What does glycerin help with? We reveal the secrets of what liquid glycerin is for. Holiday conditions and price

Instructions for use of the liquid form of glycerin is a medical document that displays the chemical composition of the substance, its belonging to a specific pharmacological group, indications for use in medicine, cosmetology.

The properties of glycerin, side effects and contraindications for use in relation to people with concomitant diseases or individual intolerance to polyhydric alcohol are described.

Instructions for use of an inorganic substance - liquid glycerin says that this is one of the simplest trihydric alcohols, which is indicated by the formula C3H5 (OH) 3.

Due to its polyatomic nature, glycerin differs from conventional alcohol compounds. It has a sweet taste and is very thick in texture. It is highly soluble in water, acids, hydrogen-based substances.

How is liquid glycerin obtained?

For the first time, the chemical compound glycerol was derived and designated by the formula by the German scientist Karl Scheele (1779), as a by-product of saponification of fats with lead oxides.

Modern methods for the synthesis of glycerol are based on the thermal decomposition of propylene. This substance is subjected to abundant chlorination at a temperature of +500 °C. As a result of a chemical reaction, an intermediate substance is obtained - allyl chloride.

Thereafter, hypochlorous acid is added thereto to obtain chlorohydrin. The final step in the synthesis of glycerol is the saponification of chlorohydrin with alkali compounds. This method is considered the least expensive from a material point of view, and also allows you to get high-quality polyhydric alcohol with minimal impurities of other chemicals.

Also, glycerin can be extracted from wood flour, corn or potato starch, monosaccharides. To do this, use the technique of glycolic fermentation, during which the sugars are subjected to chemical hydrogenation.

In addition, there is a method by which glycerin is obtained by oxidizing propylene to obtain the substance acrolein (it is characterized by increased toxicity, has carcinogenic properties, and causes oncology).

After that, the finished acrolein and isopropyl vapor are passed through a catalyst containing oxides of magnesium and zinc. The intermediate product of the chemical reaction is allyl alcohol. Under temperature conditions from 190 to 270 degrees Celsius, when interacting with hydrogen peroxide, the chemical is converted into liquid glycerin.

Description of the release form

Liquid glycerin, the instructions for use of which states that it is a syrupy substance that does not have a pronounced color and odor, is completely transparent. It is considered a hygroscopic chemical.

The pharmacological form of release of glycerin is a dermal solution for external use. In pharmacy chains, it can be found in 50 ml glass vials or plastic tubes of the same volume.

pharmachologic effect

Glycerin is a chemical substance whose main pharmacological action is to have a softening effect on epithelial tissues. Also, polyhydric alcohol has found wide application as a cheap solvent for such organic compounds as protargol, boric acid, tannin.

When interacting with the skin surface, glycerin does not show an active chemical reaction, saturating only its surface layer. At the same time, the drug is able to penetrate the mucous membranes of the human body.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

Liquid glycerin, the instructions for use of which states that the pharmacodynamics of the chemical lies in its neutral action with respect to the skin surface, is a good solvent.

It is able to moisturize the epithelium, preventing the formation of cracks, as well as excessive dryness of the skin. It is used as an auxiliary substance in some gels and creams. The pharmacokinetics of glycerol has not yet been studied, and there are no data on clinical studies in this direction.

Indications and scope

Liquid glycerin has found wide application in the medical, industrial, and cosmetic industries.

Glycerin in cosmetology

In the modern cosmetic industry, glycerin is used as an integral part of the nutritional base to provide the skin with sufficient moisture. Polyhydric alcohol is recommended to be used as part of nourishing creams for the face, hands and feet, if you need to achieve the following cosmetic effect:

Liquid glycerin contained in the composition of a cosmetic product, which is applied in a room with dry and hot air, has a lifting effect. If the task is to achieve moistening of the epithelial surface, then the microclimate of the room should be warm, as well as with an air humidity of at least 70%.

Glycerin in neurology

Glycerin liquid, the instructions for use of which says that it has no direct indications for use in neurology, is used as a means of symptomatic or permanent therapy. Some neuropathologists prescribe this polyhydric alcohol to their patients as an adjuvant in combination with other drugs.

Glycerin is used in neurology in the presence of the following diseases:

cerebral stroke- used as a means to reduce swelling of the brain and shorten the rehabilitation period;
intracranial pressure- it is believed that the substance improves blood circulation, prevents the stagnation of venous blood;
traumatic brain injury- It has been proven that small doses of glycerin accelerate the recovery period of damaged tissues, minimizing the negative consequences of the disease.

Unauthorized treatment of neurological diseases with drugs based on glycerin is unacceptable. The medication should be prescribed exclusively by a specialized specialist. Especially when it comes to pathologies such as stroke or traumatic brain injury.

Glycerin in general medicine

Liquid glycerin, the instructions for use of which states that in general medicine the substance is used as a solvent or auxiliary base for ointments, creams, medicinal gels, indicated in the presence of the following diseases:

Despite the fact that glycerin is actively used in general medicine, the active components of drugs are other chemical compounds that have a more powerful pharmacological formula.

Contraindications

Polyhydric alcohol is not a particularly harmful chemical, but still, like any other drug, it has a number of contraindications.

They consist in the following restrictions on the use of glycerin, both in medicine and for cosmetic purposes:

Depending on the type of disease, as well as the condition of the skin, the doctor prescribing treatment may find other factors that exclude the possibility of using glycerin for therapeutic purposes.

Side effects

The manufacturer does not provide a separate list of specific body reactions that could be classified as side effects. The drug is well tolerated even by patients who have an individual tendency to allergic dermatitis.

Instructions for use of glycerin, dosage

The procedure for using liquid glycerin as the main or auxiliary drug depends on the age category of the patient, as well as the intended use of polyhydric alcohol.

Glycerin for adults

There are several methods for treating the skin surface using glycerin. If the drug is used in its pure form, and not as part of creams, ointments or gels, then during its application, the following dosage rules must be observed.

Type of therapy	Procedure and dose
Epithelial surface treatment	Dilute the drug in warm water in a ratio of 1 to 3, and then evenly distribute over the treated area of the skin. With dermatitis, or with excessive dryness of the epithelial cover, this therapeutic procedure is done 2 times a day for 10 days.
mucous membrane	Moisturizing and bactericidal applications are performed. For this, a 30% solution of glycerin is used, which lubricates the damaged area of \u200b\u200bthe mucosa. Most often used as an adjuvant in the treatment of inflammatory processes.

Glycerin for children

According to the instructions for the use of glycerin, the safety and efficacy of the drug in children has not been clinically established. Despite this, some pediatricians recommend that parents use polyhydric alcohol as a prophylactic and antibacterial agent, lubricating the child's nostrils before going outside in the cold season.

Glycerin for newborns

The chemical is not used as a therapeutic agent for newborns. Clinical studies have not been conducted, so the manufacturer of the drug does not have this information.

According to the instructions, many cosmetics contain liquid glycerin, even children's creams.

Glycerin during pregnancy and breastfeeding

During pregnancy or breastfeeding, polyhydric alcohol compounds are used only when the benefit of the drug is greater than the potential for harm to the developing child.

In most cases, glycerin is not used by pregnant women. It is believed that polyhydric alcohol molecules can enter the mother's bloodstream, and therefore penetrate into the tissues of the fetus.

Overdose

In the entire history of the use of glycerin as the main or auxiliary drug, not a single case of overdose has been found.

This is due to the fact that the drug is practically not absorbed into the deep layers of the skin. When treating the mucous membrane, an overdose is also excluded, since the medication is applied to a limited area of \u200b\u200btissues.

Interaction

The result of interaction with other drugs is unknown, since clinical trials have not been conducted.
The fact that glycerin is included in most moisturizing creams, ointments and gels indicates a low chemical activity of the substance.

Terms of sale

To purchase a bottle of glycerin, you do not need a doctor's prescription, or reaching a certain age limit. The drug is freely available, does not belong to the category of narcotic substances and precursors. The drug can be found in retail pharmacy chains even in a small town.

Storage conditions

The drug must be stored in a dark and cool place, which will be inaccessible to children.

The conditions of the temperature regime must be observed without fail, which should not be higher than 25 degrees Celsius.

Higher rates can reduce the shelf life of the drug, and also lead to the loss of its pharmacological properties. If glycerin is stored at home, then a refrigerator is best suited for these purposes, inside which a separate shelf will be allocated.

Best before date

The recommended storage period for a bottle of glycerin, during which it does not lose its therapeutic properties, is 5 years. The manufacturer guarantees that if all the rules for storing the drug were observed, then during the specified period of time its components will not be subject to chemical decomposition.

special instructions

There are no direct medical contraindications, but still the drug should be used with caution by people with the following pathologies:

Despite the fact that glycerol is a polyhydric type alcohol, its use as a drug does not entail a decrease in reaction or concentration. Therefore, the drug is approved for the treatment of vehicle drivers, as well as operators of machines and equipment.

Price, where to buy glycerin in liquid form

Liquid glycerin, complete with detailed instructions for use, is sold in pharmacies. Until the 40s of the last century, this tool could be found in beauty salons and perfume stores.

Currently, it is a drug that is indirectly related to cosmetics. Also, the liquid form of glycerin is used as the basis for refilling electronic cigarettes.

Article formatting: Mila Fridan

Video about glycerin

How to use glycerin for beauty:

For the first time, the chemical compound glycerol was derived and designated by the formula by the German scientist Karl Scheele (1779), as a by-product of saponification of fats with lead oxides.

Vasoactive drugs

A large number of diseases in the elderly are associated with stroke. With them, negative consequences are often in the form of a loss of the ability to move, talk and think. But vasoactive drugs can avoid or slow down these processes.

They significantly improve the blood supply to nerve cells. Vasoactive drugs are divided into several groups. The choice of a specific remedy, the determination of the dose and treatment regimen is made by the doctor:

Myotropic antispasmodics improve blood supply to the brain tissue - myotropic antispasmodics. The usual form of release of this group is tablets.
Angioprotectors - strengthen the walls of blood vessels and protect them from damage by atherosclerotic plaques, blood clots.
Substances that affect the metabolism in the nervous tissue - enhance cellular energy processes. Piracetam - is the basis of about 20 analogues, for example, pyratropil, lucetam, thiocetam, etc., in the name of which the word "piracetam" is present.
Vasoactive drugs that feed neurons.
neurotransmitter substances.

Nursing process is a scientifically sound nursing practice of managing patients based on the same standards. The goal of any nurse is always to care for the sick.

The nurse gives the doctor all the information about the patient's condition (BP, temperature, respiratory rate, pulse, heart rate, rhythm); his mood background; to self-care skills.

She can report on the patient's nursing diagnosis; she must be aware of the patient's reaction to his disease and condition; teach him self-help techniques, preventive measures outside the hospital walls.

A successful nursing process in neurology means: mastering the basic nursing manipulations in any area of work: at rest, at the post, in the treatment room, ward.

She is obliged to know the main neurological nosologies, signs of urgency of conditions and algorithms of actions for them; blockades, puncture when taking CSF, be able to perform them; know the main drugs in neurology (doses, routes of administration, side effects.

Methods of examination in neurology - begin with a neurological examination.

To make a diagnosis, a neurological examination is based on three points: a visual initial examination of the patient and anamnesis; analysis of his heredity; conducting instrumental and clinical examinations.

Specifically, a neurological examination should consist of an assessment of the state of consciousness and its violations; orientation in personality and space; check and analysis of cerebral symptoms; detection of pathologies when checking the work of the craniocerebral insufficiency; checking reflexes; assessment of the motor sphere and detection of its violations.

pharmachologic effect

How much does glycerin cost

Glycerin has received its widespread use due to its modest cost. In Russia, on average, its price ranges from 8.5 rubles to 27 rubles for a standard bottle of 25-40 g.

The table shows the average price by regions of Russia for 2016.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

Liquid glycerin, the instructions for use of which states that the pharmacodynamics of the chemical lies in its neutral action with respect to the skin surface, is a good solvent.

Hair Recipes

"Lamination"
: mix warmed 1 tsp olive and 1 tsp. burdock oils, add 1 tsp. glycerol, vitamin E (ampoule), stir. Wash off after 60 minutes.
Moisturizing:
take 3 tsp. glycerin, 3 tsp apple cider vinegar (can be replaced with lemon juice), add 3 egg yolks, knead everything. The mixture is washed off with warm water. Hair masks are recommended to be done in courses: 8 sessions for 2 months. A prerequisite: after applying the mixture, the curls are hidden under a plastic cap, and warmed with a towel on top, held for 30-60 minutes, then they wash their hair with shampoo.
Hand bath.
Ingredients: half a liter of warm water, 2 tbsp. l. starch, 20 ml of glycerol. Keep your hands in the liquid while the water is warm, then pat your skin dry with a towel.
Soothing mixture for heels.
To make the heels smooth and soft again - smear them with such a home-made remedy at night: mix glycerin with ammonia (1: 1), apply to the skin, do not wash off. The mixture is effective, only because of the ammonia it has an unpleasant odor.

GLYCEROL. WHAT IT IS FOR.

Glycerin refers to alcohols and is a viscous, colorless, sweetish liquid with no odor. The layman is most accustomed to observe it in medicines or among the ingredients in cosmetics. But, in fact, this substance has an incredibly wide range of uses.

1. The most common use of glycerin is in cosmetology. It can often be found in the composition of many cosmetic products, such as creams, masks, lotions, soaps, etc. Given the emollient properties of glycerin, it is mainly cosmetics aimed at combating dry skin.

2. Practical women quickly understood the principle of glycerin and use it at home, bypassing industrial cosmetics. Glycerin is added to homemade face masks, creams, tonics, hair sprays, lip balms. It is also indispensable in the treatment of cracks and rough skin on the heels. It is used with pleasure in home and technical soap making.

3. Another area where glycerin has proven itself is medicine and pharmacology. In external use, it is used to heal and moisturize the affected areas of the skin, being an excellent antiseptic. Included in many healing ointments, gels and creams, syrups, and also increases the viscosity of some drugs.

4. For internal use, glycerin is given for coughing, intracranial and intraocular pressure, glaucoma, and constipation. For the last ailment, there are special candles that can be used from the first months of life. Glycerin has contraindications: diabetes mellitus, liver or kidney disease.

5. In the food industry, glycerin is known as a food additive - stabilizer E422. With its help, they achieve the necessary consistency of raw materials in the manufacture of flour and confectionery products. Glycerin is used in the production of alcoholic beverages, in particular liqueurs. E422 extends the shelf life of finished products.

7. In the tobacco industry, glycerin is added to tobacco. Due to its hygroscopic properties, it regulates humidity and removes the characteristic unpleasant smell of cigarettes. To this end, glycerin is also included in e-cigarette cartridges.

8. Nitroglycerin is used in the military industry. It is used to dilute gunpowder and make explosives. Nitroglycerin is part of the fuel used in large military equipment. It also helps to cool the barrels of guns after long skirmishes.

9. And of course, you can not ignore the benefits of glycerin in the home. Stains that are difficult to remove from berries or coffee, for example, are well washed with a mixture of salt and glycerin in equal proportions.

Add a little pharmacy glycerin to your water to clean floors or furniture - this will give them a fresh look and shine. Genuine leather items such as bags, jackets and shoes will last longer and look newer when rubbed with glycerin.

Due to its unique properties, the component described above is successfully used in the textile, leather, paper and paint industries. Glycerin is also involved in the production of plastics, resins, cellophane, detergents, silicone candles. It is difficult to find another such versatile and multifunctional substance.

Indications and scope

Liquid glycerin has found wide application in the medical, industrial, and cosmetic industries.

Glycerin in cosmetology

Glycerin in neurology

Glycerin is used in neurology in the presence of the following diseases:

cerebral stroke- used as a means to reduce swelling of the brain and shorten the rehabilitation period;
intracranial pressure- it is believed that the substance improves blood circulation, prevents the stagnation of venous blood;
traumatic brain injury- It has been proven that small doses of glycerin accelerate the recovery period of damaged tissues, minimizing the negative consequences of the disease.

Glycerin in general medicine

Despite the fact that glycerin is actively used in general medicine, the active components of drugs are other chemical compounds that have a more powerful pharmacological formula.

Application in food

In the food industry, glycerin is often used: in the production of sweets, marshmallows, chocolate, pasta - for stickiness, bakery products - for splendor and softness; chewing gum, soft drinks.

Vegetable diet for weight loss

To increase the shelf life, dried fruits are treated with liquid glycerin, and tea and coffee are treated to give a special taste.

But it is more difficult to buy food glycerin for home use, although it costs only 40-50 rubles; usually it is offered by small and large wholesale online stores.

You can also take medical glycerin for internal use (glycerol), with a high degree of purification - 99.8%. Some housewives prepare mastic for decorating cakes with liquid glycerin - this is not difficult. Dissolve, stirring, in 2 tbsp. warm water (about 70°C) gelatin (½ tsp), add glucose (½ tsp) and glycerin (2 tsp), stir until smooth. Gradually introduce powdered sugar (450 g) and knead (you can use your hands) until you get a smooth and not sticky dough. Such mastic, wrapped in a film, is stored for about 2 weeks; food coloring can be added during cooking.

Contraindications

Polyhydric alcohol is not a particularly harmful chemical, but still, like any other drug, it has a number of contraindications.

They consist in the following restrictions on the use of glycerin, both in medicine and for cosmetic purposes:

Method 5 for shine

To give the car a gloss, not only inside, but also outside, try diluting glycerin with water in the following proportion:

200 ml of water;
40 ml of glycerin.

The mixture must be applied to the cleaned surface of the car. After the next wash of your favorite car, soak a little clean rag in a freshly prepared solution and cover the entire surface of the car, including the windows, with the mixture. Small scratches will disappear from the surface of the body, and the paint will noticeably freshen up, even the matte finish begins to shine in the sun. This product will help extend the life of your vehicle's paintwork.

It is better to polish the car at a positive temperature and indoors.

Instructions for use of glycerin, dosage

The procedure for using liquid glycerin as the main or auxiliary drug depends on the age category of the patient, as well as the intended use of polyhydric alcohol.

Glycerin for adults

Glycerin for children

Glycerin for newborns

The chemical is not used as a therapeutic agent for newborns. Clinical studies have not been conducted, so the manufacturer of the drug does not have this information.

According to the instructions, many cosmetics contain liquid glycerin, even children's creams.

Glycerin during pregnancy and breastfeeding

During pregnancy or breastfeeding, polyhydric alcohol compounds are used only when the benefit of the drug is greater than the potential for harm to the developing child.

In most cases, glycerin is not used by pregnant women. It is believed that polyhydric alcohol molecules can enter the mother's bloodstream, and therefore penetrate into the tissues of the fetus.

How to make a mixture for different bubbles at home

There are a lot of recipes for making soap bubbles, since usually successful mixtures are obtained empirically.

A simple recipe with a minimum of ingredients

It only takes three ingredients to make it:

soft water (boiled, melted or distilled) - 300 ml;
detergent "Fairy" - 100 ml;
glycerin - 50 ml.

Cooking process:

Pour the required amount of warm water into the bowl.
We add Fairy.
Add glycerin.
Mix everything gently without raising foam.
Leave to infuse in the refrigerator for 24 hours.

The mixture is ready, you can blow bubbles.

An easy way to make soap bubbles - video

Recipe using sugar and baking powder

We use the following components:

distilled water - 300 ml;
soap base - 50 ml;
glycerin - 25 ml;
granulated sugar - 5 teaspoons;
baking powder - 1 teaspoon.

The process of preparing a mixture for soap bubbles:

Pour sugar and baking powder into the bottom of the container.
Add glycerin.
Pour in the detergent.
Fill all components with water.
Mix thoroughly without foam and leave to infuse for 12 hours.

After the soap film has become dense and solid, the bubbles are ready.

Soap bubbles with sugar - video

giant soap bubble recipe

Ingredients and their proportions:

distilled water - 400 ml;
dishwashing detergent "Fairy" - 100 ml;
glycerin -75 ml;
sugar - 5 teaspoons;
gelatin - 5 teaspoons.

Cooking process:

Soak gelatin, let it swell.
Strain gelatin, drain excess water.
Melt the mixture of gelatin and sugar on the stove, but do not boil.
Fill everything with water.
Add detergent and stir.
Leave to infuse for a day.

A mixture made according to this recipe produces large and strong bubbles.

Giant soap bubbles - video

There are a huge number of recipes for making soap bubbles on the Internet. Often they are similar in a set of components, less often in proportions. The main thing in cooking is to follow the basic recommendations and be ready for experiments. There is no universal recipe for soap bubbles, find the most suitable one for you and bring it to perfection!

Interaction

The result of interaction with other drugs is unknown, since clinical trials have not been conducted.

The fact that glycerin is included in most moisturizing creams, ointments and gels indicates a low chemical activity of the substance.

During pregnancy

Glycerin suppositories are one of the safest and most effective remedies for constipation during pregnancy. Due to their non-toxicity, they do not harm the mother and child. Suppositories can be used after childbirth, during lactation. They help with constipation caused by hormonal changes that affect intestinal motility, hemorrhoids, colon spasm, psychological fear of defecation (after rupture of the birth canal). To eliminate the fungus and candidiasis, pregnant women, even in the early stages of bearing a child, are allowed a 10% solution of borax in glycerin.

Storage conditions

The drug must be stored in a dark and cool place, which will be inaccessible to children.

The conditions of the temperature regime must be observed without fail, which should not be higher than 25 degrees Celsius.

Sensitivity

Sensitivity is the ability to perceive stimuli by the body when they come from outside or from organs and tissues within itself.

Sensitivity is of several types: deep and superficial. The concept of superficial includes: sensitivity to touch, high or low temperatures, pain.

The deep includes the muscular-articular feeling, weight and pressure; vibrations; sense of two-dimensional space. Sensitivity gives the body information about its external environment and its internal state and makes it possible for a person to orient himself in the external environment.

Sensitivity study

Ways to study pain sensitivity are to apply skin pricks with a pin or needle and the patient's responses. The sensitivity in different parts of the body is compared symmetrically. Tactile sensations are tested by applying various stimuli to the skin.

Types of some disorders of sensitivity

Anesthesia - its complete loss; hypoesthesia - an increase in the threshold of sensitivity; hyperesthesia - a decrease in the threshold of sensitivity. Polyesthesia is a reciprocal sensation of applying many stimuli to the impact of one.

Neuralgia - the appearance of pain along the nerve (for example, intercostal neuralgia).

Paresthesias are special feelings of numbness, crawling that appear without an irritant.

special instructions

There are no direct medical contraindications, but still the drug should be used with caution by people with the following pathologies:

Side effects and overdose

With the systematic use of glycerol, an overdose may develop. It is manifested by confusion, dry mouth, dizziness, increased thirst, dehydration, renal failure, arrhythmia. When it appears, symptomatic treatment is prescribed. Side effects are indicated in the instructions:

dehydration of tissues, allergies, burning, irritation of the skin and mucous membranes;
irritation of the rectum, violation of the act of defecation, catarrhal proctitis;
nausea, vomiting, thirst, hyperglycemic coma;
headache;
arrhythmia.

Price, where to buy glycerin in liquid form

Liquid glycerin, complete with detailed instructions for use, is sold in pharmacies. Until the 40s of the last century, this tool could be found in beauty salons and perfume stores.

Currently, it is a drug that is indirectly related to cosmetics. Also, the liquid form of glycerin is used as the basis for refilling electronic cigarettes.

Article formatting: Mila Fridan

Rehabilitation of neurological patients

Neurorehabilitation or rehabilitation in neurology is carried out with the following pathologies: MI, TBI, spinal cord injury, MS, Huntington's chorea, Parkinson's disease, neurological syndromes of the spine, cerebral palsy, ALS, polyneuropathy, NS pathology, hereditary, etc.

All diseases are divided into 2 groups:

The first is that a neurological defect exists and has been formed: the goal is to return and restore lost functions.
The second is hereditary and degenerative pathologies that are constantly progressing; here, the goal of rehabilitation is to reduce the main manifestations of pathology. Extrapyramidal system

Descending paths are included in 2 groups: the pyramidal path and the extrapyramidal system.

The pyramidal system is responsible for the accuracy and purposefulness of movements at the level of consciousness, while breathing, speech.

The extrapyramidal system is responsible for the coordination of involuntary movements, muscle tone, posture and its fixation, and organizes motor emotionality. The extrapyramidal system is involved in the regulation of movement outside the pyramidal system, since it is more ancient in phylogenesis.

The extrapyramidal system consists of: the cortex of the hemispheres; the basal nuclei; brain stem; cerebellum; pathways and motor neurons of the spinal cord.

Only the extrapyramidal system is affected by hormones and neurotransmitters. Therefore, movements and mood are determined by emotions. And therefore, with lesions of the ganglia, disturbances of affect occur (deliberate crying or laughter).

What are the functions of the extrapyramidal system? Regulates muscle tone; tempo, plasticity and rhythm and sequence of movements; provides the motor component of emotions; regulates automated highly specialized movements, brings planned movements, for example, in ballet, learning dances, to automatism.

Reflex - a stereotypical response of the central nervous system to any impact. Reflexes arise in the presence of NS, which is present in almost all multicellular organisms, and they are carried out through a reflex arc.

Reflexes are divided into subgroups according to different qualities. According to the etiology of education: conditional and unconditional.

By receptor types: extero- and interoceptive. The first are the sense organs: vision, smell, hearing, etc.; interoceptive - receptors of internal organs.

By effectors: somatic; vegetative - internal organs.

By meaning: protective, digestive, sexual, indicative - they are all unconditional.

Unconditioned reflexes are innate, inherited. They play a protective role, maintain the constancy of the internal environment of the body (homeostasis).

The reflex arc of these reflexes is already formed by the beginning of birth and is preserved for life. It can change only in case of illness.

Conditioned reflexes appear throughout life, with the development of a person and the accumulation of experience and skills. The bark is involved in their formation.

The price of nitroglycerin ointment

Nitroglycerin gel is a pharmacy product. The remedy is made in a pharmacy according to your doctor's prescription. The medicine is prepared for several days using glycerin and lanolin-vaseline base. Vasodilator ointments for potency are very popular, so they can be found on the pages of online stores, online pharmacies, sex shops.

Tool name	Place of purchase	Price, r.
Pharmaceutical nitroglycerin agent	Pharmacy	From 390
Cream Eromax	Pharmacy	From 825
	Online pharmacy	From 825
	Internet shop	From 850
	Sex shop	From 850
Cream Himkolin	Pharmacy	From 600
	Online pharmacy	From 650
	Internet shop	From 990
	Sex shop	From 990
Cream Persian Shah	Internet shop	From 690
Cream Persian Shah	Sex shop	From 785
Cream Maxoderm	Pharmacy	From 990
	Online pharmacy	From 1000
	Internet shop	From 1500

Synthesis

Until recently, synthetic glycerin was produced commercially (mainly from epichlorohydrin), but this process is no longer economically viable. The two main methods for obtaining it from natural products are saponification and interesterification.

In the first case, an alkali (such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide) reacts with a fat or oil to form soap (lipid salt) and C3H8O3.

Interesterification is a process in which a glyceride is reacted with an alcohol in the presence of an acid or base as a catalyst. As a result, a new ester is formed and additional glycerol is released. It is a by-product (10%) of biodiesel production from the interesterification of vegetable oils. This has resulted in an oversupply of glycerin on the market. The product thus obtained, typically containing 20% water and residual esterification catalyst, can be purified.

Currently, intensive research is being carried out to obtain more valuable substances from glycerin. One such program is a British initiative called the Glycerol Challenge. Some potential uses of glycerin include its conversion to propylene glycol, acrolein, ethanol, and epichlorohydrin (feedstock for making epoxy resins). It can also be used to produce hydrogen gas and citric acid.

What is glycerin and where is it used

Glycerin is a trihydric alcohol, or glycerol. In appearance, it is a transparent liquid of odorless syrup consistency, with a sweetish taste. There are several types of the drug: food, pharmacy, technical, special. It is obtained from animal and vegetable raw materials, the purest is used in the food industry. Approved for use in products, it is called additive E422. It is used in the production of confectionery, bakery, pasta, soft drinks. The health benefits and harms of glycerin are known, but it is recommended to limit its consumption in diseases of the heart and kidneys. It is also used in the production of medicines, detergents, which increases their useful antiseptic properties.

As an example, glycerin can be used to dissolve the tablet form of antiseptic drugs for the treatment of inflammatory processes in the throat. Crush the tablet and dissolve in a small amount of glycerin in a teaspoon. Then the pacifier is dipped in the resulting solution and offered to the baby.

In the form of rectal suspensories, glycerin suppositories are recommended to be taken from the age of three.

In pediatric practice, candles for children are used Glycerol. The dosage regimen and duration of use are prescribed by the doctor.

Ointment preparation

The acquisition of nitroglycerin ointment in pharmacies often presents a certain difficulty. The drug is simply not available in pharmacy chains. This is due to some features of the official registration of medicines by pharmaceutical companies. To obtain an ointment, an individual prescription for the manufacture of the desired drug is required. It is also necessary that the pharmacy make medicines on the basis of the instructions issued by the doctor, and far from all specialized points and shops do this.
On the basis of individual prescriptions, as a rule, preparations are made with an active ingredient content of 0.2% and 0.4% in relation to the mass of the entire drug. With such a percentage of the active substance, both greater and lesser, you can make nitroglycerin ointment yourself at home.

To do this, you will need nitroglycerin in tablets or capsules to obtain the active substance and ordinary petroleum jelly to use as a base. Lanolin, which is part of the original ointment, can be purchased at a pharmacy, but it has a relatively high price, from 300-400 rubles per 100 g. The use of lanolin in a self-made mixture is optional.

Tablets and capsules are produced, as a rule, with a mass of 0.5 g and a nitroglycerin content of 2%. With this form of release, you will need to mix 1 crushed tablet with 10 ml of the base. Medical syringes can be used to determine the correct volume of Vaseline.

If a decision is made to use lanolin, then it is added instead of half of the vaseline used.

The recipe in this case would look like this:

1 tablet or capsule 0.5 g;
5 ml of vaseline;
5 ml of lanolin.

To prepare a drug with an active substance content of 0.4%, you need 2 tablets of nitroglycerin for the same volume of base in 10 ml.

The tablets are ground to a fine powder and then mixed together with the base. The result should be a cream suitable for application to the desired area.

Nitroglycerin can also be produced in the form of a 1% alcohol solution, but a 0.2% or 0.4% cream cannot be prepared from such a mixture, and the use of alcohol in a local remedy for the treatment of hemorrhoids and anal fissures, to put it mildly, is undesirable.

Store nitroglycerin ointment in a cool, but not too cold place. Glycerol trinitrate is very sensitive to hypothermia. It is desirable to protect the prepared mixture from exposure to light. For this, dishes with dark or light-tight glass are used.

The shelf life of the prepared ointment is no more than 4 weeks from the date of production.

It is not recommended to use analogues of nitroglycerin tablets for self-preparation of a medicinal cream. It is not always possible to assess the nature of the action on the body of certain elements of the drug.

In a number of products, the active component of which is glycerol trinitrate, various excipients are used. Only a specialist can determine if they are suitable for topical application, especially in areas that are sensitive to all sorts of influences.

Release form

Available in the form of rectal suppositories and solutions for topical and external use. The active substance of Glycerin is glycerol, its content is in one suppository for:

Children - 1.24 g;
Adults - 2.11 g.

Auxiliary components of suppositories: polyethylene oxide 400, sodium carbonate decahydrate, stearic acid.

The auxiliary substance in the solutions is purified water, its content is 15% of the volume of the preparation.

Glycerin enters the pharmacy network in the form of:

Candles - in a blister pack of 5 pieces, in cardboard packs of 2 packs;
Solution - in dark glass bottles of 25, 30, 40, 50, 100 g and in large bottles.

One gram of the solution contains 85% of the active ingredient. The manufacturer uses trihydric alcohol as the active ingredient. It also contains purified water.

The suppository contains the same active ingredient at a dosage of 2.11 or 1.24 grams. Also in the composition there are auxiliary components.

Pharmacological companies offer two forms of release - in the form of a solution and suppositories. There are several types of packaging. The solution is sold in a dosage of 25 to 150 grams. There is also a larger container - canisters from five to twenty kilograms. The liquid form of the drug can be purchased in a bottle or bottle made of dark glass, as well as in a plastic canister.

Five pieces of suppositories are placed in a cellular polymer packaging. The kit includes instructions for use, as well as two blisters.

They produce a solution of glycerin in vials, rectal suppositories with glycerin, borax in glycerin (sodium tetraborate solution).

Glycerin is often added to cosmetics to soften the skin of the hands and body.

solution for external use. 25 g in vials.

25 g of the drug contains 21.25 g of glycerol (in terms of 100% and anhydrous substance).

In medicine, glycerin has a liquid form of release and a solid one: Aqueous solution for external use in vials Glycerin rectal suspensions

These are the main forms used in medicine; in other cases, glycerin is only a component of the drug's auxiliary agents.

Glycerin masks

A homemade mask with glycerin for the face will help you maintain beauty and youth at any age, its benefits are undeniable. An interesting recipe based on honey:

A tablespoon of sweets;
tea glycerin;
A spoonful of oatmeal;
Two are milk.

Mix everything thoroughly and apply on cleansed face. Hold for 10-20 minutes, then wash without soap.

An excellent effect of glycerin on the skin of the face is ensured when it is combined with essential oils. Try to make such a balm mask for sensitive dry skin: a teaspoon of glycerin, the same amount of green tea (freshly brewed), a tablespoon of heated coconut oil. Thoroughly mix all the ingredients and, using a cotton sponge, wipe your face with them. If necessary, wash your face, but, in principle, you can leave it for half an hour.

If you're not sure if you can use glycerin on your face, check out this photo of 43-year-old Japanese model Mizutani, who says she applies vitamin E and hydrate to her face every night. The easiest way to create such a mixture with your own hands is to buy vitamin E ampoules at the pharmacy, pour them into a bottle or other container with glycerin (10 50 mg ampoules) and wipe your face with the solution. Wash off not immediately after application, but after half an hour or an hour. You can wipe your face with such a mixture with any oil, the main thing is to choose the ideal remedy for your skin type. By the way, in home cosmetology, a mixture of glycerin and ascorbic acid is often used, or, if you are allergic to vitamin C, Aevit.

Need to make your skin more elastic and toned? Then try the recipe with yolk and cream. You will need the following components:

Chicken yolk;
Glycerin - 10 ml;
Lemon zest - 5 grams;
A teaspoon of cream.

We combine everything together, carefully knead. This product is great for moisturizing dry skin and nourishing normal skin. If necessary, you can replace the cream with a spoonful of lard or petroleum jelly. After application, keep the mask for 25 minutes.

For dry problem skin, the following composition will be relevant:

A decoction of herbs (chamomile, thyme, sage) - 1 spoon;
White clay - 4 tablespoons;
Glycerin - 1 spoon;
Warm water - 1 spoon.

We mix all the components until smooth, make sure that the products do not form lumps, otherwise the kaolin will not be able to clean the pores. If the consistency does not suit you, then mix the resulting mass with water (add another spoon). Use this glycerin face mask twice a week for 20 minutes per session. On this basis, you can also make a base with any other mineral: blue clay, green, pink, black.

For oily aging skin, a gelatin and glycerin mask will be effective, the lifting properties of which give odds to professional anti-aging cosmetics. It is necessary to pour glycerin with cold mineral water, mix thoroughly and add gelatin to the solution (its price is up to 50 rubles).

The application of the liquid is possible on the entire surface of the face, as well as the neck and décolleté. Such a lotion not only tightens wrinkles, but also eliminates problems in the form of acne and comedones. In the salon, a similar procedure is performed using not gelatin, but cosmetic wax.

Some facts

Insufficient bowel movement occurs as a result of impaired motility of the digestive organ or pelvic floor dysfunction. Organic changes in the body, problems with peristalsis can lead to a disorder.

There are several types of constipation. Difficult defecation lasting less than 12 hours is episodic. A prolonged absence of the process of excretion of feces from the digestive tract (more than two days) is diagnosed as chronic constipation.

There are several reasons for the appearance of problems with bowel cleansing ─ the use of a large amount of white bread, potatoes, rice, tea, diseases of the teeth and gastrointestinal tract, and the wrong diet. In older people, obstipation may be associated with a sedentary lifestyle. Also, a diet on mashed food can cause a violation.

You can also recognize problems with bowel movements by secondary signs. Studies have shown that patients have an unpleasant aftertaste in the mouth, appetite decreases. Skin color becomes brownish. The results of the tests, as a rule, show an insufficient amount of vitamins and anemia.

To eliminate these symptoms, a diet, vitamins, and pharmacological agents are prescribed. Glycerin is considered to be a cosmetic substance. It really does have moisturizing properties. Helps make skin soft and smooth. The research results also confirmed the laxative properties of trihydric alcohol.

Pharmaceutical companies include glycerol in the composition of medicines to reduce irritability. The component absorbs a large amount of water, due to which it relieves the human body of excess fluid. But still, preparations containing glycerin can cause irritation, itching and other side effects. Before use, be sure to consult a doctor.

Glycerin is a drug, it has a softening effect, as well as dermatoprotective, that is, it protects the skin from harmful effects, in addition, a laxative effect of this medication has been revealed. I'll take a look at the instructions for use.

What is the composition and form of release of the drug Glycerin?

The drug Glycerin is produced in a solution that is used externally, it is placed in dark glass bottles. It is necessary to store it at a temperature of no more than 25 degrees, in addition, do not allow the medicine to fall into the hands of children.

The active substance of the drug is glycerin. The shelf life of the medicinal solution is five years, after which it is not recommended to use it. You can buy the remedy in the free market without a prescription.

Another dosage form is suppositories, their shape is cone-shaped, the composition contains an active ingredient - glycerin and some formative compounds. They are used rectally, the drug should be stored in a cool place, the expiration date is indicated on the suppository box. The medication is dispensed without a prescription.

What is the effect of Glycerin?

Glycerin solution is used externally, it is designed to protect and soften the skin when they are quite dry. The use of the drug improves the quality of epithelial tissue, makes it more hydrated and elastic.

Candles are used rectally, they affect intestinal motility, stimulate peristalsis, have a laxative effect, help soften feces, making the defecation process not as difficult as in the presence of constipation.

What are the indications for the use of the drug Glycerin?

The solution is indicated for use in the presence of dry skin. Candles are intended for rectal administration in the presence of constipation of various origins: functional, psychogenic, and also senile.

In addition, suppositories are prescribed in the presence of constipation in sedentary patients associated with a decrease in the sensitivity of the so-called receptor apparatus of the rectum.

Means Glycerin in the form of suppositories is indicated for use in hemorrhoids, including the thrombosed nature of this disease, suppositories are effective in the presence of a perianal abscess, the drug is prescribed for anorectal stenosis, and also after myocardial infarction.

What are the contraindications for Glycerin?

The solution is contraindicated for use in the presence of hypersensitivity to glycerol. Rectal suppositories are not recommended for use if the patient has hemorrhoids that occur in the acute stage, in addition, suppositories should not be administered for anal fissures.

Candles Glycerin are contraindicated in inflammatory diseases that occur in the rectum, they are not prescribed for the tumor process, in addition, suppositories are not used for hypersensitivity directly to glycerin.

What are the uses and dosages of Glycerin?

The Glycerin solution is intended for topical use, the skin is treated with the drug, which is subject to excessive dryness, while lubrication is carried out as needed. It should be noted that the drug is quite oily, it can leave a mark on clothes, so you need to wait until the product is completely absorbed.

Candles are administered rectally, while it is recommended to carry out hygiene procedures beforehand. Glycerin suppositories are recommended to be used once a day, preferably in the morning, some time after breakfast.

Glycerin can be used during pregnancy, as well as during lactation, but after consultation with a specialist.

What are the side effects of Glycerin?

A solution of Glycerin can sometimes provoke the development of allergic reactions, with a rather long local use of the drug, some irritation of the skin may appear.

The use of rectal suppositories can also cause some undesirable manifestations, in particular, with prolonged use, local irritation may occur, as well as a weakening of the defecation process, in addition, discomfort in the rectal area.

Sometimes allergic reactions occur after the use of rectal suppositories, in addition, the addition of catarrhal proctitis is not excluded, especially with prolonged use of this dosage form of the drug.

Overdose of Glycerin

The instructions for use do not give cases of overdose of Glycerin, since they have not been registered to date. In case of accidental ingestion of the solution, it is recommended to urgently induce vomiting in order to flush the stomach, for this you will need to consume at least one liter of boiled water, which must be chilled.

If, after washing the stomach, the patient feels any discomfort, malaise increases or other symptoms join, in this case it is necessary to consult a specialist.

special instructions

The systematic use of the drug Glycerin is not recommended. When using rectal suppositories, therapy should be discontinued after the physiological intestinal motility is restored.

What are the analogues of Glycerin?

Medicines Glycerol, Glycelax, Dexeryl belong to analogues, they should be used on the recommendation of a doctor.

Conclusion

Glycerin is a viscous colorless liquid, which is an excellent solvent, forms aqueous solutions in any proportions, is very hygroscopic, gels well and burns without producing smoke and an unpleasant odor. A solution of glycerin is widely used in the manufacture of tobacco products, in the food industry. Glycerin is used in the production of detergents, varnishes, paints and plastics, in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries and in agriculture. In medicine, glycerin ointment is used to soften the skin of the hands, with ear plugs and in the form of glycerin suppositories as a laxative.

Candles with glycerin during pregnancy

Glycerin suppositories are used for constipation. Often this problem occurs precisely during pregnancy due to the large amount of progesterone, a hormone that suppresses muscle contractions of internal organs. Suppositories with glycerin slightly irritate the colonic mucosa and cause its contractions, while melting glycerin and petroleum jelly soften the stool and help it to be released. Do not use candles without consulting a doctor, otherwise there may be a threat of miscarriage, since in addition to stimulating the intestines, they increase the tone of the uterus. It is necessary to introduce suppositories into the rectum after breakfast, after 15-20 minutes, 1 suppository per day. Do not use them daily, but only as needed.

Borax in Glycerin

Sodium tetraborate in glycerin solution is an antiseptic. Often, women use it to treat vaginal candidiasis (thrush). The solution should be used twice a day for a week. Before use, thoroughly rinse the vagina and douche with a solution of chamomile. Then wrap several layers of a sterile bandage around your finger, soak it in a solution of borax and treat the inflamed areas. This medicine is for external use only (douching, rinsing, lubricating). Can this drug be used during pregnancy? Your consulting physician will answer this question for you. But most importantly - do not use borax for mucosal damage and intolerance to the drug.

Glycerin and Vitamin E

Tocopherol (vitamin E) and glycerin are vital for the beauty of facial skin. They will prolong youth and help get rid of many problems. Vitamin E is the most powerful antioxidant among all vitamins, which slows down oxidative processes in cells, protects against UV rays, improves nutrition and accelerates skin regeneration. This vitamin can be taken both externally and internally. Liquid glycerin perfectly retains moisture, removes inflammation and improves cell regeneration. Mix both liquids in the same proportion and apply on the skin of the face before going to bed - in the morning the skin will become smooth, even, velvety, and fine wrinkles will disappear. For the skin of the hands, there is no better combination than glycerin and vitamin E. These substances are added to hand creams and lotions, which helps to relieve irritation from household products, water and the environment.

Lugol's solution with glycerin

This drug can be applied topically, externally and internally. Inside, lugol with glycerin is prescribed for syphilis, atherosclerosis, epidemic goiter. It is necessary to take 1 drop 1 time per day for 3 weeks. Such a course should be carried out three times with a break of 20-30 days. Locally, this medication is used for ear diseases (it is necessary to instill for 2-4 weeks), burns and infections (apply gauze napkins soaked in Lugol's solution with glycerin), chronic tonsillitis, trophic ulcers, to lubricate the throat and pharynx (several times a day ). The drug consists of iodine, water and glycerin and has an antifungal, antiseptic and local irritant effect.

Why does ICP rise?

Violation of ICP is caused by an increase or decrease in the amount of biological intracranial fluid - CSF. The liquid medium protects the gray and white matter from damage, is important for the nutrition and respiration of nerve cells. Normally, about 1 liter of CSF is produced per day. Approximately 15% of the cerebrospinal fluid is renewed hourly. Its normal microcirculation supports the functioning of brain structures.

In a healthy person, ICP ranges from 3-15 mm Hg. column. Deviations from such indicators indicate a change in the volume of cerebrospinal fluid, may be a confirmation of dangerous pathologies, including:

The presence
in the cranial box of volumetric tumors of various nature.
leaking
severe infectious and inflammatory processes: meningitis, encephalitis.
emergence
thrombosis of the venous sinuses, causing disturbances in the movement of cerebrospinal fluid.
Diagnosis
hydrocephalus - a congenital condition characterized by a violation of the outflow of cerebrospinal fluid. The anomaly makes itself felt in the first days (months) of the baby's life.
Transferred
brain infarction.

With increased ICP, swelling of the brain, doctors may attribute to drinking glycerin.

"Glycerin" for children

The drug in question is not contraindicated in childhood. Glycerin can be used from infancy, but in small doses.

As an example, glycerin can be used to dissolve the tablet form of antiseptic drugs for the treatment of inflammatory processes in the throat. Crush the tablet and dissolve in a small amount of glycerin in a teaspoon. Then the pacifier is dipped in the resulting solution and offered to the baby.

In the form of rectal suspensories, glycerin suppositories are recommended to be taken
from the age of three.

In the form of rectal suspensories, glycerin suppositories are recommended to be taken from the age of three.

The mechanism of action and the scheme of application of glycerin with high intracranial pressure

Glycerin is a trihydric alcohol by nature.

Since 2005, hypertonic saline solutions have become the drugs of first choice. Currently, glycerol is used only when other osmotic agents are ineffective.

Drugs of different groups to reduce ICP

Myotropic antispasmodics improve the blood supply to the brain tissue - myotropic antispasmodics. The usual form of release of this group is tablets.
Angioprotectors - strengthen the walls of blood vessels and protect them from damage by atherosclerotic plaques, blood clots.
Substances that affect the metabolism in the nervous tissue - enhance cellular energy processes. Piracetam - is the basis of about 20 analogues, for example, pyratropil, lucetam, thiocetam, etc., in the name of which the word "piracetam" is present.
Vasoactive drugs that feed neurons.
neurotransmitter substances.

Nursing process is a scientifically sound nursing practice of managing patients based on the same standards. The goal of any nurse is always to care for the sick.

The nurse gives the doctor all the information about the patient's condition (BP, temperature, respiratory rate, pulse, heart rate, rhythm); his mood background; to self-care skills.

A successful nursing process in neurology means: mastering the basic nursing manipulations in any area of work: at rest, at the post, in the treatment room, ward.

Methods of examination in neurology - begin with a neurological examination.

To make a diagnosis, a neurological examination is based on three points: a visual initial examination of the patient and anamnesis; analysis of his heredity; conducting instrumental and clinical examinations.

Stabilization of ICP has its own characteristics. Complex therapy is often used when drugs of different pharmacological groups are included in the treatment regimen. In mild cases, tablets are prescribed, in case of severe pathology, injectable forms of drugs are used. Treatment is usually carried out in courses. The duration of therapy is determined by the neuropathologist in each case.

The doctor prescribes treatment with intracranial pressure pills after diagnosing the problem. The medical complex includes medicines, there are indications for the use of regular procedures that accelerate the healing process. This is light physical education, diet, manual therapy, gymnastics. Drug treatment involves taking medications that have a pronounced analgesic property and can treat a symptom. Drugs to reduce intracranial pressure in adults are divided into several groups:

diuretic diuretics (Lasix);
products with amino acids;
vasodilating drugs (Cavinton, preparations containing caffeine, Pyramein, Regulton, Saparal);
a group of β-blockers;
ACE inhibitors;
calcium channel antagonists (Amlodipine, Verapamil, Diltiazem, Kordafen, Nicardipine, Nimotop, Nifedipine).

A: With a heart attack, what is the pressure and pulse

The use of liquid glycerin in neurology

A popular remedy in medicine is borax - sodium tetraborate in glycerin. Sodium salt is an antibacterial anesthetic, used for colpitis, candidiasis, bedsores, stomatitis, skin cracks and bacterial damage. The agent is applied to a cotton swab, lubricate the walls of the vagina, the affected skin areas. Borax can be used for rinsing the mouth, douching. The course of treatment is 7-10 days.

Suppositories are used to treat constipation. According to the instructions, they are injected into the rectum one at a time once a day. The optimal time of use is 15-20 minutes after breakfast, they begin to act within 10 minutes. The course lasts until intestinal motility returns to normal. For children, children's suppositories are produced with a smaller amount of the active ingredient.

Liquid glycerin

According to the instructions, glycerin for internal use or external treatment is used in pure form, a concentrated solution, or in the form of microenemas with soda water. Inside, the drug is taken diluted with the same amount of water. The dosage depends on the patient's body weight - 2-3 ml of liquid per kg.

Glycerin (glycerol, chemical name 1,2,3-propanetriol).

Pharmacological classification: trihydric alcohol, ophthalmic osmotic transport. Therapeutic classification: laxative (osmotic), ophthalmic osmotic agent, glaucoma adjuvant, lubricant. Pregnancy risk: category C.

Glycerin suppositories

Release forms:

ophthalmic oral solution: 50% (0.6 g/ml), 75% (0.94 g/ml), 7.5 ml capacity;
suppository ("candle"): 1.5 g (infants), 3 g (adults).

Indications and doses

The use of glycerin is indicated in the following cases:

constipation.
Adults and children 6 years of age and older: 3 g as a suppository or 5 to 15 ml as an enema. Children under 6 years: 1 to 1.5 g as a suppository or 2 to 5 ml as an enema;
decreased intraocular pressure and intracranial hypertension.
Adults: 1 to 2 g/kg body weight orally;
for use as an osmotic diuretic.
Adults: 1 to 2 g/kg body weight orally;
reduction of corneal edema.
Adults: 1 to 2 drops of ophthalmic solution topically before eye examination; from 1 to 2 drops within 3-4 hours with corneal edema.

Pharmacodynamics

laxative effect: Glycerin in the form of suppositories produces a laxative effect, causing rectal distention and local irritation of the rectum, stimulating the desire to defecate. Also triggers the hyperosmolar mechanism, which draws water into the colon;
Glycerin has an effect that reduces swelling and improves visualization in ophthalmoscopic or gonioscopic examinations. Glycerin reduces fluid in the cornea through its osmotic action and clears the turbidity of the cornea;
antiglaucoma action. Oral intake of glycerol helps reduce intracranial hypertension and elevated intraocular pressure by increasing plasma osmotic pressure, causing water to move into the blood from extravascular (extravascular) spaces. However, a decrease in intraocular fluid volume can lead to tissue dehydration.

Pharmacokinetics

Absorbed poorly, after rectal administration, the laxative effect begins in the period from 15 to 30 minutes.

Distribution: distributed locally.

Metabolism: No information available.

Excretion: Excreted in feces.

Rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, with peak levels in 60 to 90 minutes when administered orally. Intraocular pressure decreases in the period from 10 to 30 minutes. Peak action is 30 minutes to 2 hours, with effects lasting 4-8 hours.

Intracranial pressure decreases in the period from 10 to 60 minutes, the effect persists for 2-3 hours.

Distribution: Distributed through the blood, but does not enter the eye fluid. The drug may pass into breast milk. About 80% of the substance is metabolized in the liver, from 10% to 20% in the kidneys. The drug is excreted with feces and urine.

Contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to the drug.

Rectal administration of the drug is contraindicated in patients with intestinal obstruction.

Also contraindicated in patients with anuria, severe dehydration, impending acute pulmonary edema, severe heart failure, undiagnosed abdominal pain, vomiting or signs of appendicitis, fecal impaction or acute surgical abdomen.

The oral form should be used with caution in elderly or dehydrated patients, with increased blood and plasma volume (hypervolemia), confused mental states, congestive heart disease, diabetes, kidney and liver disease.

Drug–Drug Interactions: With diuretics: May cause additional effects, concomitant use is advised to be avoided.

Glycerin is a trihydric alcohol that has found use in neurology. Neurologists use it for intracranial hypertension, intraocular pressure. Due to its hydrophilicity, glycerin in the body binds and removes excess fluid from it.

Liquid glycerin: instructions for use and use in neurology: treatment regimen and dose are determined by the doctor; it is usually advised to drink it with some unsweetened fruit juice. Contraindications: it is impossible to treat with glycerin in diabetes; MI in history; liver and kidney disorders.

If patients drink the drug Glycerol, then after a while there is a relatively rapid decrease in ICP.

With constipation, which are age-related, functional or psychogenic. In this case, the origin of the violations is irrelevant. The drug is administered in liquid form
in the form of microclysters
, and in the form of rectal suspensions. Also, the remedy is recommended for use for the prevention of defecation disorders in cases where the patient cannot strain the abdominal wall and strain during the act of defecation.

The active ingredient is glycerol.
. The vial contains from 25 grams of the substance, in rectal suspensions from 2.11 to 2.24 grams of the substance.

This substance is widely used in the food industry. Glycerin is used to make sweets, pasta, and baked goods. It gives shine to candy products and softness to bakery products, as well as glycerin helps to extend the shelf life of flour products. Glycerin is used in the production of alcoholic beverages.
products.

In cosmetology, the production of lipsticks, lathers, creams and much more is not complete without glycerin. Almost all cosmetic companies use glycerin in the manufacture of their products.

Glycerin is a viscous, transparent, hygroscopic liquid with a sweet taste. In cosmetology, it is difficult to do without this component. It perfectly moisturizes the skin, making it smooth and supple. The substance is no less popular in the food industry and medicine. Glycerin for internal use is not popular enough, but an effective drug for the treatment of a number of diseases.

Glycerin (for internal use). pharmachologic effect

This drug has laxative, dehydrating, dermoprotective properties. Glycerin (for internal use) increases osmotic and lowers intracranial and ocular pressure. When used rectally, it gently irritates the rectal mucosa, stimulating its contractility. The drug is rapidly absorbed and biotransformed in the liver. At what diseases is its use recommended?

Glycerin (for internal use). Indications

Microclysters with a drug are prescribed for constipation of various etiologies. For a laxative effect, 5 milliliters of the drug is enough. Contraindications are usually hemorrhoids, tumors and inflammatory diseases. An excellent therapeutic effect is observed in the treatment of high intracranial pressure - the use of glycerin reduces cerebral edema.

Internal use of this drug is recommended for glaucoma. Glycerin lowers intraocular pressure. As an auxiliary component, it is used in the complex therapy of Reye's syndrome. Traditional medicine also uses the properties of this drug. Lemon, honey and glycerin are excellent cough and throat remedies.

Glycerin (for internal use). Instructions to avoid side effects

Experts note that the abuse of the drug can lead to undesirable consequences. In some cases, its use is not recommended at all. Glycerin (for internal use) can cause headache, nausea and vomiting, thirst, arrhythmias, hyperglycemic coma. Prolonged use of the drug can lead to dehydration.

Glycerol. Oral use: dosages

Medical glycerin is usually taken diluted. It is necessary to prepare a 50% solution, that is, mix equal parts of the drug and water. The dosage is calculated based on the weight of the person. For each kilogram, 2-3 milliliters of a solution are recommended, that is, one and a half grams of a pure drug. For subsequent doses, the dosage should be halved. To improve the taste, it is recommended to take a chilled solution.

Do you know that...?

Mask Recipes

Diluted glycerol itself does not cause allergic reactions, but before using new mask formulations with additional components, experts recommend testing for sensitivity.

Recipes for the face:

Softening
: 10 drops of vitamin E mixed with 20 ml of glycerin. To remove the remnants of the mixture, blot your face with a paper towel (no need to rinse).
Nutritious, with honey
: mix 1 tsp. honey, glycerol, add 3 tsp. water (cold), mix thoroughly until smooth. Apply and hold for 15 minutes, then rinse with warm water.
Tonic, with honey and gelatin
: mix 4 tbsp. l. glycerin, 4 tbsp. l. water, 2 tsp. honey, 2 tsp gelatin, dissolve in a water bath, add again 4 tbsp. l. water, mix thoroughly. The remains from the skin are washed off with warm water, a nourishing cream is applied.
For oily dermis, with clay
: mix 2 tbsp. l. decoction of sage with half a teaspoon of glycerol, add cosmetic clay, stirring constantly until the mixture is similar in consistency to liquid sour cream. At the end - rinse with cool water.

Face masks are applied only to cleansed skin, kept for 15-35 minutes. Apply 1-2 times a week.