Social institutions for the elderly. Stationary institutions of social protection for the elderly and the disabled. Social advisory type of assistance

The system of social services for elderly citizens and disabled people of the Russian Federation is a multicomponent structure that includes social institutions and their divisions (services) that provide services to older people. Currently, it is customary to single out such forms of social services as stationary, semi-stationary, non-stationary social services and urgent social assistance.

For many years, the system of social services for the elderly was represented only by stationary social service institutions. It included boarding houses for the elderly and disabled of a general type and partially psycho-neurological boarding schools. In neuropsychiatric boarding schools, both disabled people of working age with appropriate pathologies and older people who need specialized psychiatric or neuropsychiatric care live. State statistical reporting on psycho-neurological boarding schools (form No. 3-social security) does not provide for the allocation of the number of people older than working age as part of their contingent. According to various estimates and research results, it can be judged that among those living in such institutions, there are up to 40~50% of elderly people with mental disorders.

From the late 80's - early 90's. of the last century, when in the country, against the background of the progressive aging of the population, the socio-economic situation of a significant part of citizens, including the elderly, sharply worsened, there was an urgent need for the transition from the old social security system to a new one - system of social protection of the population.

The experience of foreign countries testified to the legitimacy of using, in order to ensure the full social functioning of the aging population, a system of non-stationary social services that are close to the permanent location of social networks familiar to older people and effectively contribute to the activity and healthy longevity of the older generation.

A favorable foundation for the implementation of such an approach are the UN Principles adopted for older people - “Make life fuller for the elderly” (1991), as well as the recommendations of the Madrid International Plan of Action on Aging (2002). The age above working age (older years, old age) is beginning to be considered by the world community as the third age (after childhood and maturity), which has its own merits. Older people can productively adapt to a change in their social status, and society is obliged to create the necessary conditions for this.

According to social gerontologists, one of the main factors for the successful social adaptation of older people is the preservation of their need for social activity, in developing a course of positive old age.

In solving the problem of creating conditions for the realization of the personal potential of older Russians, an important role is given to the development of the infrastructure of non-stationary social service institutions, which, along with the provision of medical, social, psychological, economic and other assistance, should provide support for leisure and other feasible socially oriented activities of older citizens. promote educational and educational work in their environment.

The formation of structures providing urgent social assistance and serving the elderly at home was promptly launched. Gradually, they were transformed into independent institutions - social service centers. Initially, the centers were created as social services providing home services, but social practice has put forward new tasks and prompted appropriate forms of work. Semi-stationary social services began to be provided by day care departments, temporary residence departments, social rehabilitation departments and other structural units opened at social service centers.

The complexity of social services, the use of technologies and approaches that are necessary for a particular elderly person and are available in the existing social conditions, have become characteristic features of the emerging system of social services for older people. All new services and their structural subdivisions were created as close as possible (in organizational and territorial terms) to the elderly. Unlike the former stationary services, which are under the jurisdiction of regional social protection bodies, social service centers have both regional and municipal affiliation.

At the same time, the system of stationary social services was also undergoing transformations: the tasks of providing medical care and care were supplemented by the functions of maintaining the social inclusion of older people, their active, active life style; gerontological (gerontopsychiatric) centers, boarding houses of mercy for the elderly and disabled who need high-level social and medical care, palliative care began to be created.

By the forces of local communities, as well as enterprises, organizations and individuals, stationary social institutions of small capacity are being created - mini-boarding schools (mini-boarding houses), in which up to 50 elderly citizens from among local residents or former employees of this organization live. Some of these institutions work in a semi-stationary mode - they receive older people mainly for the winter period, and in the warm season, residents return home to their household plots.

In the 1990s in the system of social protection of the population, institutions of a sanatorium-resort type appeared - social and health (social rehabilitation) centers, which were created primarily for economic reasons (spa vouchers and travel to the place of treatment are quite expensive). These institutions accept senior citizens in the direction of the social protection authorities for social and medical services, the courses of which are designed for

24-30 days. In a number of regions, such forms of work as “home-based sanatorium” and “outpatient-polyclinic sanatorium” are carried out, which provide for drug treatment, necessary procedures, delivery of food to the elderly, veterans and disabled people at their place of residence or the provision of these services in a polyclinic or in social service center.

At present, the system of social protection of the population also has special homes for lonely elderly citizens, social canteens, social shops, social pharmacies and Social Taxi services.

Stationary institutions of social service for the elderly and disabled. The network of stationary social service institutions in Russia is represented by over 1,400 institutions, the vast majority of which (1,222) serve the elderly, including 685 nursing homes for the elderly and disabled (of a general type), including 40 special institutions for the elderly and disabled who returned from places of punishment; 442 psycho-neurological boarding schools; 71 boarding houses of mercy for the elderly and disabled; 24 gerontological (gerontopsychiatric) centers.

For ten years (since 2000) the number of stationary institutions of social service for the elderly and disabled has increased 1.3 times.

In general, there are more women (50.8%) among the elderly living in stationary social service institutions than men. Noticeably more women live in geriatric centers (57.2%) and in houses of mercy (66.5%). In psycho-neurological boarding schools, the share of women (40.7%) is much smaller. Apparently, women are relatively easier to cope with social and everyday problems against the background of a serious deterioration in health in old age and retain the ability to self-service for a longer time.

A third of the residents (33.9%) are on permanent bed rest in stationary social service institutions. Since the life expectancy of older people in such institutions exceeds the average for this age category, many of them stay in a similar condition for several years, which worsens their quality of life and poses difficult tasks for the staff of residential care homes.

At present, the legislation enshrines the right of every elderly person in need of constant care to receive stationary social services. At the same time, there are no standards for the creation of boarding schools in certain areas. Institutions are located throughout the country and in individual subjects of the Russian Federation rather unevenly.

The dynamics of development of both the network of stationary social service institutions and their main types did not allow to fully satisfy the need of older citizens for stationary social services, to eliminate the queue for placement in boarding schools, which in general has increased almost 2 times over 10 years.

Thus, despite the increase in the number of stationary social service institutions and the number of people living in them, the scale of the need for relevant services is growing at a faster pace and the volume of unsatisfied demand has increased.

As positive aspects of the dynamics of development of stationary social service institutions, one should point out the improvement in living conditions in them by reducing the average number of inhabitants and increasing the area of ​​bedrooms per bed almost to sanitary standards. There has been a tendency to disaggregate the existing stationary social service institutions, to increase the comfort of living in them. In many ways, the noted dynamics is due to the expansion of the network of boarding houses of small capacity.

During the last decade, specialized social service institutions have developed - gerontological centers and boarding houses of mercy for the elderly and disabled. They develop and test technologies and methods that correspond to the modern level of providing social services to the elderly and disabled. However, the pace of development of such institutions does not fully meet the objective social needs.

There are practically no gerontological centers in most regions of the country, which is mainly due to the existing contradictions in the legal and methodological support for the activities of these institutions. Until 2003, the Ministry of Labor of Russia recognized only institutions with permanent residences as gerontological centers. At the same time, the Federal Law “On the Fundamentals of Social Services for the Population in the Russian Federation” (Article 17) does not include gerontological centers in the nomenclature of stationary social service institutions (subclause 12 clause 1) and singles them out as an independent type of social service (subclause 13 item 1). In reality, various gerontological centers with differentiated types and forms of social services exist and successfully operate.

For example, Krasnoyarsk Regional Gerontological Center “Uyut”, created on the basis of a sanatorium-preventorium, provides veterans with rehabilitation and health-improving services, using the form of a semi-permanent service.

A similar approach is practiced along with scientific, organizational and methodological activities and Novosibirsk Regional Gerontological Center.

The functions of the houses of mercy were largely taken over by Gerontological center "Ekaterinodar"(Krasnodar) and gerontological center in Surgut Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug.

Practice shows that gerontological centers perform the tasks of care, provision of medical services and palliative care to a greater extent, which are rather characteristic of mercy houses. In the current situation, persons on bed rest and in need of constant care make up almost half of all residents in geriatric centers, and over 30% in nursing homes specially designed to serve such a contingent.

Part of gerontological centers, for example gerontological center "Peredelkino"(Moscow), Gerontological Center "Vyshenki"(Smolensk region), Gerontological Center “Sputnik”(Kurgan region), perform a number of functions that are not fully implemented by medical institutions, thereby satisfying the existing needs of older people in medical care. However, in this case, their own functions and tasks of gerontological centers, for which they are created, may fade into the background.

An analysis of the activities of gerontological centers allows us to conclude that it should be dominated by scientifically applied and methodological orientation. Such institutions are designed to contribute to the formation and implementation of evidence-based regional social policy in relation to the elderly and disabled. There is no need to open many geriatric centers. It is enough to have one such institution, which is under the jurisdiction of the regional body of social protection of the population, in each subject of the Russian Federation. The provision of current social services, including care, should be carried out by boarding houses of a general type specially designed for this purpose, psycho-neurological boarding schools and houses of mercy.

So far, without serious methodological support from the federal center, the heads of territorial bodies of social protection of the population are in no hurry to create specialized institutions, preferring, if necessary, to open gerontological (more often gerontopsychiatric) departments and mercy departments in already existing stationary social service institutions.

Non-stationary and semi-stationary forms of social service for the elderly and disabled. The vast majority of elderly and disabled people prefer to receive and receive social services in the form of non-stationary (home-based) and semi-stationary social services, as well as urgent social assistance. The number of elderly people served outside of stationary institutions is over 13 million people (about 45% of the entire elderly population of the country). The number of older citizens living at home and receiving various types of services from social gerontological services exceeds the number of elderly residents of stationary social service institutions by almost 90 times.

The main type of non-stationary social protection services of the municipal sector are social service centers implementing non-stationary, semi-stationary forms of social services for elderly and disabled citizens and urgent social assistance.

From 1995 to the present, the number of social service centers has increased almost 20 times. In modern conditions, relatively low growth rates of the network of social service centers are noted (less than 5% per year). The main reason is that the municipalities lack the necessary financial and material resources. To a certain extent, for the same reason, existing social service centers began to be transformed into integrated social service centers for the population, providing a range of social services to all categories of low-income and socially vulnerable citizens.

In itself, the reduction in the number of social service centers is not necessarily a worrying phenomenon. Perhaps the institutions were opened without proper justification, and the population of the respective regions does not need their services. Perhaps the absence of centers or a reduction in their number when there is a need for their services is due to subjective reasons (the use of a social service model that differs from the generally accepted one, or the lack of necessary financial resources).

There are no calculations of the need of the population for the services of social service centers, there are only guidelines: in each municipality there must be at least one social service center for the elderly and disabled (or an integrated center for social services for the population).

Accelerating the development of centers is possible only with a high interest of state structures and appropriate financial support from municipalities, which today seems unrealistic. But it is possible to change the benchmarks in determining the need for social service centers from the municipality to the number of elderly and disabled people in need of social services.

Home-based form of social service. This form, preferred by older people, is the most effective in terms of the “resources-results” ratio. Home-based social services for the elderly and disabled are implemented through social services at home And specialized departments of social and medical care at home, which are most often structural subdivisions of social service centers. Where there are no such centers, the departments function as part of the bodies of social protection of the population and less often - in the structure of stationary social service institutions.

Specialized departments of socio-medical care at home are developing quite rapidly, providing differentiated medical and other services. The share of people served by these departments in the total number of people served by all departments of home care for the elderly and disabled since the 90s. more than quadrupled in the last century.

Despite the significant development of the network of the departments under consideration, the number of elderly and disabled people who are registered and waiting in line for admission to home care is slowly declining.

A serious problem of social services at home remains the organization of the provision of social and socio-medical services to older people living in rural areas, especially in remote and sparsely populated villages. In the country as a whole, the share of clients of social service departments in rural areas is less than half, clients of social and medical services - a little more than a third. These indicators correspond to the settlement structure (the ratio of urban and rural population) of the Russian Federation, there is even some excess in services provided to the rural population. At the same time, services for the rural population are difficult to organize, they are the most labor-intensive. Social service institutions in rural areas have to provide hard work - digging gardens, delivering fuel.

Against the background of the widespread closure of rural medical institutions, the situation with the organization of home-based social and medical care for elderly villagers seems to be the most alarming. A number of traditionally agricultural territories (Republic of Adygea, Udmurt Republic, Belgorod, Volgograd, Kaluga, Kostroma, Lipetsk regions), in the presence of departments of social and medical services, do not provide rural residents with this type of service.

Semi-stationary form of social service. This form is presented in social service centers by day care departments, temporary residence departments and social rehabilitation departments. At the same time, not all social service centers have these structural units.

In the mid 90s. of the last century, the network developed rapidly departments of temporary residence, because in the presence of a long queue to state stationary social service institutions, there was an urgent need to find an alternative option.

Over the past five years, the growth rate in the number daycare departments decreased markedly.

Against the backdrop of a decline in the development of day care departments and temporary residence departments, the activity of social rehabilitation departments. Although their growth rates are not very high, the number of clients served by them is growing quite significantly (double over the past ten years).

The average capacity of the departments under consideration practically did not change and averaged over the year for day care departments - 27 places, for temporary residence departments - 21 places, for social rehabilitation departments - 17 places.

Urgent social assistance. The most massive form of social support for the population in modern conditions is emergency social service. The relevant departments function mainly in the structure of social service centers, there are such units (services) in the bodies of social protection of the population. It is difficult to obtain exact information on the organizational basis on which this type of assistance is provided, as separate statistical data do not exist.

According to operational data (no official statistics) received from a number of regions, up to 93% of recipients of urgent social assistance are elderly and disabled.

Social health centers. Every year, more and more prominent place in the structure of gerontological service is occupied by social and health centers. Most often, former sanatoriums, rest houses, boarding houses and pioneer camps become the base for them, which, for various reasons, are re-profiling the direction of their activities.

There are 60 social and health centers in the country.

The undisputed leaders in the development of a network of social and health centers are the Krasnodar Territory (9), the Moscow Region (7) and the Republic of Tatarstan (4). In many regions, such centers have not yet been established. Basically, such institutions are concentrated in the Southern (19), Central and Volga (14 each) federal districts. There is not a single social and health center in the Far Eastern Federal District.

Social assistance to elderly people without a fixed place of residence. According to operational data from the regions, up to 30% of older people are registered among people without a fixed place of residence and occupation. In this regard, institutions of social assistance to this group of the population, to some extent, also deal with gerontological problems.

Currently, there are more than 100 institutions for people without a fixed place of residence and employment in the country with more than 6 thousand beds. The number of people served by institutions of these types is increasing quite noticeably from year to year.

The social services provided to the elderly and disabled in such institutions are comprehensive - it is not enough to simply provide care, social services, treatment and social and medical services. Sometimes elderly people and disabled people with severe neuropsychiatric pathology do not remember their name, place of origin. It is necessary to restore the social and often legal status of clients, many of whom have lost their documents, do not have permanent housing and therefore have nowhere to send them. Persons of retirement age, as a rule, are registered for permanent residence in boarding houses or psycho-neurological boarding schools. Some elderly citizens of this group are capable of social rehabilitation, restore their work skills or acquire new skills. Such people are assisted in obtaining housing and employment.

Special houses for lonely elderly people. Lonely older people can be helped through system of special houses, whose organizational and legal status remains controversial. State statistical reporting considers special houses together with non-stationary and semi-stationary structures. At the same time, they are more likely not institutions, but a type of housing in which only elderly people live under agreed conditions. At special houses, social services can be created and even branches (departments) of social service centers can be located.

The number of people living in special residential buildings, despite the unstable development of their network, is slowly but steadily growing.

The majority of special homes for single elderly citizens are low-capacity homes (less than 25 residents). Most of them are located in rural areas, only 193 special houses (26.8%) are located in urban areas.

Small special houses do not have social services, but their residents, as well as elderly citizens living in other types of houses, can receive services from social and socio-medical services at home.

So far, not all subjects of the Russian Federation have special houses. Their absence to some extent, although not in all regions, is compensated by the allocation of social apartments, the number of which is over 4 thousand, more than 5 thousand people live in them. More than a third of people living in social apartments receive social and socio-medical services at home.

Other forms of social assistance to the elderly. The activities of the social service system for older citizens and the disabled, with certain reservations, include providing older people with free meals and basic necessities at affordable prices.

Share social canteens in the total number of public catering enterprises engaged in the organization of free meals, is 19.6%. They serve about half a million people.

In the system of social protection of the population, a network is successfully developing social shops and departments. More than 800 thousand people are attached to them, which is almost one third of the people served by all specialized stores and departments (sections).

The majority of social canteens and social shops are included in the structure of social service centers or integrated social service centers for the population. The rest are under the jurisdiction of social protection authorities or social support funds.

The statistical indicators of the activities of these structures are characterized by a significant scatter, and for some regions - the incorrectness of the information provided.

Despite the growth in the number of citizens living in stationary institutions and served at home, the need for older people in social services is increasing.

The development of the system of social services for the population in all its diversity of organizational forms and types of services provided reflects the desire to meet the various needs of older citizens and disabled people in need of care. Full satisfaction of justified social needs is hindered primarily by the lack of resources in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and municipalities. In addition, a number of subjective reasons should be indicated (methodological and organizational underdevelopment of some types of social services, the absence of a consistent ideology, a unified approach to the implementation of social services).

• Tomilin M.A. Place and role of social services in modern conditions as one of the most important components of social protection of the population // Social services for the population. 2010. No. 12.S. 8-9.

From this article you will learn:

What are the principles of social service for the elderly

What are the conditions for social services for the elderly

What forms of social services are provided for the elderly

What are the institutions of social service for the elderly

Social services for the elderly is a whole group of services designed for the elderly on the basis of specialized institutions or at home. The list includes rehabilitation in society, assistance in economic affairs and in the psychological sphere.

Principles of social service for the elderly

The activities of social service institutions are based on such important provisions as:

the need for strict observance of the freedoms and rights of the wards;

continuity between social organizations involved in the provision of special services to the elderly;

obligatory consideration of the needs and wishes of each, without exception, an elderly person;

strict observance of the guarantees provided by the state;

equalization of opportunities for all applicants for social services;

paying special attention to the adaptation of the elderly contingent in society.

On the basis of state guarantees, social services are provided to relevant groups of people. They must be provided regardless of nationality, race, religion, financial status, gender or other characteristics.

What are the conditions for social services for the elderly

Social services are considered necessary for persons in whose life there are circumstances that sharply worsen its quality:

the inability to carry out the simplest actions around the house, serve oneself, independently change the position of the body and move around due to serious illness or traumatic injuries;

the presence in the family of a person with a disability group who needs daily care and concern;

the presence in the family of children who have difficulty adapting to society;

the impossibility of daily supervision and care and the lack of care for the disabled and children;

conflict within the family due to violence or with people who suffer from severe mental illness, have alcohol or drug addiction;

the absence of a permanent place of residence for a person, including for those who have not yet reached the age of 23 and have already completed their stay in homes for orphans;

a person's lack of a place of work and financial resources for existence.

But the presence in the life of one or more of the above circumstances only confirms the difficult situation in the life of this person, but does not guarantee the receipt of gratuitous social services. It is also worth noting that due to the introduction of fees for social services for the elderly and disabled, the meaning of the concept of "social services" has become very controversial. And all because this activity has lost touch with the traditional meaning of the concept of social assistance.

How is the organization of social services for the elderly

Citizens of the elderly age group require care and concern from strangers constantly or for some period of time due to the inability to independently change the position of the body, move around and satisfy vital needs. This social group has the right to social services. Its provision is possible at the state, local and non-state levels. The implementation of this activity takes place in accordance with the decision of the social security authorities in subordinate organizations or in accordance with the concluded agreement between these bodies and non-departmental institutions.

People who, for various reasons and circumstances, require social services, have rights to:

Polite and delicate attitude of social workers to the wards.

Independent choice of an institution and type of service in a certain order. It is established by social security authorities at the federal and local levels.

Familiarization with the information material about your rights, as well as the conditions for obtaining service.

Refusal to provide these services.

Maintaining the confidentiality of personal information that the social worker may learn in the course of his work.

Protection of rights, if necessary, it can be carried out in the course of a trial.

Access to information material about the existing types and types of social services, the reasons for which it is provided, and the conditions for making payment for it.

Social services for the elderly and the disabled are based on the wishes of the person and are either permanent or short-term.

At the legislative level, five types of services for the elderly and citizens with disabilities:

1. Semi-stationary, with accommodation of people on the basis of day or night branches of specialized organizations.

   Stationary character on the basis of specialized institutions. These can be various boarding houses, sanatoriums, boarding schools, etc.

   Urgent nature.

   advisory nature.

The first type of social service can be considered the provision of services at home. It is focused on the maximum possible time for people to stay in a familiar and comfortable environment for them, in order to maintain their status in society.

The list of services performed at home includes:

supply of necessary products and ready-made hot meals;

maintaining the cleanliness of housing, in accordance with sanitary standards;

delivery of necessary medicines and household goods;

accompaniment of wards to medical facilities to receive the necessary medical care;

organization of legal, ritual and any other necessary services;

a number of other services.

This list may also include the supply of the elderly and people with disabilities with clean drinking water and fuel resources in situations where they live in premises where there is no centralized water supply and heating.

Also, in addition to all the above services, additional ones can be provided, but for an appropriate fee.

Social services for the elderly at home can be provided to those who suffer from severe diseases in the terminal stages, mental illness (without exacerbation), inactive tuberculosis. Social assistance is not provided to patients with chronic alcoholism and infectious diseases. This type of service is implemented on certain conditions and in accordance with the procedure established by the regional executive power.

The semi-stationary type of service for the elderly is provided to those who are able to independently change the position of the body, move and perform the simplest actions aimed at meeting the needs of life. This includes medical, social, domestic and cultural services, the purpose of which is to organize ready-made meals for people, varied recreation and leisure, and ensure the participation of a person in feasible work.

Older people are enrolled in this type of service according to the decision of the management of the relevant organization, which is made after considering the citizen's application and a certificate of his health. The procedure and conditions for the provision of services are established by the local executive authority.

The stationary type is focused on providing multidirectional assistance to the elderly who have lost the opportunity to serve themselves independently, as well as those who, for health reasons, require daily monitoring and care.

This includes measures to ensure the creation of the most suitable living conditions for age and health, medical and social rehabilitation, provision of active and varied recreation, as well as the organization of highly qualified medical care and adequate care.

This type of service for the elderly is implemented on the basis of stationary departments of specialized organizations.

The people who live in these institutions are entitled to:

Passage of rehabilitation and adaptation in society.

Participation on a voluntary basis in feasible work, taking into account their interests and wishes.

Getting daily care and attention, timely and qualified medical assistance.

Conducting a medical examination, which is necessary to change or confirm the disability group.

Free meetings with relatives and friends.

Organization of visits, if necessary, by lawyers, notaries, priests, etc.

Obtaining free premises with suitable conditions for religious ceremonies. It is important that the created conditions do not contradict the routine within the organization.

Preservation of housing that was rented before entering a social institution for six months if they lived there alone. If relatives of an elderly person also live in this place, then housing is maintained throughout the entire period of the pensioner's stay in the hospital.

Obtaining new housing out of turn in the case when an elderly person has written a refusal from special social services after 6 months of being in the corresponding institution and has already lost his previous housing.

Participation in public commissions, the main purpose of which is to protect the rights of people of the elderly age group.

Social services for the elderly in Russia, provided on an urgent basis, is a one-time emergency and urgent care.

This includes a number of services:

delivery of food and supply of wards with sets of products;

supply of necessary wardrobe items and household goods;

search for a place for temporary residence;

one-time cash payment;

organization of legal assistance, the main purpose of which is to protect the interests and rights of wards;

high-quality assistance of doctors and psychologists in urgent circumstances.

In order to adapt to the society of the elderly contingent, reduce social tension and improve relationships between family members, such a form of assistance as consultations is provided.

Social service institutions for the elderly

Now, social service centers for the elderly are occupying fairly high positions in the structure of the gerontological service. They are based in institutions that have changed, for various reasons, the focus of their work. Former boarding houses, sanatoriums, camps and other similar institutions usually act as such organizations.

In addition to all of the above, the list of social services for the elderly is allowed to include both the organization of ready meals and the supply of necessary goods at the lowest possible cost.

Individuals living alone are assisted through a system of specialized houses, which have a controversial organizational and legal status. These institutions in the state statistical report are taken into account together with non-stationary and semi-stationary organizations. At the same time, such houses should not even be called specialized institutions, but rather a type of housing in which the elderly are located under certain conditions. At homes, a service for social purposes is often created, and branches of social centers are also opened.
There are many pensioners in the country who are not only lonely, but also have certain health problems. Specialized boarding houses can be a good way out for them. The 1990s badly spoiled the reputation of such establishments. But now everything has changed for the better - and first of all, the quality of service.

The elderly are offered several options for services:

staying in a boarding house for some time, while family members are on vacation or business trip;

stay during the rehabilitation period;

permanent residence.

Branches of our network of private boarding houses "Autumn of Life" located in the Istra and Odintsovo districts of the Moscow region.

If you visit our boarding houses in person, you will be able to choose the most suitable institution for your elderly relatives. Visiting time - from 9.00 to 21.00 daily. The map can be found in the section on the official website.

Legal basis for social assistance to the elderly and disabled

The main directions of social services for disabled people are enshrined in the Federal Law of 08/02/1995, as amended on 08/22/2004 "On social services for elderly citizens and disabled people". According to this law, persons with disabilities in need of permanent or temporary outside assistance due to partial or complete loss of the ability to independently satisfy their basic life needs due to limited ability to self-service and (or) movement, have the right to social services provided in the public and non-public sectors of the system social service.

Social services for persons with disabilities are carried out by decision of the social protection authorities in institutions subordinate to them or under agreements concluded by social protection authorities with social service institutions of other forms of ownership.

Social services are provided subject to the voluntary consent of persons with disabilities to receive social services. Social services at the request of disabled people can be carried out on a permanent or temporary basis.

Disabled persons, as well as their legal representatives, have the right to refuse social services, with the exception of cases specifically provided for by the Federal Law of 08/02/1995, as amended on 08/22/2004 "On social services for elderly citizens and disabled people". In case of refusal of social services, the disabled, as well as their legal representatives, are explained the possible consequences of their decision.

The refusal of disabled people from social services, which may lead to a deterioration in their health or a threat to their lives, is documented in a written application by the disabled or their legal representatives, confirming the receipt of information about the consequences of the refusal.

Restrictions on the rights of persons with disabilities in the provision of social services to them are allowed in cases where they are deprived of care and support from relatives or other legal representatives and, at the same time, are not able to independently satisfy their vital needs (loss of the ability to self-service and (or) active movement) or are recognized in legally incompetent. The issue of placing disabled people in stationary social service institutions without their consent or without the consent of their legal representatives is decided by the court on the proposal of the social protection authorities.

Refusal from the services of stationary social service institutions for disabled people who have lost the ability to satisfy their basic vital needs or have been recognized incapacitated in accordance with the procedure established by law, is made upon a written application of their legal representatives if they undertake to provide these persons with care and necessary living conditions.

Persons with disabilities who are bacterial or virus carriers, or if they have chronic alcoholism, quarantine infectious diseases, active forms of tuberculosis, severe mental disorders, venereal and other diseases requiring treatment in specialized health care institutions, may be denied social services at home. Such a refusal is confirmed by a joint conclusion of the body of social protection of the population and the medical advisory commission of the healthcare institution.

Forms of social service:

1. social services at home (including social and medical care);

2. semi-stationary social services in departments of day (night) stay of social service institutions;

3. stationary social services in stationary social service institutions (boarding houses, boarding houses and other social service institutions, regardless of their name);

4. urgent social services;

5. social advisory assistance.

Disabled persons may be provided with housing in the houses of the housing fund for social use.

Social service at home is one of the main forms of social service aimed at the maximum possible extension of the stay of disabled people in their usual social environment in order to maintain their social status, as well as to protect their rights and legitimate interests.

The following social services are guaranteed by the state for home care:

1. catering, including home delivery of groceries;

2. assistance in the acquisition of medicines, food and industrial essential goods;

3. assistance in obtaining medical care, including escort to medical institutions;

4. maintaining living conditions in accordance with hygiene requirements;

5. assistance in organizing legal assistance and other legal services;

6. assistance in organizing funeral services;

7. other home social services.

When servicing disabled people living in residential premises without central heating and (or) water supply, the number of home social services provided for by the list of state-guaranteed social services includes assistance in providing fuel and (or) water.

Other out-of-home services may be provided to persons with disabilities on terms of full or partial payment.

Social and medical care at home is provided for people with disabilities in need of home social services, suffering from mental disorders (in remission), tuberculosis (except for the active form), serious diseases (including cancer) in the late stages, with the exception of persons who are bacterio- or virus carriers, or if they have chronic alcoholism, quarantine infectious diseases, active forms of tuberculosis, severe mental disorders, venereal and other diseases requiring treatment in specialized healthcare facilities.

Urgent social services are carried out in order to provide emergency assistance of a one-time nature to disabled people who are in dire need of social support. In this regard, the following services can be provided:

1. one-time provision of free hot meals or food packages to those in dire need;

2. provision of clothing, footwear and other essentials;

3. one-time provision of material assistance;

4. assistance in obtaining temporary accommodation;

5. organization of legal assistance in order to protect the rights of persons served;

6. organization of emergency medical and psychological assistance with the involvement of psychologists and clergy for this work and the allocation of additional telephone numbers for these purposes;

7. other urgent social services.

Social advisory assistance to persons with disabilities is aimed at their adaptation in society, easing social tension, creating favorable relations in the family, as well as ensuring interaction between the individual, family, society and the state.

This assistance is focused on their psychological support, intensification of efforts in solving their own problems and provides for:

1. identification of persons in need of social advisory assistance;

2. prevention of various kinds of socio-psychological deviations;

3. work with families in which people with disabilities live, organizing their leisure time;

4. advisory assistance in training, vocational guidance and employment of disabled people;

5. ensuring the coordination of the activities of state institutions and public associations to solve the problems of disabled people;

6. legal assistance within the competence of social service bodies;

7. other measures to form healthy relationships and create a favorable social environment for people with disabilities.

The procedure and conditions for the provision of free home, semi-stationary and stationary social services, as well as on the terms of full or partial payment, are established by the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

According to the Federal Law of 17.07. 1999, as amended on November 25, 2006, “On State Social Services”, persons with disabilities can apply for the provision of the following set of services:

1. additional free medical care, including providing the necessary medicines by prescription, providing, if there are medical indications, vouchers for sanatorium-and-spa treatment, carried out in accordance with the legislation on compulsory social insurance;

2. free travel on suburban railway transport, as well as on intercity transport to the place of treatment and back.

In the provision of social services, persons with disabilities who have a III degree disability have the right to receive, under the same conditions, a second voucher for sanatorium treatment and free travel on suburban railway transport, as well as on intercity transport to the place of treatment and back for person accompanying them.

The list of medicines, as well as the list of sanatorium-resort institutions, were approved by the relevant orders of the Ministry of Health and Social Development.

Accounting for the right of citizens to receive social services is carried out at the place of residence of a citizen from the moment a monthly cash payment is established to him.

Social services are provided for a calendar year. If a disabled person has acquired the right to receive social services during a calendar year, then the period for the provision of social services to him is the period from the moment of acquiring the right to receive social services until December 31 of the current year.

Payment for social services is made by deducting a certain amount from the monthly cash payment (MCU). For example, if a disabled person refused free travel in railway transport, then 97.53 rubles will be deducted from his monthly cash payment, the amount of which depends on the degree of restriction of the ability to work.

One of the important effective mechanisms for solving and mitigating the social problems of the elderly and disabled in the context of the modernization of Russian society is the organization of their social services. At the same time, it should be noted that stable trends in the increase in the proportion of older people in the population are becoming one of the factors of economic, political, social, spiritual and moral changes in Russian society. The constitutional declaration of the Russian state as a social state, large-scale humanistic ideas of building a “society for people of all ages” turn the implementation of the tasks of creating conditions for improving the quality of life of older citizens into one of the key areas of state social policy. Social services are the activities of social services for social support, the provision of social, social, medical, psychological, pedagogical, social and legal services and material assistance, social adaptation and rehabilitation of citizens in difficult situations. The totality of these services can be provided to elderly citizens and the disabled at home or in social service institutions, regardless of ownership.

Older people and people with disabilities who have reached the established retirement age are entitled to social services if they need permanent or temporary outside assistance due to partial or complete loss of the ability to independently meet their basic life needs due to existing limitations in the ability to self-care and movement.

Since the late 80s - early 90s of the last century, when in the country, against the backdrop of radical transformations in all spheres of society, the socio-economic situation of a significant part of citizens, including the elderly and the disabled, has sharply deteriorated, there has been an urgent need for a transition from the old system of state social security to the new system of social protection. The demographic processes of the progressive aging of the population also necessitated a change in policy towards older people.

The adoption by the UN World Assembly in Vienna in 1982 of the International Plan of Action on Aging, which prompted many countries to develop their national policies and programs for the elderly, was evidence of the concern of a number of states with the increase in the number of older people. The assembly resolution proclaimed that “the aging should, as far as possible, be allowed to live productive, healthy, safe and fulfilling lives in their own families and communities and be considered an integral part of society”. In the system of social security of the population of the USSR, new accents also began to appear on the need to find forms of strengthening care, primarily for lonely elderly citizens and the disabled, organizing assistance to them at their place of residence.

Non-stationary types of social services for the elderly abroad began to develop actively in the second half of the 20th century.

The Swedish regime of decentralization of public administration provided everyone with equal access to all social services. In accordance with the law of 1982, the communes were responsible for the social care of the elderly. Communes should provide a variety of services to help the elderly live as autonomously as possible. Housekeeping assistance includes cooking, cleaning, laundry, meeting individual needs, etc. At the same time, everything necessary for cleaning, technical assistance, as well as personal hygiene items and books are delivered to people living far from the center by special transport. Additional transport services on a personal request help an elderly person to maintain contacts with friends and acquaintances. In the system of measures for the provision of medical services to elderly people who have lost their independence, preference is also given to keeping them at home.

The UK government policy towards the elderly and disabled is also focused mainly on creating full-fledged conditions for their living at home, primarily through the wide provision of non-stationary forms and types of social services. Social and medical assistance at home is considered here as an important mechanism for the implementation of the entire social policy in the country, which allows solving many problems of this category of people associated with loneliness and loss of interest in life, contributing to maintaining contacts with others, improving living conditions. At the same time, the organization of social services is entrusted to local governments that provide both mandatory and additional services. Not only staff members, but also numerous volunteers from various public, religious, charitable, youth and other organizations participate in the implementation of social programs.

Great popularity among the elderly and disabled in the UK is such a form of assistance as a "social club", "social cafe", which are usually created by religious and public charitable organizations. The main directions of their work include the organization of communication between clients, their leisure, the provision of inexpensive meals, medical, legal, psychological consultations, the organization of circles of interest.

In France, two types of assistance for the elderly are most widely used - the provision of “home assistants” services and nursing care at home. The home assistant service is intended to provide services of a predominantly domestic nature to persons who have difficulty in purchasing food, preparing food, and maintaining living quarters. For the elderly with a significant loss of the ability to self-care, a nursing care service is provided, which, in addition to the usual home care, includes the provision of pre-medical care and hygiene services. For persons discharged from inpatient medical institutions and not requiring intensive treatment, a “hospital at home” can be organized. Such persons are served by doctors and nurses together with a social worker who provides household services.

The fundamental principles of social service for the elderly in France include the following:

• 1. The dignity of the individual. A person of advanced age, whatever his age, state of health, degree of loss of independence and level of income, has the right to service, qualified treatment and treatment.
• 2. Freedom of choice. Every elderly person whose health condition requires special intervention should be able to choose the form of care and its duration.
• 3. Assistance coordination. The implementation of assistance, service requires concerted and effective efforts, as close as possible to the needs of the individual.
• 4. Help is provided first of all to the most needy.

The experience of foreign countries attracted attention and testified to the legitimacy of using a system of non-stationary social services close to their place of permanent residence and contributing to the preservation of activity and healthy longevity of these people in order to ensure the full life of the elderly and disabled.

Not all needy lonely elderly and disabled people could get help in boarding houses, stationary type institutions, as there were not enough places and many were waiting for him in queues. The needs of the population for social services were growing, and state and municipal institutions were not able to provide them in a timely manner and with high quality, even to those who, for various reasons, were left without relatives and friends. These people were most often under the care of benevolent and sensitive neighbors, acquaintances, bosses, who were ready to help them. But the elderly needed constant and systematic care, services of the most varied nature. The understanding became more and more stronger that the implementation of such tasks can only be handled by workers and social services specially assigned to serve them.

The first document that expressed the new direction of state policy in this area and laid the regulatory framework for the organization of work was the resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU, the Council of Ministers of the USSR and the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions of May 14, 1985 “On priority measures to improve the material well-being of low-income pensioners and families, to increase care for about lonely elderly citizens”.

The following were identified as the top priorities:

• - Establishment of additional payments to pensions at the expense of local budgets for single pensioners in dire need from among workers, employees and members of their families;
• - Establishment of a 50% discount on the cost of medicines purchased on doctor's prescriptions for pensioners receiving minimum pensions;
• - increasing concern for labor veterans by associations, enterprises, organizations, expanding the practice of building boarding houses, including intercollective and collective farms, at the expense of funds for social and cultural events and housing construction;
• - development of the construction of residential buildings for lonely elderly citizens with a complex of social and household services and premises for the work of pensioners;
• - Ensuring registration of single disabled and elderly citizens who are in particular need of assistance, and organizing their social services with the wide involvement of household services, trade enterprises, public catering, patronage services, organizations of the Red Cross society, health care institutions, individual citizens employed in the household, students with the appropriate payment for their work.

Thus, the country initiated the creation of a system of social assistance to lonely elderly, disabled and low-income pensioners, focused on the diversity of its forms and types. In many territories, complex targeted programs “Care”, “Debt” began to be developed and implemented, and the defining institutions were the emerging multifunctional social service centers, social assistance departments for lonely people at home, special residential buildings with a range of social services.

The result of the implementation of this resolution was the opening of the first experimental departments of social assistance at home under the departments of social security of the population of the district city executive committees.

Gradually, the activities of such departments to identify, organize accounting and social services for lonely elderly citizens and disabled people in need of outside help and care developed. The local social security authorities took responsibility and began to implement measures to provide such persons with the necessary services at home, including the delivery of food, meals, medicines and hygiene items, fuel, laundry and cleaning of living quarters. Lists of identified persons were also sent to enterprises and services of trade, public catering, housing and communal services, consumer services, health care institutions for organizing the necessary assistance at home. In some localities, organizations of the Red Cross Society and Komsomol youth detachments took care of lonely elderly people and the disabled. Therapeutic and recreational activities were carried out according to individual plans. Day hospitals and hospitals at home for the elderly developed everywhere, public health rooms appeared in residential areas in cities, which made it possible to carry out constant medical monitoring of the health of the elderly. A network of geriatric rooms in the healthcare system was developed.

A further step in the development of social services was the resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU, the Council of Ministers and the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions dated January 22, 1987 No. 95 “On measures to further improve services for the elderly and disabled”. The resolution consolidated the legal status of social assistance departments at home, and also provided for the creation of territorial social service centers that would make it possible to combine home-based and stationary forms of state support and assistance to single and disabled citizens into a single complex.

By order of the Ministry of Social Security of the RSFSR dated June 24, 1987, the Regulations on the territorial center for social services for pensioners, on the department of social assistance at home for lonely elderly and disabled citizens, as well as staffing standards for these institutions were approved.

Significant success in serving single citizens at this stage was achieved in the Ulyanovsk region. A lot of organizational work was carried out here, the “Care” program was developed, measures were taken to provide lonely elderly citizens living in rural areas with various types of services - from the construction and repair of a residential building to the delivery of fuel, feed for livestock in a personal farmstead. Work has intensified on medical examinations and conducting comprehensive medical examinations of lonely rural residents, they have been assigned patron enterprises, and many have been provided with new housing. For medical and social assistance to single disabled citizens, “bureaus of nurses”, “patronage bureaus” were organized, “posts of mercy” were established.

In Ivanovo, Kuibyshev and other regions, a different model of service was developed through boarding houses operating in the system of social security institutions. Employees of the house once every 7-10 days, as part of a complex team, went to lonely elderly citizens and brought them a set of food, clean linen, medicines, cleaned the premises, and provided medical assistance. Initially, social service centers were created on the basis of existing boarding schools, but gradually the structure of these institutions changed, and they began to function autonomously, in no way connected with boarding schools.

In 1992, ten years after the adoption of the Vienna Action Plan on Aging, a new program of international cooperation was prepared, the UN principles for the elderly were developed and it was recommended that they be included in national programs. Much attention in these documents was paid to the issues of organizing the care and protection of disabled elderly citizens, ensuring access to medical care, social, legal and other services that allow maintaining an optimal level of well-being, dignity and independence. At the same time, it was especially emphasized that older people should live at home as long as possible. Attention was drawn to the importance of forming an active subjective life position of the elderly person himself. Such approaches to the status of disabled elderly people have found recognition in many states, including Russia.

Started in the early 90s. of the last century, economic reforms, large-scale price liberalization led to a sharp drop in the living standards of the population, a deterioration in the structure of consumption, and an increase in socio-psychological tension in society. In the context of the growing crisis, a set of measures was urgently needed to reduce the level of social instability. A general orientation was taken to support the population through a system of socially compensatory measures. At the expense of budgets of all levels, reserve funds for social protection of the population began to be urgently formed, and a targeted system of social assistance was developed for the most vulnerable groups of the population, including elderly disabled citizens.

The Decree of the President of the Russian Federation “On additional measures for social support of the population in 1992” provided for the streamlining and development of the local system for providing in-kind assistance (charitable canteens, social shops, etc.), as well as creating on the basis of social assistance departments at home and territorial centers of social services for the population of the urgent social assistance service. Strengthening the targeting of social support for vulnerable groups of the population in order to reduce the scale of poverty and provide basic guarantees in the field of medical and social services, education and cultural development was declared a priority task of the state social policy.

In the Guidelines for the Social Policy of the Government of the Russian Federation for 1997, it was noted that although the general situation in the country continues to be tense, some positive symptoms have also appeared that characterize the processes of gradual adaptation of the population to market conditions.

At the end of 1994, about 10,000 social assistance departments at home were already functioning in the country;

1.5 million elderly and disabled people in need of home care, out of every 10 thousand pensioners, 250 people received such assistance. In 1995, 10,710 home care units provided social assistance to 981,500 single elderly and disabled people, 42.6% of whom lived in rural areas. At the same time, 57% of the total number of departments were in the structure of territorial centers and boarding schools.

The high need of older citizens for medical services has necessitated the opening of specialized departments of social and medical care at home. The number of such departments in 1998-2001. increased from 632 to 1370, i.e. more than 2 times, and the persons served by them, respectively, from 41.6 thousand to 151.0 thousand people, or 3.6 times.

Thus, in the 90s of the last century, home-based social services for the elderly and disabled of this age were intensively formed and developed in the country. Almost 150,000 full-time workers were employed in this area. In 1995, the number of emergency social assistance services was 1585, in which 5.3 million people received various types of one-time support within one year.

All these processes developed in line with global trends and in accordance with the requirements of international legal acts on the problems of aging.

The key to understanding the direction of development of social services for the elderly in these years can be considered the norm of the European Social Charter of May 3, 1996 “to give older people the opportunity to freely choose their lifestyle and lead an independent existence in their usual environment, as long as they wish and can do This".

In the activities of social assistance services, a differentiated approach to the contingent of those served was strengthened, taking into account the diversity of their needs and requests. The regulatory framework for policy in this area began to need further improvement, development and approval of special rules for organizing work in a changing environment.

Adopted in the mid-1990s. a number of legislative acts, federal laws “On the Fundamentals of Social Services for the Population in the Russian Federation”, “On Social Services for Elderly Citizens and the Disabled”, “On Social Protection of the Disabled in the Russian Federation”, “On State Social Assistance”, “On Veterans”, “On charitable activities and charitable organizations”, etc. was due to these reasons and characterizes the beginning of a new stage in the development of social services for the population.

Favorable opportunities for the real provision of senior citizens with high-quality social services were created by the approval in 1997 by the Government of the Russian Federation of the target program “Older Generation”, one of the most effective social programs, characterized by an innovative approach and comprehensiveness, sustainable financing. The program was extended for 2002-2004. and new tasks were set for this period.

The main goal of the program was to create conditions for improving the quality of life of older citizens through the development of a network of social service institutions and improving their activities, ensuring the availability of medical care, educational, cultural, leisure and other services, promoting the active participation of older people in society.

The target program “Older Generation” has become an effective model of intersectoral cooperation, combining the efforts of a number of ministries and departments to strengthen, first of all, the material and technical base of social service institutions for the elderly and disabled. Measures were taken everywhere to overhaul, reconstruct, disaggregate, technically re-equip facilities for the elderly, and equip them with means to facilitate the care of the elderly.

During the implementation of the program, the emphasis on the need for a systematic solution to the problems of developing social services for the elderly, the application of uniform network management principles and the consistent introduction of new organizational and legal forms of institutions, ensuring the availability of social services through mobile social services, the availability of specialists with a high status in all main indicators.

Taking into account the norms and requirements of the main international documents, ideas were actively developed about the need to perceive the older generation not only as recipients of assistance, but also as subjects capable of being active and participating in the social life of society.

A major role in the implementation of these ideas in social work with the elderly and disabled was played by social service centers, institutions of a new type, which first appeared, as already noted, in the late 80s of the last century.

Such institutions carry out on the territory of the city or district all organizational and practical activities to provide various types of social assistance to the elderly, the disabled, families with children, persons without a fixed place of residence and other groups of the population in need of social support.

The center has various social service units in its structure, including day care units for the elderly and disabled, social assistance at home, emergency social assistance service, etc. Many centers have social canteens, shops, hairdressers, shoe repair shops, household appliances and other social services. The network of institutions for non-stationary social services for the elderly and disabled is developing dynamically, the total number of such centers in the country has now reached almost 2.3 thousand compared to 86 in 1992. About 12 thousand departments of social services at home operate in the structure of the centers, in which employ 178.5 thousand social workers. They provide various social services to almost 1.5 million people a year, or 92.2% of elderly and disabled citizens registered for home care.

The main tasks of the center are:

• - identification of the elderly, disabled, families with children and other persons in need of social support;
• - definition of specific types and forms of assistance;
• - differentiated accounting of all persons in need of social support, depending on the types and forms of assistance required, the frequency of its provision;
• - provision of various social services of a one-time or permanent nature;
• - analysis of the level of social services for the population of the city, district, development of long-term plans for the development of this area, the introduction of innovative technologies of assistance into practice, depending on the nature of the needs of citizens and local conditions;
• - involvement of various state and non-governmental organizations, public structures in solving the issues of providing social, medical, social, psychological, legal assistance to the elderly and other people in need, coordinating their activities in this direction.

The provision of social services in such institutions can be carried out on the basis of full or partial payment or free of charge, depending on the income level of the client compared to the subsistence level in the region. Funds from the collection of fees for services are used to further develop social services and stimulate the work of social workers. Social service institutions are obliged to conclude contracts with citizens accepted for paid services, which determine the volume and types of services provided, the terms, procedure and amount of payment.

Social services are provided free of charge to the following categories of clients:

• 1) single elderly citizens (single married couples) and disabled people receiving a pension in the amount below the subsistence level established for the region;
• 2) elderly citizens and disabled people who have relatives who, due to remoteness of residence, low income, illness and other objective reasons, cannot provide them with assistance and care, provided that the amount of pension received by these citizens is below the subsistence level established for this region ;
• 3) elderly citizens and disabled people living in families whose average per capita income is below the subsistence minimum established for the given region.

Social services on the terms of partial payment are provided:

• 1) single elderly citizens (single married couples) and disabled people receiving a pension in the amount of 100 to 150% of the subsistence minimum established for a given region;
• 2) elderly and disabled citizens who have relatives who, for objective reasons, cannot provide them with assistance and care, provided that the amount of the pension received by these citizens is from 100 to 150% of the subsistence minimum established for the given region;
• 3) elderly citizens and disabled people living in families whose average per capita income is from 100 to 150% of the subsistence minimum established for the given region.

Social services on full payment terms are provided to elderly citizens and disabled people living in families whose average per capita income exceeds by 150% the subsistence level established for the region.

In accordance with Art. 15 of the Federal Law “On the Basics of Social Services for the Population in the Russian Federation”, paid social services in the state system of social services are provided in the manner established by the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. By contacting social services, older people and people with disabilities have the right to:

• 1) to choose an institution and form of service;
• 2) respectful and humane attitude on the part of the employees of the institution;
• 3) information about their rights, obligations and conditions for the provision of social services;
• 4) confidentiality of personal information that became known to the employee of the institution in the course of providing social services;
• 5) protection of their rights and legitimate interests, including in court;
• 6) refusal of social services.

Restrictions on the rights of elderly and senile citizens in the provision of social services to them are allowed in the manner prescribed by Federal Law No. 122-FZ of August 2, 1995 “On social services for elderly and disabled citizens”, and may be expressed in the premises of these citizens without their consent to social service institutions in cases where they are deprived of care by relatives and other legal representatives and at the same time are not able to satisfy their vital needs on their own (loss of the ability to self-service and (or) active movement) or are recognized incapacitated in the manner prescribed by law.

The issue of placing such people in stationary social service institutions without their consent or without the consent of their legal representatives is decided by the court on the proposal of the social protection authorities.

Refusal from the services of social service institutions for citizens of elderly and senile age is made upon a written application of their legal representatives if they undertake to provide these persons with care and necessary living conditions.

Elderly citizens and disabled people who are bacterial or virus carriers, or if they have chronic alcoholism, quarantine infectious diseases, active forms of tuberculosis, severe mental disorders, venereal and other diseases requiring treatment in specialized healthcare institutions, may be denied social services at home.

Refusal to provide elderly and disabled citizens with social services is confirmed by a joint conclusion of the social protection authority and the medical advisory commission of a healthcare institution.

Social services for citizens of elderly and senile age, carried out in non-stationary conditions, may be terminated if they violate the norms and rules established by the social service management bodies when providing this type of service.

The widespread development of social service centers and the creation of social service departments at home in their structure expresses the priority direction of policy in this area - to enable older people to remain full-fledged members of society for as long as possible, to live in familiar home conditions.

At a meeting with the Minister of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation, President D. A. Medvedev in September 2010 noted: “Now the time has come to more actively engage in the realization of the rights of older people, to think about how to stimulate labor activity, how to help them more successfully, take this topic as one of the state priorities... This should be a big and serious work.”

The structure of demand for social services is gradually changing, depending on a number of factors. Expensive services for permanent outside care, social and medical services, and services of nurses are becoming more and more in demand. First of all, this is due to the socio-demographic processes of changing the structure of the population older than working age, the disability of society, the emergence of groups of people with special needs, such as:

• 1) elderly people with disabilities - there are about 5.3 million people in the country;
• 2) persons over 70 years old - approximately 12.5 million people;
• 3) centenarians - about 20 thousand people aged 100 years and older;
• 4) lonely, long-term ill elderly people;
• 5) elderly residents of remote rural settlements - about 4 million people.

Article 16 of the Federal Law “On Social Services for Elderly and Disabled Citizens” provides for the following forms of social services for such citizens:

• 1) social service at home which is aimed at the maximum possible extension of the stay of the elderly and disabled in the familiar social environment in order to maintain their social status, as well as to protect their rights and legitimate interests;
• 2) semi stationary social service in departments of day (night) stay of social service institutions, including social, medical and cultural services for the elderly and disabled, organizing their meals, rest, ensuring their participation in feasible work activities and maintaining an active lifestyle;
• 3) stationary social service in stationary social service institutions (boarding houses, boarding houses, charity homes, homes for veterans, etc.), involving the provision of comprehensive social and domestic assistance to the elderly and disabled, who have partially or completely lost the ability to self-service and who, for health reasons, need constant outside care and supervision;
• 4) emergency social services carried out in order to provide emergency assistance of a one-time nature to the elderly and disabled who are in dire need of social support;
• 5) social advisory assistance elderly and disabled, aimed at their adaptation in society, easing social tension, creating favorable relationships in the family, as well as ensuring interaction between the individual, family, society and the state.

The variety and complexity of social problems caused by the aging of the population require adequate measures to provide the elderly with a guaranteed minimum of social services, the development of such forms of service that could contribute to the realization of personal potential in old age.

Social services for older citizens in modern conditions are based on the following principles:

• - the principle of state responsibility - implies constant activity to improve the social situation of elderly citizens in accordance with the changes taking place in society, the fulfillment of obligations to prevent poverty and deprivation associated with market economic transformations, forced migration, emergency situations of a different nature;
• - the principle of equality of all citizens of the older generation - implies an equal right to protection and assistance in difficult life situations, to the recognition of decisions regarding their life, regardless of social status, nationality, place of residence, political and religious beliefs;
• - the principle of continuity of state social policy and stability of measures in relation to older citizens to maintain social guarantees of support and take into account their interests as a special category of the population;
• - the principle of social partnership - involves the interaction of the state, society and individual citizens in the implementation of measures to ensure the social well-being of the elderly, constant cooperation with the family, public associations, religious, charitable organizations and other social partners providing assistance and services to the elderly;
• - the principle of unity of policy, commonality of views, consolidation of funds allocated to solve the priority problems of older citizens at all levels of government;
• - the principle of ensuring equal opportunities in obtaining social services and their accessibility for all citizens of the older generation.

Based on these principles, the main directions for the further development of the system of social services for the elderly and people with disabilities of this age can be identified as follows:

• - a steady increase in the level of social services at home and in stationary conditions as a factor in improving the quality of life in old age;
• - development of a network of institutions and services for social purposes of new types, allowing to take into account regional features of climatic, national-ethnic, demographic, religious nature, including mobile interdepartmental social services;
• - provision of social services on the basis of an individual approach, the use of effective innovative service models that are close to the needs of older people;
• - consistent differentiation of the approach to determining the amount of payment for the services provided, taking into account the individual needs of clients and their social status;
• - concentration of efforts of institutions on providing the elderly with high-quality social and medical services, including hospices at home;
• - Strengthening of targeted rehabilitation and health-improving work aimed at strengthening health, preventing diseases and premature aging;
• - improving interaction with social partners, public associations, charitable, religious organizations, families and volunteers in the implementation of activities for the implementation of social services for senior citizens;
• - development and implementation of innovative technologies for family care for the elderly in their familiar environment;
• - ensuring a high level of professional training, retraining and advanced training of specialists employed in the areas of social services for the population;
• - development and implementation of research programs to study the specifics of the lifestyle and situation of older people, dissemination of best practices in organizing their social services.

Further improvement of the state social policy in relation to the elderly involves the implementation of the following priorities:

• - strengthening the legal protection of these citizens on the basis of the adoption of special legislative norms that contribute to the implementation of constitutional guarantees of their social rights, expanding the network of advocacy and creating social courts;
• - implementation of measures to maintain a guaranteed level of income, regardless of the region of residence, belonging to the socio-economic category and other conditions;
• - improving the status of health, ensuring accessibility for all citizens of the older generation of medical and special geriatric care, continuity and interconnection of diagnostics, treatment, rehabilitation, medical and psychological support, payment of social benefits for care, rationalization of nutrition;
• - increasing the role of the family in caring for the elderly, economic, social and psychological support for families providing care for elderly relatives, especially low-income families and elderly couples;
• - providing the elderly with decent living conditions in accordance with the minimum state standards that meet the physical capabilities and specific lifestyle, by modernizing, reconstructing and repairing houses and apartments, designing and building new types of housing, creating conditions for active recreation;
• - creating favorable conditions for feasible employment of older people, preventing age discrimination and ensuring equal access to vocational training and retraining programs;
• - stimulating social participation and initiatives of older citizens, promoting the activities of public associations and organized communities in the implementation of interpersonal contacts, the satisfaction of cultural and aesthetic needs and the desire for creative self-realization;
• - providing information on measures to improve their legal, economic and social status, the activities of government bodies to protect the rights of older people

One of the important facts of ensuring the effectiveness of social services for the elderly and disabled is the correct selection, training and placement of personnel. The level of professional training of social workers providing home care for the elderly, until recently, was regulated by the relevant tariff and qualification characteristics approved by the decrees of the Ministry of Labor of Russia No. 66 dated 12.10.1994, No. 12 dated 22.02.1996. the amount of knowledge and skills required to provide an elderly person at home, guaranteed by the federal list of social services.

In connection with the adoption of Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 5, 2008 No. 583 “On the introduction of new wage systems for employees of federal budgetary institutions and federal state bodies, as well as civilian personnel of military units, institutions and divisions of federal executive bodies, in which the law provides military and equivalent service, the remuneration of which is currently carried out on the basis of a single tariff scale for the remuneration of employees of federal state institutions”, the norms of these acts have become invalid. Currently, wage systems for workers in this area are regulated by collective agreements, agreements, local acts in accordance with the current legislation of the Russian Federation and its constituent entities. The abolition of the Unified Tariff Scale made it possible to change the basic principles for setting the amount of wages depending on the quantity and quality of work performed, and to introduce incentive payments to the employee's basic salary.

In unity with the processes of formation of the social service system in recent decades, the country has been successfully developing multi-level training of specialists for this area. Social workers receive primary vocational education in vocational schools for various purposes. Secondary vocational schools are engaged in the training of mid-level specialists. And, finally, the implementation of programs of higher professional and additional postgraduate education in the specialty “social work” is carried out by higher educational institutions. The Russian State Social University has become the leader of domestic social education, headed the educational and methodological association, which currently has 236 state universities engaged in training specialists for this area.

The profession of a social worker has a pronounced humanistic orientation, and the professional competence of social service specialists is the most important factor in increasing the effectiveness of state policy towards older citizens. The concept of "competence" includes a complex content that integrates basic professional, socio-legal, socio-psychological, socio-pedagogical, socio-gerontological and other characteristics. The competence of a specialist should be considered primarily as a set of knowledge, skills, abilities, qualities and personality traits necessary for professional activity in this area.

In a number of foreign countries, where the training of specialists in social work has been carried out for many decades, certain criteria for their professional competence have been developed. The same problem is actualized in Russia. At the same time, it should be noted that professionalism as one of the leading components of social work is also based on personal qualities, value orientations and interests of the social worker himself as a subject of assistance. The development of personal interest in the chosen profession, ideas about the basics of social work technology, its place in the system of social relations and the formation of motivational attitudes for one's activity contribute to the successful solution of social problems.

In the United States, for example, it is believed that the professional competence of a social worker combines the following components:

• 1) conceptual competence or understanding of the theoretical foundations of the profession;
• 2) instrumental competence is the possession of basic professional skills and abilities;
• 3) integrative competence is the ability to combine theoretical knowledge and practical skills in one's professional activity;
• 4) analytical competence - the ability to analyze social processes, identify trends, patterns;
• 5) corrective competence - the ability to modify, adapt, adapt one's actions to a changing situation;
• 6) evaluative competence or the ability to evaluate their professional actions, determine their effectiveness, efficiency.

Similar approaches in the process of training specialists in social work are being carried out in Russia, developing in close unity with a growing network of social institutions and relying on the norms of the legislation in force in this area, state standards of social services for the population.

Social work specialists in modern conditions are in demand in state and non-governmental social services, organizations, labor collectives of industrial enterprises, associations, healthcare institutions, military units, and the penitentiary system. The needs of individual groups of the population, specific social situations, and the peculiarities of people's living arrangements dictate the need to develop various modifications of social technology for providing assistance. The functional activity of a specialist in various areas of social practice can have a multivariate coloration.

In the qualification characteristics of specialists working in the field of social services for the elderly, the following qualities are especially significant: professional preparedness, erudition in the processes of socio-economic development of society, sociability, emotional stability and readiness for psychological stress, tolerance, the ability to make decisions and responsibility for them. consequences, the ability to attract the attention of others to the results of their professional activities, to interact with various social institutions of society. At the same time, the motivational-value attitude to one's profession, professional consciousness and self-awareness remain the basic characteristics.

It should be noted that at present, a draft amendment to the Federal Law “On the Fundamentals of Social Services for the Population in the Russian Federation” has been submitted to the State Duma, which will meet the realities of modern life in Russian society and the changed socio-economic conditions. These changes are primarily due to the fact that the provisions of the current laws do not fully meet the needs of the population in high quality social services.

There are regional differences in the scope of citizens' rights to social services, the levels of their implementation and accessibility. For a long time, there are queues for receiving social services at home and in stationary conditions. In the subjects of the Russian Federation, the grounds for recognizing citizens in need of social services are defined differently. All these points require a thorough legislative adjustment and unification of approaches to the organization of the provision of services.

It also provides for the introduction of a number of new basic concepts, terms, such as “state task for the provision of social services”, “individual need”, “social service provider” and some others. All this is aimed at strengthening the status of participants in social services for the population, including this area in the system of relations arising from the legal status of budgetary, autonomous and state-owned institutions, placing state (municipal) orders, state support for socially oriented non-profit organizations, charitable, volunteer activities.

The expansion and specification of the list of powers of federal government bodies and government bodies of constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the field of social services for the population, defined by the bill, also reflect modern approaches, technologies and management decisions tested in practice in this area.

The adoption of these changes, of course, will be a new step towards further improvement of the system of social assistance to the population.

Questions for self-control:

• 1. What is social services for the population?
• 2. How do you understand the activities of the social service system, what elements does this system include?
• 3. What are the forms of social services for the elderly?
• 4. What types of non-stationary services for the elderly are the most popular in modern conditions?
• 5. On what principles is social service for the elderly and disabled based?
• 6. What qualities should a specialist working with older people have?

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1. The system of social protection of citizensold ageand disabled people in the Russian Federation

Social protection includes a set of social services that are provided to elderly citizens and the disabled at home or in specialized state and municipal institutions.

Social protection of disabled people - a system of state-guaranteed economic, legal measures and social support measures that provide disabled people with conditions for overcoming, replacing (compensating) life restrictions and aimed at creating equal opportunities for them to participate in society with other citizens.

The legislation of the Russian Federation on the social protection of persons with disabilities consists of the relevant provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, as well as laws and other regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Social protection of elderly citizens is considered as "the activity of social services and individual specialists in social support, the provision of social, social, medical, psychological, pedagogical, social and legal services, the implementation of social adaptation and rehabilitation of citizens in difficult life situations."

Social protection is part of the system of social security of the population and is carried out through the system of social services.

At present, the development of the system of social protection of the population is at the stage of developing a network of social institutions and developing social protection technologies, taking into account the specifics of various regions of the Russian Federation.

To form an effective system of social protection, it is also necessary to create our own tools for understanding the surrounding reality and the person in need of social services. At the present stage, a consistent process of modeling territorial (departmental) social services and technologies for their activities is being carried out.

The system of social protection of the population can act as a tool for correcting the work of the mechanisms of self-organization and self-regulation in society: one of the main tasks to meet the systemic need to adjust the work of social mechanisms based on the principle of self-regulation and self-organization of "social organisms" is to adjust people's behavior in accordance with the interests the “social organism” that includes them. The functions of solving these problems are carried out by such institutions of society as the system of education and upbringing, religion, family, etc. With the beginning of the formation and development of the social protection system, the correction of the work of social mechanisms of self-organization and self-regulation has become one of its most important tasks.

Social protection is carried out through the system of social services.

The concept of "social service" refers to the basic concepts in social services for the population and is defined as a system of state and non-state structures that carry out social work and include special institutions for the provision of social services and their management bodies.

The system of social services includes state, municipal and non-state services.

The state social service includes institutions and enterprises of social protection, executive authorities of the Russian Federation and constituent entities of the Russian Federation, whose competence includes the organization and implementation of social protection.

The jurisdiction of federal government bodies in the field of social protection includes:

1) determination of state policy in relation to persons with disabilities;

2) the adoption of federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation on the social protection of disabled people (including those regulating the procedure and conditions for granting disabled people a unified federal minimum of social protection measures); control over the implementation of the legislation of the Russian Federation on the social protection of persons with disabilities;

3) conclusion of international treaties (agreements) of the Russian Federation on issues of social protection of disabled people;

4) establishment of general principles for the organization and implementation of medical and social expertise and rehabilitation of disabled people;

5) definition of criteria, establishment of conditions for recognition of a person as a disabled person;

6) setting standards for technical means of rehabilitation, means of communication and informatics, establishing norms and rules that ensure the accessibility of the living environment for the disabled; determination of relevant certification requirements;

7) establishment of the procedure for accreditation of organizations, regardless of the organizational and legal forms and forms of ownership, carrying out activities in the field of rehabilitation of disabled people;

9) development and implementation of federal target programs in the field of social protection of disabled people, control over their implementation;

10) approval and financing of the federal list of rehabilitation measures, technical means of rehabilitation and services provided to a disabled person;

16) assistance in the work of all-Russian public associations of the disabled and assistance to them;

19) formation of indicators of the federal budget for the costs of social protection of disabled people;

20) establishment of a unified registration system for persons with disabilities in the Russian Federation, including children with disabilities, and the organization, on the basis of this system, of statistical monitoring of the socio-economic situation of persons with disabilities and their demographic composition.

The municipal social service includes institutions and enterprises of social protection of the population operating on the territory of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as local governments, whose competence includes the organization and implementation of social protection.

State authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the field of social protection and social support for persons with disabilities have the right to:

1) participation in the implementation of state policy in relation to persons with disabilities in the territories of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

2) adoption in accordance with federal laws of laws and other regulatory legal acts of the subjects of the Russian Federation;

3) participation in setting priorities in the implementation of social policy in relation to persons with disabilities in the territories of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, taking into account the level of socio-economic development of these territories;

4) development, approval and implementation of regional programs in the field of social protection of persons with disabilities in order to provide them with equal opportunities and social integration into society, as well as the right to exercise control over their implementation;

5) exchanging information with authorized federal executive bodies on the social protection of disabled people and on the provision of social support to them;

6) providing additional measures of social support to disabled people at the expense of the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

7) promoting the employment of disabled people, including stimulating the creation of special jobs for their employment;

8) carrying out activities for training personnel in the field of social protection of persons with disabilities;

9) financing of scientific research, research and development work in the field of social protection of persons with disabilities;

10) assistance to public associations of disabled people;

Non-state social services include institutions and enterprises of social protection created by charitable, public, religious and other non-governmental organizations and individuals.

For example, the All-Russian Society of the Disabled is a voluntary public organization of disabled people, operating on the basis of its own Charter, in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the current legislation throughout the Russian Federation. The VOI carries out its activities under the leadership of its elected bodies, regardless of political and public organizations, and is religiously neutral. VOI builds its work on the basis of the Program of the All-Russian Society of the Disabled.

VOI goals: protection of the rights and interests of disabled people in the Russian Federation; creating conditions for persons with disabilities that provide equal opportunities with other citizens of the Russian Federation to participate in all spheres of society; integration of disabled people into society.

The tasks of the VOI: to express and protect the legitimate interests and rights of persons with disabilities in central and local bodies of state power and administration, using the right of legislative initiative for this purpose; to participate in the formation of public authorities and administration, the development of their decisions, in the cases and in the manner prescribed by law; to assist disabled people in the implementation of the benefits and benefits established by law, in obtaining medical care, education, employment, improving their financial situation, housing and living conditions, in the implementation of spiritual requests; involve disabled people in the membership of the Society, conduct a wide promotion of the activities of the VOI, etc.

Thus, a client who finds himself in a difficult life situation can receive the following support based on his requests.

socially disabled citizen

The main directions of social protection of the population:

Provision of financial assistance to citizens in difficult life situations in the form of cash, food, etc., as well as special vehicles, technical means for the rehabilitation of the disabled and persons in need of outside care;

Social protection at home, which is carried out by providing social services to citizens in need of permanent or temporary non-stationary social services;

Social protection in stationary institutions, carried out by providing social services to citizens who have partially or completely lost the ability to self-service and in need of constant outside care, and ensuring the creation of living conditions appropriate to their age and health status, medical, psychological, social measures, nutrition, care, as well as the organization of feasible labor activity, rest and leisure;

Provision of temporary shelter in specialized institutions of social protection to orphans, neglected minors, citizens who find themselves in a difficult life situation, citizens without a fixed place of residence, victims of mental or physical violence and other clients of the social service who need temporary shelter;

Organization of a day stay in social protection institutions with the provision of social, social, medical and other services to elderly citizens and the disabled, who have retained the ability to self-service and active movement, as well as to other persons, including minors, who are in a difficult life situation;

Advisory assistance on issues of social, social and medical support for life, psychological and pedagogical assistance, social and legal protection;

Rehabilitation services for persons with disabilities, juvenile delinquents, other citizens who find themselves in a difficult life situation and need professional, psychological, social rehabilitation.

The institutions of social protection of pensioners, interdepartmental work on the organization of social support for the elderly are acquiring great importance in modern conditions. This is due to an increase in the proportion of elderly and disabled citizens in the population, a change in the social status of a person, the termination or restriction of labor activity, the transformation of value orientations, the very way of life and communication, as well as the emergence of various difficulties, both in social and domestic in psychological adaptation to new conditions. All this dictates the need to develop and implement specific approaches, forms and methods of social work with pensioners and the elderly. Social protection of elderly citizens and disabled people is carried out in accordance with the ethical principles of the International Labor Organization:

Personal dignity - the right to decent treatment, treatment, social assistance and support.

Freedom of choice - every elderly person has the right to choose between home care and shelter, temporary or permanent.

Coordination of assistance - assistance provided by various social bodies should be active, coordinated and consistent.

Individualization of assistance - assistance is provided, first of all, to the elderly citizen himself, taking into account his environment.

Elimination of the gap between sanitary and social care - given the priority nature of the criterion of health status, the level of financial assistance cannot depend on the standard of living and place of residence.

At the initial stages of the development of the social assistance system for the elderly and the disabled, such urgent problems as catering, medical services, housing, and material support were solved in order to create normal living conditions for them.

At the present stage, the organization of assistance to the elderly and the disabled, along with the solution of these traditional social problems, involves the development of social technologies, the introduction of which will help to resolve issues related to psychological difficulties arising in the process of communication or from loneliness. It is also necessary to take into account other age groups, what are the social problems of those who live to old age, their relationships with other people, the role and status of the elderly in the family and society, etc. It should be noted that there are different categories of elderly citizens and people with disabilities. Among them are people:

Not in need of help

Partially disabled

in need of service

Requiring constant care, etc.

Assistance to elderly citizens and the disabled is carried out by the social protection authorities through their branches, which identify and keep records, provide various types of social support, offer and provide paid services.

Social protection is carried out by decision of the bodies of social protection of the population in institutions subordinate to them or under agreements concluded by the bodies of social protection with an institution of social protection of other forms of ownership.

The following institutions also perform the function of social protection and assistance:

boarding houses;

Departments of day and night stay;

Special homes for single elderly;

Hospitals and departments for chronic patients;

Hospitals of various types;

Territorial centers of social protection;

Departments of social assistance at home;

Gerontological centers, etc.

The main functional scheme of social protection of elderly citizens and disabled people can be represented as follows.

Social protection includes everything that an elderly and disabled person receives at the expense of public consumption funds in excess of a pension. The company in this case assumes all or part of the costs associated with paying for the cost of services provided to elderly and disabled citizens in need of certain types of social assistance. At the same time, in the order of social protection, the specific needs characteristic of this particular category of citizens are satisfied.

The development of social protection for the elderly and the disabled is becoming increasingly important in our country every year, it is seen as an essential addition to cash payments, which significantly increase the efficiency of the entire state social security system.

System (Greek, composed of parts, connected) - a set of objects that are in relationships and connections with each other and form a certain integrity, unity.

The social protection system covers, in particular, medical geriatric care, both inpatient and outpatient; maintenance and service in boarding schools, home assistance to those in need of outside care; prosthetic assistance, provision of vehicles, employment of those wishing to continue passive labor activity and their professional retraining; organization of labor at specially created enterprises, workshops; housing and communal services; organization of leisure, etc.

At the same time, in the field of social protection, the possibility of exercising the right to receive it often depends on the decision of the competent authority, since a number of social services provided in this area are still among the scarce, not guaranteed to absolutely every old and disabled person. This, in particular, is evidenced by the excess of the number of those in need of services with placement in boarding schools compared to the total number of places in these institutions; in social assistance at home and the possibilities of this service, etc.

Thus, the modern system of social protection provides for a fairly large range of services. Which in turn are guaranteed by the laws of the Russian Federation. In the technology of social protection of the population of the Russian Federation, there are three main areas of social protection of the elderly:

Pension provision;

The system of benefits and benefits for the elderly;

Social protection of the elderly in standard and non-standard conditions.

2. Forms of social service

Social services for the elderly and disabled include:

1) social services at home (including social and medical services);

2) semi-stationary social services in departments of day (night) stay of social service institutions;

3) stationary social services in stationary social service institutions (boarding houses, boarding houses and other social service institutions, regardless of their name);

4) urgent social service;

5) social advisory assistance.

Elderly citizens and the disabled may be provided with housing in the houses of the housing fund for social use.

Services provided at home to elderly and disabled citizens who need outside assistance due to a partial loss of the ability to self-service:

1) catering, household and leisure services: purchase and home delivery of food, hot meals; assistance in cooking; purchase and home delivery of essential industrial goods; delivery of water, heating of stoves, assistance in providing fuel (for those living in residential premises without central heating and (or) water supply); delivery of things for washing, dry cleaning, repair and their return delivery; assistance in organizing the repair and cleaning of residential premises; assistance in paying for housing and utilities; assistance in organizing the provision of services by trade enterprises, public utilities, communications and other enterprises providing services to the population; assistance in writing letters; assistance in providing books, magazines, newspapers; assistance in visiting theaters, exhibitions and other cultural events;

2) socio-medical and sanitary-hygienic services: provision of care taking into account the state of health; assistance in medical care; assistance in conducting medical and social expertise; assistance in carrying out rehabilitation; assistance in providing medicines and medical products upon the conclusion of doctors; providing psychological assistance; assistance in hospitalization, accompaniment of those in need to medical institutions; visits to inpatient health care facilities in order to provide moral and psychological support; assistance in obtaining vouchers for sanatorium treatment, including preferential ones; assistance in obtaining dental and prosthetic and orthopedic care, as well as in providing technical means of care and rehabilitation;

4) assistance in finding employment;

5) legal services: assistance in paperwork; assistance in obtaining benefits and benefits established by the current legislation; providing assistance in matters of pension provision and provision of other social benefits; assistance in obtaining legal assistance and other legal services;

6) assistance in organizing funeral services.

Social and medical care at home is provided for elderly citizens and disabled people who need home social services, suffering from mental disorders (in remission), tuberculosis (except for the active form), serious diseases (including cancer) in the late stages.

Semi-stationary social service. The services provided in semi-stationary conditions (departments of day (night) stay, created in municipal centers of social services or at the bodies of social protection of the population), including for persons without a fixed place of residence, include the following:

1) catering, household and leisure services: provision of hot meals; providing bedding and a bed in a special room that meets sanitary and hygienic requirements; providing books, magazines, newspapers, board games and others;

2) social and medical services;

3) assistance in obtaining education and (or) a profession for disabled people in accordance with their physical capabilities and mental abilities;

4) legal services;

The institutions (departments) of semi-stationary social services for the elderly and disabled are:

Night stay house;

Social shelter;

Social hotel;

Center (department) of social adaptation;

Social rehabilitation department for the elderly and disabled;

Center (department) of day care for elderly and disabled citizens;

Center (department) for temporary residence of elderly and disabled citizens;

Social canteen, department of trade services for low-income citizens, medical and industrial labor workshops, subsidiary farms at social service institutions for the elderly and disabled, and others.

Stationary social service. Services provided to elderly citizens and disabled people living in stationary social service institutions:

1) material and household services:

Provision of living space, premises for the organization of rehabilitation measures, medical and labor activities, cultural and community services in a stationary social service institution;

Provision of furniture for use in accordance with approved standards;

Assistance in organizing the provision of services by trade and communication enterprises;

Compensation for travel expenses for training, treatment, consultations;

2) services for catering, everyday life, leisure:

Preparing and serving food, including diet food;

Provision of soft equipment (clothes, shoes, underwear and bedding) in accordance with approved standards;

Leisure activities (books, magazines, newspapers, board games, excursions, etc.);

Assistance in writing letters;

Provision of clothing, footwear and cash benefits upon discharge from the institution in accordance with approved standards;

Ensuring the safety of personal belongings and valuables;

Creation of conditions for the performance of religious rites;

3) socio-medical and sanitary-hygienic services:

Free medical care;

Providing health-conscious care;

Assistance in conducting medical and social expertise;

Carrying out rehabilitation activities (medical, social), including for the disabled on the basis of individual rehabilitation programs;

Provision of primary health care and dental care;

Organization of medical examinations;

Hospitalization of those in need in medical and preventive institutions, assistance in referral, upon the conclusion of doctors, to sanatorium-and-spa treatment (including on preferential terms);

Providing psychological support, conducting psycho-correctional work;

Assistance in obtaining free dentures (with the exception of dentures made of precious metals and other expensive materials) and prosthetic and orthopedic care;

Provision of technical means of care and rehabilitation;

Ensuring sanitary and hygienic requirements in residential premises and common areas;

4) organization of education for disabled people, taking into account their physical capabilities and mental abilities:

5) services related to social and labor rehabilitation;

6) legal services;

7) assistance in organizing funeral services.

Types of stationary institutions (departments) of social services for the elderly and disabled:

Boarding house (boarding house) for the elderly and disabled;

Boarding house (boarding house) for war and labor veterans;

Special boarding house (department) for the elderly and disabled;

Psychoneurological boarding school;

Rehabilitation center (department) for young people with disabilities;

House-boarding school (department) of mercy;

Gerontological Center;

Gerontopsychiatric center;

Boarding house of small capacity;

Social health center.

Institutions (departments) of social services for the elderly and disabled, providing services for the provision of housing in the houses of the housing fund for social use:

Special home for single elderly;

social apartments.

An independent institution of social service for elderly and disabled citizens may bear one of the following names:

boarding house;

boarding school;

Pension;

Hotel.

A boarding house (boarding house) for the elderly and disabled is a social and medical institution intended for permanent, temporary (up to 6 months) and five days a week residence, partially or completely lost the ability to self-service and in need of constant outside care, ensures the creation of appropriate their age and state of health, living conditions, medical, psychological, social activities, nutrition and care, as well as the organization of feasible work, recreation and leisure.

A boarding house (boarding house) for war and labor veterans is a social and medical institution intended for permanent, temporary (up to 6 months) and five days a week residence of war and labor veterans who have partially or completely lost the ability to self-service and need constant outside help. care, ensures the creation of living conditions appropriate for their age and state of health.

Special boarding house (special department) for the elderly and disabled - a socio-medical institution intended for citizens in need of constant outside care, from among those released from places of detention and other persons who, in accordance with the current legislation, are subject to administrative supervision, and also elderly and disabled citizens who have previously been convicted or repeatedly brought to administrative responsibility for violating public order, engaged in vagrancy and begging.

A psycho-neurological boarding school is a socio-medical institution intended for those suffering from chronic mental illness and in need of constant outside care, ensures the creation of living conditions appropriate for their age and health status, medical, psychological, social measures, nutrition and care, as well as the organization of feasible labor activities, recreation and leisure.

Rehabilitation center (department) for young people with disabilities - a socio-medical institution intended for young people with disabilities who have partially or completely lost the ability to self-service, and carrying out the process of rehabilitation of people with disabilities in accordance with rehabilitation programs, ensures the creation of living conditions appropriate to their age and state of health .

A boarding house (department) of mercy for the elderly and disabled is a social and medical institution intended for those on bed rest or moving within the ward with outside help, ensures the creation of living conditions appropriate to their age and state of health.

A gerontological center is a socio-medical institution intended for those who have partially or completely lost the ability to self-service and need constant outside care, ensures the creation of living conditions appropriate to their age and state of health, medical, psychological, social measures, nutrition and care, and the organization of feasible work, recreation and leisure, carries out scientific, practical, organizational and methodological work in the fields of gerontology and geriatrics, and also carries out work to improve the skills of staff in stationary social service institutions.

The Geronto-Psychiatric Center is a socio-medical institution intended for those suffering from chronic mental illness and in need of constant outside care, ensures the creation of living conditions appropriate to their age and state of health, as well as the organization of feasible work, recreation and leisure, carries out scientific and practical work in the field of psychiatry in persons of older age groups and is working to improve the skills of workers in psycho-neurological boarding houses.

A small-capacity boarding house for the elderly and disabled is a social and medical institution with no more than 50 people, intended for partially or completely lost the ability to self-service and in need of constant outside care, ensures the creation of living conditions appropriate to their age and state of health.

Social health center - a social service institution designed to carry out social health and preventive measures to extend the possibility of self-realization by citizens who have retained the ability to self-service and active movement of their vital needs by improving health, increasing physical activity, as well as normalizing mental status.

Special home for the elderly (social apartment) - a specialized house or apartment, which is part of the social housing stock, is created for the permanent residence of single citizens of retirement age, as well as married couples from among them who have retained full or partial ability to self-service in everyday life and who need to create conditions for self-realization of basic vital needs.

Night stay house, social shelter, social hotel, center (department) of social adaptation - institutions (departments) of social assistance created in the system of social protection bodies to provide social assistance to persons without a fixed place of residence and occupation. These institutions (departments) are intended for temporary residence or overnight stay for persons who find themselves without a fixed place of residence and employment, as well as assisting in the implementation of measures for the social adaptation of persons who have lost socially useful ties (primarily persons released from places of deprivation of liberty), to the conditions of life in society.

Social rehabilitation department for elderly and disabled citizens - a structural subdivision of a social service institution designed to carry out health and social rehabilitation activities with citizens who have retained the ability to self-service or have partially lost it.

Center (department) for the daytime stay of elderly and disabled citizens - an institution (department) designed to provide social, domestic, cultural services to citizens who have retained the ability to self-service and active movement, providing them with medical care, catering and recreation, attracting them to feasible labor activities and maintaining an active lifestyle.

Center (department) for temporary residence of elderly and disabled citizens - an institution (department) designed to provide elderly citizens and disabled people for a period of up to 6 months with comfortable housing, the provision of household, sanitary and hygienic services, if necessary, medical care, as well as organizing their food and leisure.

Center (department) of social services at home for elderly and disabled citizens - an institution (department) intended for temporary (up to 6 months) or permanent provision of social and household assistance to citizens who have partially lost the ability to self-service and need outside support .

Center (department) of urgent social services - an institution (department) designed to provide citizens, regardless of their age, who are in dire need of social support, one-time assistance aimed at maintaining their livelihoods.

Advisory Center (department ) - an institution (department) designed to protect the rights and interests of citizens, their adaptation in society by assisting in solving social, psychological and legal issues.

The Center for Social Services for Elderly Citizens and the Disabled is a social service institution under the jurisdiction of the social protection authorities of the population of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation or municipal authorities for the social protection of the population and carrying out organizational, practical and coordinating activities to provide social services to elderly citizens and the disabled.

Integrated social center for assistance to persons without a fixed place of residence - a social service institution for assisting persons in difficult life situations - without a fixed place of residence, in providing them with social, medical and other services.

Social canteen - a structural subdivision of a social service institution designed to provide assistance to citizens who are in dire need of social support due to low income or in connection with the loss of the ability to self-service, by providing them with hot meals, semi-finished products or food packages.

Social advisory assistance provided to the elderly and disabled is the only form of social assistance that is more of a preventive nature in certain risk groups. Such assistance is provided to the population for the purpose of psychological support for the disabled and the elderly. However, it affects not only the elderly and disabled people themselves, but also all members of their families, since, first of all, problems with adaptation and getting used to new living conditions begin with a disabled person or an elderly citizen precisely because of the unhealthy perception in the family of such a person who is being tried. not notice, and in some cases even show aggression towards him. Therefore, a certain psychological attitude here must be created not so much for the disabled or elderly citizen himself, but for his family members.

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The meaning of social work and the features of protecting the population. Characteristics of the elderly as an object of social protection, its legal basis in the Russian Federation. The practice of social protection of elderly citizens, forms of social services at home.

term paper, added 01/18/2011


The history of development and the current state of social assistance to the disabled and the elderly. Theoretical developments in the historical aspect of social protection for the social, medical, social and socio-psychological rehabilitation of the disabled.

term paper, added 01/27/2014


The history of the formation of social protection of the disabled. Legal status of disabled people in the Russian Federation. The procedure for establishing disability, the legal basis for the social protection of people with disabilities. Activities of the Kaluga social centers for the social protection of the disabled.

thesis, added 10/25/2010


Legal aspects of social protection of disabled people of the Russian Federation. Study of the main social problems of people with disabilities, methods and ways to solve them, as well as the formation of social protection for people with disabilities in modern Russian society.

term paper, added 03/31/2012


Social policy of the state for the protection and support of elderly citizens, the basic principles of their social services in Russia. Analysis of the activities of social service institutions for the elderly and disabled in Novy Urengoy.

thesis, added 01/06/2014


Social protection of the population: the essence and principles of implementation. Forms and methods of solving social problems of the disabled. List of privileges and guarantees for working invalids. Evaluation of the implementation of the target program of social protection of the disabled "Accessible Environment".

thesis, added 03/14/2015


The problem of social adaptation of elderly and senile people to the status of a pensioner. Analysis of the quality of social services for elderly citizens on the example of the Center for social protection and support of the population of the Oktyabrsky district of the city of Tomsk.

thesis, added 08/20/2014


Disabled people as an object of social protection. Problems of vital functions of the disabled. The policy of social support for the disabled at the regional level. Organization of the work of social protection bodies in the field of rehabilitation, social rights and guarantees.

term paper, added 05/30/2013


State policy in the field of social protection of disabled people, its principles, content, goals and legal framework. Social work with the disabled of the department of social protection of the population of the railway district. Project "Rehabilitation Department for the Disabled".

thesis, added 11/06/2011


Social work with disabled people in Russia. Social problems of the disabled and the role of social work in their resolution. Technologies of social work with young disabled people. Social rehabilitation of young and elderly disabled people, Volgograd.