Cerebral palsy: what is it? Causes, forms and treatment of the disease. What is cerebral palsy, what are the signs of this disease and how is it treated? Causes of cerebral palsy

Cerebral palsy syndrome (cerebral palsy) is the name of a large group of neurological disorders that occur as a result of damage or pathologies in the development of the child’s brain structures during pregnancy or in the first weeks of a newborn’s life. The clinical segment is motor disorders, and also possible disorders of the emotional-volitional sphere, epileptic seizures, speech and mental disorders.

Cerebral palsy in children is not characterized by a progressive nature However, the symptoms of the disease for the most part remain with the person for life, as a result of which the person is given disability. In our article today we will talk about the reasons for the development of cerebral palsy in children, its clinical manifestations and treatment methods.

This disease is always, without exception, accompanied by structural and morphological damage to the brain, that is, there is a pronounced anatomical basis for clinical symptoms. The formation of such a zone is caused by many causal factors that do not extend to other parts of the brain. Because each part of the brain is assigned a certain function, which is lost in cerebral palsy.

Despite the enormous achievements in the field of medicine, the prevalence of cerebral palsy continues to remain high and amounts to about 5.9% per 1000 newborns. There is a slight incidence of the disease among boys than girls.

Causes of cerebral palsy syndrome

The essence of the disease is in pathology of neuronal development, namely their structural disorders, which are incompatible with proper functioning.

And also, the disease can be caused by the influence of unfavorable causal factors during various periods of active formation of the brain during pregnancy, starting from the first days of its development and ending with the first days of the newborn’s life, when the organ is particularly vulnerable. According to statistics, in 20% of cases the cause of the development of the disease is the period after childbirth, as for 80%, they occur during intrauterine development and during active labor.

let's consider The main common causes of the development of cerebral palsy syndrome:

chronic diseases occurring in the mother, for example, heart defects, bronchial asthma, diabetes mellitus;
incompatibility of the fetus and mother for various reasons (blood group conflict, with subsequent development of hemolytic disease, Rh conflict);
mechanical injuries (intracranial injuries that were received during active labor);
toxic effects on the child (radiation, occupational exposure, aggressive medications, drugs, smoking and alcohol);
infectious diseases suffered by the mother during pregnancy or in the first months of the baby’s life (arachnoiditis, meningoencephalitis, encephalitis, meningitis, intrauterine infectious diseases, especially the TORCH group);
lack of oxygen (cerebral hypoxia): chronic or acute;
pathologies in the development of brain structures, for example, as a result of unexpected gene mutations or as a result of hereditary polygenetic disorders.

Children are at risk who were born prematurely (premature). Among them, the prevalence of the disease is much higher than in full-term newborns. It is also worth noting that the risk is higher in children who were born weighing less than 2 kg, as well as in children from multiple pregnancies.

Please note that none of the above reasons is a 100% guarantee of developing cerebral palsy syndrome. This indicates that, for example, if a pregnant woman is diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, this does not mean that her unborn child will develop cerebral palsy. This only means that such a woman has a significantly higher risk of having a child with congenital pathologies than a healthy woman. Of course, a combination of several causative factors significantly increases the likelihood of developing developmental pathologies. Each case of cerebral palsy under consideration has only one significant reason.

Based on all of the above main reasons for the development of the syndrome, it is urgently The following preventive conditions are recommended:

By paying attention to these preventive manipulations, the likelihood of developing cerebral palsy syndrome during pregnancy is significantly reduced.

Cerebral palsy syndrome: symptoms

In most cases, the disease manifests itself as movement disorders. Please note that the type of movement disorders and their severity differ depending on the person’s age. As a result, Today the following stages of the disease are distinguished:

early - up to the first five months of the child’s life;
initial residual - starting from six months and ending with three years;
late residual - for children over three years old.

The early stage of the disease is diagnosed quite rarely, since the newborn does not yet have particularly motor skills. However, there is a list of symptoms, which may serve as the first alarm bells:

Children who were found to have minor abnormalities during a routine examination should be examined by a doctor at intervals of two to three weeks. During subsequent examinations, the pediatrician and neurologist should pay attention to the dynamics of changes, as well as the delay with which new physical skills are formed; perhaps this is simply a pattern of individual development that is inherent in every child.

Forms of cerebral palsy syndrome

In medicine, there are four forms of manifestation of cerebral palsy:

mixed;
ataxic (atonic - astatic);
dyskinetic (hyperkinetic);
spastic.

Mixed form

The specified form of the disease is diagnosed if characteristics characteristic of several clinical forms are identified, which we will learn about a little later.

Ataxic form

During this form of the disease, observed damage to connections between the frontal lobe and cerebellum. From birth, the newborn is characterized by decreased muscle tone. Children with such skills develop motor skills much later than healthy children. Not only coordination is impaired, but also the accuracy of movements. As a rule, attempts to take an object are limited by anointing or regular mistakes, and a staggering gait is noted. This form of cerebral palsy is also characterized by trembling in the limbs. As for mental abilities, they may not undergo modifications, but can reach different degrees of mental retardation.

Dyskinetic (hyperkinetic) form

During this form of pathology, it is observed involuntary movements - hyperkinesis. As a rule, these pathologies can be identified after a year of the child’s life. In this case, manipulations can be very different: grimacing, twisting the body around its axis, simulating throws and swings of the arms, worm-like movements in the fingers. Involuntary muscle contractions are accompanied by uncontrollable screams and shouts. When the patient is at rest or asleep, all symptoms of hyperkinesis disappear, and during emotional overstrain they intensify.

Hyperkinesis is accompanied by a significant decrease in muscle tone. An increase in tone occurs periodically; in children in the first months of life, this phenomenon is called a dystonic attack.

During the course of hyperkinesis, it is observed delayed motor skill acquisition. Despite this, children, after a while, successfully master all self-care skills and do not need help from loved ones.

The dyskinetic form of the disease can contribute to speech impairment. As a rule, words are pronounced not only with impaired articulation, but also slowly and not always clearly. Intellectual characteristics are not subject to change.

Spastic form

This form of the disease is the most common. The main signs of the course of the disease are impaired muscle tone and muscle strength. Taking into account the included limbs, it is divided into several types:

Treatment

Therapeutic course Cerebral palsy syndrome is an extremely complex and lengthy process. The effect depends entirely on the severity of the damage to brain tissue, the timing of diagnosis of the disease, the treatment complexes used, and the persistence of the parents of the sick child.

Please note that in cerebral palsy, the main role is played by non-medicinal methods of therapy. The condition itself is incurable, since it is currently impossible to restore destroyed neurons. But intact neurons can be “taught” to perform those functions that are necessary for a child to fully exist in society, without feeling inferior.

Let's look at the leading treatment methods:

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In each sick child, signs of cerebral palsy may manifest differently. In some they are strongly expressed, while in others, on the contrary, they are very weak, which makes it impossible to identify the disease in time and begin comprehensive treatment.

Cerebral palsy is caused by damage to the part of the brain that controls movement and muscle tone. This is why a patient with cerebral palsy has difficulty making targeted movements, that is, he cannot coordinate his movement and lags behind in development in general. Damage causing cerebral palsy can occur to a child both during childbirth and in the prenatal period.

Diagnosing cerebral palsy at the earliest stage is quite difficult. But the brain can only recover in infancy, so treatment should begin before the child reaches 3 years of age. In older children, the effectiveness of treatment depends not only on physical, but also on their mental development.

There are no trifles in raising a child

There are no little things in raising a child that do not require the attention of parents. In this process, adults should be concerned about everything and always. Especially if it concerns the baby's health. Only parents who are attentive to their child will be able to see the very first signs of a serious illness and sound the alarm in time, thereby starting such important treatment as early as possible.

With cerebral palsy, early diagnosis is especially important. What should you pay attention to and what should parents do to be confident in the health and proper development of their baby? First of all, the newborn must be carefully monitored.

It's best to take a notebook and write everything down there. What time did your baby wake up, how did he sleep, when and how much did he eat, when did he fall asleep - the first entries will be like this. Over time, you can only “take notes” of achievements: when you smiled for the first time, uttered the first sounds, began to hold your head up, push off from a table or floor, tried to roll over, picked up a toy, etc. Using such records, an experienced doctor will quickly and easily determine whether your baby is developing correctly, and if not, how serious the deviations are.

Particular attention should be paid to the newborn's reflexes. At birth, children have the so-called palmo-mouth reflex, when the baby opens his mouth when he presses his palm. After the first month of life in healthy children, it disappears on its own. The persistence of this reflex for up to six months indicates obvious deviations in the baby’s development, including a signal of the presence of cerebral palsy.

In principle, you can identify deviations yourself. To do this, just find tables for the correct development of a child in a special book or on the Internet and compare your indicators with them. If there are deviations from the norm in some data, do not immediately panic. Do not forget that each child is individual and develops in his own way. In some places he may lag behind, and then quickly catch up and in some ways even get ahead of his peers. All this is normal and occurs quite often. Just stay alert and continue to watch for warning signs and actual signs of serious illness.

Another important point that requires attention is increased muscle tone in newborns. In the first months of life, it is observed to one degree or another in all babies, but by five months the so-called hypertonicity should disappear. Decreased muscle tone when the child is too lethargic is also a deviation from the norm. If lethargy can be noticed with the naked eye, then to determine hypertonicity it is enough to try to move the baby’s legs in different directions. If this is possible without any problems and does not cause pain to the child, then there is no reason to worry. When the muscles are very tense and it is impossible to move the arms and legs apart, this is already an alarming symptom of cerebral palsy.

The mental development of the baby also plays an important role. It changes every day and is constantly updated with new achievements. At first, the child silently studies the world around him, then cooing appears, the baby pronounces the first sounds, syllables, then words and whole sentences. Too long silence of a child, who by the age of 1-2 years does not even try to repeat something or pronounce a word on his own, also indicates serious deviations in his development.

Symptoms of cerebral palsy manifest themselves not only in the child’s psyche, but also in his physical condition. One of them is an asymmetry in his body, when, for example, one arm is more mobile than the other. The same can happen with the legs, which, moreover, may differ from each other in thickness. A sick child often and suddenly shudders, stares at one point for a long time, with his gaze fixed. He may suddenly develop strabismus or asymmetry of the pupils. Even excessive sweating and frequent choking can indicate a possible case of cerebral palsy, so they should be taken very seriously. It’s better to go to the doctor once again, get checked and, if necessary, start treatment, than to suffer for the rest of your life. The most visible results in the treatment of cerebral palsy can be achieved only with proper and comprehensive treatment in the early stages of the disease.

Stages of development

In medicine, it is customary to distinguish the following stages of development of cerebral palsy:

early;
initial residual;
late residual.

Each stage has age criteria and its own set of characteristic symptoms. For example, cases of the disease in children under five months of age are usually considered to be at an early stage. At this stage, it can be quite difficult to identify anything, so parents of newborns need to be very careful about their children.

Characteristic signs of cerebral palsy in a newborn at an early stage are serious disturbances in muscle tone and developmental delays. For example, a 4-month-old child should try to reach a toy with his hands and turn his head when he hears a sound nearby. The absence of these skills indicates developmental deviations, which may be the first signs of developing cerebral palsy in a baby.

You should also pay attention to the child’s motor activity. Often parents consider their baby to be simply hyperactive, while their children suffer from seizures - another symptom of the early stages of cerebral palsy in newborns.

The initial residual stage is characterized by a child's developmental delay. Patients are usually between 6 months and 3 years of age. You should be wary if a child at 7 months cannot sit independently and has not lost the grasping reflex, characteristic of newborns in the first months of life.

At the last – late residual – stage, late symptoms of cerebral palsy appear. These include seizures, skeletal deformation, limited mobility, various visual impairments, hearing, speech, dental pathologies, as well as difficulty swallowing and strong muscle tone.

Causes of cerebral palsy

Cerebral palsy occurs due to serious damage to the central nervous system and brain, and such a disorder can occur both during pregnancy and during childbirth.

It is believed that the majority of disabled children suffer from cerebral palsy. Despite this, the exact causes of the disease are always difficult to identify. Each case proceeds differently and requires an individual approach to treatment.

What is known is that these disorders occur due to various pathological processes in the baby’s body. The reasons for their appearance are different, for example,

chronic and prolonged oxygen starvation;
incompatibility of mother and child by blood when they have different Rhesus;
infectious diseases that occur in the mother in the early stages of pregnancy (ureaplasmosis, chlamydia, mycoplasmosis, herpes, etc.) or in infancy in the baby;
exposure to strong electromagnetic radiation during pregnancy;
improper management of childbirth, in which the newborn receives various injuries, etc.

There may be several causes of cerebral palsy, although one of them is necessarily the leading one, and the rest only intensify future disorders and determine the type of disease.

Types of cerebral palsy

It is customary to distinguish several types of cerebral palsy, which differ in their characteristic symptoms and the degree of damage to the brain and nervous system.

Diplegic form. Damage to the central nervous system occurs even in the prenatal period. The first manifestations are characterized by sharp increases in muscle tone, when the newborn’s legs are always extended or crossed with each other. The child is inactive and does not even try to roll over or sit up. The lag occurs both in general physical and intellectual development. When they try to put a sick baby on his feet, the muscles immediately react with a sharp increase in tone. The child walks on tiptoes, relying only on the toes and not on the foot. When walking, he puts one foot in front of the other and his knees are very close to each other.
Hemiplegic form. It occurs as a result of an intrauterine infection or due to hemorrhage during childbirth, when one of the hemispheres of the brain is damaged. In sick children, the muscles are constantly in a tense state, which limits their movements and causes involuntary movements in certain parts of the body.
Hyperkinetic form. It often develops due to immune incompatibility between mother and baby, when the child’s subcortical nerve nodes are affected during pregnancy or childbirth. This form of cerebral palsy is characterized by awkward movements of the patient when he takes uncomfortable and difficult positions. Everything happens due to instability of muscle tone, which either increases, then decreases, or returns to normal.

Manifestation of cerebral palsy in children under one year of age

The condition of a newborn baby should always be treated with great attention, especially if pregnancy and childbirth were difficult, and the child was born prematurely and has a low weight.

Although in children with cerebral palsy, symptoms begin to appear somewhere between one year of age and older, some signs can be seen during the first year of life. The following symptoms may indicate a possible disease and existing developmental abnormalities:

the newborn has difficulty sucking and swallowing food;
does not react to a loud sound, when children already at the age of one month should blink when they hear a sound nearby, and at 4 months they should turn their heads in its direction;
does not try to reach toys at 4 months;
often repeats the same movements or freezes in one position or another;
the muscles are so tense that it is impossible to turn his head in the opposite direction and spread his legs;
when the child lies in an uncomfortable position for a long time and does not try to roll over to the other side;
does not like to lie on his stomach, squirms when he is turned over.

The severity of certain symptoms in a sick child directly depends on the depth of damage to his brain. Depending on how early the disease was detected and treated, the general condition of the child will change.

It is almost impossible to identify the disease before 6 months. For example, signs of cerebral palsy at 3 months may resemble ordinary small deviations from the norm, which are typical for many.

At 6 months, the symptoms of cerebral palsy appear much more expressively than in an infant. This can be explained by the fact that by 6 months the child is already quite developed and can do a lot of things. For example, his reflexes become conditioned, and automatic walking and opening of the mouth when pressing on the palm, characteristic of newborns, disappear. If not, then this is an alarming sign that indicates a possible pathology of the brain and nervous system.

Such deviations as:

periodic seizures;
the child later begins to crawl and also walk;
the child’s movements are clumsy and he often uses only one side of his body;
strabismus and muscle hypertonicity;
by 7 months cannot sit without support;
turns his head away when he puts something to his mouth;
by 1 year does not make sounds, does not walk, or walks on fingers, etc.

Treatment

Treatment of cerebral palsy always occurs comprehensively and continuously. The earlier it was started, the better results can be achieved. It is believed that the most visible results can only be achieved by treating a disease that was identified in the first months of life, which is very difficult to do with cerebral palsy. The brain has the ability to recover only in infancy, and this diagnosis, as a rule, is made to the child later. This explains the difficulty of timely diagnosis and the duration of treatment for cerebral palsy.

With cerebral palsy in newborns, symptoms can vary. Therefore, the treatment of infants is strictly individual and depends on the type of symptoms. First of all, it is aimed at preventing further development of the disorder. Infants are prescribed medications that can reduce intracranial pressure. As a rule, magnesium is injected intramuscularly, and mixtures containing diacarb and citral are dripped into the mouth. The child is also given B vitamins, which have a beneficial effect on metabolic processes in the brain.

Great attention is paid to stimulating the development of the nervous system. For this purpose, medications such as Aminalon, Nootropil, glutamic acid, etc. are prescribed. Convulsive symptoms are relieved with the help of Luminal, Chlorocon and Benzonal, and in case of increased excitability, sedatives are prescribed.

However, for cerebral palsy, treatment with medications alone is not enough. Special massage and physical therapy play an equally important role here. Only constant and long-term lessons will help the child learn new movements and learn to do something without outside help. Success largely depends on the perseverance of the parents, since massage and exercises must be repeated every day.

Physiotherapeutic methods are also used in treatment, such as heat and mud baths, balneotherapy, ozokerite, acupuncture, shiatsu, electrophoresis, etc.

The use of a “spiral” suit leads to good results. By stimulating the body's various capabilities, it can reduce muscle spasticity and help the child acquire new motor skills. This costume is not the only one of its kind. Orthopedic pneumatic overalls and an Adele suit can also work wonders. After using them, many disabled children took their first steps.

The mental state of the mother also plays an important role in the upbringing and treatment of a sick baby. A disabled child is often capricious and does not do exercises, does not allow massage, etc. Here you need to turn on your imagination and introduce game moments into the physical education process. For example, a child will gladly try to pick up candy from the floor than anything else, and try to help his mother in some way if she praises him for any achievements.

It is important that cerebral palsy is not a disease that tends to progress. Therefore, do not lose hope and give up! The future of a child with cerebral palsy depends entirely on the parents, on their patience, strength and desire to help their child.

Cerebral palsy (CP) - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

General characteristics of cerebral palsy

muscle tension;
spastic muscle contraction;
various movements of an involuntary nature;
gait disturbances;
limited mobility.

In addition to motor activity disorders, cerebral palsy may be accompanied by pathologies of vision, hearing and speech activity. Very often, cerebral palsy is combined with various forms of epilepsy and mental and mental development disorders. Children also have disturbances in perception and sensation. Due to these disorders, people with cerebral palsy have certain problems with eating, involuntary urination and feces, difficulty breathing due to incorrect body position, the formation of bedsores and difficulties in perceiving information, which affect learning.

Causes of cerebral palsy

1. Disturbance in the development of brain structures.

2. Chronic lack of oxygen (hypoxia, ischemia) during fetal development and childbirth.

3. Intrauterine infections (most often caused by herpes viruses).

4. Various variants of incompatibility between the blood of mother and fetus (for example, Rh conflict) with the formation of hemolytic disease of newborns.

5. Trauma to brain structures during fetal development and childbirth.

6. Infectious diseases involving the brain in early infancy.

7. Toxic damage to brain structures (for example, poisoning with heavy metal salts).

8. Incorrect labor management tactics.

Genetic causes– any damage to the chromosomes of the father and mother can lead to the formation of cerebral palsy in the child.
Oxygen starvation of the brain, which can develop both during pregnancy and during childbirth (for example, placental insufficiency, fetal hypoxia, etc.).
Infectious causes are associated with an infant’s illness with meningitis, encephalitis, meningoencephalitis or arachnoiditis in the first months of life. These diseases can lead to the formation of cerebral palsy if they occur in a severe form, against a background of high temperature, with a large number of leukocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid and the presence of a causative microbe.
Poisoning is associated with the negative impact of poisons or strong medications on the body of a child or pregnant woman. This factor, as a rule, has a strong influence when a pregnant woman has harmful working conditions or comes into contact with radioactive or chemical substances. Poisoning is also possible when taking potent medications during pregnancy.
Physical reasons associated with the negative effects of electromagnetic fields on the fetus during pregnancy. This could be an x-ray, radiation injury, etc.
Mechanical reasons associated with birth trauma.

The cause of cerebral palsy is often attributed to various vascular pathologies, which is incorrect. Since the baby’s blood vessels are very soft, elastic, and pliable, they simply cannot rupture on their own. It is precisely because of this circumstance that the vascular cause is actually traumatic, since damage to a child’s blood vessels is possible only as a result of a strong traumatic effect. It is very important to establish the cause of the development of cerebral palsy, since this determines the further tactics of treatment and education of the child.

Characteristic signs of cerebral palsy - symptoms of the disease

1. Early (up to 5 months).

2. Initial residual (from six months to 3 years).

3. Late residual (over 3 years).

Delayed development of the child (does not hold his head, does not roll over, does not reach out with his hands to various objects, does not sit independently, does not crawl, does not walk).
Grasping and other children's reflexes that persist beyond the age of six months.
Preferential use of only one upper limb, which is associated with abnormal muscle tone on the second hand, which is not used in games.

These early symptoms of cerebral palsy can have varying degrees of severity - from almost imperceptible to conspicuous. The severity of the disorders depends on the volume of brain tissue affected. For example, pathological muscle tone can manifest itself in excessive tension or, conversely, relaxation. Tension is increased muscle tone, expressed in the limbs adopting a forced, uncomfortable position (for example, crossed legs like scissors). Relaxation - decreased muscle tone - on the contrary, leads to dangling limbs and an inability to hold a pose. Due to pathological muscle tone, the movements of a child with cerebral palsy are characterized by the following signs:

excessive sharpness;
suddenness;
slow and worm-like;
uncontrollable;
completely aimless.

All other symptoms of cerebral palsy are classified as late. Let's consider the most characteristic and common signs of cerebral palsy:

1. Skeletal deformity– characterized by shortening of the limb on the affected side. If the problem is left unattended, scoliosis and curvature of the pelvic bones subsequently develop.

2. Joint contractures– the symptom is characterized by stiffness and limited range of motion. In this situation, uneven compression of the joint occurs due to differences in the tone and strength of the various muscles surrounding it.

3. Convulsions are a particular symptom that manifests itself in the first months of life, or some time after the development of cerebral palsy itself. Often, seizures are difficult to distinguish from pathological motor activity.

4. Swallowing disorder develops as a result of inadequate work, and the lack of correct and combined interaction of the various muscles taking part in this process. The baby sucks poorly, has problems eating and drinking, and is unable to control salivation. Therefore, a consequence of swallowing disorders in children with cerebral palsy is involuntary drooling.

5. Hearing impairment expressed in the fact that the child does not perceive a variety of surrounding sounds, which greatly affects the delay in the development of speech skills.

6. Speech Impairment– is formed due to the inability to coordinate precise and subtle movements of the lips, tongue and throat. Muscle tone is impaired, and children are unable to control the work of the lips, tongue and throat, and therefore are unable to reproduce normal sounds, which makes speech very difficult.

8. Dental disorders expressed in susceptibility to caries, pathology of the position of individual teeth, problems with cleaning and pathological structure of the enamel.

9. Mental retardation may not occur in all children with cerebral palsy. A person’s disability depends precisely on the level of intellectual development. The higher the mental ability of a person suffering from cerebral palsy, the lower the degree of disability.

10. Disorders of urination and defecation are caused by the uncontrolled work of various muscles involved in performing these physiological actions.

11. Impaired movement and muscle tone. All the child’s movements seem completely clumsy, awkward, loose, and are performed jerkily and uncoordinated. All movements are performed slowly and look like a worm. In addition, cerebral palsy is manifested by the following disorders of muscle movements in the child:

convulsions of varying severity;
the muscles look very tense or relaxed;
lack of a blink reflex in response to loud sounds;
over 4 months does not turn his head towards the source of the sound;
older than 4 months cannot reach toys with their hands;
over 7 months unable to sit independently;
at 1 year and older does not pronounce individual words;
pronounced use of predominantly right or left hand before age 12;
strabismus;
gait is difficult, steps are difficult, stiffness is visible;
When walking, the child stands only on his toes, and not on his entire foot.

Forms of cerebral palsy

1. Spastic form of cerebral palsy (spastic tetraplegia, diplegia, hemiplegia).

2. Dyskinetic form.

3. Ataxic form.

4. Mixed forms of cerebral palsy.

5. Unspecified form.

Spastic tetraplegia

Spastic diplegia

Hemiplegic form

Dyskinetic (hyperkinetic) form

Ataxic form

decreased muscle tone;
trembling of limbs;
disturbance of voluntary movements and speech.

Such children, as a rule, suffer from moderate mental retardation.

Mixed forms

Diagnostics

Features of children with cerebral palsy

1. Disruption of the normal structure of the tissues of the central nervous system.

2. Restricted independence due to the inability to move freely and only partial ability for self-care.

Treatment of cerebral palsy and principles of rehabilitation

physiotherapy;
massage sessions;
medications aimed at normalizing muscle tone (for example, Baclofen, Mydocalm, Dysport, etc.).

In addition, the following methods and techniques have a proven positive effect in the treatment of cerebral palsy:

Voight method;
Bobath therapy;
load suits “Adele” and “Gravistat”;
Atlant pneumatic suit;
speech therapy techniques;
assistive devices (for example, walkers, chairs, stand-up machines, bicycles, exercise equipment, etc.).

If pathological changes in muscle structure cannot be corrected by the above methods, then surgical treatment is resorted to. Surgical interventions provide plastic surgery of tendons and muscles, which returns the tissues to their normal shape and structure. Contractures are also surgically removed. If it is possible to correct disorders in the tissues of the nervous system, then neurosurgical interventions are performed, for example, spinal cord stimulation, removal of affected areas, etc.

Working with children with cerebral palsy

Massage and exercise therapy

stretching;
muscle relaxation and decreased tone;
increasing the amplitude and range of muscle movements of various parts of the body;
strengthening the muscles involved in the movements of various parts of the body;
exercises to develop muscle endurance;
training of a normal muscle stereotype for proper walking;
balance training by walking on inclined planes;
exercises to increase muscle strength.

Massage and exercise therapy according to D. Sandakov - video

Treatment methods for cerebral palsy

Application therapy for cerebral palsy: Lyapko applicators - video

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Signs of cerebral palsy in children under 1 year of age

First signs and delayed symptoms of cerebral palsy in newborns

Infantile cerebral palsy is a group of non-progressive diseases of a chronic nature, which are manifested by various impairments of motor functions as a result of brain damage. But this is not a hereditary pathology, but an acquired one.

However, the effect of etiological factors can manifest itself during intrauterine development (due to intrauterine infection, obstetric pathology of the mother, fetal hypoxia and other teratogenic factors).

Brain damage can occur during childbirth or in the first weeks after birth (as a result of central nervous system infections or Rhesus conflict).

Cerebral palsy does not progress, that is, brain damage does not worsen over time, and motor defects can be partially corrected. However, in the absence of appropriate methodological exercises and care, children may experience severe complications.

The first signs that should alert you

Symptoms of cerebral palsy are not always detected immediately after the birth of a child, as signs may become obvious in infancy. It is important to notice them in the early stages and consult a specialist to make or refute the diagnosis.

Basically, signs of cerebral palsy in newborns at an early age are practically invisible, but with the gradual development of the nervous system, the symptoms begin to increase.

Parents should be alert if the following primary symptoms appear:

if the child does not fix his head well;
manifestation of weakness in certain muscle groups;
the child does not crawl, does not grasp objects in his hands, does not move;
no rollovers from stomach to back;
there are unconditioned reflexes, which normally disappear after 3-6 months of life;
manifestation of pathological spasticity or increased tone;
presence of seizures;
the presence of pathological movements (clumsy, uncontrolled or sudden), dysfunction of the pelvic area;
possible mental retardation;
difficulties with vision, hearing and speech.

In infants, symptoms may manifest themselves in the form of freezing in one position, involuntary movements (nodding the head or lack of contact).

You should know that the level of severity of symptoms is related to the depth of brain damage; it can manifest itself as mild clumsiness when moving, as well as mental retardation and severe paresis.

In most cases, specialists are not able to establish an accurate diagnosis for a child under one year old, even in the presence of pronounced symptoms of pathology (depressed reflexes, increased excitability, etc.).

The child’s brain has high compensatory abilities that can eliminate the bulk of the consequences of brain damage.

A specialist can confirm the diagnosis if the child does not sit at the age of more than 1 year, does not walk or talk independently, or has mental disorders.

Increasing symptoms in newborns

When the brain is damaged, the following types of movement disorders can develop:

primary brain disorders;
changes in brain cells, the initial state of which was normal.

When exposed to damaging factors, various defects of nerve cells can be observed. The cause of the process may be the vulnerability of brain structures, the development of which at this moment is intensive. Therefore, some children with cerebral palsy may experience disturbances in arm movements, others - coordination or leg movements.

The majority of cases of cerebral palsy in children born before 33 weeks are associated with imperfect arteries and immature brain cells. In full-term healthy babies, with minor oxygen starvation, blood is distributed so that the brain is not affected.

In children with low weight, such a mechanism is absent, and with hypoxia, death of some parts of the brain with the formation of cavities can be observed.

In medical practice, there are several stages of development of cerebral palsy:

Each stage has its own age indicators and a set of specific symptoms. For example, early stage diseases include children under 5 months of age. At the same time, identifying pathology is very difficult, which is why parents should treat their child with special care.

Characteristic symptoms of cerebral palsy at the early stage of infant development include severe developmental delay and impaired muscle tone. At this age, the child should turn his head and grab a toy.

But if he does not do this, then the lack of such skills may indicate a developmental disorder, which may be the first sign of a disorder.

You need to pay attention to the child’s motor activity. Sometimes parents think that their child is hyperactive, but he may have seizures, which are another sign of pathology.

Characteristic details of the residual initial stage are the baby’s developmental lag when his age is 0.5-3 years. Already at 7 months, the child may not sit, showing a grasping reflex that should no longer exist.

The residual late stage of cerebral palsy is determined by skeletal deformation, convulsions, impaired visual function, limited mobility, decreased hearing, speech, strong muscle tone, difficulty swallowing, or dental pathologies.

Symptoms based on the form of the disorder

There are several types of cerebral palsy, differing in symptoms, level of damage to the nervous system and brain:

Parents should be attentive to the child’s condition so as not to miss the first symptoms of cerebral palsy in the newborn in the early stages of its development. Signs of the disease should be monitored if there was a problematic pregnancy, childbirth, or the mother suffered from illness.

If you start treatment for a child under 3 years of age, then in 75% of situations, cerebral palsy is reversible. And when treating older children, recovery is associated with their mental development. Cerebral palsy has no tendency to progress, therefore, if only the motor system is affected, and in the absence of organic brain damage, excellent results can be achieved in its treatment.

Signs of cerebral palsy in newborns

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a disorder caused by permanent damage to a child's brain during fetal development, birth, or early development. The most common problems relate to coordination of movements of varying degrees of severity or muscle weakness. In some cases, there are seizures, problems with vision and hearing. Children with cerebral palsy often acquire the ability to spin, sit, crawl and walk at a later age than their healthy peers. About a third progress to seizures. Symptoms of the disease may become more noticeable as the child gets older, but this does not mean that the disease is progressing.

According to statistics, cerebral palsy is most often found in premature babies or children with low birth weight for other reasons (42% of all cases of cerebral palsy), twins or triplets (11%). In addition, it is observed slightly more often in boys than in girls – 57% versus 43%.

When can cerebral palsy be diagnosed in a child?

Cerebral palsy can be diagnosed as early as one month of age, but this happens very rarely. This is explained by the fact that clinical signs of pathology develop in parallel with the development of the human nervous system. Therefore, the diagnosis of cerebral palsy, as a rule, requires several visits to a pediatrician and a pediatric neurologist, who, based on the dynamics of the child’s motor development, may suspect abnormalities. In addition, diagnostic time frames are often needed for different types of cerebral palsy.

In most cases, cerebral palsy in newborns (the first 4 weeks of life) cannot be detected, but pathology is noticed already in infants (children under one year old).

Parents are often the first to notice signs of cerebral palsy in a child under one year old. In fact, in% of cases, deviations in the child’s development are initially noticed by the parents themselves. However, doctors should do regular and appropriate examinations of all infants and young children.

If there is any suspicion that the baby's brain has suffered from oxygen deprivation, which may be caused by problems with the placenta, uterine diseases, infectious diseases, a long, rapid or difficult labor process, then an MRI should be performed soon after birth to assess any potential brain damage brain MRIs should be performed at regular intervals so that doctors can monitor the severity of cerebral ischemia.

Signs of cerebral palsy in a child

The symptoms caused by cerebral palsy tend to be comparable in severity to the severity of brain damage.

Early signs of cerebral palsy

The most common early sign of cerebral palsy in children under one year of age is delayed motor development. Parents notice that the child:

starts to hold his head up late or does it poorly;
does not pay attention to bright sounds and toys, does not try to reach the toy;
does not roll over from back to stomach and from stomach to back;
does not sit without support;
does not try to crawl, stand at a support, try to walk by hand or independently, or lags behind in these skills in terms of timing.

Reflexes of a newborn.

Certain reflexes that are present in a newborn child normally fade away with age. But in children with cerebral palsy, the physiological reflexes of a newborn are preserved for a very long time (Galant reflex, Moro reflex, grasping reflex, proboscis reflex and others). In order to check them, you need a mandatory visit to a pediatric neurologist at 1, 3 and 6 months.

Examples of some reflexes that newborns should have and disappear after a few months. Their longer presence may be a sign of cerebral palsy

Cerebral palsy in children under one year of age primarily affects muscle tone, gross and fine motor functions. Early signs of cerebral palsy are associated with dysfunction of the muscles of the mouth and face. Parents may independently discover problems with the child's feeding, swallowing, and ability to express emotions on the face.

The child cannot sit down without the support of his hands. Since the strength of contractions of different muscles differs, there is a skew in the position of the torso, head and limbs, while the latter are very often located asymmetrically relative to each other.

The child shows a lack of interest and eye contact with parents and bright objects. Strabismus occurs very often.

Hearing impairment.
Seizures (also associated with hypoxic brain damage).

Later signs of cerebral palsy

Limitation of the degree of mobility in general, the ability to lift, crawl, stand, and balance the body.

The child cannot grasp small objects and hold them between the index finger and thumb. Hold and use pencils and turn pages.

Mental retardation (not typical for all forms of cerebral palsy).
Speech impairment (due to poor coordination of the muscles of the mouth, tongue and facial muscles).
Joint contractures (incomplete flexion or extension).
Hearing loss
Disorders of defecation and urination.

Signs of cerebral palsy in infants and infants by week

2 months and older

There are difficulties in controlling the head when lifting.
Stiff legs that cross or become #171;scissor#187; when lifted.
Rigid or shaky hands and/or feet.
There are problems with feeding (weak sucking, stubborn tongue, difficulty biting when lying on the back or stomach).

6 months and older

Continues to have poor head control when lifting.
Can extend only one hand, clenching the other into a fist.
There are problems with eating.
May be unable to roll over without assistance.

10 months and older

Moves with difficulty, pushing off with one arm and leg and dragging the opposite arm and leg.
Doesn't babble.
Unable to sit down or sit independently.
Doesn't respond to his own name.

12 months and older

Doesn't crawl or try to pull itself up.
Unable to stand without support.
Doesn't look for things that are hidden so that he can see them.
Doesn't speak individual words like #171;mom#187; or #171;dad#187;.

Diagnostics

Diagnosing cerebral palsy is a very labor-intensive and complex process. In addition to monitoring the child, ultrasound of the brain, EEG, EchoEG, and MRI of the brain are required.

When treating cerebral palsy, the main principle is that the earlier the diagnosis is made, the greater success in treatment can be achieved. Children have a much higher regenerative capacity than adults.

The point of application during treatment is muscle development, massage, exercise therapy, gymnastics, horseback riding, and alpine skiing. Parents who do not despair and deal with this problem achieve excellent results. With cerebral palsy, treatment is a parallel process of life throughout. A large number of people with cerebral palsy can lead acceptable lives as adults. The most important thing is to know the problem in person and then it will be easier to deal with it!

What are the signs of cerebral palsy in an infant?

Cerebral palsy, or cerebral palsy in a newborn baby, most often occurs due to brain damage during childbirth or during pregnancy of the mother. In addition, this disease, which negatively affects the baby's coordination and muscle tone, can develop in the first few months of life after birth. In such a situation, the main task of parents and doctors is the timely detection of cerebral palsy and the correct approach to treatment.

Why does cerebral palsy develop: the main reasons

As we mentioned earlier, cerebral palsy can occur in a child during intrauterine development, as well as during childbirth or several months after birth. The main causes of this disease include:

Regardless of the reason why a child develops cerebral palsy, in 75 percent of cases the disease can be effectively treated. However, there is one important condition. Treatment should begin no earlier than the child turns three years old. Otherwise, pathological changes in the brain will be irreversible.

That is why it is very important to promptly identify any signs of cerebral palsy in an infant and immediately consult a doctor.

Visual signs of cerebral palsy

Cerebral palsy is not difficult to identify in the first months of life by several signs that are visible even to the naked eye. For example, the following symptoms clearly indicate the development of some pathology:

absence of folds under the baby’s buttocks;
there is no corresponding bend in the lumbar spine;
the folds on the child’s legs or under the buttocks are asymmetrical.

Such deviations are instantly detected by both parents and the doctor, who is called upon to monitor the baby during the first month after birth. But cerebral palsy may well develop without these signs. Therefore, it is also important to keep a close eye on behavioral factors.

Main symptoms of cerebral palsy

Extremely attentive attitude towards the baby will help to promptly discern the symptoms of the disease described below:

Many of these symptoms may occur due to some individual characteristics of the child’s body, his significantly less mobility or special natural reflexes. Therefore, when you identify them, you should not immediately panic. Just consult a doctor who will conduct an examination and make an accurate diagnosis.

Basic methods for diagnosing cerebral palsy

A set of diagnostic procedures is determined depending on the presence of certain signs indicating the presence of the disease. In the vast majority of cases, this may include the following:

if any symptoms of cerebral palsy are noted, an ultrasound examination of the baby’s brain is performed;
Electroencephalography, which is carried out in the presence of convulsive muscle contractions in a newborn, allows identifying the development of cerebral palsy;
Such studies as magnetic resonance or computed tomography of the brain make it possible to accurately diagnose and obtain a complete picture of the child’s physical condition.

If treatment is not started in a child before three years of age, the disease can progress rapidly. However, in situations where the brain was not damaged as a result of birth trauma or toxic exposure, and the symptoms of cerebral palsy manifest themselves only in the form of a violation of any motor functions, one can hope for a successful outcome of medical intervention at a later age.

The diagnosis of cerebral palsy (hereinafter referred to as cerebral palsy) includes a number of diseases that are combined with disorders of the nervous system and brain damage. In each sick child, signs of cerebral palsy may manifest differently. In some they are strongly expressed, while in others, on the contrary, they are very weak, which makes it impossible to identify the disease in time and begin comprehensive treatment.

There are no trifles in raising a child

Stages of development

In medicine, it is customary to distinguish the following stages of development of cerebral palsy:

early;
initial residual;
late residual.

Causes of cerebral palsy

Cerebral palsy occurs due to serious damage to the central nervous system and brain, and such a disorder can occur both during pregnancy and during childbirth.

What is known is that these disorders occur due to various pathological processes in the baby’s body. The reasons for their appearance are different, for example,

chronic and prolonged oxygen starvation;
incompatibility of mother and child by blood when they have different Rhesus;
infectious diseases that occur in the mother in the early stages of pregnancy (ureaplasmosis, chlamydia, mycoplasmosis, herpes, etc.) or in infancy in the baby;
exposure to strong electromagnetic radiation during pregnancy;
improper management of childbirth, in which the newborn receives various injuries, etc.

There may be several causes of cerebral palsy, although one of them is necessarily the leading one, and the rest only intensify future disorders and determine the type of disease.

Types of cerebral palsy

It is customary to distinguish several types of cerebral palsy, which differ in their characteristic symptoms and the degree of damage to the brain and nervous system.

Diplegic form. Damage to the central nervous system occurs even in the prenatal period. The first manifestations are characterized by sharp increases in muscle tone, when the newborn’s legs are always extended or crossed with each other. The child is inactive and does not even try to roll over or sit up. The lag occurs both in general physical and intellectual development. When they try to put a sick baby on his feet, the muscles immediately react with a sharp increase in tone. The child walks on tiptoes, relying only on the toes and not on the foot. When walking, he puts one foot in front of the other and his knees are very close to each other.
Hemiplegic form. It occurs as a result of an intrauterine infection or due to hemorrhage during childbirth, when one of the hemispheres of the brain is damaged. In sick children, the muscles are constantly in a tense state, which limits their movements and causes involuntary movements in certain parts of the body.
Hyperkinetic form. It often develops due to immune incompatibility between mother and baby, when the child’s subcortical nerve nodes are affected during pregnancy or childbirth. This form of cerebral palsy is characterized by awkward movements of the patient when he takes uncomfortable and difficult positions. Everything happens due to instability of muscle tone, which either increases, then decreases, or returns to normal.

Manifestation of cerebral palsy in children under one year of age

The condition of a newborn baby should always be treated with great attention, especially if pregnancy and childbirth were difficult, and the child was born prematurely and has a low weight.

the newborn has difficulty sucking and swallowing food;
does not react to a loud sound, when children already at the age of one month should blink when they hear a sound nearby, and at 4 months they should turn their heads in its direction;
does not try to reach toys at 4 months;
often repeats the same movements or freezes in one position or another;
the muscles are so tense that it is impossible to turn his head in the opposite direction and spread his legs;
when the child lies in an uncomfortable position for a long time and does not try to roll over to the other side;
does not like to lie on his stomach, squirms when he is turned over.

It is almost impossible to identify the disease before 6 months. For example, signs of cerebral palsy at 3 months may resemble ordinary small deviations from the norm, which are typical for many.

Such deviations as:

periodic seizures;
the child later begins to crawl and also walk;
the child’s movements are clumsy and he often uses only one side of his body;
strabismus and muscle hypertonicity;
by 7 months cannot sit without support;
turns his head away when he puts something to his mouth;
by 1 year does not make sounds, does not walk, or walks on fingers, etc.

Treatment

Physiotherapeutic methods are also used in treatment, such as heat and mud baths, balneotherapy, ozokerite, acupuncture, shiatsu, electrophoresis, etc.

The most serious disease that destroys the life of a child is cerebral palsy. This neurological disease associated with brain damage develops into a disability for the baby. But with timely and correct treatment, the disease stops progressing and some symptoms disappear.

The most common causes of cerebral palsy include the following manifestations:

(lack of oxygen while the mother is carrying a child);
Infections during pregnancy;
Failures in the formation of brain structures;
Conflict of Rh factor between mother and baby;
Brain injuries during pregnancy and childbirth;
Toxic poisoning;
Disturbances during childbirth.

The occurrence of symptoms of cerebral palsy in newborns is often not associated with any one cause, but is caused by a complex of factors, and determining the exact cause is not always possible.

The most common factor in the manifestation of cerebral palsy is hypoxia, accompanied by early placental abruption and abnormal fetal position. This is followed by a conflict between the Rh factor and infection, and genetic predisposition on the part of one of the parents.

It is customary to group the causes of cerebral palsy according to their main factors:

Genetic. Damage to the parents' chromosomes stimulates the occurrence of cerebral palsy in their child.
Hypoxia. Lack of oxygen supply to the fetus, both during pregnancy and at the time of birth.
Infections. Having suffered from meningitis, encephalitis, arachnoiditis before the age of one year, increases the risk of cerebral palsy, especially in severe forms.
Poisoning. Damage to the body of a pregnant woman or baby by toxic poisons or drugs leads to illness. Harmful production, contact with toxic substances, potent medications are sources of risk for pregnant women.
Physical. Various radiations and electromagnetic fields cause damage to the child in the prenatal period; these same sources of risk include radiation.
Mechanical. A child receives mechanical damage during childbirth - these are birth injuries.

Determining the cause of cerebral palsy as accurately as possible will help identify the main pain points and prescribe appropriate treatment.

Forms

There are different forms of cerebral palsy according to the generally accepted system.

Spastic tetraplegia

The cause of spastic tetraplegia is oxygen starvation of the fetus during the intrauterine period or at the time of birth. Due to hypoxia, neurons in the baby’s brain die, and the nervous tissue loses the necessary characteristics. Brain lesions reveal such signs of cerebral palsy in a child as strabismus, speech impairment, decreased hearing and vision up to blindness, possible impaired mental abilities and developmental delays.

With an unexpressed impairment of hand activity, a patient with cerebral palsy with spastic syndromes can find his place in society, doing feasible work.

Dyskinetic

The dyskinetic form is also called the hyperkinetic form of cerebral palsy. The causes of this symptom are the transfer of hemolytic disease to the newborn. In the dyskinetic form, the following signs of the disease are observed:

Uncontrolled movements not only of the limbs, but also of any part of the body;
Frequent convulsions and paralysis are possible;
The vocal cords are affected by paresis, which leads to problems with sound production;
Posture is impaired.

The development of children with dyskinetic type cerebral palsy can take place in general institutions, since this form of cerebral palsy does not affect mental abilities. The intellectual capabilities of children allow them to enter universities and successfully obtain a diploma, while continuing their activities in work groups.

Ataxic

In the ataxic form, a decrease in muscle tone is observed, tendon reflexes are actively manifested, and disturbances of the speech apparatus may occur. This type of cerebral palsy occurs due to hypoxia and damage (most often due to injury) to the frontal lobes of the brain. Symptoms of cerebral palsy in the ataxic form include the following manifestations:

Muscle tone is reduced;
There is trembling of the arms and legs;
Mental retardation;
Speech disorders.

Mixed

Damage to the baby's brain structures occurs as a result of a complex of the above forms in various combinations.

Symptoms

Symptoms of cerebral palsy may appear immediately after the birth of a child or in the first months of life. Parents and doctors should be attentive to absolute reflexes and, if their manifestation fades, urgently carry out a full diagnosis.

It is important to monitor the timeliness of the development of gaming skills and speech development; a lack of contact with the mother can be a signal of alarm.

Cerebral palsy is not the main diagnosis for developmental disorders in a child under one year of age, but if after this period the child cannot sit, does not show speech skills, or exhibits mental disorders, then the likelihood of diagnosing this disease increases.

Symptoms of cerebral palsy include visual and hearing impairment, epileptic seizures, developmental delays and problems with the urinary system.

Treatment

Treatment for cerebral palsy is prescribed by a neurologist after identifying the causes of the disease and making a diagnosis. During diagnosis, electroencephalography and electroneuromyography are performed to study in more detail the functioning of the child’s brain and muscles. Based on the data received, the treatment process begins immediately in order to avoid more severe consequences, and, as a maximum, to get rid of the disease itself.

Drugs

To relieve convulsions and epileptic seizures, anticonvulsant medications are prescribed, to improve blood circulation - nootropic medications, and in the case of muscle hypertonicity - muscle relaxants. When pain symptoms occur, antispasmodics are prescribed.

In the most serious cases of brain damage, surgery is prescribed.

Massage

Massage for cerebral palsy is used when the child reaches the age of 1.5 months. Massage should be performed only by an experienced specialist who can assess muscle tone. All types of massage are used: classical, segmental, acupressure, according to Manakov.

Parents should not perform these procedures on their own, since only a specialist can correctly calculate the required load and frequency of sessions.

Exercises

Examples of training and exercises to develop muscle groups and joints:

Development of motor skills

The baby is squatting, the adult is also squatting in front of the child. Holding the baby by the belt and placing his hands on his shoulders, the adult pushes the child to make such a movement so that the baby kneels;
From the position of the child on his knees, holding him under the armpits, the adult tilts him to the right and left;
When holding the child, it is necessary to give him the opportunity to stand on one or the other leg.

Development of joint functions

From a position lying on your back, keeping one leg straight, the other should be bent towards the tummy and returned back, changing legs;
From a position lying on your back, raise and lower your legs alternately, bending them at the knees.

Abdominal muscle development

From a position sitting on a chair, the child should be helped to lean forward, and he should perform extension to the initial position independently;
From a position sitting on the floor, the child should reach his toes. An adult helps;
From a lying position, the child raises his legs and throws them behind his head, with the help of an adult.

Removing hypertension

Develop the baby’s hand, moving it in different directions, and lightly shake the hand at short intervals, relaxing the muscles.

Leg muscle training

From a position lying on his back, the adult helps the baby perform flexion and extension movements in the hip joint.

Exercises in water will help relieve muscle tension and increase their tone. A baby swimming in the central pool or even in the bathtub becomes much more energetic and better fights stress and depression. Finding a sick child in a dolphinarium has an amazing effect and helps greatly advance the treatment process.

Child development

The symptoms of cerebral palsy can be overcome by additional development of the child using play manipulations. Fine motor skills involved in playing with pyramids and cubes, rolling a ball, holding and releasing objects, affects the development of both the baby’s mental abilities and his speech apparatus.

As a result of these activities, the child learns to quickly memorize various objects, which leads to more intensive development and smoothing, or complete disappearance of the symptoms of cerebral palsy.

Prevention

You can prevent the occurrence of cerebral palsy in an infant by following certain rules:

Pregnancy should be planned;
The expectant mother should stop smoking and drinking alcohol;
It is necessary to organize proper nutrition during pregnancy and breastfeeding;
Immediately treat all types of infectious and viral lesions of the body;
Establish regular monitoring of hemoglobin levels in the blood of a pregnant woman;
Childbirth should only take place in a clinical setting;
Viral and infectious diseases in the infant should be avoided.

Cerebral palsy: what is it? Causes, forms and treatment of the disease. What is cerebral palsy, what are the signs of this disease and how is it treated? Causes of cerebral palsy

Causes of cerebral palsy syndrome

Cerebral palsy syndrome: symptoms

Forms of cerebral palsy syndrome

Mixed form

Ataxic form

Dyskinetic (hyperkinetic) form

Spastic form

Treatment

There are no trifles in raising a child

Stages of development

In medicine, it is customary to distinguish the following stages of development of cerebral palsy:

Causes of cerebral palsy

Types of cerebral palsy

Manifestation of cerebral palsy in children under one year of age

Such deviations as:

Treatment

Cerebral palsy (CP) - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

General characteristics of cerebral palsy

Causes of cerebral palsy

Characteristic signs of cerebral palsy - symptoms of the disease

Forms of cerebral palsy

Spastic tetraplegia

Spastic diplegia

Hemiplegic form

Dyskinetic (hyperkinetic) form

Ataxic form

Mixed forms

Diagnostics

Features of children with cerebral palsy

Treatment of cerebral palsy and principles of rehabilitation

Working with children with cerebral palsy

Massage and exercise therapy

Massage and exercise therapy according to D. Sandakov - video

Treatment methods for cerebral palsy

Application therapy for cerebral palsy: Lyapko applicators - video

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Signs of cerebral palsy in children under 1 year of age

First signs and delayed symptoms of cerebral palsy in newborns

The first signs that should alert you

Increasing symptoms in newborns

Symptoms based on the form of the disorder

Signs of cerebral palsy in newborns

When can cerebral palsy be diagnosed in a child?

Signs of cerebral palsy in a child

Early signs of cerebral palsy

Later signs of cerebral palsy

Signs of cerebral palsy in infants and infants by week

2 months and older

6 months and older

10 months and older

12 months and older

Diagnostics

What are the signs of cerebral palsy in an infant?

Why does cerebral palsy develop: the main reasons

Visual signs of cerebral palsy

Main symptoms of cerebral palsy

Basic methods for diagnosing cerebral palsy

There are no trifles in raising a child

Stages of development

In medicine, it is customary to distinguish the following stages of development of cerebral palsy:

Causes of cerebral palsy

Types of cerebral palsy

Manifestation of cerebral palsy in children under one year of age

Such deviations as:

Treatment

Forms

Spastic tetraplegia

Dyskinetic

Ataxic

Mixed

Symptoms

Treatment

Drugs

Massage

Exercises

Development of motor skills

Development of joint functions