frames per second for us merge into a single video stream, but for dogs it’s a quick series of pictures, which is probably why they don’t really like watching TV.

Except dogs and cats

A chameleon and a seahorse can look in different directions at the same time, each of its eyes is processed separately by the brain. Before throwing out its tongue and grabbing the victim, the chameleon still closes its eyes to determine the distance to the victim.

But an ordinary pigeon has a viewing angle of 340 degrees, which allows you to see almost everything around, which makes hunting difficult for cats.

A few dry facts:

• Deep-sea fish have a super-dense retina, with 25 million rods concentrated on every millimeter. This exceeds ours a hundred times;
• A falcon sees a mouse in a field from a distance of one and a half kilometers. Despite its flight speed, clarity is completely preserved;
• The scallop has about 100 eyes on the edge of its shell;
• The octopus has a square pupil.

The reptiles outdid everyone a bit. Pythons and boas are able to see infrared waves, that is, heat! In a sense, we also “see” it with our skin, but snakes see it with their eyes, like the predator in the film of the same name.

But the mantis shrimp have the most unsurpassed eyes. These are not even eyes, and an organ stuffed with wave sensors. Moreover, each eye actually consists of three - two hemispheres separated by a stripe. Visible light is perceived only by the middle zone, but the hemispheres are sensitive to ultraviolet and infrared ranges.

Shrimp sees 10 colors!

This does not take into account the fact that the shrimp has trinocular vision, in contrast to the most common on the planet (and in our country) binocular vision.

Insect eyes

Insects can also surprise us a lot:

• It is not so easy to kill an ordinary fly with a newspaper, since it sees 300 frames per second, which is 6 times faster than us. Hence the instant reaction;
• A domestic cockroach will see movement if the object has moved only 0.0002 millimeters. This is 250 times thinner than a hair!
• The spider has eight eyes, but in fact they are practically blind insects, capable of distinguishing only a spot; their eyes practically do not work;
• A bee's eye consists of 5,500 microscopic lenses that do not see red;
• The earthworm also has eyes, but atrophied ones. He can distinguish day from night, nothing more.

Dragonflies have the sharpest vision among insects, but it is still about 10 times worse than ours.

What kind of vision do animals have, visual video

It is with the help of vision that a person perceives most of the information from the surrounding world, therefore all facts related to the eyes are interesting to a person. Today there are a huge number of them.

Structure of the eye

Interesting facts about eyes begin with the fact that man is the only creature on the planet that has whites of eyes. The rest of the eyes are filled with cones and rods, as in some animals. These cells are found in the eye in the hundreds of millions and are light sensitive. Cones respond to changes in light and colors more than rods.

In all adults, the size of the eyeball is almost identical and is 24 mm in diameter, while a newborn child has an apple diameter of 18 mm and weighs almost three times less.

Interestingly, sometimes a person can see various floaters before the eyes, which are actually threads of protein.

The cornea of ​​the eye covers its entire visible surface and is the only part of the human body that is not supplied with oxygen from the blood.

The lens of the eye, which provides clear vision, constantly focuses on the surrounding environment at a speed of 50 objects per second. The eye moves with the help of only 6 eye muscles, which are the most active in the entire body.

Interesting facts about eyes include the fact that it is impossible to sneeze with your eyes open. Scientists explain this with two hypotheses - a reflex contraction of the facial muscles and protection of the eye from germs from the nasal mucosa.

Brain vision

Interesting facts about vision and eyes often have data about what a person actually sees with the brain, and not with the eye. This statement was scientifically established back in 1897, confirming that the human eye perceives surrounding information upside down. Passing through the optic nerve to the center of the nervous system, the picture turns over to its usual position in the cerebral cortex.

Features of the iris

These include the fact that each person's iris has 256 distinctive characteristics, while fingerprints differ in only forty. The probability of finding a person with the same iris is almost zero.

Color vision impairment

Most often, this pathology manifests itself as color blindness. Interestingly, at birth all children are colorblind, but with age, most return to normal. Most often, this disorder affects men who are unable to see certain colors.

Normally, a person should distinguish seven primary colors and up to 100 thousand of their shades. Unlike men, 2% of women suffer from a genetic mutation, which, on the contrary, expands the range of their color perception to hundreds of millions of shades.

Alternative medicine

Considering the interesting facts about it, iridology was born. It is an unconventional method for diagnosing diseases of the whole body using the study of the iris

Darkening the eye

Interestingly, pirates did not wear blindfolds to hide their injuries. They closed one eye so that it could quickly adapt to the poor lighting in the holds of the ship. By alternating one eye between dimly lit rooms and brightly lit decks, pirates could fight more effectively.

The first tinted glasses for both eyes appeared not to protect from bright light, but to hide the gaze from strangers. At first they were used only by Chinese judges, so as not to show others personal emotions about the cases under consideration.

Blue or brown?

The color of a person's eyes is determined by the amount of concentration of melanin pigment in the body.

It is located between the cornea and the lens of the eye and consists of two layers:

• front;
• rear

In medical terms they are defined as mesodermal and ectodermal, respectively. It is in the front layer that the coloring pigment is distributed, determining the color of a person’s eyes. Interesting facts about the eyes confirm that only melanin provides color to the iris, regardless of what color the eyes are. The shade changes only due to a change in the concentration of the dye.

At birth, almost all children have this pigment completely absent, which is why the eyes of newborns are blue. With age, they change their color, which is fully established only by the age of 12.

Interesting facts about human eyes also state that color can change depending on certain circumstances. Scientists have now established such a phenomenon as a chameleon. It is a change in eye color when exposed to cold for a long time or in bright light for a long time. Some people claim that the color of their eyes depends not only on the weather, but also on their personal mood.

The most interesting facts about the structure of the human eye contain evidence that in fact all people in the world are blue-eyed. The high concentration of pigment in the iris ensures the absorption of light rays of high and low frequencies, due to which their reflection leads to the appearance of brown or black eyes.

Eye color largely depends on geographic area. So in the northern regions the population with blue eyes predominates. Closer to the south there are a large number of brown-eyed people, and at the equator almost the entire population has a black iris.

More than half a century ago, scientists established an interesting fact - at birth we are all farsighted. Only by the age of six months does vision return to normal. Interesting facts about human eyes and vision also confirm that the eye is fully formed according to physiological parameters by the age of seven.

Vision can also affect the general condition of the body, so when the load on the eyes is excessive, general fatigue, headaches, fatigue and stress are observed.

Interestingly, the connection between the quality of vision and the carrot vitamin carotene has not been scientifically proven. In fact, this myth dates back to the war, when the British decided to hide the invention of aviation radar. They attributed the quick detection of enemy aircraft to the keen vision of their pilots, who were eating carrots.

To test your visual acuity yourself, you should look at the night sky. If you can see a small star near the middle star of the handle of the big dipper (Ursa Major), then everything is normal.

Different eyes

Most often, this disorder is genetic and does not affect overall health. Different eye colors are called heterochromia and can be complete or partial. In the first case, each eye is colored with its own color, and in the second, one iris is divided into two parts with different colors.

Negative factors

Cosmetics have the greatest impact on the quality of vision and eye health in general. Wearing tight clothes also has a negative effect, since it impedes blood circulation in all organs, including the eyes.

Interesting facts about the structure and functioning of the eye confirm that a child is not able to cry in the first month of life. More precisely, no tears are released at all.

The composition of tears has three components:

• water;
• slime;

If the proportions of these substances on the surface of the eye are not respected, dryness appears and the person begins to cry. If the flow is excessive, tears can directly enter the nasopharynx.

Statistical studies claim that every man cries on average 7 times per year, and every woman 47.

About blinking

Interestingly, the average person blinks once every 6 seconds, mostly as a reflex. This process provides the eye with sufficient hydration and timely cleansing of impurities. According to statistics, women blink twice as often as men.

Japanese researchers have found that the blinking process also acts as a reboot for concentration. It is at the moment of closing the eyelids that the activity of the attention neural network decreases, which is why blinking is most often observed after the completion of a certain action.

Reading

Interesting facts about the eyes did not miss such a process as reading. According to scientists, when reading quickly, the eyes become tired much less. At the same time, reading paper books is always a quarter faster than reading electronic media.

Misconceptions

Many people believe that smoking has no effect on eye health, but in fact, tobacco smoke leads to blockage of the retinal blood vessels and leads to the development of many diseases of the optic nerve. Smoking, both active and passive, can lead to clouding of the lens, chronic conjunctivitis, yellow spots on the retina, and blindness. Lycopene also becomes harmful when smoked.

In normal cases, this substance has a beneficial effect on the body, improving vision, slowing down the development of cataracts, age-related changes and protecting the eye from ultraviolet radiation.

Interesting facts about the eyes refute the idea that monitor radiation negatively affects vision. In fact, excessive strain on the eyes is caused by frequent focusing on small details.

Also, many believe in the need to deliver only by Caesarean if a woman has poor eyesight. In some cases, this is true, but for myopia, you can undergo a course of laser coagulation and prevent the risk of retinal rupture or detachment during childbirth. This procedure is carried out even at the 30th week of gestation and takes only a few minutes, without having any negative impact on the health of both mother and child. But be that as it may, try to regularly visit a specialist and have your vision checked.

If you say it's from a cat, you'd be wrong.

Humans can see well in the dark, but nocturnal animals like cats give us a hundred points ahead. But who has the most sensitive eyes?

The human eye is one of the most amazing achievements of evolution. He is able to see small specks of dust and huge mountains, near and far, in full color. Working in tandem with a powerful processor in the form of the brain, the eyes allow a person to distinguish movement and recognize people by their faces.

One of the most impressive features of our eyes is so well developed that we don't even notice it. When we enter a dimly lit room from bright light, the level of illumination in the surrounding environment drops sharply, but the eyes adapt to this almost instantly. As a result of evolution, we have adapted to see in poor light.

But on our planet there are living beings who see in the dark much better than humans. Try reading a newspaper in the deep twilight: the black letters merge with the white background into a blurry gray spot in which you can’t understand anything. But a cat in a similar situation would not experience any problems - of course, if she could read.

But even cats, despite their habit of hunting at night, see in the dark no better than anyone else. Creatures with the sharpest night vision have evolved unique visual organs that allow them to capture literally grains of light. Some of these creatures are able to see in conditions where, from the point of view of our understanding of physics, nothing can be seen in principle.

To compare night vision acuity, we will use lux, a unit that measures the amount of light per square meter. The human eye works well in bright sunlight, where illumination can exceed 10 thousand lux. But we can see at just one lux—that’s about how much light there is on a dark night.

Domestic cat ( Felis catus): 0.125 lux

Photo from www.listofimages.com

To see, cats need eight times less light than humans. Their eyes are generally similar to ours, but they have several features that allow them to work well in the dark.

Cat eyes, like human eyes, are made up of three main components: the pupil, the hole through which light enters; lens - focusing lens; and the retina, the sensitive screen onto which the image is projected.

In humans, the pupils are round, but in cats they have the shape of an elongated vertical ellipse. During the day they narrow into slits, and at night they open to their maximum width. The human pupil can also change size, but not within such a wide range.

Cats' lenses are larger than those of humans and are able to collect more light. And behind the retina they have a reflective layer called the tapetum lucidum, also known simply as the “mirror.” Thanks to it, cats' eyes glow in the dark: light passes through the retina and is reflected back. This way, light hits the retina twice, giving the receptors an extra chance to absorb it.

The composition of the retina itself in cats is also different from ours. There are two types of light-sensitive cells: cones, which detect colors but only work in good light; and rods - which do not perceive color, but work in the dark. Humans have many cones, which give us rich, full-color vision, but cats have many more rods: 25 per cone (in humans, this ratio is one to four).

Cats have 350 thousand rods per square millimeter of retina, while humans have only 80-150 thousand. In addition, each neuron leaving the cat's retina transmits signals from about one and a half thousand rods. The weak signal is thus amplified and transformed into a detailed image.

There is a downside to such acute night vision: during the daytime, cats see about the same as people with red-green color blindness. They can distinguish blue from other colors, but cannot tell the difference between red, brown and green.

Tarsier ( Tarsiidae): 0.001 lux

Photo from www.bohol.ph

Tarsiers are tree-dwelling primates found in Southeast Asia. Relative to the rest of their body proportions, they appear to have the largest eyes of any mammal. The body of the tarsier, excluding the tail, usually reaches a length of 9-16 centimeters. The eyes have a diameter of 1.5-1.8 centimeters and occupy almost the entire intracranial space.

Tarsiers feed mainly on insects. They hunt early in the morning and late in the evening, under illumination of 0.001-0.01 lux. Moving along the treetops, they must look out for small, well-camouflaged prey in almost complete darkness and at the same time not fall, jumping from branch to branch.

They are helped in this by their eyes, which are generally similar to human eyes. The giant tarsier's eye lets in a lot of light, and the amount of light is regulated by the strong muscles surrounding the pupil. The large lens focuses the image on the retina, strewn with rods: the tarsier has more than 300 thousand of them per square millimeter, like a cat.

These large eyes have a disadvantage: tarsiers are unable to move them. As compensation, nature endowed them with necks that rotate 180 degrees.

Dung-beetle ( Onitis sp.): 0.001-0.0001 lux

Photo from www.bbc.co.uk

Where there is dung, there are usually dung beetles. They choose the freshest pile of manure and begin to live in it, rolling balls of manure as a reserve or digging tunnels under the pile to make a storage room for themselves. Dung beetles of the genus Onitis fly out in search of dung at different times of the day.

Their eyes are very different from human eyes. The eyes of insects are faceted, they consist of many structural elements - ommatidia.

In beetles that fly during the day, ommatidia are enclosed in pigment shells that absorb excess light so that the sun does not blind the insect. The same membrane separates each ommatidium from its neighbors. However, in the eyes of beetles that are nocturnal, these pigment membranes are absent. Therefore, light collected by many ommatidia can be transmitted to just one receptor, which significantly increases its photosensitivity.

Genus Onitis combines several different species of dung beetles. The eyes of diurnal species have insulating pigment membranes, the eyes of evening beetles sum up signals from ommatidia, and nocturnal species sum up signals from a number of receptors twice as large as those of evening beetles. Eyes of a nocturnal species Onitis aygulus, for example, 85 times more sensitive than daylight eyes Onitis belial.

Halictid bees ( Megalopta genalis): 0.00063 lux

Photo from www.bbc.co.uk

But the rule described above does not always apply. Some insects can see in very low light, despite the fact that their visual organs are clearly adapted for daylight.

Eric Warrent and Elmut Kelber from Lund University in Sweden found that some bees have pigment membranes in their eyes that insulate the ommatidia from each other, but they are nevertheless perfectly able to fly and search for food in the dark at night. For example, in 2004, two scientists demonstrated that halictid bees are able to navigate under illumination 20 times less intense than starlight.

But the eyes of the halictid bee are designed to see well in daylight, and during the course of evolution, bees had to adapt their visual organs somewhat. After the retina has absorbed light, this information is transmitted to the brain through nerves. At this stage, the signals can be summed to increase the brightness of the image.

These bees have special neurons that connect ommatidia into groups. In this way, signals coming from all the ommatidia in the group are fused together before being sent to the brain. The image is less sharp, but significantly brighter.

Carpenter Bee ( Xylocopa tranquebarica): 0.000063 lux

Photo from www.bbc.co.uk

Carpenter bees, found in the mountains called the Western Ghats in southern India, see even better in the dark. They can fly even on moonless nights. “They can fly in starlight, cloudy nights and strong winds,” says Hema Somanathan from the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research in Thiruvananthapuram.

Somanathan discovered that carpenter bee ommatidia have unusually large lenses, and the eyes themselves are quite large in proportion to other parts of the body. All this helps to capture more light.

However, this is not enough to explain such excellent night vision. Perhaps carpenter bees also have ommatidia in groups, like their counterparts Megalopta genalis.

Carpenter bees don't just fly at night. “I have seen them fly around during the day when their nests are being destroyed by predators,” says Somanathan. “If you blind them with a flash of light, they simply fall, their vision is not able to process a large amount of light. But then they come to their senses and take off again.”

Of all fauna, carpenter bees seem to have the most acute night vision. But in 2014, another contender for the championship title appeared.

American cockroach ( Periplaneta americana): less than one photon per second

On the screensaver there is a photo from the website www.activepestsolutionsltd.co.uk

It is not possible to directly compare cockroaches with other living creatures because their visual acuity is measured differently. However, their eyes are known to be unusually sensitive.

In a series of experiments reported in 2014, Matti Väckström of the University of Oulu in Finland and his colleagues examined how individual light-sensitive cells in cockroach ommatidia responded to very low light levels. They inserted the thinnest electrodes made of glass into these cells.

Light consists of photons—massless elementary particles. The human eye needs at least 100 photons to hit it to sense anything. However, the receptors in the cockroach's eyes responded to movement even if each cell received only one photon of light every 10 seconds.

A cockroach has 16-28 thousand green-sensitive receptors in each eye. According to Weckström, in dark conditions, signals from hundreds or even thousands of these cells are summed up (recall that in a cat up to 1500 optic rods can work together). The effect of this summation, according to Weckström, is “enormous,” and it seems that it has no analogues in living nature.

“Cockroaches are impressive. Less photon per second! says Kelber. “This is the sharpest night vision.”

But bees can outdo them in at least one respect: American cockroaches don't fly in the dark. “Control of flight is much more difficult - the insect moves quickly, and collision with obstacles is dangerous,” comments Kelber. “In this sense, carpenter bees are the most amazing. They are able to fly and forage on moonless nights and still see colors.”

We all know how important our eyes are. We receive most of our information, experiences and memories through our eyes. And, of course, we can enjoy the exceptional creations of nature that surround us. Some animals also have incredible or even more amazing eyes than humans. Here are the Top 10 Most Amazing Eyes in the Animal Kingdom.

The frog's large eyes are remarkable from several angles. First of all, this amphibian spends a decent amount of time in the water. To swim in water filled with debris, frogs have three eyelids - two transparent and one translucent eyelid. This translucent membrane can close completely to allow the frog to protect its eyes underwater.

The position of the frog's eyes also gives it a better field of vision. The eyes are located on the sides of the head to provide a full 360 degree view. Frogs can even see what is happening outside when they are submerged in water.

is a small primate found in the forests of Southeast Asia. Its most striking feature is its large eyes, which have a diameter of up to 1.6 cm. Compared to body size, these are the largest eyes of any mammal in the world. Just like an owl, the tarsier's eyes cannot move. Because they are fixed in the skull.

Instead, tarsiers can move their heads 180 degrees left and right. This helps them to know what is going on around them. They are nocturnal animals that only become active at night. But their large eyes give them excellent night vision. In addition, they have a keen sense of hearing. Both of these qualities help tarsiers detect prey in low light conditions.

The hammerhead shark has one of the strangest but most interesting heads - in the form of a flattened hammer with wide-set eyes. But research has shown that this strange head has a good purpose. It provides the hammerhead shark with much better vision than other shark species. More precisely, such widely spaced eyes give them excellent vision and exceptional depth perception.

The cuttlefish is an incredible sea creature that can instantly change its color. This allows cuttlefish to quickly hide from predators by blending into their environment. This remarkable power of cuttlefish comes from the help of specialized skin cells and their incredible vision. They have strange "w" shaped pupils that give them a wider range of vision. Interestingly, they can even see what is behind them.

In addition, they can detect polarized light with incredible accuracy. Even the slightest change in the angle of polarized light. This gives cuttlefish a clear idea of ​​what exactly is going on around them.

Do the rectangular pupils of a goat seem strange to you? But at the same time, they provide impressive vision. For a grazing animal like a goat, this is the most sought after power.

Because having good eyesight, a goat has a better chance of escaping from a predator. Her rectangular pupils provide detailed panoramic vision. This helps the goat detect danger from a distance. In addition, effective eye rotation also helps detect strange movements in the field, even while grazing. Thus, they have enough time to escape from the predatory animal.

There are 1,500 different species of geckos living in warm climate regions of the world. Most of them are nocturnal animals. To adapt to this lifestyle, they have impressive eyesight. To be precise, their eyes are 350 times more sensitive than human vision and color vision threshold. Geckos can even see colors in low light with amazing quality. This is a rare force in the animal kingdom.

One of the amazing things about dragonflies is their large globular eyes. Each dragonfly eye is made of 30,000 facets and is located in different directions. The result is incredible 360-degree vision. This allows them to detect even the slightest movement in their surroundings.

Dragonflies can also detect ultraviolet and polarized light, which are outside our visual spectrum. All these qualities play a huge role in dragonfly navigation.

Owls have very interesting, large front eyes. This eye positioning provides a great advantage for owls - incredible binocular vision, or the ability to see an object with both eyes with greater depth perception. Even animals and birds whose eyes are on the sides of their heads do not have such excellent vision.

Surprisingly, instead of eyeballs, the owl's eyes are shaped like tubes. Also, their eyes cannot rotate like ours. But they can move their head 270 degrees in left and right directions. This gives owls a much broader vision. To adapt to a nocturnal lifestyle, owls also have excellent night vision, which brings in millions of light-sensitive retinal rods.

Chameleons are so famous for their ability to change colors. But their visual system is just as amazing as their ability to change color. These reptiles can move their eyes independently of each other. That is, they can focus on two different objects in two different directions at the same time. This incredible power of the chameleon's eyes provides excellent 360-degree vision. Chameleons can also focus on objects with incredible speed.

The mantis crab has the most fantastic visual system in the animal kingdom. We humans have three color receptors. But this unusual crustacean has 12 different color receptors. These mantis crabs see so many colors that we can't even comprehend.

Beautiful eyes can also turn independently of each other in different directions at the same time. The eye rotation capacity is measured up to 70 degrees. This provides a broader view of this little creature. Additionally, the mantis crab, like other animals with exceptional vision, can detect infrared, ultraviolet, and polarized light.

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