Symptoms of laryngitis in a child. Dr. Komarovsky about the childhood manifestations of the disease - video. Stages of laryngitis and their symptoms

Among the most common diseases of the respiratory tract in children is laryngitis. Its severity depends on the cause, the age of the child and the presence of concomitant pathologies. Not in all cases it is possible to accurately determine the cause of the disease, so diagnosis should be carried out only by a doctor, which will allow the most effective medications to be prescribed. Treating laryngitis in children is not an easy task, so parents should not select medications on their own and tempt fate.

Laryngitis can be caused by infection or non-infectious factors. Among the pathogenic microorganisms often identified:

viral infection (measles, influenza, chickenpox, adenovirus);
bacteria (streptococci, staphylococci, pneumococci);
fungi (candida, mold).

Infection occurs against the background of reduced immunity. Infection is predisposed by poor nutrition, polluted air, frequent hypothermia, severe infections, diabetes, hypothyroidism, autoimmune diseases, a tendency to allergies and communication with sick people.

Hoarseness in children especially often appears after a loud, prolonged scream or hysteria. Passive smoking also increases the risk of inflammation in the oropharynx and larynx.

Depending on the strength of the provoking factor and the strength of the immune defense, laryngitis manifests itself in varying degrees of severity. A dangerous condition is croup, which predisposes to:

narrower lumen of the larynx;
loose fiber;
more sensitive nerve endings;
characteristics of the lymphatic system, tendency to allergies, diathesis;
frequent colds.

Clinical symptoms and diagnosis

To suspect laryngitis in a child, it is enough to pay attention to his behavior. Initially, moodiness, tearfulness, drowsiness, increased sweating, and decreased appetite appear. Then there is a soreness in the oropharynx, hoarseness, difficulty breathing and a “barking” cough. In addition, rhinitis and nasal congestion may occur, which makes nasal breathing difficult.

If you start treating the disease at the initial stage, the cough quickly turns into a productive form, the removal of sputum is facilitated and shortness of breath is reduced. In this case, the temperature may remain normal.

The progression of the pathology leads to aphonia, silent cough, febrile fever, increasing shortness of breath and the appearance of coughing attacks (usually at night).

Without treatment, laryngospasm may occur. It is caused by increasing swelling of the tissues and narrowing of the lumen of the larynx. As croup progresses, breathing becomes labored, noisy, the skin turns blue, and heart function is impaired.

Insufficient oxygen supply leads to the development of brain hypoxia, which is manifested by dizziness and confusion.

Treatment

How to treat incipient laryngitis in children? If the cause of laryngitis is identified in time, its progression can be prevented and complications avoided. Treatment measures are aimed at:

preventing the spread of inflammation, which allows limiting the pathological focus;
reduction of swelling and hyperemia of the mucous membrane;
reduction of receptor irritation;
easier breathing;
reduction of cough;
prevention of laryngospasm.

bed rest. It is forbidden to run or walk on the street, which can aggravate the course of the disease;
limiting the load on the vocal cords. Of course, it is almost impossible to force a child to remain silent, but controlling the volume of conversation and its duration is the task of parents;
maintaining optimal temperature and humidity in the children's room;
Regular cleaning of the room allows you to humidify the air, make breathing easier and reduce the number of allergens;
plenty of warm drinks. Alkaline liquids (milk with soda or still Borjomi mineral water 1:1), warm compotes, fruit drinks or tea are recommended. Sweet drinks are not recommended. Sufficient drinking regime makes it possible to accelerate the elimination of toxins and reduce the severity of intoxication;
food should be rich in vitamins. Hot, cold food, spicy, salty and fatty foods are prohibited;

Drug therapy

To cure laryngitis, you must strictly follow the doctor's prescriptions, especially the dosage and duration of medication. If you stop taking the medications on your own, there is a risk that symptoms will return with greater intensity, or the inflammatory process will become chronic.

The attending physician may prescribe antihistamines, which reduce swelling of the mucous membrane and also have a slight sedative effect:

Fenistil is in the form of a solution, dosed in drops;
Zyrtec – from six months;
Zodak in the form of a solution is used from the age of one, tablets are allowed from the age of six;
Cetrin - from one year (syrup), from six years - tablets;
Claritin - from two years.

Antitussives or expectorants are prescribed to make breathing easier, reduce respiratory distress, and help the child sleep well. For this purpose, Gerbion (plantain), Sinecod, Libexin, Bronholitin, Stoptusin, Tusuprex or Codelac can be used.

If you suffer from a wet cough with difficult to separate sputum, it is advisable to use Erespal, Pertussin, Prospan, Gedelix, Alteyka, Herbion (primrose), Ambroxol or Acetylcysteine.

The following medications are used for local treatment:

Furacilin, Chlorhexidine, Chlorophyllipt, Givalex or Tantum Verde for rinsing the oropharynx;

Rinsing is prohibited before the age of 4 due to the risk of developing bronchospasm.

irrigation of the throat mucosa with Bioparox, Orasept or Tantum Verde. The procedure is prohibited for young children, as there is a risk of laryngospasm;
resorption of lozenges - Strepsils, Decatylene, Faringosept, Falimint or Lisobakt. If the child does not know how to dissolve a tablet, you can crush it into powder and sprinkle it little by little on the mucous membrane of the cheek.

Rinsing should be carried out in compliance with the following rules:

the solution should be warm to avoid irritation and burns of the mucous membrane;
the procedure is carried out an hour after eating;
after rinsing, you should not drink or eat for half an hour;
During the day it is necessary to alternate medicinal solutions;
herbal solutions are used carefully if the child has an increased tendency to allergies.

To combat fever, antipyretic medications without acetylsalicylic acid should be used. Doctors advise using Panadol, Efferalgan, Cefekon or Paracetamol syrup. All these medications consist of paracetamol and are therefore suitable for children. You can also prescribe Ibufen, which belongs to the group of anti-inflammatory non-steroidal drugs.

Antibacterial and antiviral drugs are used only when the infectious nature of the disease is confirmed.

Physiotherapeutic procedures

How to treat laryngitis in children using inhalations? They have a good effect and can be used even by infants. You can make the procedure easier using a nebulizer. It has many advantages:

temperature control, because hot steam can burn the mucous membrane and slow down the healing process;
precise dosing of medications, which is especially important in the treatment of children;
ease of inhalation;
no need to synchronize breathing with the operation of the device.

The procedure has some features:

it is carried out an hour after eating;
after inhalation, you should not go out into the cold, eat or drink for half an hour;
it is not performed for fever above 37.5 degrees;
During inhalation it is forbidden to talk, you must breathe calmly;
You cannot inhale oil and herbal solutions using a nebulizer;
After the procedure, the device should be washed thoroughly to prevent contamination;
The device is only allowed to use saline solution, which should be used to dilute the medicine to obtain a certain concentration.

The medicine for inhalation is selected taking into account allergic predisposition and the severity of the disease.

Using a nebulizer, you can inhale Interferon (an antiviral agent), still Borjomi mineral water, saline solution, Lazolvan, Rotokan, Sinupret and Tonsilgon. Inhalation allows you to moisturize the mucous membrane, reduce its irritation, facilitate coughing up sputum by dissolving sputum, and also reduce the severity of inflammation and swelling of the mucous membrane.

If several types of inhalations are prescribed, you must follow the order of use of medications depending on their effect:

The first to be inhaled is a bronchodilator drug, for example, Ventolin or Berodual. It eliminates bronchospasm and facilitates the removal of sputum;
then an expectorant is used, for example, Lazolvan or Fluimucil;
the latter can be used anti-inflammatory (Rotocan, Sinupret) or antiseptic agents (Fluimucil antibiotic, Dekasan).

Inhalations in the usual way (over a saucepan) can be carried out with a decoction of calendula, coltsfoot, pine buds, chamomile and sage. You can also add a couple of drops of essential oil (tea tree, eucalyptus, cedar). Alkaline inhalation can be prepared by adding 5 g of soda to boiled potatoes.

Inhalation with Pulmicort is carried out when there is a threat of laryngospasm, as well as when it develops. This hormonal medicine can quickly reduce tissue swelling and make breathing easier.

In the absence of fever, warm foot baths can be used to increase blood flow to the legs and reduce swelling of the vocal cords and laryngeal mucosa. Rubbing the chest with animal fat or the medicine Doctor Mom. The procedure is performed for bronchitis, which develops as a complication of laryngitis. If there is a risk of croup, rubbing is prohibited.

Having overcome the disease, you should start strengthening your immune system. To do this, you can use homeopathic medicines, Multitabs vitamins, Supradin and non-drug remedies. Water procedures, proper nutrition and climate change are especially beneficial for children.

Laryngitis or inflammation of the larynx in children rarely occurs as an independent disease. The disease is acute in children 2-3 years old, this is due to the characteristics of the larynx and the structure of the vocal cords at this age.

Laryngitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the larynx and vocal folds. In children, symptoms of laryngitis often appear with ARVI or influenza. Inflammation of the larynx does not occur in an isolated form, but in the form of laryngotracheobronchitis.

Children usually get sick during the cold season, which is associated with weakened immunity caused by hypovitaminosis and atypical allergic reactions, which can also cause.

The larynx in children under 6 years of age is characterized by its small size and the development of a layer of loose fiber in the subvocal space - the area of the larynx that is located between the vocal folds and the trachea.

Due to the small size of this area and the narrowness of the children's larynx, swelling caused by infection or an allergic reaction quickly spreads to the subglottic space. This becomes the impetus for the development of subglottic laryngitis or false croup.

What is subglottic laryngitis, what symptoms does it differ from the acute form, and what are the features of its treatment in children? It is necessary to distinguish between these two forms in order to prevent the danger of development - a life-threatening condition due to suffocation.

Causes

Acute catarrhal laryngitis develops in children at any age; false croup occurs in most cases at 2-3 years, but there are cases of attacks up to a year. After 6-7 years, false croup practically does not occur.

The causes of acute laryngitis in childhood are:

viral infections;
overexertion caused by screaming;
sudden cooling, for example, with cold water in the hot season;
inhalation of caustic fumes;
irritation of the mucous membrane caused by gastroesophageal reflux - the reflux of food from the stomach into the esophagus;
allergic reaction.

Symptoms

Acute laryngitis develops against the background of a respiratory infection and is accompanied by poor health, fever, and complaints of headache.

A characteristic symptom of laryngitis in children is dysphonia, a phenomenon in which the voice changes pitch, sounding either high or low. Sometimes the disease can be accompanied by complete loss of voice (aphonia).

The characteristic barking cough is replaced by a wet cough after 4 days of illness. And the disease goes away if it is uncomplicated. The disease lasts on average 5-10 days.

If inflammation spreads below the vocal folds, children develop subglottic laryngitis, which is characterized by symptoms:

During the daytime, subglottic laryngitis occurs without fever and the child feels well. Attacks occur in, more often in the second half.

This is due to the child’s prolonged stay in a horizontal position, due to which the resulting mucus is less easily evacuated from the larynx and accumulates in it.

Swelling of the larynx increases at night also due to less active activity of the heart, increased activity of the parasympathetic nervous system, which increases the secretion of mucus.

An attack with false croup is accompanied by:

barking dry cough;
a rise in temperature to subfebrile levels;
frequent heartbeat;
cyanosis of the nasolabial triangle;
shortness of breath;
profuse sweat at the end of the attack.

Dyspnea is mainly inspiratory in nature - difficulty is felt when inhaling. When shortness of breath occurs, it is clearly visible how the baby’s soft tissues of the jugular fossa, subclavian space, and the area of projection of the stomach onto the abdominal wall are retracted.

A feature of shortness of breath in children 2-3 years old with subglottic laryngitis is the pause between exhalation and inhalation.

False croup can be assumed during a night coughing attack by the presence of a characteristic pause in shortness of breath that the baby takes before each breath.

The difficulty in diagnosing laryngitis lies in differentiating it from diphtheria, a disease called croup. These diseases can be distinguished by the absence of inflammation of the regional lymph nodes in false croup and the absence of diphtheria films in the child’s larynx.

Treatment of acute laryngitis

An important condition for the treatment of acute laryngitis is compliance with the voice regime. The patient is prescribed a diet from which spicy seasonings, salty, hot, and cold foods are excluded.

The air in the room needs to be humidified, especially in winter when steam heating is running. For a strong wet cough, bromhexine, thermopsis, ambroxol are prescribed.

Features of false croup

In children, the disease is quite often complicated by the characteristic symptoms of false croup, requiring other treatment. Let's consider how to treat laryngitis in a 2-3 year old child, how to prevent night attacks.

For mild attacks, you can try to stop it at the very beginning by triggering it in your baby by tickling him in the nose with a feather.
Another way to stop the attack is to press the root of the tongue with a spatula. The gag reflex caused by this can also stop the attack at the very beginning.

As a distraction procedure:

do, calves, interscapular area;
put on the back;
apply warm compresses to the neck and chest;
make hot foot baths.

To prevent attacks, give fruit juices, sweet water, and alkaline mineral water to drink.

A severe attack requires immediate medical attention, which includes:

inhalation of decongestants - ephedrine, adrenaline, atropine, diphenhydramine, hydrocortisone, chymotrypsin;
prescription of antitussives - libexin, tusuprex, destromethorphan, codelac.
the use of antibiotics if the spasm is a consequence of a respiratory infection;
the use of antihistamines with a sedative effect in case of an allergic attack - suprastin, diphenhydramine.

In severe cases and at risk of stenosis, hormonal drugs hydrocortisone and prednisolone are prescribed. If the attack cannot be stopped, nasotracheal intubation is performed - under anesthesia, a tube is inserted into the trachea through the nose, through which the baby can breathe.

Complications

Severe complications of false croup are laryngotracheobronchitis and bronchopneumonia. The health hazard is not only the spasm of the larynx, which causes suffocation, but also the increased load on the heart during repeated attacks at night.

Forecast

The prognosis for laryngitis is favorable. The disease is highly treatable with timely medical care.

Laryngitis in children is an inflammatory process of the larynx, in which swelling occurs almost immediately. Laryngitis is most dangerous for newborn babies and for children under three years of age, because the course of the disease is accompanied by insufficient air entering the respiratory system. This can cause suffocation if parents do not ensure prompt hospitalization.

Due to the fact that children have a slightly different structure of the larynx than adults, the symptoms, course and treatment of the disease are significantly different. The younger the child, the greater the risk of harm to health. There is a possibility that the disease may reoccur, especially if children are often exposed to colds. Secondary exacerbation can occur between the ages of four and eight years. But as the child gets older, the health hazard will gradually decrease.

In children, laryngitis rarely occurs on its own. More often it may be accompanied by diseases such as or. Doctors note that often the first signs of the disease appear at night, so parents should closely monitor the child’s condition during sleep, especially in the early stages of his life. This disease is easy to diagnose, since laryngitis is practically the only respiratory tract disease before the age of three.

Etiology

The causes of laryngitis in infants and young children are currently unclear, since each organism is individual and is subject to various pathogenic processes. The appearance of laryngitis is most often caused by a combination of several reasons, including:

genetic predisposition;
frequent colds;
weak immunity;
allergies to substances or materials that the child inhales or comes into contact with;
exposing a fragile body to prolonged exposure to the cold;
abnormal structure of the larynx and nasopharynx;
prolonged tension of the larynx due to strong screaming or singing;
air composition. If it consists of a large accumulation of gases, dust, tobacco smoke, and at the same time does not contain moisture, then this is a favorable background for the appearance of the disease;
penetration of foreign objects into the airways;
effects of medications. When using medicinal sprays, parents need to be especially attentive and careful. Do not apply a strong stream, which can damage the vocal cords, because a small organism may respond to such treatment with self-defense, thinking that foreign objects are entering the body;
a strong emotional outburst can also cause spasms of the ligaments;
viral microorganisms.

Varieties

Like most diseases, laryngitis in a child exists in several forms:

acute - arising due to the effects of the above reasons;
chronic - appearing as a result of improper or incomplete treatment of the acute form of the disease.

According to the presence of consequences for the body:

proceeds without complications (if treatment is started quickly and promptly in the early stages);
complicated - can develop due to incompetent treatment or an advanced form.

Laryngitis in infants and children also occurs:

catarrhal - expressed by minor discomfort in the throat, rare cough, slight hoarseness. It is the mildest type of inflammation of the larynx;
hypertrophic - characterized by the appearance of neoplasms on the vocal cords that need to be removed, and the larynx also noticeably increases in size;
atrophic - in which the laryngeal mucosa becomes thinner;
hemorrhagic - when hemorrhage occurs in the mucous membrane of the larynx, affecting its ligaments. Children feel this process like a foreign object in the throat;
diphtheria - inflammation of the larynx and tonsils;
stenotic - the disease spreads to the trachea;
phlegmonous - in which pain is felt in the lymph nodes.

Symptoms

Progression of laryngitis is observed several days after the infectious disease. Often, signs of illness appear unexpectedly. The child may experience the following symptoms:

runny nose;
change in voice pitch;
slight hoarseness;
cough without sputum production. There is an increase in its frequency in the morning or at night;
loss of appetite due to severe pain during swallowing;
frequent, or, conversely, difficult breathing;
swelling and redness of the throat;
dry mouth;
headache;
cardiopalmus;
weakness of the body;
whistling and wheezing when inhaling air;
increase in body temperature.

Complications

The consequences of the disease can cause serious harm to the child’s health (especially if laryngitis develops in an infant). One of the most common complications of the disease is the transition of the disease to a chronic form.

Other complications include:

narrowing of the larynx, which makes it difficult to inhale air, which can lead to suffocation. In this case, the baby must be hospitalized immediately;
allergic laryngitis;
purulent manifestation of this disease, which can cause inflammation of the tissues of the neck and chest;
, in which the virus spreads throughout the body through the bloodstream;
storage of pus in the lungs, which can lead to.

Diagnostics

It is not difficult for a pediatric otolaryngologist to determine the diagnosis - he only needs the information provided by the parents and an examination of the small patient, during which the doctor conducts:

examination of the pharynx with a special light;
examination of the ear canals;
study of the nasal cavity;
palpation of lymph nodes.

In order to determine the causes of the disease, a sample of fluid is taken from the child’s nose, and sometimes it may be necessary. If changes in the voice occur during the course of the disease, an additional consultation is carried out with a phonopedist and speech therapist.

In addition, during diagnosis, it is necessary to check for the presence of foreign objects in the child’s larynx, allergic effects on the organ, and also rule out diphtheria.

Treatment

Treatment of laryngitis in children under two years of age should be carried out under the full supervision of a doctor, in an inpatient setting. The main therapy is aimed at eliminating the disease that caused the disease. To do this, the child is prescribed anti-inflammatory and anti-spasm medications, as well as antibiotics.

At the first symptoms of the disease, parents can independently help the child. To do this, you need to try to somehow humidify the air in the room, and if this is not possible, resort to the help of mustard plasters or warm foot baths. A good remedy would be to use a special children's home inhaler, which will warm the child's throat and vocal cords.

It is a mistaken belief that any throat disease can be treated with warm milk and honey. But this should never be done, as these products can aggravate the symptoms. Also, you should not treat children under one year old with various herbal decoctions or tinctures. It is important that parents are always nearby, so the baby will calm down and feel protected.

In more severe stages of the disease, when the body temperature rises, attacks of suffocation occur, treatment is carried out only by a doctor, in a hospital setting. The child is prescribed antipyretic medications, inhalations and droppers.

If the disease was caused by an allergy, then in a hospital setting the child’s condition significantly improves, since there is no irritating source. But when returning to home conditions, the child gets worse again. Parents tend to blame doctors for this, arguing that they did not completely cure the child. The problem is that the pathogen is in a living room. Until the cause of the allergy is determined, they will return.

Sometimes surgical medical intervention may be required if there is a risk of the baby stopping breathing. To do this, he undergoes a tracheostomy - in this case, a special tube is inserted into the throat, with the help of which breathing is resumed. After the patient's condition returns to normal, the tube is removed and the child can breathe freely through the nose.

Prevention

Preventive measures for laryngitis in children should be carried out by parents. The following rules must be followed:

promptly treat any infectious or inflammatory processes in the child’s body;
monitor the air humidity in the room where the child sleeps and plays;
constantly ventilate the home;
strengthen the immune system through hardening;
Find out in advance what the baby is allergic to and limit him from such pathogens;
ensure that the vocal cords are not subject to overstrain;
regularly take children, especially infants, for examination to a doctor;
do not smoke in the presence of the child, and in the apartment where he lives.

Due to age, a child’s health is subject to various tests, because his body is not yet completely strong - the immune system is just beginning to form. And the respiratory system is, first of all, at risk of developing many inflammatory diseases, where factors that provoke diseases surround children everywhere. In this article we will look at the symptoms and treatment of laryngitis in children.

What is laryngitis?

Laryngitis is one of the characteristic ailments of childhood, which occurs as a reaction of a fragile body to many viral diseases. Inflammation of the larynx (laryngitis) is included in the program of many acute respiratory viral infections (influenza, parainfluenza, adenoviral infection). It often occurs in combination with tracheitis (laryngotracheitis) or develops into tracheitis.

The younger the patient, the more dangerous the course of the disease. If in an adult it is accompanied by only temporary discomfort, then in children under 3 years of age there is a risk of croup syndrome - a narrowing of the lumen of the larynx. And in order not to bring the child’s health to the point of danger, at a minimum, it is necessary to know the first alarming symptoms and be able to act correctly in the event of an emergency.

True croup is diphtheria of the larynx (the larynx is clogged with diphtheritic films). Most often, laryngeal stenosis in a child is FALSE croup. That is, swelling of the mucous membrane due to inflammation or an allergic component.

Inflammation of the larynx can occur as acute laryngitis or as chronic. Inflammation of the larynx is classified into the following forms:

Pediatricians have identified statistics on the incidence of laryngitis - it is found in a third of children under two years of age, along with the usual acute respiratory infections. And, as a rule, this disease most often occurs together with tracheitis and bronchitis. The risk of developing laryngitis is especially high in children suffering from allergic reactions. When treating such children, you should be especially careful in selecting medications, not using ointments with essential oils (they often increase swelling of the larynx), and using proven (non-allergenic) medicinal plants and medications.

What contributes to the development of laryngitis?

Of course, it is definitely impossible to establish the true cause, since each child has individual characteristics. As a rule, several factors together have a provoking effect:

Colds of various etiologies (ARVI, influenza, measles, adenoviruses, etc.).
A reaction to inhaled substances, as a rule, allergens are paints and varnishes (any varnishes, paints, new furniture, new household appliances made of low-quality plastic), animal hair, dust. In practice, pediatricians most often encounter laryngitis in families who have recently moved into an apartment where renovations have been made or the furniture has been replaced (a modern “gas chamber” for humans).
Hypothermia, even an ordinary draft.
Anatomical and physiological structure of the respiratory organs (narrow larynx and nasopharynx). Since any inflammation of the respiratory system causes swelling of the tissues, the child’s larynx narrows significantly, which makes it difficult for air to pass through.
The condition of the air where the child is - for example, hot dry air, dust, irritation from exhaust fumes, a smoky room.
Mechanical factor - voice overstrain from singing, shouting, loud long conversation, damage to the larynx.
Laryngitis may occur when stomach contents reflux into the larynx due to gastroesophageal reflux disease or during aspiration of foreign bodies.

The risk group may include children who have chronic diseases of the nasopharynx, as a result of which such patients have impaired breathing through the nose, and also have dental diseases of the oral cavity.

How to understand that a child has laryngitis?

The development of the inflammatory process in the larynx in children manifests itself more often in an acute form and, as a rule, suddenly. Parents, first of all, may notice in the child some changes in the timbre of his voice, hoarseness, loss of appetite due to pain when swallowing, dry cough, rapid or, conversely, difficulty breathing. At night and in the morning, the frequency of coughing increases, until attacks of suffocation occur.

Laryngitis can also cause the following symptoms:

the appearance of a runny nose;
redness and swelling of the mucous membrane of the throat;
presence of bloody discharge in the area of inflammation;
possible loss of voice;
difficulty breathing due to spasm of the larynx, its swelling
feeling of sore throat, dry mouth;
strong, dry at first, then scanty sputum gradually appears;
slight increase in body temperature, less often high fever, headaches.
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Parents of a baby will be alerted to the fact that their child is sick by signs such as lethargy, restlessness, increased moodiness, nasal discharge and cough. And also a hoarse voice, which in case of laryngitis must be differentiated from hoarseness due to dehydration. With a progressive degree of laryngitis, screams are possible, accompanied by wheezing when breathing, listening to the lung area, noises and whistles are heard, the presence of cyanosis in the area of the nasolabial triangle is the distinctive features of a progressive disease.

Upon examination, the doctor sees hyperemia of the oral mucosa, swelling of the throat and vocal cords (they are thickened, red, and do not close completely). In chronic laryngitis, the main symptoms are itching, sore throat, the desire to constantly cough, a hoarse voice, or a change in the timbre of the voice (due to swelling of the ligaments themselves, they thicken and vibrate at a different frequency - the sound is lower and acquires overtones due to uneven swelling and thickening not uniform along the entire length).

When should you call an ambulance?

Disruption of normal breathing - it becomes intermittent, uneven, sometimes accompanied by shortness of breath. Even if such breathing does not cause trouble for the baby, and he behaves as usual, there is a high probability of developing cardiovascular failure or asphyxia.
Significant narrowing of the lumen of the larynx, as a result of its swelling, especially in young children. This phenomenon, called false croup, can lead to difficulty breathing, even stopping it.
Complicated forms of laryngitis, starting from the second degree, require mandatory treatment in a hospital.
The presence in children of chronic diseases of the nervous system, allergic reactions and other factors that aggravate the child’s condition.
In any case, if the baby becomes frightened when coughing, lacks air, or the temperature stays above normal for more than a day, you should immediately call an ambulance.

If false croup develops, all efforts should be made to reduce spasm and swelling of the larynx, restore normal breathing - alkaline inhalation should be performed before the ambulance arrives, the child should be in an upright position in a humidified room, distracting procedures can be done - hot foot baths. In the hospital, the baby will be given inhalations, oxygen therapy, hormonal therapy is possible according to indications, and antihistamines and antispasmodics are also indicated.

The narrowing of the lumen of the larynx goes through 4 stages, they are smoothed out and take a short period of time:

1st degree stenosis - allows the child to breathe without shortness of breath, however, with physical activity, retraction of the upper notch of the sternum and the area above the navel already appears.
2nd degree - a restless child, excited, turns pale, his nasolabial area turns blue, and a rapid heartbeat appears. Tissues experience oxygen starvation, the brain suffers. The entire chest and abdominal muscles are involved in breathing.
3rd degree – signs of respiratory failure, drawing in air occurs with noise, it is difficult to inhale and exhale, and there is also sweating, cyanosis of the lips, fingers, and pallor.
4th degree – suffocation with shallow breathing, slow heartbeat, loss of consciousness.

Complex treatment for the initial stages of the disease includes the following general recommendations for organizing treatment measures:

Strict bed rest is required.
Limiting the load on the vocal apparatus - the child should speak less and be silent more. Of course, this is very difficult, but in turn, this measure is the key to a quick recovery.

For children with laryngitis, the condition of limiting the vocal cords from overstrain is especially important, since they go through the formation stage in childhood, and excessive stress can lead to irreparable voice defects.

Daily monitoring of the air condition: the best option is sufficiently humid air, which can be provided with a humidifier and constant ventilation of the children's room and the use of an air purifier after ventilation.
Drink plenty of drinks: compotes, herbal infusions, fruit drinks, milk, drinking water. The main condition is that the liquid should be warm and not very sweet. The main goal is to prevent dry cough, moisturize the oropharyngeal mucosa, and reduce intoxication of the body.
A balanced diet with vitamins, while eliminating irritating foods. too hot or too cold, carbonated drinks. Food should be dietary and healthy; try to surprise your child with the design of dishes to increase appetite.

Drug treatment of laryngitis

Taking antihistamines

This group of drugs is always prescribed for laryngitis; they will not only relieve swelling of the mucous membrane, but will also have a calming effect on the baby, especially good if taken at night:

Fenistil drops, Clarisens (even for infants)
Zyrtec from 6 months
Zodak - syrup from 1 year, tablets from 6 years
- syrup from 1 year, tablet from 6 years
Claritin from 2 years
Parlazin from 6 years
Clarotadine from 2 years
(see list of all modern ones).

Taking cough suppressants or expectorants

There are a huge number of such drugs on the pharmaceutical market. But the choice should be made only by the treating pediatrician. In case of a strong, paroxysmal cough, so that the child can fall asleep, the doctor may recommend antitussives or combination drugs in dosage according to the child’s age:

, from 2 years
Stoptusin Phyto from 6 months in drops
Libexin from 3 years see).

When the cough becomes wet, the pediatrician can also recommend - preparations marshmallow, Alteyka, thermopsis preparations, preparations with the active ingredient bromhexine (Bronchosan, Solvin), Acetylcysteine (, Fluimucil), ambroxol (Lazolvan, Ambrobene), etc.

Lozenges, gargling

Steam inhalations

Inhalations are a complex effect on the respiratory system, not only for laryngitis. However, there are many nuances that should be followed when using steam inhalation, especially for children:

Steam inhalation should not be given to very young children due to the risk of mucosal burns.
Inhalation should not be done immediately after any physical stress of the child (he must be calm).
They should be done 2 times a day between meals, the child should not talk either during or after the procedure for 30 minutes, and also should not drink or eat for half an hour after inhalation.
During the procedure, you should inhale through your mouth and exhale through your nose.

How to do steam inhalation? You can simply hold the child in your arms in the kitchen near a boiling pot of water, or sit him on your lap and make a funnel over a kettle of hot water - breathe over the steam. The child should breathe as usual, evenly and not deeply. As for solutions for steam inhalation, they can only be used if the child is not allergic to the components of these solutions:

infusions of medicinal herbs - calendula, mint, coltsfoot, pine buds, chamomile, sage.
you can do inhalations by adding a few drops of 2-3 essential oils - juniper, tea tree, cedar,
saline solution - 3 tablespoons of sea salt + 3 teaspoons of baking soda per 1 liter, 5-6 drops of iodine.

When carrying out steam inhalation, parents should be very careful because:

In very hot, scalding air, steam inhalations can greatly increase inflammation in the larynx, so you should strictly observe the optimal temperature.
It is worth keeping an eye on your child so that he does not knock over a container of liquid or a kettle of boiling water.

Treatment of laryngitis in children using nebulizer inhalation

The most suitable remedy for children is inhalation using nebulizers. The disadvantage of using compressor and ultrasonic inhalers is that you cannot use herbal decoctions and essential oils, but only mineral water and ready-made dosage forms of solutions for inhalation, with the exception of some models (Dolphin F1000 - an inhaler in which using the Rapidfly 2 RF2 atomizer You can use filtered decoctions and essential oils). Pros of using nebulizers:

possibility of use even in small patients;
safety due to low temperature;
high efficiency of increased dispersion of inhaled particles;
ease of use, since the procedure can be carried out even while the baby is sleeping.

The following are used as solutions for inhalation:

soda solution
mineral water (for example, Borjomi or Essentuki)
decoctions of medicinal herbs (mint, chamomile, thyme and others), but only with those inhalers in which the use of herbal decoctions is permissible
essential oils (menthol, eucalyptus, oils of coniferous trees - spruce, fir), also only in special inhalers it is possible to use essential oils
garlic juice is a natural phytoncide
medicines - Lazolvan (Ambroxol), Rotokan, Tolzingon, etc. - according to the pediatrician's indications.

If the doctor has prescribed several drugs for inhalation, there is the following rule:

bronchodilators come first
after 15 minutes expectorants
After the child clears his throat, anti-inflammatory and antiseptic agents can be used.

In the hospital for laryngitis, according to indications, they can conduct ultraviolet irradiation, larynx, UHF, microwave therapy; for persistent voice disorders, they conduct classes with a speech therapist to correct dysphonia.

Antibiotics for laryngitis: pros and cons

The use of antibacterial treatment for laryngitis in children is quite justified for the following indications:

the presence of a bacterial environment of inflammation, which is detected only after diagnosis - laboratory tests, taking a smear from the laryngeal mucosa;
intoxication of the body - high fever, weakness, chills, loss of appetite;
Pediatricians often play it safe by prescribing antibiotics for uncomplicated laryngitis in order to avoid complications (see when indicated).

Only in isolated cases is the causative agent of laryngitis caused by bacteria; most often it is a viral infection that is not treated with antibiotics. That is, the prescription of antibiotics for laryngitis is predominantly not considered a necessary and effective treatment measure.

Antibiotics that are most often used in the treatment of laryngitis:

Penicillin series (Amoxiclav, Flemoclav Solutab, Ecoclave suspension, Augmentin and others).
Cephalosporins in the form of syrups (Cefix, Cefadox, Suprax), in the form of injections (Ceftriaxone, Fortum).
In case of particularly severe laryngitis, macrolides are prescribed, azithromycin - (Sumamed, Zetamax retard, Hemomycin, Azitrox, Ecomed), Macropen, Clarithomycin.

During and after treatment with the above antibiotics, probiotics are prescribed to normalize the flora - Bifidobacterin, Probifor, etc. (see).

It is worth using various throat sprays with extreme caution for any colds, especially in children. The force of their jet can damage the back wall of the pharynx, thereby causing a reflex spasm of the vocal cords. Moreover, your baby may have an allergic reaction to some sprays, so you should be careful when using them.
Monitor your child's breathing during and after illness; ideally, it should be even and through the nose.
Don't forget about gargling with herbal teas several times a day (see all possible ones).
If the child’s throat is severely swollen, you can warm up the calf muscles or take warm foot baths - this will increase blood flow to the lower extremities and relieve swelling of the vocal cords.

The child’s body is poorly protected from various diseases, and the baby’s respiratory system is especially often affected. Exposure of the baby to negative factors contributes to damage to the nasopharynx. Pathogenic microorganisms, entering the baby’s body, begin to actively multiply, leading to a cold.

A common complication of colds is laryngitis. Edema of the larynx causes discomfort in an adult; in a child it can cause suffocation syndrome. The disease is subject to mandatory treatment; every responsible parent should know the symptoms, causes, and methods of treating laryngitis.

Causes

The disease develops in acute and chronic forms. The first stage is observed in children under three years of age and is provoked by the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the child’s body. Spasm of the vocal cords leads to difficulty breathing.

The submucosal layer of the vocal cords becomes loose, the glottis decreases in size, preventing air from fully passing through the normal path, causing a severe cough. Many parents note constant wheezing in their child.

Exactly wheezing is the main sign of laryngitis, the upper parts of the respiratory system become the focus of the disease. The lungs are not affected in any way by this disease. Doctors identify several main causes of laryngitis:

entry into the body of various viruses. These microorganisms are the most common causative agents of childhood respiratory diseases. This aspect is characteristic of children; due to their physiological characteristics, viruses are very small and can infect the upper respiratory tract, especially the vocal cords. Swelling of the ligaments is a kind of protective mechanism against viral infection;
the use of medications in the form of a spray that are intended to treat the throat and sinuses. For children under three, such medications must be used with extreme caution. The jet flies out of the can under strong pressure and hits the back wall of the throat, where there are many nerve endings. The process can lead to spasm of the vocal cords, the body protects the upper respiratory tract from foreign substances;
allergens. Sometimes swelling of the larynx is caused by some allergen (strong odors of varnishes, paints, pet hair). Often the problem appears immediately after repairs; the child’s body is unable to cope with the new environment and smells. There are frequent cases of allergies not only to animal fur, but also to food (in particular, for fish);
strong nervous tension. The children's nervous system is imperfect, any mental shock can lead to a pathological condition, which negatively affects the respiratory system;
congenital predisposition to the appearance of laryngitis. In some children, doctors note the appearance of lymphatic-hypoplastic diathesis; pathology is not a disease, but only a predisposition to the disease. The problem develops against the background of the mother’s failure to comply with a special diet and her exposure to complex infectious diseases. In this case, follow additional preventive measures;
mechanical factor. The problem may appear as a result of overstrain of the vocal cords (during a long scream, crying);
negative environment. Dust in the room, exhaust fumes, and people smoking nearby have a detrimental effect on the child.

Whatever the cause of laryngitis in a baby, be sure to consult a doctor. Only after consulting a doctor, begin proper therapy. It is not necessary to resort to medications; there are traditional medicines that cope well with the disease, do not cause side effects, and are absolutely safe for the baby.

Symptoms

The appearance of laryngitis in children is most often observed in an acute form; the disease occurs suddenly, catching parents by surprise. The child becomes tired, loses appetite, the timbre of his voice changes slightly, and pain in the throat appears when swallowing. React to all these signs immediately and begin treatment.

Characteristic symptoms and signs of laryngitis in children:

severe dry cough, scanty sputum appears over time;
the mucous membranes of the throat swell and begin to turn red;
nasal congestion, scanty discharge from the sinuses;
swelling of the larynx leads to difficulty breathing;
an increase in body temperature by several degrees, in rare cases the baby experiences a fever;
hoarseness, loss of voice;
Sometimes, in the area of the inflammatory process, bloody discharge forms on the mucous membranes.

Note to parents! Laryngitis in infants is manifested by strong crying, loss of appetite, anxiety, and unusual behavior. If you listen, you can hear wheezing and noises while breathing; they come from the lungs. It is forbidden to treat infants yourself; be sure to call an ambulance.

In what cases should you immediately call an ambulance:

the child has allergies, chronic diseases, or any other negative factors that aggravate the situation;
difficulty breathing as a result of narrowing of the lumen of the larynx. Sometimes the problem can lead to suffocation;
Uncharacteristic breathing: shortness of breath, uneven rhythm. Even if the problem does not cause any inconvenience to the baby, the body temperature is normal, call a doctor, there is a high risk of asphyxia and cardiovascular failure.

Carefully monitor the condition of the baby; any negative changes in the child’s well-being are a reason to seek help from doctors.

Possible complications

The most dangerous complication of laryngitis is false croup. Develops in children under six years of age, usually at night. A narrow epiglottis, soft cartilage are features of the children's larynx structure, any inflammatory processes lead to a narrowing of the respiratory lumen, the lack of proper treatment leads to asphyxia.

The main signs of false croup: wheezing during the baby's sleep, noisy breathing, restlessness, lips become bluish, and the child is disoriented in consciousness. The attack lasts about 20 minutes; if you notice characteristic signs, immediately call an ambulance.

Additionally, sit the baby on a chair, place a pillow, and remove all items of clothing that make breathing difficult. Do not give your child food or water under any circumstances; during an attack, pieces of food may enter the respiratory tract rather than the esophagus.

Types and forms of the disease

The disease is divided into two forms:

acute laryngitis– manifested by the symptoms described above, correct treatment completely eliminates the problem;
chronic laryngitis– appears as a result of frequent relapses of the disease and poor quality treatment. Often the problem appears in adults; chronic laryngitis is not typical for children.

Doctors identify several main types of disease in children, each with characteristic symptoms:

catarrhal– the most common type, accompanied by unpleasant sensations: wheezing, dry cough;
hypertrophic– the next stage of development of laryngitis, characterized by the formation of specific substances on the mucous membranes of the larynx (in most cases, their removal is required);
atrophic– the back wall of the larynx becomes thinner, characteristic symptoms appear with greater force, and can lead to attacks of suffocation. The species is not typical for children; this form is often diagnosed in adult patients; most often the disease is provoked by the consumption of alcoholic beverages and hot spices.

Treatment methods at home

How to treat laryngitis at home? You can cope with mild forms of the disease on your own. The main thing is to follow some rules and use traditional medicine.

Mandatory conditions for a quick recovery

Bed rest is an integral part of the treatment of any respiratory disease. Carefully monitor the condition of the baby, especially at night. Control the child’s breathing: it should only be through the nose, so the air is heated and does not irritate the mucous membranes;
Ventilate the room regularly. A large amount facilitates the breathing process during the course of the disease;
drinking plenty of fluids. At least 1.5 liters of water per day is the key to a quick recovery, the best option is special medicinal non-carbonated water;
If the baby is not allergic to bee products, dilute warm milk with alkaline mineral water in equal proportions, add a tablespoon of liquid honey. The baby should drink the resulting drug several times a day.

A selection of folk remedies and recipes

Effective recipes:

inhalation for laryngitis with eucalyptus. The method has long been very popular and shows high efficiency. Directions for use: pour a liter of boiling water into a saucepan, add 300 g of dry eucalyptus herb. Place the container near the child's bed, sit next to it, and do not leave the baby unattended. Wait for the drug to cool down incompletely, let the baby breathe in the medicinal vapors;
prepare a useful solution for oral administration: mix calendula, St. John's wort, thyme, finely chopped rose hips, yarrow, blueberry leaves, coltsfoot in equal proportions. Pour a tablespoon of the resulting mixture with a glass of boiling water, let it brew for three hours, let the baby take the decoction three times a day, 50 ml;
gargle: take three tablespoons of sage, oak bark, 20 g of fennel fruit. Pour 350 ml of boiling water over the finished product and leave for half an hour. Strain, cool the broth, use as directed three times a day after meals;
an unpleasant but effective remedy: a glass of milk + a piece of butter, you need to drink in one gulp, you can add a spoonful of honey for taste. The medicinal product helps cope with hoarseness and promotes sputum production.

If the case is advanced, doctors prescribe antibiotics and medications for laryngitis in children. Buying or giving your child any potent drugs on your own is strictly prohibited.

Preventing laryngitis in children is quite simple: prevention consists of strengthening the immune system, limiting contact with contaminated objects and carriers. Additionally, follow special safety rules to prevent injury to the pharynx. Important aspects:

Do not give small children solid food. Remove bones from all foods, exclude crackers, hard vegetables and fruits;
Treat respiratory diseases in a timely manner and regularly visit your pediatric dentist;
Teach your baby to observe the rules of personal hygiene.

Carefully protect your baby from colds, if the child does get sick, consult a specialist. At home, do everything possible to alleviate the baby’s condition and make a quick recovery.

Medical video - reference book. A few more folk recipes for the treatment of laryngitis: