Captain 2nd rank. Military ranks in the navy in ascending order. History of the origin of the title

Captain commander (also captain of brigadier rank from 1764 to 1798) rank in 1707-1732 and in 1751-1827. in the Russian navy. Introduced in 1707 in the Table of Ranks, belonged to class V, and was considered lower than rear admiral, but higher... ... Wikipedia

Noun, number of synonyms: 2 cap two (2) captain (21) ASIS Dictionary of Synonyms. V.N. Trishin. 2013… Synonym dictionary

Noun, number of synonyms: 3 cap times (3) caperaz (2) captain (21) ASIS Dictionary of Synonyms ... Synonym dictionary

Exist., number of synonyms: 2 cap three (2) captain (21) ASIS Dictionary of Synonyms. V.N. Trishin. 2013… Synonym dictionary

Military rank of senior officers in the Navy and Navy of many states. Corresponds to the rank of major. It existed in the Russian fleet in 1713-1732 and 20-30. 19th century Introduced into the Russian Navy in 1935. EdwART. Explanatory Naval Dictionary, 2010 ... Marine Dictionary

Military rank of senior officers in the Navy and Navy of many states. Corresponds to the rank of lieutenant colonel. It existed in the Russian fleet in 1713-1732 and 1751-1917. Introduced in the USSR Navy in 1935. EdwART. Explanatory Naval Dictionary, 2010 ... Marine Dictionary

Military rank of senior officers in the Navy and Navy of many states. Corresponds to the rank of colonel. It existed in the Russian fleet in 1713-1732 and 1751-1917. Introduced in the USSR Navy in 1935. EdwART. Explanatory Naval Dictionary, 2010 ... Marine Dictionary

Everyday shoulder strap of captain 3rd rank Captain 3rd rank in the Russian Navy is a military rank corresponding to the rank of major in the ground forces and aviation. Sometimes the abbreviated name "captri" is used. See also Table of Ranks Military rank... ... Wikipedia

Ceremonial shoulder strap for the jacket of a captain of the 2nd rank Captain of the 2nd rank in the Navy of the Russian Empire, the USSR, the Russian Federation and some other countries is a military rank corresponding to the rank of lieutenant colonel in the ground forces and aviation. Sometimes... ... Wikipedia

Books

Captain of the first rank, A. S. Novikov-Priboy. Alexey Silych Novikov-Priboy is known as a marine writer ("Sea Stories", the stories "The Sea is Calling", "Jumble Voyage", "Woman at Sea", the historical epic "Tsushima", etc.). Marine theme...
Captain of the first rank, A. S. Novikov-Priboy. The author’s vast life experience, uninterrupted connections with many people, including participants in the tragic sea voyage, his painstaking long-term work with historical sources...

Ship ranks in the navy are used in the Russian Navy and are assigned to sailors to the extent they are able to take responsibility for the command of a particular military personnel. They are also assigned to the military coast guard of the border troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, underwater and surface units of the Navy and naval units of the troops.

Almost all naval ranks differ from the missile and ground forces, airborne forces and airborne forces. From 1884 to 1991 they changed due to a number of events:

the collapse of the Russian Empire in 1917;
the creation of the Soviet Union and its subsequent collapse 1922-1991;
creation of the Russian Federation in 1991

Modern ranks in the navy are divided into 4 categories:

1. Conscripts of conscript and contract service. These include: sailor, senior sailor, foreman of the second class, petty officer of the first class and the chief petty officer. The senior ranks also include a midshipman and a senior midshipman.

2. Junior officers of the fleet. These are: junior lieutenant, lieutenant, senior lieutenant and lieutenant commander.

3. Senior officers of the Navy. Ranks are divided into: captains of the third, second and first rank.

4. Senior officers. Consists of: rear admiral, vice admiral, admiral and fleet admiral.

Detailed description of ship ranks in ascending order

Sailor- a junior rank in the navy that corresponds to a land private. These are conscripts for military service.

Senior sailor- a parallel to the army rank of corporal, which is assigned to a sailor for maintaining discipline and exemplary performance of duties. Can be an assistant sergeant major and replace a sergeant major of the second class.

Petty Officers

Foreman of the second article- junior rank in the senior ranks, which was introduced on November 2, 1940. Situated in rank above the senior sailor and below the first class petty officer. May be a squad leader.

Petty Officer of the first article- a sailor of the fleet who is ranked higher in rank than the petty officer of the second article, but below the chief petty officer. Second in order of growth in the list of senior officers, introduced on November 2, 1940. This is a squad commander who has shown excellent results in performing military and organizational duties.

Chief petty officer– military rank in the Navy of the Russian Federation and Coast Guard. Occupies a place between the first class petty officer and the midshipman of the fleet. The naval rank of chief naval sergeant corresponds to the army rank of senior sergeant. Can replace a platoon commander.

Midshipman– a word of English origin, which is assigned to a sailor after completing appropriate training programs and courses. In land terms, this is an ensign. Performs organizational and combat duties within the framework of a platoon commander or company sergeant major.

Senior midshipman- a military rank in the Russian Navy, which is higher in rank than midshipman, but lower than junior lieutenant. Similarly - senior warrant officer in other branches of the military.

Junior officers

Rank junior lieutenant comes from French and translates as "substitute". Occupies the first rank in the junior officer ranks, both in the ground and naval forces. May be a post or platoon commander.

Lieutenant- second among ranks in the navy, in rank above junior lieutenant and below senior lieutenant. Awarded upon completion of service with the rank of junior lieutenant.

Senior Lieutenant- a naval rank of junior officers in Russia, which is higher in rank than lieutenant and lower than lieutenant commander. With excellent performance in the service, he can be an assistant to the captain of a ship.

Lieutenant Commander- the highest rank of junior officers, which in the Russian Federation and Germany corresponds to captain of the army of the ground forces. A sailor with this rank is considered the deputy captain of the ship and the commander of a company of hundreds of subordinates.

Senior officers

Captain 3rd rank- corresponds to an army major. The abbreviated name for the shoulder strap is “captri”. Responsibilities include commanding a ship of the appropriate rank. These are small military vessels: landing craft, anti-submarine ships, torpedo ships and minesweepers.

Captain of the second rank, or “kapdva” is the rank of sailor in the Navy, which corresponds to lieutenant colonel in land ranks. This is the commander of a ship of the same rank: large landing ships, missile and destroyers.

Captain of the first rank, or “kapraz”, “kapturang” is a military rank in the Russian Navy, which is higher in rank than captain of the second rank and lower than rear admiral. May 7, 1940 exists among ranks in the navy, decided the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. "Kapturang" commands ships with complex control and enormous military power: aircraft carriers, nuclear submarines and cruisers.

Senior officers

Rear Admiral can command a squadron of ships and replace the commander of a flotilla. Adopted since 1940 and since that time corresponds to major general of the ground forces and aviation.

Vice Admiral- a rank of sailors in Russia, which allows you to replace an admiral. Corresponds to a lieutenant general of the ground forces. Manages the actions of flotillas.

Admiral translated from Dutch as “lord of the sea”, therefore he is a member of the senior officer corps. Army employees are assigned the rank of Colonel General. Manages the active fleet.

Fleet Admiral- the highest active rank, as well as in other types of troops, army general. Manages the fleet and is assigned to active admirals with excellent combat, organizational and strategic performance.

What types of troops are assigned naval ranks?

The Navy of the Russian Federation (RF Navy) also includes the following units:

Marine Corps;
coast guard;
naval aviation.

The Marine Corps is a unit that carries out the defense of military installations, coastal areas and other sea lines. The Marines include sabotage and reconnaissance groups. The Marine Corps motto is: “Where we are, there is victory.”

The Coast Guard is a branch of the military that defends Russian naval bases and special facilities in the coastal zone. They have at their disposal anti-aircraft, torpedo, mine weapons, as well as missile systems and other artillery.

Naval aviation is troops whose responsibilities include detecting and destroying the enemy, defending ships and other elements from enemy forces, and destroying enemy aircraft, helicopters and other air structures. Russian aviation also carries out air transportation and rescue operations on the high seas.

How and for what is the next rank assigned to sailors?

The assignment of the next title is specified in the current laws of the Russian Federation:

For a senior sailor, you must serve 5 months;
obtaining a sergeant major 2nd article can be expected after a year of service;
three years for senior sergeant and chief petty officer;
three years to become a midshipman;
2 years for junior lieutenant;
3 for promotion to lieutenant and first lieutenant;
4 years to become a captain-lieutenant and captain of the 3rd rank.
5 years to captain 2nd and 1st rank;
for senior officers, at least a year at the previous rank.

It is also worth knowing that military ranks in the navy may be assigned if the due date has not yet passed, but the military man has demonstrated his organizational, tactical and strategic abilities. A bad sailor is one who does not want to become an admiral, especially since it is possible. There are many examples of motivated, big-thinking sailors who became admirals.

Noun, number of synonyms: 2 cap two (2) captain (21) ASIS Dictionary of Synonyms. V.N. Trishin. 2013… Synonym dictionary

captain of the second rank- An officer rank in the navy, next to the rank of captain of the third rank; the person holding this title... Dictionary of many expressions

captain first rank- An officer rank in the navy, next to the rank of captain of the second rank; the person holding this title... Dictionary of many expressions

Cm … Synonym dictionary

- (French capitaine, from Latin caput head). 1) senior chief officer rank in the army or guard. 2) different levels of headquarters of officer ranks in the fleet. 3) the head of a port or seagoing vessel. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language.... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

Noun, m., used. very often Morphology: (no) whom? captain, who? captain, (see) who? captain, by whom? captain, about whom? about the captain; pl. Who? captains, (no) who? captains, who? captains, (see) who? captains, by whom? captains, about whom? O… … Dmitriev's Explanatory Dictionary

captain- A; m. (French capitaine) see also. captain 1) An officer rank (rank) in the army, following the rank of senior lieutenant (in the Russian army until 1917, after the rank of staff captain); person holding this title. Aviation captain. Captain of the Quartermaster... Dictionary of many expressions

- “Captain Izylmetyev” “Lenin” (since 1922) ... Wikipedia

State security captain is a special rank of senior command staff of the NKVD and NKGB of the USSR, introduced on October 7, 1935 by the Decree of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR. Previous lower rank: senior lieutenant of the state ... Wikipedia

CAPTAIN, captain's husband. (French capitaine). 1. Head of a military or merchant ship (marine). 2. Officer rank in the army or navy (pre-military). Company commander with the rank of captain. Captain of the first, second rank. 3. Some of the compound words meaning... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

Books

Twice into the same river, Ostrovskaya Ekaterina, Barsova Ekaterina. Lena Samokhina was very proud that all her ancestors were naval officers. Unexpectedly, she learned that her great-grandfather, captain of the second rank Pyotr Georgievich Samokhin, took part in the collection...
Damask steel ring, Daria Pleshcheeva. 1788 Russia once again grappled with the Ottoman Empire for control of the Northern Black Sea region and the Crimean Peninsula. The Turks, having suffered a series of defeats, turned to...

1. Military rank in the RKVMF. 2. Second headquarters officer rank in the old fleet. According to the laws in force at that time, captains of the 1st rank could be appointed to the positions of commanders of ships of the 1st rank. Samoilov K.I. Marine dictionary. M.L.:... ...Marine Dictionary

1. Military rank in the RKVMF. 2. The first headquarters officer rank in the old fleet. Captains of the 2nd rank could be appointed to the positions of commanders of ships of the 2nd rank. Samoilov K.I. Marine dictionary. M.L.: State Naval Publishing House NKVMF... ... Naval Dictionary

Military rank in the RKVMF. Existed in the Russian fleet in the times of Peter the Great in 1720-1724 and in the 20s and 30s. XIX century Samoilov K.I. Marine dictionary. M. L.: State Naval Publishing House of the NKVMF of the USSR, 1941 ... Marine Dictionary

A rank in the navy equal to colonel. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910 ...

A rank in the navy equal to lieutenant colonel in the army. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910 ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

- ... Wikipedia

This term has other meanings, see Captain. Everyday shoulder strap of captain 3rd rank Captain 3rd rank in the Russian Navy is a military rank corresponding to the rank of major in the ground forces and aviation. Before military rank... ... Wikipedia

captain 1st rank - engineer- captain 1st (first) rank engineer, captain 1st (first) rank engineer... Russian spelling dictionary

Wikipedia has articles about other people with this surname, see Schmidt. Vladimir Petrovich Schmidt (Schmitt) (March 1, 1883 ... Wikipedia

Wikipedia has articles about other people named Smirnov, Vladimir Vasilievich. Vladimir Vasilyevich Smirnov (December 8, 1856(18561208)) Russian naval officer, captain 1st rank, participant in the Battle of Tsushima. Biography Son of the courtier... ... Wikipedia

Books

Captain of the first rank, A. S. Novikov-Priboy. The author’s vast life experience, uninterrupted connections with many people, including participants in the tragic sea voyage, his painstaking long-term work with historical sources...
Captain of the first rank, A. S. Novikov-Priboy. Alexey Silych Novikov-Priboy is known as a marine writer ("Sea Stories", the stories "The Sea is Calling", "Jumble Voyage", "Woman at Sea", the historical epic "Tsushima", etc.). Marine theme...

Worker-peasant origin.

When choosing his future path in life, the warrior genes won. I decided to enter the naval school. With the order of an old warrior, a veteran of World War II, a friend of his father, a local police officer and simply Vanya’s uncle: “Make your feet, son, and go as far as possible. May God grant you to become a man,” he set off on his journey. He entered and then successfully graduated from the S.O. Makarov in Vladivostok in 1978

He began his service as an officer as commander of a combat communications unit - head of the radio technical service of the most outdated submarine of the Black Sea Fleet, Project 613 "S-348" (commander captain 3rd rank Zhuchkov V.P.) as part of 153 UPL (brigade commander Rear Admiral Tsarev B.M. .), then 155 UPL (brigade commander captain 1st rank Karlov A.A.).

The intensity of service on this old ship taught us to fight for survivability, improve technical means, know the structure of the ship, control the boat, value people and male friendship. In combat service, we tested the operation of the PZM-400 underwater sound beacon system (invention of officer N.V. Shupletsov and senior midshipman O.K. Moiseenko of the 27th UPL), and discovered the operation of a similar Turkish system at lower frequencies. The effectiveness of low-frequency underwater emitters has made us think about improving and expanding the tactics of their combat use. While practicing combat training tasks with Romanian anti-submarine ships (PLC), the idea of creating an on-board acoustic jamming device was accidentally born for the first time. There, near Mangalia, they encountered the passive hydroacoustic system TACTASS (US Navy Knox-class frigate), WHAT IS EVIL 2- began to think about the possibility of counteracting detection. The decision was implemented later on the S-37.

In the summer of 1982, he was appointed senior officer on the Project 633 submarine “S-53” (commander, captain 2nd rank Anikin V.A.). The very first acquaintance with this boat aroused fantastic feelings towards this project. More advanced weapons, external frames, hull contours, screw attachments.

Is it true or not that, by order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy, Gorshkov S.G. a submarine of Project 633 was designed and entered the fleet: “As small and elusive as the naval Project 613, but as powerful as the oceanic Project 641.” Reactivation, commissioning of the ship into the permanent fleet readiness forces, medium repairs - gave knowledge of the structure of the ship, skills in its management, the ability to rationally organize repairs and unite the crew for the successful completion of the tasks set by the commander. Business connections and friendly relations were established with the luminaries of supply and repair of the Technical Directorate and departments of the Black Sea Fleet. Worked easily with management, builders, engineers and workers of Shipyard 13 (Kilen Bay).

By September 1985, I had everything: knowledge, experience, beliefs, ideas, plans, plus youth, energy and health - everything to get my ship and act. By the decision of the commander of the 14th DPL Black Sea Fleet, captain 1st rank Kravchenko V.A. I was nominated for the position of commander of the medium submarine “S-37” of project 633. I simply could not dream of greater happiness than commanding project 633, and even with an average repair at 13 shipyards. By order of the Commander-in-Chief of the USSR Navy, he was appointed commander of the S-37 on October 11, 1985.

The ship was in terrible condition. He was physically and mentally worn out and required urgent treatment. The batteries could barely breathe in the water, the durable case was not sealed, and there were cobwebs in the first compartment. The list could be continued indefinitely.

A couple of weeks later, the S-37 moored in the Southern Bay and came under the command of the commander of the 153rd UAV, Rear Admiral Boris Mikhailovich Tsarev. In due time, the boat was sent for repairs at the 13th Black Sea Fleet Shipyard. Convinced the brigade commander of the need to place the crew on the landing ship at the plant, worked out the autonomous organization and began repairs.

After returning from repair, the S-37 was the quietest submarine in the division for five years. Its real rivals in the Black and Mediterranean Seas were NATO submarines of the 209, Sauro and Agosta types. Upon arrival in November 1987 at the permanent base, i.e. Feodosia, 475 submarines under the command of Captain 1st Rank Anatoly Filippovich Lutsenko, his deputy for EMC, Captain 2nd Rank But Anatoly Vladimirovich, was the first to arrive on board. His assessment was unequivocal: “I feel the reliability of the ship more than ever.”

1988 was the year of formation of the warship. In April, the submarine "S-37" became part of the permanent readiness forces, in May it began combat duty in the fleet, and in June-July it participated in fleet exercises. Submarine detection ranges have exceeded expectations. If an advantage was expected in relation to the old boat projects 690 and 613, then when working with 641B it caused a touching feeling of satisfaction. And tests of a stationary passive hydroacoustic system in the area of the Main Fleet Base led to a war with the radio engineering department of the fleet.

Combat training began. "S-37" from 1988 to July 1993 took part in all exercises of the navy and navies of the Warsaw Pact countries. During this period, the success rate of torpedo firing was 92%, having completed 36 successful firings, one bad first PT-2 for violating the rules for torpedo firing PMS-B-7 (the torpedoes were spaced on opposite sides of the horizon of the attacked submarine) and the disappointingly failed prize firing in 1992 89 torpedoes were fired, not a single one was lost! I really loved to shoot and probably instilled an attacking passion in the entire crew. Three times “37” carried out combat duty in the fleet with a special combat unit of torpedoes (about two Nagasakis each) from 6 to 9 months, one combat duty in a mine version - eight months. The duty rating is “excellent”.

The ship's life span was colossal, in 1988 - two motor resources, in 1989 and 1990. the service life of the conscripts was extended twice, officers and midshipmen were extremely rarely at home, the tension in the service of conscript personnel was simply frantic. The outlet was tangerine trips to the Caucasus and relaxing voyages to the “partisans” in beautiful Odessa, then to the Golden Duke film festival, or on vacation in Kuyalnik. The sailors were proud of their ship and lovingly called the boat “Swallow”. Thanks to the senior assistant commander, captain 3rd rank, Konstantin Viktorovich Vinogradov, truly the head of the wardroom, a strong team of officers and midshipmen rallied on the boat, the organization of the service was easily and skillfully built - behind me I felt the strength of my crew, confidence in their reliability, otherwise I did not risk it would be different

times excessively. “S-37” was the best in the division for two years (1990 and 1991). It especially stood out for its long shooting distances.

I would like to describe the fundamentally important moments of the S-37 during the period of my command, which gave the submarine fleet something that not every combat unit was able to give.

FIRST BAPTISM OF FIRE
"MPZM-400"

During the exercise, the submarine had to search for a KON convoy with the execution of BU NT-4 “Attack of a detachment of warships (convoy).” Before going to sea, I asked the commander of the B-380, Captain 2nd Rank Panasenko I.V. receive my MPZM-400 soundgrams, and since my area was located to the west of it, after the shooting I will give him the time, place and parameters of the KON movement.

Everything turned out great. "S-37" successfully carried out shooting and attacked the original convoy detachment walking along the coast. While I was following the bearing to the informers of my torpedoes, I transmitted a soundgram three times, something like this

meant "Call" - "Latitude 44° 30" north" "Space" "Longitude 34° 32" east" "Space" "Course 76°" "Space" "Speed 9 knots." Ivan Vasilyevich received all my training and combat audiograms. Range was 14-18 miles, excellent quality. Other boats also listened to the signals, but, naturally, the commanders did not understand anything; the range of reliable reception was about 50 miles (there were simply no boats at a greater distance). Quite a good experience for practicing joint actions of submarines in tactical groups, although according to the TRPL this is not provided for diesel submarines. Similar targeting has been used repeatedly. The following year, at the naval exercises of the Warsaw Pact countries in Bulgaria, this point of decision on the implementation of combat missions and again during the KON attack was approved by the head of the exercises. In addition to the S-37 and Bulgarian submarines of the same project, the group included the Project 651 missile submarine B-318 (Commander Captain 1st Rank Babenko A.Ya.). The result is positive, the boat is marked with the “Best Exercise Ship” pennant.

1989 was a year of growth and consolidation of the skills of the S-37 crew. Three main episodes:

Episode one. “Attack of Kunakhovich*

MPK "Kunakhovich* project 1141. The first anti-submarine ship on which I went to sea as an intermediary in July 1989. The ship recently came out of repair to replace the right wing. The ship was unable to reach the design speed of 80 knots and was limited to the Shelon State Joint Stock Company with a lowered hydroacoustic base (GAB) - a masterpiece of science and industry. Under type III hydrological conditions, the submarine "S-376" was discovered on an acute heading angle at a distance of about 60 cables. One such winged cockerel is worth two KPUGs of the 30th division of the PLC.

Having received a combat order to carry out BU NT-3, I had to remember all the details from the time of lowering and raising the main thruster, being in a displacement state until reaching the wing and inertia until the ship came to a complete stop at the point of lowering the main thruster. The task is to ensure firing from a distance that allows the torpedoes to enter the target’s wake and catch it up to a speed of 28 knots. Otherwise, the torpedoes simply will not catch up with the target in a displacement state that ensures the activation of the proximity fuse. In this case, the angle of entry of torpedoes into the wake (angle of attack) according to calculations should be from 45° to 135°. We had to obtain specific information about the ship and take into account its weaknesses. The information was obtained during a feast with my former neighbor, the flagship RTS 68 BrPL Yuri Kuzmin, and he did not really understand the reason for my curiosity. As a result:

The time intervals and standards for the combat use of the GAB SJSC “Shelon” were clarified;

The ship's weaknesses have been identified.

The KBR carefully carried out calculations with the live participation of divisional miner Captain 3rd Rank Melnik V.A. I worked out for myself the algorithms of actions and selection of shooting options.

1st option: firing two torpedoes

when approaching a jump (accelerating the MPC) - the probability of covertly occupying a firing position and ensuring torpedo attack angles to the wake of 45° ± 135° is no more than 20%. Approach with type 1 GLU at maximum depths (-220 ± 250 m), sharp heading angles and a stroke that ensures ascent to the shooting depth (100 m).

2nd option: firing two torpedoes when exiting from a jump (reducing the speed of the MPK) - the probability of being in a firing position with maneuvering into the calculated firing area, providing torpedo attack angles to the wake of 45° ± 135°, is no more than 25%.

And the third option: 1st and 2nd, one torpedo each.

In the end, we didn’t suffer for long. On the third jump, the second option worked successfully!

We had to diligently maneuver in depth and course, taking into account isobaths, ensuring secrecy and working conditions for the CBD to determine the Kunakhovich CPDC. It was something like walking through a minefield, you don’t know whether you’ve been discovered or not. It was tempting to give the IPC a false target. V. Vashchuk seemed to instinctively feel the “feathered” one in all modes of movement and in drift. The crew ensured the “Silence” mode with complete seriousness. It seemed like everyone was listening to outboard noises. Luck and fortune accompanied our calculations.

Episode two.

First shooting with "Ticks"

Two months later, naval exercises took place on the eve of the Warsaw Pact exercises. According to the combat order, “S-37” was to attack a detachment of warships (BU NT-4). Composition of the OBK: the main target is the BOD "Komsomolets of Ukraine" of project 61, security ships - 3 SKR of project 1135. Hydrological conditions are not favorable for submarines. The faintly pronounced shock layer was located at a depth of only 15 hours 20 meters, that is, the near-surface underwater sound channel is in the range of dangerous depths. The weak point of the “37” was the lack of experience in periscope attacks (all attacks were purely acoustic). Poor training “commander - mechanic - boatswain” and the individual technical features of the ship itself during the ascent maneuver on the periscope created an increased risk to the detriment of safety and secrecy. There was confidence that the sonar signals and the incredible noise of the fleet elite would provide sufficient conditions to detect and monitor the maneuvering of the PLC.

The forecasts were confirmed. I maneuvered around the center of the area. The CBD worked smoothly. At a distance of about 100 cables, separate direction finding of targets began using GPS signals. “Komsomolets” unmasked itself by the periodic operation of the Platina sonar against the background of the “Titans”. Operating only with underbody sonars assumed a target speed of 18 ± 20 knots. At a distance of ~60 ± 80 cables, the noise of the propellers came through, and a pattern of the order was revealed. I maneuvered into the center of the noise. Finding myself almost under the escort ship at firing depth and in the firing position, I was waiting for the target to turn around. And then the noise disappeared, the main target entered the shadow zone at a distance of -30 cables. “Leningrad” left PTTS (torpedo firing control devices) to accompany the main target in “automatic mode”. It remained to effectively evaluate the maneuvering of the end escort ship, but noise contact with it was also lost. All that remained was to go to the periscope. I started circulating on the general course of OBK and suddenly - happiness! The clear noise of the whistling turbines of the “Singing Frigate” (BPK 61 project), i.e. the main target, is directly overhead. Shooting at the main target in pursuit with "pincers" from a distance of 8 cables. The guidance of the torpedoes was ensured, and the stealth of the S-37 was also ensured. The rear guard ship was attacked from the stern torpedo tubes.

Upon arrival at the base, accusations of dangerous maneuvering on the periscope began. The presence on board of the division's flagship navigator, Captain 2nd Rank V.A. Mishin, helped. The masters of periscope attacks did not believe in such shooting without surfacing. However, this is how the winners are not judged! "Excellent" rating.

Episode three. "Lucky Turk"

Also in 1989, in August or September, when entering Balaklava Bay, the main propeller electric motor (GGPM) on the left side failed.

They gave us three days to fix the problem and issued a combat order for a control search. While the mechanic alone fought with Tekhupr, tried to call specialists from the 13th SRZ for a fee, the combat order was changed three times. I more accurately understood the task verbally set by the division commander, Rear Admiral V.A. Kravchenko. I understood his intention as I did. From Feodosia, 12 hours before going to sea, they called the deputy division commander for EMC, captain 2nd rank Dmitriev I.I., as if he could replace the engine. Circumstances forced me to make a criminal decision and go to sea with only one GGED. There was complete calm, and the maneuver to exit the bay under the right engine was not problematic. After a day of transition in various modes of movement in the surface and submerged positions, the S-37 occupied a search area 40 miles from Eregli and Amasr. Reconnaissance of the activities of the Turkish fleet forces in combat training areas was carried out with a deliberate loss of secrecy. False soundgrams of the MPZM-400 were periodically emitted, noise was generated by the interference device, and negotiations of the ZPS were simulated.

A day later, they surfaced and began moving to the control search area for Turkish submarines southwest of Cape Sarych. The transition was carried out under diesel engines on jumps, periodically drifting. The idea was to attract the attention of Turkish forces and intelligence assets.

Before diving in the search zone, we lay in a drift and examined the horizon visually and with all technical means of observation for several hours. Visibility was excellent, radar visibility was very long. All target information was recorded. About half an hour after diving to the right 132°, the noise of the propellers was detected. The acoustician classified the contact a minute after the command. Stuttering slightly, Bashchuk reported: “The noise of the submarine’s propellers.” At first I entered into a debate with him, saying he wanted and heard. Vasily Nikolaevich showed that the tooth was torn off. First mate K. Vinogradov and I took turns putting on headphones. Then I carried out a set of measures to confirm the noise classification: I surfaced on the periscope, looked around and carried out reconnaissance, slowly “rudder right 3°” changed course towards the target by 20°, convinced myself that there were several

some stable discrete And only after that he approved the classification “submarine”. There were analogues of tape recordings of various diesel-electric submarines, but this was clearly not the Balao. Approved project 209. In principle, there cannot be anything else. Continuing the smooth circulation, “37” found itself on the stern heading angles of the “Turks”. Having surfaced to transmit a radiogram three times about the detection of a foreign submarine, without waiting for a receipt, contact was still briefly lost. The Turkish commander identified signs of his detection and began maneuvering with a smooth change in course, depth and increasing speed. The bearing to the Turk changed slowly, but Vasily heard the increase in speed. Having placed MRB-206 with the latest information, I decided to actively maintain contact. From the very first sending of the “Arktika” an echo was received at a distance of 16 cables. Having switched to the “right small forward” movement, three minutes later they again sent a message according to the noise bearing. Distance 19 cables. And so for another 6 ± 7 minutes, we, together with the Turk, increased the speed, maneuvering in a spiral, but only his leg was all right, and the “37” one-legged one was not up to standard. "Arktika" barely had time to charge the storage devices. Contact was lost at a distance of about 24 cables. Floated up. Continuing to move on the tracking course, I established a VHF connection via a repeater with the operational officer of my division and reported the situation. Soon a Be-12 arrived and set up a semi-circular barrier of radio sonobuoys (RSAB). The pilot did not detect the activation of the buoys, and I received a command from the fleet to walk along the barrier under the diesel engines. I walked around. They didn't work.

Lucky Turk. But it was in territorial waters. If I could raise it or confirm contact with buoys, I wouldn’t have to listen to a bunch of nasty things from smart guys of all stripes. One can only envy the Turkish submariners - excellent batteries.

Almost under diesel engines I entered Balaklava. The boat was checked according to the full scheme. Why is there a bad connection, why is there dirt on the boat; why did you take so long and where did you come? But they did not focus on the engine malfunction. And Ivan Ilyich Dmitriev was waiting for the “37th”. worried and, of course, repaired the left GGED. We were both glad that we weren't punished. A month later, Vasily Bashchuk and I were rewarded with valuable gifts (Elektronika watches) - the Leningrad Institute confirmed the noises of the Project 209 submarine and the phonogram of noises in the RTS was replenished. The desire to report on the discovery of a foreign submarine has disappeared.

"FIRST PERISCOPE ATTACK"

1990 started well. During the dock repairs, the RDP gas pipeline was put in order, which created problems during diving and ascent and control of the submarine at periscope depth. I started focusing on periscope attacks in training. Commander of the warhead-3, captain-lieutenant Fedorenko I.V. worked as a torpedo electrician to enter data into torpedo X, and X 2 , that is, the angles of the first and second turns from the center post. This allowed salvoes to be fired in 8 ± 10 seconds. A special metrist training method was used to develop visual memory and accuracy of radar data output in the “one-view” mode. Navigator Captain-Lieutenant Andrei Yastrebov skillfully tracked four targets simultaneously on the tablet.

Exactly one year after the Komsomolets of Ukraine attack, under the same hydrological conditions and in the same area, the S-37 carried out the first periscope attack. The detachment of warships had a similar composition, only instead of the Komsomolets of Ukraine, the main target was the anti-submarine cruiser Moskva.

A group target was detected by sonar and radar at a distance of about 30 miles. Separate direction finding at 120 kbt. “Moscow” was identified immediately. Noise contact was lost at the estimated current distance of about 60 cables. Having broken through the jump layer at 20 meters, I surfaced on the periscope and discovered that the target was turning directly towards itself. The distance to the main target was 61 cables. From a depth of 40 meters he fired with pincers from a distance of 52 cables. The angles of the first and second rotation of the torpedoes were calculated on the Sh-26 tablet using our own method. The point is to throw the torpedo into the firing position at the point of the second turn. And the second turn is with a lead angle f° from abeam the target, providing an angle of entry into the wake jet of 90° from a distance of 10 cables, covering the range of errors in the course or turn of the target after firing ± 30°. The escort ship was attacked from the stern torpedo tubes by two SAET-60M torpedoes. It looked something like this:

The division and naval headquarters officers, who observed the progress of the torpedoes by the shots of the signal rackets, spoke with delight about the breathtaking spectacle. They sighed as the rackets flew towards the cruiser and onto the deck. This shooting is analyzed at the second VSOC of the Russian Navy.

In August 1991, the command of the Black Sea Fleet and Navy decided to combine the inspection of the MoD of the southwestern group of forces with the inspection of the Black Sea Fleet. Everyone was preparing hard. The naval part of the fleet exercises was planned from August 17 to 21. According to the combat order, “S-37” was supposed to carry out BU NT-3 and BU NT-4 for DESO with reloading of torpedo tubes. The submarine was on combat duty in a mine version. Mines were unloaded in Feodosia, and practical torpedoes were received and loaded in Balaklava. Somehow, the exercises began incomprehensibly. The commanders of the boats participating in the events, with decisions drawn up on maps to complete the assigned tasks, waited for the report from 09.00 to 18.00 in the cabins of 153 UAVs. But they didn’t wait. The operational duty officer brought to us the order of the brigade commander: “There will be no hearing, act in accordance with combat orders.” This caused us bewilderment, a cheerful mood, and we gathered in the cabin at the table to accompany the commander of the B-36, captain 2nd rank Vasily Lyashko, to the academy. The feast ended at two o'clock in the morning in a restaurant on Sapun Mountain. I arrived on the ship in Balaklava just in time for departure. I had the most distant area, and “37” was the first to deploy. This happened for the first time in the entire service. We left the bay, trimmed and began a covert transition to our combat area. 28 hours underwater. At a distance of 9 miles from Cape Sarych, he decided to surface on a periscope for reconnaissance. I listened and examined the horizon, clearly. Through the periscope, the horizon is clear, hazy, sunny, the sea is completely calm. The airwaves are empty, no combat or false radiograms, no emissions. I scanned the horizon with radar in a “single survey”, not a soul. I thought: “Serious exercises?!” Lay down on a course of 180°, stern towards Sarych, and blew through the middle one. We went up to the bridge with the first mate. We raised the direction-finding “Frame” and armed the “Shtyr” antenna. Navigator and head of the RTS on periscopes. There is an eight-mile “presidential security zone”; the president is vacationing on Foros.

Literally five minutes later we received a radiogram with the call sign “UMS, UMS, UMS” (to all warships at sea) via Globus (long-distance communication). We looked at each other with the first mate, “Is something wrong?!” He ordered that the RDO be handed over to the cryptographer. The naval operational-tactical communications networks continued radio silence. “It’s unclear again?!” At the same time, a decrypted radiogram and a telegram from ZAS with the same content were brought onto the bridge. “To all submarines of the USSR Navy,” tactical numbers are listed, approximately more than 30 units, including “S-37,” “surface to the surface, proceed to permanent bases.” Subscription number (literally 15 or 20 minutes before the reception, Commander-in-Chief. Okay, we, but judging by the tactical numbers of the “K” tanks were on combat duty somewhere in the oceans. “But not war - that’s for sure!” At this time, a directive from the Chief of the General Staff The Navy "S-37" was listed as part of the 155 BrPL, and loaded practical weapons there. The boat is part of the fleet duty forces, and the military weapons remained in Feodosia. The dilemma, what is more important? Either restore readiness, but there is no order from the Commander, or follow in Balaclava to clarify the situation. Wrote a radiogram: "Surfaced, no comments. Set adrift Latitude and Longitude. Please indicate the return point. Subscription number." Began charging the batteries in the drift and bombing all networks with his radiogram. No receipt. Tactical 810, 828 - the radio networks are silent, no one answers call signs on VHF in naval networks, for some reason the repeater doesn’t work?!

I received the report “The table is set in the wardroom.” After lunch, I looked at the dacha with curiosity through binoculars. Everything is quiet.

At about 20.00 we approached Feodosia. I received an order from the fleet command to restore readiness to two hours in four hours and stand with my nose to the exit. Attempts to convince that it was impossible to unload six torpedoes and load 2 torpedoes and 12 mines in four hours did not lead to success. After entering the outer roadstead of Feodosia, in violation of security measures, he gave the command to install a torpedo-loading device on the upper deck, moored with the installed transport hub. For the first time I saw how a coastal base should work - a truck crane was standing on the pier, ready for loading, and a torpedo was delivered to the pier by the forces of the coastal base (usually the submariners rolled them themselves). The heads of the coastal base services were standing there, and everyone was interested in what supplies needed to be replenished. The reloading of ammunition into the nose began, which continued until 4 am on August 20. Seeing that the crew was already “collapsed”, and yet the stern tanks still needed to be overloaded, I decided to give the people a rest until 9 am. At 9 a.m. we turned our bow towards the exit, created a trim to the bow, and began reloading the stern tanks. We finished at about 11 o'clock, prohibited going ashore, raised the ladder aboard and sat down when ready to leave (or rather, everyone just simply slept off). It all ended on the morning of August 21st. It’s funny and bitter to even remember what happened in Feodosia later.

NEW FLEET COMMANDER

News of the change of Fleet Commander "S-37" found in October 1991. I liked the short telegrams from the ZAS: “Took over command of the fleet. Kasatonov”, “Checked 41 BrRK. A checkpoint sailor without a collar, naked women on the staff's bedside tables, dead cockroaches in the ceiling of the duty officer's cabin, garbage burning in the trash cans, the duty officer on duty is not shaved. Didn't make it to the ships. The rating is a solid two. Kasatonov." and so on. From Alakhadzy (Caucasian coast), “37” was called to Balaklava. The commander of the 14th DiPL, Captain 1st Rank Fedor Ivanovich Pogorelov, set me the task of preparing the boat for inspection by the Fleet Commander, a period of two days. The division commander even hinted that his next rank may depend on the results of the review. The promised assistance in paint, grease, mooring lines and rags, of course, was not forthcoming. The commander of the division's barracks answered calmly that we were not on pay, the division commander could not order him, and in general he did not care who Kasatonov was. The Balaklava father-commanders helped out as much as they could, and in the morning before the inspection they brought ten sets of new overalls, ten pairs of gloves and lubricants from Feodosia. The boat had not seen paint for almost six months, since the May holidays. The body is rusty, like after a six-month battery life. I had to urgently rub the entire body with various lubricants until it shined. Even the Comflot flag had rust stains, which were covered with 2 grade flour. In general, ingenuity helped to show off brilliance, and the fighters always had knowledge. Having completed the ritual of welcoming the Fleet Commander, the inspection of the ship began from the first compartment. The commander with the carrier inspected the equipment like a true submariner, the questions were professional and specific. From the very first compartment the admiral liked everything, and most of all the brave appearance and smiles of the foremen and sailors. The second compartment consolidated the success established by the first. At the central post, I became interested in my stories about the Proba BPP, the work done to reduce noise, and improve technology. Almost everything was ordered to be taken into account. Then the review practically turned into getting to know the sailors, with questions more about their mood, desire to serve, ability to swim, etc. In the seventh compartment, I asked for the youngest one. He demanded to know the procedure and rules for exiting the sunken submarine through the entrance hatch. The answer was correct. There he also made an entry in the ZhBP about the inspection and two comments:

The Fleet Commander's overalls are not signed.
The submarine commander should replace the “crab” on the cap.

We came out through the seventh hatch, and I was stunned. The viewing lasted about an hour. During this time, light rain began and the body was painted with streaks of all the colors of the rainbow from the lubricant. Moreover, there are the same ripples in the water around the hull. Allegedly supporting the Fleet Commander by the elbow, I tried to speed up the maneuver to deliver him to the pier.

Already on the transition to Feodosia I read a telegram from the ZAS: “Conducted an inspection of the submarine “S-37” 14 DiPL. “Excellent” rating. The best ship of the Black Sea Fleet. Kasatonov."

One could describe many “everyday” moments on the S-37.

This is a repair at sea, with the creation of back pressure in the central processing plant, before deep-sea testing of the high-speed valve of the central processing plant. The professionalism of the mechanic Sergei Novogribelsky, the bilge workers led by the foreman of the bilge machinists team Nikolai Trublin, the mutual assistance of the CPU soldiers who helped the bilge workers and the composure and endurance of the brigade commander Vladimir Aleksandrovich Popov.

This is a risky entrance to Balaklava in a storm of 4 ± 5 points with a wind from a wind tunnel of up to 25 m/s with a cool and confident sailor-brigade commander Vladimir Prokopyevich Zhuchkov.

This is a difficult entry under a diesel engine into Poti under the same difficult conditions, when the division navigator refused to carry out the duties of a navigator with an entry in the logbook. The boat had no navigational incidents.

The S-37 was one of the first to be withdrawn from the fleet. The commander of the fleet granted my request and transferred it through ARVI to the national economy for the creation of a functioning museum.

The identification systems and ZAS were dismantled from the ship; everything else, down to the screws, was untouched and in good working order. And here “37” was the first. Only, as always, the idea was misunderstood and trampled. Most likely it’s my own fault for not finishing everything. It's just hard to break through a routine. Together with the ship, I, the midshipmen and young officers retired to the reserve: we understood that it would be even worse. There is nowhere and nothing to continue serving. They lowered the flag and jack themselves, with their own crew. *S-37 has always been one of our own, but alien and independent. They didn’t say thank you to us before the formation and didn’t shake our hands. In my absence in Feodosia, the businessman owner turned the S-37 into needles. Arriving in Sevastopol at Vtormet, I cried and touched the torn body of my ship lying on the shore. In the compartments during routine tests, original mechanisms and instruments were located and still emitted light and heat. It would be better if you died like "348".

One could say everything about perestroika and its results, but now it is obvious to everyone.

I would like to believe that the history of Russian submarine forces does not end today.