Family room. Maternity room - what is it? Maternity hospital at the Central Clinical Hospital of the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation

The “holy of holies” of any maternity hospital and the place where our babies are usually born is the maternity room. Those who are about to give birth undoubtedly want to know what it is, how it works and what happens in the delivery room?

The maternity room can be shared or individual, but, one way or another, the main piece of furniture in it is the maternity “table”, or, to be precise, Rakhmanov’s bed. In appearance, this is an ordinary gynecological chair, only larger in size. If necessary, the table can easily be transformed into a bed, and you can stretch (not stretch!) your legs. Another distinctive feature of this simple device is its special handles, popularly called “reins.”

When is it time to move to the delivery room?

But let's go back to the prenatal ward for a moment and see what's going on there. After the cervix dilates 10 cm, the woman in labor is transferred to the delivery room, or delivery room. Subjectively, full dilation can be determined by the attempts that have begun. Pushing feels like an irresistible desire to empty the bowels; many women say: “I want to go to the toilet in a big way.” Sometimes there is no such obvious desire, but you suddenly notice that during a contraction you naturally hold your breath, and you strain your abdominal muscles. This happens reflexively, since the baby’s head has dropped very low and puts pressure on the nerve endings.

And here - ATTENTION!!! - you must definitely call a doctor and try your best to restrain your efforts. This needs to be done for one simple reason: sometimes pushing begins before the cervix is ​​fully dilated. Therefore, in order to keep the cervix intact, during contractions we breathe “like a dog,” that is, we can often stick out our tongue superficially. If this does not help, add the “on all fours” pose. In this case, the head should be lower than the place where we usually sit. This is achieved very simply - we stand on our knees and lower our head to the level of our palms. The baby rolls back to the bottom of the uterus, and the pressure on the cervix decreases.

"Surely you have painted a picturesque picture for yourself: a woman with a big belly stands on all fours with her butt pointing up and breathes quickly, sticking out her tongue... Jokes aside! And there is no place for embarrassment here either. The most crucial moment is coming - the real work will soon begin.

After the doctor examines you and confirms that “everything is ready” - that is, the cervix is ​​fully dilated, you can begin to push. But you need to do this wisely.

• Firstly, do not rush to climb onto the delivery table - perform 2-3 contractions while standing. This will allow the baby's head to find a comfortable position for easier exit.
• Secondly, if you did everything correctly during contractions, by the time you start pushing you should have a “second wind”: contractions become rare, after 7-10, or even 15-20 minutes; the mood improves - “there’s just a little bit left!”, it’s unclear where new strength appears from. This happens because the baby’s head is pushed through the open cervix into the birth canal, and the uterus takes time to contract.

As soon as the uterus copes with this task, contractions will resume. And attempts will join them. Your time has come!

Pushing during labor is the most important job

Unlike contractions, a woman can influence both the strength and length of the push. Typically, the pushing period lasts from 25 minutes to 2 hours, with an average of 35-40 minutes. So, when you find yourself on the delivery table, don't forget about pens- the midwife will show you where they are. You need to grab them with your hands.

As soon as the contraction begins, we sequentially perform the following actions:

1. You need to take a deep breath, as much air as possible, and hold your breath.
2. Raise your head and press your chin to your chest - this is necessary for the push to be effective, that is, the abdominal muscles are tensed, and not the neck and face.
3. We imagine that the air we inhaled is directed downwards and pushes the baby out. Meanwhile, SMOOTHLY, WITHOUT JERKING, we strain the abdominal muscles and increase the strength of this tension. Your whole body seems to envelop your tummy, and all the muscles work to help the baby get out into the world. And your arms (you hold onto the handles with them) and legs (they are secured in holders) work to create a counterforce. Difficult? I'll try to make it simpler: imagine that you are sailing on a boat, and the handles you are holding are oars.
4. When you feel that you no longer have the strength to hold your breath, exhale VERY SMOOTHLY and relax your abdominal muscles. And everything is new.

During the fight you need to do all these steps 2-3 times. Moreover, the last attempt should be the strongest. With each push, the baby will move closer to the exit, but at first, he will “roll back” back. Therefore, all our actions are smooth, but strong. After all, the baby is literally squeezed in the tight birth canal!

"It is very difficult to describe how to push in words. It is better to see once than to hear a hundred times. In our case, it is better to try once than to read a hundred times. Therefore, do not be lazy, attend a class at school on preparing for childbirth. Such trainings exist in almost all schools. Believe me, you will not regret it, and the skills acquired will benefit both you and your baby.

And then the long-awaited moment comes: the baby’s head appears. ALL ATTENTION TO THE MIDWIFE!!! She is your commander for the rest of the birth. And she will give you the following command: “Don’t push!” This is a signal to hold back the effort. Sometimes it’s enough to just relax, but sometimes the urge to push is so strong that you have to remember to breathe “like a dog.” The baby's head should be born outside the force - this will protect the perineum from ruptures.

At this time, the baby makes a “turn with a deflection” inside you, and first the head appears, then one shoulder, another... Last efforts, and everything else literally slides out.

“Here he is, so long-awaited, wet, wrinkled, and so beautiful, the most beloved baby in the world!

The baby is placed on the mother's warm belly. The midwife (and sometimes, if dad is involved in childbirth, this honorable mission is entrusted to him), after the pulsation stops, cuts the umbilical cord.
Congratulations! You did it!

Third stage of labor, birth of placenta

But that's not all - the shortest and easiest period of labor, the third, lies ahead. Some time after the birth of your son or daughter (usually 20-30 minutes), the uterus will contract so much that the placenta can separate from it - after all, it is no longer needed. You will be asked to push - and the uterus will be completely free. You will then be examined by a doctor.

Meanwhile, the baby is examined by a pediatrician, he undergoes initial treatment, and then, if all is well, the baby is put to the breast. Enjoy these minutes of getting to know your baby. Praise the baby, because he worked too! Precious drops of colostrum will serve as a reward for the baby’s hard work and provide reliable protection - this is the first immunity.

“It is very desirable that after giving birth, mother and baby do not separate. After all, the baby finds himself in a new, huge and unfamiliar world for the first time! Only a mother can provide her loved one with a sense of security, peace and security. And only a mother can make this first meeting joyful!

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Reception department

This is a place of parting with loved ones. Husband, mother, friends - all of them are not allowed to go further. The only opportunity to enter the maternity hospital with a pregnant woman is to sign a contract for partner childbirth. Otherwise, the expectant mother alone goes into the room where the midwife is on duty. She receives the woman in labor, checks for documents, inquires about her well-being, and then calls the gynecologist on duty. The doctor examines the woman in labor, including an ultrasound examination, and decides which department to send the woman to.

If the contractions turn out to be false, the pregnant woman (to choose) may be offered hospitalization or return home. With an uncomplicated pregnancy and satisfactory health, a woman may well return home and wait for the onset of labor at home, close to her family.

If the contractions turned out to be not training, but real, and in addition to this, the doctor recorded the discharge of amniotic fluid, then the pregnant woman is immediately sent to the maternity ward. First, the midwife measures the height and weight of the expectant mother, abdominal circumference and uterine height, and studies the results of important tests that must be included in the exchange card.

Next, the midwife conducts a general examination of the pregnant woman: the skin should be clean, the nails should be cut short. It is better to leave chains, bracelets, watches, rings, including wedding rings, at home - you will still be asked to remove all jewelry. Next procedure: enema and shaving of the pubic area. You can shave at home in advance, but experimenting with an enema is not recommended. Entrust this work to experienced specialists.

After all the above procedures, the woman in labor takes a shower, puts on clean clothes - in most maternity hospitals it is prohibited to bring clothes with you, the medical staff issues their own kit - and enters the physiological department.

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If pregnancy complications are discovered during the examination, the woman is admitted to the pathology department of the maternity hospital (pictured). Pregnant women are also kept here. In this department, expectant mothers are treated for fetaplacental insufficiency, exacerbation of pyelonephritis, etc. Women in labor who are scheduled for a planned caesarean section for medical reasons are also admitted to the pathology department.

To stimulate labor and prepare the cervix for the birth process, doctors often use special gels based on prostaglandins. These substances significantly increase the contractile activity of the uterus.

Observation department

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An expectant mother suffering from infectious diseases is sent to this department. Pregnant women with high fever, acute respiratory viral infections, acute respiratory infections, influenza, carriers of the hepatitis C and B virus, HIV, and patients with sexually transmitted diseases are also admitted here.

By the way, the lack of an exchange card can also lead to disastrous consequences: if doctors do not receive any guarantees that the woman in labor is not sick with sexually transmitted and infectious diseases, they will have to send her to the observation department. Therefore, from the moment the exchange card is issued by the observing gynecologist, the expectant mother should always carry this document with her. The same thing awaits a woman whose exchange card lacks important tests.

The observation department has its own prenatal and delivery units, as well as postpartum units.

Observation room

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Here a second, more thorough examination of the woman in labor takes place, assessing the degree of preparation of the birth canal for childbirth. If necessary, doctors perform simple obstetric procedures without surgical intervention. The examination room contains prenatal wards and, in fact, a delivery room.

Prenatal room

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This room is designed to accommodate several women in labor at the same time. As a rule, doctors are ready to see from 2 to 6 women here. Partner births take place in a separate prenatal unit, so no one will interfere with a family that wants to be together at such an important and crucial moment as the birth of a common baby.

The expectant mother can spend several hours in this room, which is why most modern maternity hospitals provide such amenities as a kettle, TV, fitball, bed that turns into a maternity chair, etc.

Ancestral hall

The doctor is not always present at the birth, as he may be busy with several expectant mothers at the same time. But even from a distance, he controls the process of childbirth. If complications arise during childbirth, he will be immediately notified and will come to the rescue. A normal birth is usually managed by a midwife. She will tell you to push. If the labor pain is unbearable for the mother, the midwife will offer pain relief. Between contractions, she does cardiotocography, thanks to which she monitors the baby’s heartbeat and monitors the intensity of the labor process.

After the newborn is born, it is laid on the mother’s stomach, the umbilical cord is cut and applied to the breast. Next, the baby falls into the hands of a neonatologist, who examines the child and assesses his state of health.

The woman in labor undergoes the last stage of labor - the expulsion of the placenta, after which she is examined again by the doctor. If ruptures occurred during childbirth or doctors had to make incisions, now they are sutured and the sutures are processed.

After all the procedures, the young mother is transferred to the postpartum ward, where she can enjoy communication with her baby. By this time he had already been examined, washed and swaddled.

A list of things to take to the maternity hospital and to the delivery room based on personal experience.
The first is what will be useful in the delivery room. In my maternity hospital, it was strictly forbidden to take anything other than a cell phone and a camera. However, I managed to stuff a bottle of water and a chocolate bar into the same bag, which I was incredibly happy about both in the delivery room and the next morning. We all woke up early, I was thirsty as much as I was hungry, so the stash saved me a lot. The nurse arrived only after 3 hours. And they started letting relatives with things in only after 12.

In the delivery room

In the ward. Mom's bed, box - crib for baby

Son, Richard!

Diapers and a blanket, if not provided. (they brought us 14 diapers a day for two people in the room, towels and something else, and I was incredibly happy about this, because it was not at all possible to wash something or dry it somewhere. And so I dried the baby and I threw the dirty stuff into the tank. The diapers were all wasted, the child managed to wet himself in a few seconds of changing clothes, and during doctor’s examinations, and sometimes spit up...

Medicines:
bepanten
baby cream
powder, if needed (I smeared it on my folds, but didn’t use it under my butt)
baby soap
brilliant green
cotton buds
wet wipes

That's how we went home) The photo was taken in the car on a phone, Richard was only 18 hours old.

To yourself:
First of all, the documents are mandatory, which you must always carry with you at the end of the day:
birth certificate
passport
exchange card with the results of all tests. If she is not there, you may be taken to the infectious diseases maternity hospital!
compulsory health insurance policy. (It’s good if you also have photocopies)
a referral from the antenatal clinic if you are going to a specific maternity hospital, and not where the ambulance will take you. Without it, the ambulance will only go to the maternity hospital of your choice, thousands for 5-6 rubles. But if you go on your own, you must be admitted with contractions in any maternity hospital where you knock, even if there is no room.

Optional:
They also asked me for a pension - there was no
if required, a certificate from the tuberculosis dispensary. If you are giving birth with your dad, he must have a certificate. In general, you should make a mark in advance on the exchange card based on a certificate from the tuberculosis dispensary (which they should order THEMSELVES, and not force you to do)
if childbirth is under a contract, then this is the contract

Rubber washable slippers

4-bed ward, 2 more beds on the right are not included in the frame

Entertainment. The first days the child sleeps a lot, and sometimes he doesn’t want to sleep during the day. They brought me a computer to the maternity hospital (I need to inform the whole world about the event and accept congratulations), and magazines about motherhood, and even knitting - I managed to knit a huge funny hat with a pompom for a future photo shoot.
bepanten (I remind you) for cracked nipples
chocolates - thank the staff
money

Most modern women begin to prepare for childbirth in advance and, in particular, choose a maternity hospital in advance. Obviously, this gives them peace of mind and confidence that the birth will go well (See “”).

Despite the fact that maternity hospitals may differ from each other, the principles of their arrangement are the same:

• reception department;
• maternity ward;
• postpartum ward;
• children's department;
• pathology department.

Some maternity hospitals additionally have an observational department, which admits women with infectious and inflammatory diseases, as well as unexamined women (who do not have exchange cards containing information about the health status of the pregnant woman and child).

How does the reception department work?

Any maternity hospital begins with the admissions department. Here the woman must submit the documents prepared in advance:

• passport;
• exchange card;
• medical insurance policy;
• birth certificate (allowing a woman to choose a maternity hospital herself).

In the emergency department, the expectant mother is examined:

• measure pressure;
• listen to the fetal heartbeat;
• determine how soon labor will begin.

If the contractions are strong and repeat at short intervals, they are sent to the delivery room. If contractions are just beginning, then go to the prenatal ward. When admitted to the maternity hospital, they also undergo sanitary treatment, which includes an enema (See “”) and shaving of the suprapubic area (this can be done at home yourself).

How is the maternity ward organized?

The maternity ward consists of:

• prenatal ward;
• maternity room.

Prenatal ward

In the prenatal ward there can be from two to six women in labor at the same time, and in the delivery room there are usually two or three birthing chairs.

In the prenatal ward, the woman remains during contractions until the cervix dilates to the desired width, so she is periodically examined by a doctor.

Here, blood pressure is monitored, the fetal heartbeat and the condition of the woman herself are monitored - perhaps someone will need stimulation of labor, anesthesia or other medical care.

Maternity room

When the cervix is ​​fully dilated, the woman in labor is transferred to the delivery room, where, after pushing, the baby is born. The newborn is placed on the mother's stomach, where he lies until the umbilical cord pulsates. Then it is cut off and the child is examined by a pediatrician, assessing his condition on the Apgar scale. After the birth of the child, the placenta is delivered, after which the condition of the woman’s birth canal is examined and, if necessary, postpartum tears are sutured.

Modern maternity hospitals have a system of boxes - during labor and childbirth, the woman is in a separate box.

Each maternity hospital has an anesthesiology and intensive care department and intensive care wards, where women in serious condition (preeclampsia, high blood pressure, etc.) and after cesarean section are admitted.

How is the postpartum ward organized?

Two hours after giving birth, the woman is transferred to the postpartum ward, and the child to the children's department. Depending on the chosen maternity hospital, it is possible for both the mother and the child to stay together or separately after childbirth (when the child is brought in only for feeding time).

The postpartum wards of modern maternity hospitals provide for the mother and child to stay together. This is convenient because the young mother will be helped here to establish breastfeeding and child care (See “”).

Usually in such wards there are 3-4 mothers with children. When giving birth under a contract, the mother can be in a separate room alone with the child. Here, every day, doctors examine the mother and child, prescribe tests and ultrasounds, and, if all is well, discharge them home on the third or fourth day.

Why do you need a children's department?

Despite the fact that recently it has been practiced for the mother and child to stay together, children's departments are necessary in cases where the birth was difficult and the mother cannot independently care for the child. For this reason, children born by Caesarean section are also kept there. Many maternity hospitals also have a pediatric intensive care unit, where premature babies, children with pathologies or after difficult births are cared for.

Why do we need a pathology department?

Almost every maternity hospital has a pathology department where pregnant women are admitted to monitor their condition and provide timely assistance:

• with the threat of premature birth;
• fetoplacental insufficiency;
• inflammatory kidney diseases;
• severe gestosis;
• other complications.

Women are also here in preparation for a planned caesarean section.

A maternity hospital is a medical institution where a pregnant woman can receive qualified medical care from the moment of conception to childbirth, including the process of childbirth itself and the early postpartum period. For a newborn baby, the maternity hospital is the first medical institution where he will be helped not only to be born, but also to adapt to life in the environment.

The rules in the maternity hospital are very different from the rules of other medical institutions, because infection is especially dangerous for the baby’s sterile body. Therefore, every maternity hospital has a strict regime that cannot be violated.

Maternity room

The delivery room is the main place in the maternity hospital where the baby is born. From the moment regular labor is established, the woman in labor is transferred to the delivery room, where she stays with medical staff, and, if desired, with a partner (husband, mother, sister).

Modern delivery rooms are decorated in warm colors and equipped with all the necessary equipment. The most important attribute of each maternity room is the Rachmaninov chair-bed, on which the birth of a child often takes place. The well-equipped delivery room also includes a bed, an exercise wall, a fitball, a special chair for vertical birth supporters, a heated changing table and a neonatal resuscitation kit in the delivery room.

How do women give birth in a maternity hospital?

Currently, active behavior of women in the first stage of labor is practiced. The woman in labor can move freely around the delivery room, perform exercises on a gymnastic wall and an inflatable ball, which helps reduce pain, quickly open the cervix and lower the fetal head. A woman can choose where and how she wants to give birth. Currently, childbirth is practiced while standing, sitting on a special chair, and childbirth in the knee-elbow position.

Care for a child in a maternity hospital begins from the moment he is born. The condition of the newborn is assessed using the Apgar scale at 1 and 5 minutes after birth, the maximum score is 10 points. It consists of 5 criteria, each of which is scored from 0 to 2 points: heart rate, skin color, breathing, muscle tone and reflex excitability.

The primary toileting of a newborn in the delivery room begins as soon as the head has erupted. The neonatologist removes mucus from the baby's mouth using suction, then the baby is placed on the mother's stomach and applied to the breast if the baby does not need additional medical care. Early attachment of a newborn baby to the breast is very important, as it helps to establish close contact between mother and baby, colonizes the skin and intestines with protective microflora, and also stimulates the production of oxytocin in the woman in labor, which helps the uterus contract.

Then the child is taken to the changing table, where the birth lubricant is wiped off his skin, conjunctivitis is prevented, he is weighed, measured, dressed and a bracelet is tied on the arm, where the birth history number, mother's last name, middle name, day and time of birth are indicated.

Many pregnant women are interested in how to dress a baby in the maternity hospital? There is one peculiarity: a newborn’s thermoregulation center is not yet mature and under the influence of the room temperature the child can become hypothermic, so the baby needs to be dressed a little warmer than the mother dresses, especially in the first days.

Vaccinations for children in the maternity hospital are given by a children's nurse after an examination by a neonatologist, the absence of contraindications and the signing of special documents by the mother.

Maternity hospital care

After childbirth, the doctor on duty in the maternity hospital examines the woman in labor, checks the condition of the sutures, the size of the uterus, and the condition of the mammary glands. Examinations in the maternity hospital are carried out in special examination rooms under sterile conditions. after a woman performs hygiene procedures.

Recently, a lot of information has appeared about childbirth outside a medical institution (at home, in a swimming pool), and there are couples who decide to take such risky actions. It must be remembered that the process of childbirth cannot be predicted, and there is always a risk of a situation when the life of a woman and child depends on timely, qualified medical care, so you should not endanger yourself and your child.