What is stomatitis and how to treat it. Stomatitis in adults: causes and treatment. Bacterial denture stomatitis –

Stomatitis is a disease of the oral cavity, inflammation of the mucous membrane on the inner surface of the cheeks, gums, and tongue. The disease is accompanied by the formation of wounds and ulcers. The disease is infectious, so the symptoms of inflammation do not go away on their own. Treatment is needed.

It may be an advanced form of catarrhal disease or an independent disease. That is, the symptoms of the disease can immediately appear in the form of ulcers, without a solid white coating. If in the catarrhal form only the upper layer of the mucosa is affected, then in the ulcerative form the mucous membrane becomes inflamed to its entire depth. The temperature often rises and the lymph nodes become enlarged. The cause of ulcerative stomatitis can be gastric ulcer, various poisonings (food, household).

It is a manifestation of a viral infection or an allergic reaction. This is the most complex manifestation of the disease. Aphthous stomatitis in adults is provoked by internal diseases of the body and often becomes chronic. Symptoms of aphthous inflammation of the mucous membrane: large ulcers up to 5 mm in size, covered with a gray or white coating. Photos of aphthous and ulcerative diseases of the oral cavity allow you to visually distinguish the two types of infection.

These two photos are aphthous types of the disease.

One of the forms of aphthous is herpes stomatitis. The ulcers take on the appearance of bubbles (as seen in the photo). The appearance of bubbles on the palate and tongue occurs in a group, later they merge and form a painful erosive area.

And this is herpes stomatitis.

How to treat stomatitis in adults?

To treat stomatitis, the following drugs are needed:

• for disinfection of the oral cavity (to eliminate pathogens);
• for healing existing wounds;
• to restore normal acidity and microflora of the mucous membrane.

Rinsing is a common type of treatment for catarrhal disease of the oral cavity. Catarrhal stomatitis in adults is easily treated by increasing the level of hygiene and irrigation with disinfecting solutions. To do this, use potassium permanganate, herbal infusions of antiseptic action (calendula, chamomile, sage), as well as antiseptic sprays with an anesthetic (pain-relieving) effect.

Soda is used as a rinse (a solution of 1 tablespoon of soda in 100 ml) or as a lubricant (a more concentrated solution, 1 spoon per 50 ml). Pharmaceutical preparations for rinsing include hydrogen peroxide (a solution of 1 tablespoon of peroxide per 100 ml of water), as well as chlorhexidine, furatsilin, miramistin, iodinol.

To boost immunity, drink rosehip infusion, which provides the body with essential vitamins.

For ulcerative stomatitis, wound treatment is supplemented with local lubrication. For this purpose, ready-made pharmaceutical preparations are used (ordinary brilliant green, blue or blue iodine, Lugol, stomatidine, Kamistad, Cholisal). They are applied to the surface of the ulcers with a finger or swab up to 5 times a day. Folk remedies for treating oral infections use a solution of alcoholic propolis for rinsing (1:10 water) and for lubricating (1 part propolis: 5 parts water).

To accelerate the healing of the epithelium, wound healing agents are used (sea buckthorn oil, oil solution of vitamin A - carotoline).

The most difficult to treat with folk remedies is candidiasis and herpes stomatitis. To eliminate viral (herpes virus) and bacterial infections (candida fungus), antiviral and antifungal ointments (interferon, oxolinic or nystatin ointment) are used.

Allergic stomatitis is treated with the use of antihistamines (laratadine, suprastin) and removal of the source of the allergy.

Also, when treating stomatitis, drinking plenty of fluids is recommended (to remove toxins and reduce intoxication of the oral mucosa). Drinking plenty of fluids creates conditions for normal saliva production. The disinfecting properties of salivary secretion will additionally counteract the spread of infection.

Prevention of stomatitis

Stomatitis in adults is considered a recurrent disease, that is, it is prone to return and relapse. In order to prevent a recurrence of the disease, it is necessary to adhere to the rules of prevention:

• wash your hands before eating;
• remove tartar and plaque in a timely manner;
• treat caries promptly;
• treat the gastrointestinal tract in a timely manner;
• provide yourself and your loved ones with a healthy diet, with a balanced combination of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, microelements;
• choose the right toothpaste and mouth rinse.

Stomatitis is not a terrible, but very unpleasant disease of the oral cavity. Its occurrence can be effectively prevented. And timely treatment helps to quickly relieve yourself of painful symptoms.

Stomatitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane in the oral cavity, as a protective reaction of the immune system to various irritants. It usually occurs in children, but recently, due to an unfavorable environmental situation and a massive decrease in immunity among the population, stomatitis has begun to appear more often in adults, the treatment of which we will discuss in this article.

Causes of stomatitis in adults

Bacteria, mycoplasmas, viruses

Various infectious agents have been implicated in the development of oral ulcers. However, for their reproduction additional provoking factors are required, since normally opportunistic bacteria are constantly present in the mucous membrane of the oropharynx and do not cause irritation.

Unbalanced diet

With irrational, poor nutrition, the risk of developing stomatitis increases, especially with regard to insufficient intake of B vitamins, folic acid, iron, and zinc.

Thermal, mechanical, chemical trauma to the oral cavity

Usually patients themselves pay attention to the fact that stomatitis appeared in response to some kind of damage. Thus, stomatitis in the mouth of adults often appears after biting the cheek, a scratch on the sharp edge of a crown, a fragment of a tooth, a denture, after injury from solid food, nuts, crackers, dried fish, etc., or occurs after a chemical burn with acids or alkalis. Most often, minor injuries heal easily, but with other unfavorable factors, stomatitis may develop.

• Violations of personal hygiene rules, eating unwashed fruits, eating with dirty hands.
• Dentures are of poor quality or poorly installed.
• Excessive oral hygiene, especially with regard to the use of toothpaste containing sodium lauryl sulfate; this substance can significantly reduce salivation, thereby leading to dehydration of the oral cavity, and the mucous membrane becomes vulnerable to acids and other irritants.
• The use of medications that affect saliva production, reducing salivation, taking diuretics.
• Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption contribute to the development of mouth ulcers.
• Accompanying illnesses

Very often, stomatitis is a barometer that determines the presence of any disease in a patient, that is, dysfunction of a particular system provokes the development of stomatitis, for example:

• With frequent stomatitis in adults, further comprehensive examination sometimes reveals cancer of the nose, neck, and pharynx.
• Also, after treatment of malignant neoplasms, radiation, chemotherapy, stomatitis may appear.
• Gastrointestinal diseases such as colitis, gastritis, as well as helminthic infestations contribute to the development of ulcers in the mouth and tongue.
• After severe dehydration from prolonged vomiting, diarrhea, significant blood loss, prolonged fever.
• In HIV-infected people, the risk of stomatitis is very high (see).
• Hormonal diseases or natural hormonal surges in women during pregnancy and menopause.
• In patients with diabetes mellitus, bacterial stomatitis of the aphthous type is common.
• Persons with are also at high risk.
• In patients with bronchial asthma who use hormones in inhalers for treatment, candidal lesions of the oral cavity are common.
• Anemia is also a risk factor for developing stomatitis.

Stomatitis is classified depending on the pathogen

• Bacterial - caused by streptococci or staphylococci, which are part of the permanent microflora of the oral cavity and tonsils. They manifest themselves as pustules, which quickly open and form ulcers and erosions.
• Viral - these are lesions of the Epstein-Barr virus (herpetic stomatitis) or herpes simplex (herpes stomatitis). These pathogens lead to blistering eruptions with clear contents, which are transparent until the addition of secondary bacterial flora. The bubbles then open and erode.
• Fungal - most often occurs after a course of antibiotics or when the immune system fails, when there is increased growth of Candida fungi. It appears as dense white deposits, the removal of which leads to painful erosions.
• Radiation - is a consequence of radiation sickness, the action of ionizing radiation. It manifests itself as erosions and areas of thickening of the mucosa.
• Chemical burns of the oral cavity with alkalis or acid, ulcers form, later they scar and deform the mucous membrane.

Symptoms of stomatitis in adults

What does stomatitis look like in adults? Usually, the signs of stomatitis for all types of lesions are the same; in adults, stomatitis very rarely occurs acutely, with symptoms of general intoxication, high fever, etc. However, in any case, if the following signs of stomatitis appear, you should consult a doctor, since in the absence of treatment and Eliminating the causes of its occurrence increases the risk of future relapses:

• Typically, stomatitis begins with slight redness of the affected area, then the area around the source of inflammation becomes edematous, swollen, painful, possibly with a burning sensation.
• With ordinary bacterial stomatitis, the next day a single oval or round ulcer forms in this place, an inflamed red halo appears around it, a thin white film forms in the center, the edges of the ulcer are smooth.
• In addition to the ulcer itself, which is very painful, a person is bothered by increased salivation and bleeding gums.
• Often, the pain from stomatitis is so severe that it prevents many people from chewing food normally, forcing them to limit their movements with their lips and tongue.
• In acute stomatitis, body temperature may rise to 39C, and the lymph nodes will become enlarged.
• The favorite place for localization of ulcers during stomatitis is the lips on the inside, cheeks, tonsils and soft palate, sometimes appearing on the tongue or under it.

Catarrhal stomatitis, caused by a banal violation of oral hygiene, with a mild course can be treated at home on your own, and after a week the person forgets about its appearance. In this case, you should use antiseptic mouth rinses and follow a diet that excludes spicy, hard, too salty or sour, too hot or cold foods.

However, in case of massive damage and some of its serious forms - aphthous, herpetic, ulcerative, you should consult a dentist or therapist. How to treat stomatitis in adults? Treatment of this disease should consist of a set of procedures to quickly eliminate discomfort, pain, and also to avoid the progression and transition of stomatitis into a chronic recurrent form.

Use of painkillers

Sometimes the pain of ulcers greatly interferes with the patient’s ability to lead a normal lifestyle and eat. Therefore, your doctor may recommend the use of some local anesthetics, such as:

• Cathegel with lidocaine (gel in a syringe 170 rubles, prices 2018)- in case of severe pain, you can use a local anesthetic for superficial anesthesia, this is lidocaine + chlorhexidine.
• Hexoral tabs (160 rubles)— the lozenges contain Benzocaine and Chlorhexidine, they have a local analgesic and antimicrobial effect.
• Lidocaine Asept (spray 300 rubles)- an antiseptic with a local anesthetic, often used to treat erosive lesions of the mucous membrane and aphthous stomatitis.
• Lidochlor is a combined drug in the form of a gel that has an antiseptic and local anesthetic effect; the antimicrobial effect and analgesia occur within 5 minutes after applying the gel.
• Kalanchoe juice, decoction, calendula, sage- Can also be used for pain relief and treatment of ulcers.

Antiseptic, anti-inflammatory drugs for stomatitis

In adults, treatment of stomatitis must necessarily include mouth rinses, ointments, sprays, gels, absorbable tablets, lozenges with antimicrobial action:

• Inhalipt spray (80 RUR), Hexoral spray (170 RUR), Lugol spray (100 RUR), Vinylin gel (100 RUR).
• Holisal dental gel (190 rubles)- dental gel, a combined preparation with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic effects.
• Kamistad (280 rubles) is a dental gel with an antiseptic and anesthetic effect, which contains lidocaine and chamomile.
• Ingafitol, Evcarom(50 rubles) - a collection for inhalation and mouth rinsing, consisting of chamomile flowers and eucalyptus leaves.
• Stomatidine (hexetidine solution 270 RUR)- antiseptic with antimicrobial and weak analgesic effect
• Kameton (70 rubles) - aerosol and spray
• Eucalyptus M (200 RUR) – lozenges
• - gel, used as initial therapy for ulcers.

Antiviral, antifungal, antihistamines

They are used depending on the cause of stomatitis, for herpetic stomatitis in adults, treatment consists of the use of antiviral agents in ointments, tablets, for fungal origin of stomatitis (thrush) antifungal agents are used, antihistamines should be used for allergic stomatitis and other types lesions of the oral mucosa.

• Antifungal- nystatin ointment, Levorin, Miconazole gel, Daktarin, Mycozon.
• Antiviral- Acyclovir, Zovirax, tebrofen, interferon ointment, bonaftone, oxolinic ointment.
• Antihistamines- in tablets Tavegil, Suprastin, Loratodin, Claritin, Fenistil.

Agents that accelerate epithelial healing

• Solcoseryl dental (380 rub.) - dental paste that improves trophism and stimulates the process of tissue regeneration in case of stomatitis.
• Karotolin is an oil solution for external use as an antioxidant, vitamin A.
• Sea buckthorn oil (100 rubles), (70 rubles) also have an additional healing effect, because create a protective film.
• or Shostakovsky balm, also helps cleanse wounds, accelerates epithelization and tissue regeneration, and has an anti-inflammatory and antiseptic effect.
• Propolis spray (140 rubles)- an additional remedy for stomatitis in adults, has a beneficial effect on various skin lesions, ulcers, and herpes.

There is a certain classification of stomatitis depending on the pathogen, causes and severity of the inflammatory process of the oral mucosa:

Allergic stomatitis

Today, 30% of the population experience various types of allergic reactions to seemingly harmless substances - plant pollen, food, animal hair, medications, etc. When contacting certain medications or dentures, especially sensitive people may develop allergic stomatitis in oral cavity.

This type of stomatitis is not considered as a separate disease, since it is only part of the general allergic manifestation and treatment comes down to eliminating the allergen, taking antihistamines such as Tavegil, Cetrin, Suprastin, sometimes these drugs are used in the form of applications.

This type of stomatitis is the most common among all types of viral stomatitis, and there are quite a few of them - this includes the chickenpox virus, the influenza virus, and adenoviruses. Among them, the herpes simplex virus is the leader in the frequency of lesions of the oral mucosa. In 90% of cases, the adult population is a carrier of the herpes virus; after the first encounter with it in childhood, it remains in the body in a latent state, without causing any discomfort or causing disease.

But, if for some reason there is a decrease in the body’s defenses, hypothermia, stress, overwork, exacerbation of chronic diseases, and also trauma to the oral mucosa occurs, the virus can become more active and manifest itself in the form of recurrent herpetic stomatitis, which most often forms on the cheeks , tongue and palate.

With herpetic stomatitis in adults, there is usually no acute reaction of the body, such as an increase in body temperature, symptoms of general intoxication, etc. The blisters begin to form in a group at once, then they burst and merge, forming a rather painful erosion.

Herpetic stomatitis under the tongue

Therapy for all viral stomatitis, including herpetic stomatitis, includes:

• Relieving pain with anesthetics - Lidochlor, Lidocaine Asept, etc.
• Relieving inflammation with local anti-inflammatory drugs - Cholisal, Solcoseryl, Karotolin (vitamin A), rosehip oil, accelerating wound healing with Kamistad.
• The use of antihistamines local and oral.
• Taking (sprays, ointments, gels) is possible only as prescribed by a doctor - Oxolin, Acyclovir, Zovirax, Viru Merz Serol, Giporamin (sea buckthorn extract, which has a pronounced antiviral effect). Mass media .
• Vitamin therapy is indicated to improve immunity; it is also possible to use immunomodulators on the recommendation of the attending physician - Cycloferon, Immunal, Polyoxidonium, etc.

Treatment of aphthous stomatitis in adults

To date, the exact causes of this type of stomatitis have not yet been clarified, and some consider adenoviruses and staphylococci to be its causative agent, others attribute it to viral diseases.

Aphthous stomatitis is considered by some doctors as one of the manifestations of general damage to the mucous membranes by herpetic infection, against the background of a decline in immunity. In its chronic form, rashes periodically appear on the lips and cheeks, both single elements and numerous blisters.

Its difference from simple herpetic stomatitis is the appearance of round plaques, that is, aphthae, yellow or white with a red rim. Exacerbations can be quite common and the disease can last for years. If ulcers do not heal within 1-2 weeks, then stomatitis can occur as ulcerative-necrotic. This is a very severe form of the disease, which most often indicates serious health problems in an adult - immunodeficiency conditions, various types of leukemia, radiation or poisoning with heavy metal salts.

For aphthous stomatitis in adults, treatment includes the following steps:

• Treatment of aphthae with boric acid and chamomile. Add 4 grams to a glass with a decoction of chamomile. boric acid and rinse the mouth with this solution.
• A weak solution of potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide diluted 1:1 with water, furatsilin tablets dissolved in water are also suitable for antiseptic rinsing.
• For topical treatment, you can also use sea buckthorn oil, peach oil or Kalanchoe juice.
• For desensitization and detoxification, sodium thiosulfate is used; it is prescribed daily intravenously or 2-3 grams for oral administration as a 10% aqueous solution.
• To increase the body's reactivity, Lysozyme, Prodigiosan, and Pyrogenal are used in combination with other medications.
• A prerequisite for treatment is vitamin therapy, especially Vitamin C, B1, B6, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, folic acid.
• Sedatives and antihistamines are also indicated for aphthous stomatitis.
• Physiotherapeutic methods can be used for treatment: , Ultrasound.
• Diet is also of particular importance; coarse, spicy, sweet foods, alcohol, and smoking are excluded.
• The occurrence of aphthous stomatitis in adults is associated with various pathologies of the endocrine, nervous systems, and gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, prevention of relapse in this stomatitis involves treating concomitant diseases.

Candidal stomatitis in adults

This type of stomatitis occurs mainly only in very weakened people, in patients with diabetes mellitus, during therapy with steroid hormones (Prednisolone, Dexamethasone), in HIV-infected people, in patients with tuberculosis. Since the causative agent of thrush in the mouth is the Candida fungus, which is always present in the oral cavity normally, but under provoking factors begins to actively multiply.

A distinctive feature of this stomatitis is that a curdled coating and white spots first appear on the mucous membrane, when removed, a swollen, reddened inflammatory focus is formed; if the fungal layers begin to layer, then painful erosions form under a dense film. In addition to these symptoms, fungal stomatitis is characterized by seizures, cracks in the corners of the mouth, burning and pain while eating.

For candidal stomatitis in adults, treatment includes the following set of measures:

• The use of antifungal drugs locally and orally - Fluconazole, Pimafucin, Nystatin, Clotrimazole, Levorin, etc. only as prescribed by a doctor.
• Treatment of the affected surface with antifungal ointments, gels, solutions - Nystatin ointment, Levorin ointment, Miconazole gel
• Dentures and the oral cavity are treated with soda solutions, 2-4% borax solution, solution, Lugol spray,.
• Dietary food that excludes easily digestible carbohydrates - confectionery, flour, sweet dishes.

The reasons for such a violation of the oral microflora should be identified together with a gastroenterologist or endocrinologist.

Stomatitis is an inflammatory process of the mucous membranes, which is accompanied by the appearance of ulcers on the inside of the cheeks and lips. Stomatitis is accompanied by copious salivation, swelling, and loss of taste.

It has always been believed that stomatitis is a childhood disease, which often accompanies scarlet fever, diphtheria or measles. However Stomatitis develops independently in adults, which is associated with an imbalance in the flora of the oral cavity. This happens for a number of reasons, the main one of which is related to decreased immunity.

To effectively treat oral stomatitis in adults, an integrated approach is required, including eliminating symptoms, causes, and strengthening the immune system.

Stomatitis in adults creates unpleasant sensations in the mouth and a feeling of discomfort. In this case, treatment is carried out by a set of measures: stomatitis cannot be cured quickly only by taking antibiotics.

There are several types of stomatitis. For example, aphthous, allergic, herpetic, and catarrhal stomatitis are distinguished.

Regardless of the type of disease, drugs containing anti-inflammatory and analgesic components are used.

A number of therapeutic measures are also used in treatment. The main recommendations for the treatment of stomatitis, depending on the type, are presented in the table:

Painkillers, antiseptics for stomatitis

Oral stomatitis in adults is accompanied by pain and burning, which makes eating difficult. Therefore, treatment of any type of stomatitis often begins with the use of local anesthetics and antiseptics.

Hexoral Tabs

The drug is presented in the form of tablets for slow resorption.

The active ingredients of Hexoral Tabs are benzocaine and chlorhexidine, which have an analgesic and antiseptic effect on the affected areas of the oral cavity.

Hexoral is also produced in the form of an aerosol, which contains hexethidine, which fights bacteria. The aerosol must be used 3 times a day.

Kamistad

It is a gel on a natural basis. When applied topically, the gel relieves discomfort and pain and effectively fights bacteria.

The gel smells pleasantly of chamomile. Adults can use Kamistad without restrictions, as needed, but not more than 5-6 times a day(Rub into affected areas).


Note! The drug contains benzalkonium chloride, an antiseptic that stimulates the deposits of iron salts on the teeth. After using Kamistad, black spots form on the tooth enamel, which can be removed by professional cleaning by a dentist.

Instillagel

The gel contains lidocaine and chlorhexidine and is used as a local anesthetic.

A drop of gel is completely rubbed into the affected areas of the oral mucosa.

The drug has contraindications in the form of pregnancy in the first trimester and lactation.

During these periods, the gel is used only when absolutely necessary (consultation with a doctor is important).

Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory medications for stomatitis

For bacterial stomatitis, drugs are used to help fight microbes and inflammatory processes. Complex preparations restore the optimal balance of microflora and heal wounds of the oral mucosa.

Lugol spray

It is an aerosol that is used 4-6 times a day. The spray should be sprayed pointwise, with one click. The aerosol is not recommended to be swallowed. If a significant portion of the spray gets inside, you should consult a doctor.

The active ingredients of the aerosol are potassium iodide and glycerol. Molecular iodine in the spray is effective in combating bacteria and fungi.

The average cost of the drug is 120 rubles.

Contraindications for the use of the spray include:

• pregnancy;
• lactation;
• chronic liver and kidney diseases;
• dermatitis herpetiformis;
• thyrotoxicosis.

Be careful! In case of overdose, it is possible to burn the mucous membranes of the cheeks and lips. You should strictly follow the instructions and use the medication as directed.

Vinylin

A complex drug that fights microorganisms and has an anti-inflammatory effect, promoting the regeneration of mucosal tissue.

Vinylin is presented in the form of a viscous balm (also known as Shostakovsky's balm), which is rubbed into the lesions using a cotton swab. The balm is applied before bed and after meals 3 times a day.

Miramistin

It is a ready-made solution for rinsing. Treatment must be carried out within 7 days.

Rinsing should be done at regular intervals 4 times a day. It is recommended to carry out the procedure after eating.

When the solution comes into contact with the oral mucosa, a slight burning sensation may be felt.

The average price of the drug is 220 rubles.

Healing remedies for stomatitis

Special ointments and tonics are successfully used as healing agents for oral stomatitis in adults. General treatment recommendations:

• apply the ointment to the affected areas (ulcers) using a cotton pad or cotton swab;
• repeat the treatment procedure every 3 hours;
• do not swallow the ointment orally (do not eat after the procedure);
• For stomatitis on the tonsils, it is recommended to use a syringe with a convenient attachment for applying ointment.

Solcoseryl ointment effectively heals stomatitis. Traditional medicine recommends using sea buckthorn oil as an ointment. The drug Imudon, which must be slowly dissolved, also fights ulcers.

Solcoseryl

Due to its oily base, the ointment does not stick to the wet side of the cheeks, so Solcoseryl is used to treat stomatitis on the inside of the lips, as well as damage to the facial skin.

Solcoseryl is available in the form of ointment and gel. The ointment is used for stomatitis in adults only for the treatment of dried ulcers in the mouth, and the gel is used for the treatment of wet wounds.


To effectively heal mouth ulcers, a gel is first applied, and after the wounds have crusted over, they are treated with ointment. Solcoseryl is available in 20 g tubes. The price of the ointment is approximately 250 rubles.

Imudon

The drug is a lozenge containing a mixture of bacterial lysates. Bacteria stimulate the growth of immune cells, activate phagocytosis (the process of capturing foreign particles and microorganisms), which promotes rapid healing of wounds.


Imudon is used 6 tablets per day (every 2 hours). The treatment course is 10 days. The price of the drug is 400-600 rubles.

Sea buckthorn oil

Sea buckthorn oil regenerates damaged tissue, therefore it is effectively used for stomatitis to heal ulcers.

Painful areas of the mucous membrane are lubricated with oil (applied with a cotton swab) after meals 3-4 times a day. Rosehip oil can be used as an alternative remedy.

Antiviral drugs for stomatitis

Viral stomatitis is most often caused by the herpes virus. Anti-inflammatory and healing drugs are not enough in this case. It is necessary to eliminate the cause of stomatitis – the virus. Ointments are used effectively for this.

It is important to know! Viral stomatitis in the mouth of adults should not be started: treatment must begin immediately when the first symptoms are detected. Advanced herpetic stomatitis becomes chronic and manifests itself not only in the oral cavity, but also on other organs.

Oxolinic ointment

An antiviral ointment that successfully fights herpes contains an active antiviral substance - oxolin. Apply the ointment 2-3 times a day to the affected areas, wounds and ulcers.


Oxolinic ointment is an ideal remedy in the fight against stomatitis. The ointment has no side effects and can be used by both adults and children.

Acyclovir ointment

The ointment effectively fights all forms of herpes, including viral stomatitis. The ointment is rubbed into the affected tissue every 4 hours.

Depending on the manufacturer, dosages, forms and volumes, the ointment can cost from 15 to 400 rubles. It has analogues: Acigerpin, Herperax, Vivorax, Zovirax.

Viru-merz-Serol

The drug is presented in the form of a gel, which is applied to the affected areas of the skin. Contains the active substance tromantadine, which not only fights viruses, but also relieves itching, pain, and swelling. The gel helps reduce treatment time.


Apply 3-5 times a day on ulcers (treatment stops if blisters form). The treatment course is 5 days.

Antifungal agents for stomatitis

After a course of antibiotics, there is often a decrease in immunity and the growth of Candida fungi, which can cause stomatitis in the mouth in adults. Treatment in this case involves the use of local antifungal agents in the form of ointments.

Candide

The ointment effectively fights not only fungal stomatitis, but also other types of fungal tissue damage(lichen, erosion, candidiasis, etc.). Contains the active substance clotrimazole, which can be used as a trade name for the ointment.


Also available in powder or lotion form. Apply 2-3 times a day. The ointment is applied to ulcers and wounds.

Mycozon

Another name is Miconazole. Used to combat fungal diseases. For stomatitis, apply (rubbed) onto the affected areas of the oral mucosa 2 times a day.

Pimafucin

It is a cream with the active substance natamycin. Refers to antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antifungal action. Before using the cream, it is recommended to consult a doctor.


Depending on the development of stomatitis, it can be used 1-4 times a day. The cream is rubbed into the affected areas of the oral mucosa.

Stomatitis is an unpleasant disease that must be dealt with immediately at the first symptoms. Stomatitis can be cured on its own within 7-10 days. If stomatitis occurs frequently, it is recommended to consult a doctor.

Causes and treatment of aphthous stomatitis in the mouth in adults:

Symptoms and treatment of herpetic stomatitis:

Stomatitis is inflammation of the oral mucosa. May be accompanied by the formation of blisters, ulcers, and erosions. It also manifests itself as redness, swelling of the mucous membrane, pain, burning sensation when eating. The etiology of the disease is determined by examining smears from the affected mucosa. The problem is treated with painkillers, disinfectants and healing drugs. If there are no complications, maintain hygiene and sanitize the mouth. And these manipulations lead to recovery. What drugs treat stomatitis in adults? What types of diseases exist and how to cope with them?

Causes

Stomatitis acts as an independent disease and as a symptom of systemic disorders. The causes may be pemphigus, systemic scleroderma, streptoderma. More often it acts as an independent disease. Other reasons:

1. Mechanical injuries from chipped teeth, remains of hard food, incorrectly installed dentures. After getting rid of the traumatic factor, the disease goes away on its own.
2. Burn from food or drink that is too hot.
3. Hypersensitivity to food, medications, components of oral products.
4. Infectious stomatitis is often caused by concomitant diseases: bronchial asthma and diabetes mellitus.

1. Smoking.
2. Malocclusion.
3. Failure to comply with oral hygiene rules.
4. Stress.
5. Hypothermia.

What types of stomatitis are there, what are their causes and treatment?

Herpetic stomatitis

This is a form of viral disease caused by the herpes virus. Once contracted, herpes remains in the body forever. Relapses of the disease are caused by the following factors:

1. Decreased immunity, especially after acute respiratory viral infection or hypothermia.
2. Exacerbation of chronic inflammatory diseases: tonsillitis, sinusitis.
3. Vitamin deficiency, allergies, constant stress.
4. Taking corticosteroid drugs that reduce immunity.
5. Trauma to the mucous membrane and red border of the lips.

Also, the cause of the problem may be a decrease in local immunity of the oral mucosa, which leads to a decrease in resistance to pathogenic microorganisms.

1. Soft plaque and tartar accumulate on the teeth.
2. Infection in untreated carious teeth
3. Chronic tonsil infection.
4. Mouth breathing (dry lips and mucous membranes) facilitates the penetration of bacteria and viruses.

The disease lasts about two weeks. At first it manifests itself as malaise, headaches, weakness, and fever. In adults, such symptoms are rarely pronounced. The submandibular lymph nodes become enlarged and painful.

The oral mucosa becomes bright red and swollen. Small blistering rashes form on the redness. The elements can be located in groups of several on the lips, cheeks, tongue, palate, and palatal arches.

The elements fill transparent contents, which gradually become cloudy. After three days they will begin to burst and form many single bright red erosions. Many small manifestations can also merge into one large erosion. They can quickly become covered with a whitish or yellowish coating.

Redness of the marginal part of the gums around the teeth and gingival papillae is observed. Such manifestations resemble the symptoms of acute gingivitis. Rashes form on the red border of the lips and skin.

Treatment

The main treatment for the recurrent form of the disease is antiviral drugs. But they should be used for the first 2-4 days after the onset of stomatitis, until the herpetic blisters burst. After that, these remedies will be ineffective.

Pills

There are drugs that are taken in a one-day course. The dosage is high. The effectiveness of such therapy is not inferior to the effectiveness of weekly treatment using low dosages.

1. Famciclovir (Famvir, Minaker). Take the medicine once a day. It is taken 1500 mg once or divided into two doses of 750 mg with an interval of 12 hours. This is an antiviral agent active against herpes, cytomegalovirus and some other viruses. In the body, it turns into triphosphate and stops the virus from multiplying. Effective in the initial manifestation and exacerbation of chronic infection. Contraindications: lactose intolerance, pregnancy, lactation. Side effects: drowsiness, confusion, dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting, allergies.
2. Valaciclovir (Valtrex, Valavir). Apply 2000 mg twice a day with an interval of 12 hours. It is less effective than the previous drug, but it is more effective than Acyclovir. Contraindications: hypersensitivity to components, HIV infection, children under 12 years of age.

Local agents

These include some antiviral gels and antiseptic rinses. Solutions that do not have activity against the herpes virus will be ineffective. For example, Chlorhexidine, herbal infusions.

1. Miramistin. Rinse your mouth about 4 times a day for a minute. Afterwards, an application is made with Viferon-gel.
2. Viferon-gel. Contains interferons, which have antiviral and immunostimulating effects. The mucous membrane is dried with a gauze swab, then the gel is applied to the affected areas. Apply up to four times a day for a weekly course.

Immunostimulants

Such drugs are not used to treat the herpetic form without the drugs described above. They boost immunity and prevent new outbreaks.

1. Amiksin (0.125 g). In the first two days of the disease, take a tablet once a day. The rest of the time, take a tablet every other day. The course should be 20 tablets.
2. Imudon is used to increase local immunity of the oral cavity. Available in the form of lozenges. Use 6 tablets per day for 20 days.
3. It will also be useful to take a three-month course of vitamin complexes.

If you have a temperature above 38 degrees, take antipyretic drugs. If you drink such drugs at a lower temperature, they will reduce the production of interferons and will prevent the formation of full immunity.

Herpetic stomatitis is a contagious disease. During the period of treatment, you must stop kissing, drink drinks from the same bottle and cup, and eat from the same spoon.

Aphthousstomatitis

More often, such stomatitis appears in the anterior parts of the oral cavity - on the mucous membrane of the lips and cheeks. There she is injured by hard food or, more often, by teeth. The disease rarely leads to disruption of the general condition, but weakness and low fever may occur.

Round or oval aphthae (erosions) up to 10 mm in size appear in the mouth. They are surrounded by a bright red rim, and they themselves are covered with a whitish-gray coating. When touching the aphthae, a person feels a sharp pain, which makes eating difficult. Symptoms may take about 10 days to appear.

Reasons for appearance:

1. Microbial allergies, as well as allergies to food and medications.
2. Immunity impairment.
3. Chronic gastrointestinal diseases.
4. Staphylococcus. This pathogenic microorganism is found in dental plaque, deposits, carious defects, and on the tonsils (in the presence of chronic inflammation).

Treatment

Immediately after erosion occurs, allergy-causing foods (honey, chocolate, strawberries, citrus fruits, nuts) are excluded from the diet. Hot, spicy, rough foods are prohibited. The aphthous form of the disease also develops as an allergic reaction to drugs. If you are taking any medications, you must inform your doctor. It is possible to replace this drug with a safer analogue.

Antiallergic drugs will help: Suprastin, Tavegil, Claritin, Diazolin and other analogues. Drink for 10 days.

The doctor will also prescribe antiseptic rinses and treatment with anti-inflammatory gels with an analgesic effect. Aphthae are treated with Miramistin and Cholisal-gel. The drug has anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. These products are used 4 times a day. Cholisal gel is applied after Miramistin. The mucous membrane should be dried with a gauze pad before applying the gel.

Stomatofit-A is a thick balm with medicinal herbs and anesthetic Anestezin. Has anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Apply with a cotton swab to the erosion. The composition includes chamomile, sage, calamus, oak bark, arnica, thyme, mint. Provides a comprehensive effect on various symptoms. It has antiseptic, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory and astringent effects.

After the acute symptoms and pain are relieved, epithelializing drugs are taken: Solcoseryl-gel. This remedy promotes rapid healing. Local immunity is increased by Imudon.

It is necessary to cure all caries, remove dental plaque and regularly perform oral hygiene.

Catarrhalstomatitis

A distinctive feature is the absence of ulcers, rashes and other defects. This is the most common form. Symptoms may be sluggish, and the patient’s visit to the doctor, as well as diagnosis and treatment will be late. Then an infection can join the process. Catarrhal stomatitis in adults is dangerous due to the development of complications, ulcerative necrotic stomatitis. For this reason, timely diagnosis and treatment are necessary.

The main reasons: trauma to the mucous membrane, poor oral hygiene, decreased immunity. This is a very favorable environment for the proliferation of harmful bacteria. The disease often occurs during the eruption of baby teeth in children, as well as against the background of acute infections causing measles, scarlet fever, influenza, etc. Additional factors: disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, circulatory and endocrine systems, vitamin deficiency, smoking.

Main symptoms: hyperemic and swollen oral mucosa. There is a feeling as if the cheeks are swelling from the inside. White plaque covers infected wounds and microcracks. The gums bleed, the mucous membrane is painful, and it is difficult for the patient to speak and eat.

Treatment

Therapy is aimed at getting rid of inflammation. The mouth is rinsed with Chlorhexidine, hydrogen peroxide, and herbal decoctions.

To increase the effectiveness of treatment, the factors that provoked catarrhal stomatitis are eliminated. Tartar and deposits are removed, carious cavities are filled. All manipulations are carried out very carefully, otherwise the inflamed mucous membrane can be damaged.

The patient is prescribed vitamin complexes and a gentle diet. You will have to give up rough, spicy, hot and spicy food. Usually these actions are enough for recovery. If improvement does not occur, look for a cause related to damage to other organs or decreased immunity.

Vincent's stomatitis

Vincent's ulcerative-necrotizing stomatitis causes a symbiosis of fusbacteria and spirochetes. They multiply against the background of poor oral hygiene, suppressed immunity, smoking, and after ARVI. Usually a complication of catarrhal form.

At the beginning, your health worsens, weakness, headache, and fever occur. The gums bleed, the mucous membrane becomes dry. At the height of the disease, weakness intensifies, the temperature can rise to very high levels. Saliva is produced abundantly, the gums bleed heavily, and a putrid odor appears from the mouth. Palpation of foci of inflammation causes sharp pain, which makes it impossible to eat and perform oral hygiene. Necrotic gingival papillae and mucous membranes are covered with a light gray coating.

Treatment

Therapy is carried out only by a doctor, otherwise massive necrosis of the gums and exposure of tooth roots is possible. Under anesthesia, necrotic tissue, microbial plaque and deposits will be removed. The lesions are then treated with an anti-inflammatory gel. The course of treatment is 12 days.

Preparations:

1. A combination of antibiotics is prescribed for a course of 10 days: Lincomycin in injections with Metronidazole tablets, Claforan in injections with Metronidazole tablets and others.
2. You need to rinse your mouth with Chlorhexidine 4 times a day for a minute.
3. The lesions are treated with gel after rinsing and drying with gauze. Cholisal or Metrogil-denta is applied to the gums and mucous membranes three times a day.
4. It is mandatory to take antiallergic drugs: Suprastin, Tavegil, Pipolfen or others.
5. Medicines with analgesic and antipyretic effects are taken as needed.
6. You need to take vitamins for three months.

Important: ointments for stomatitis are usually not used. Ointments and creams are not suitable for the oral mucosa. Nothing will be absorbed from the ointment; it will be effective only on the surface layer of the mucosal epithelium. The ointment is difficult to fix on the mucous membrane, it is quickly swallowed. For this reason, gels are usually used for treatment.

Antibiotics help only with the ulcerative-necrotic form. In case of herpetic and aphthous forms, their use is inappropriate.

Prostheticstomatitis

It is divided into allergic and bacterial forms. The mucous membrane of the prosthetic bed turns red. Allergic denture stomatitis is possible due to an allergy to dentures. Usually occurs due to the unprofessionalism of the dental technician and failure to comply with the proportions of the components from which the plastic for the prosthesis is made. If there is more monomer in the prosthesis than expected, an allergy will occur. The problem is solved by replacing the low-quality design. If the clinic refuses to do this at its own expense, you can try to conduct an examination for monomer content and again make claims to the clinic.

Bacterial denture stomatitis occurs due to poor care of dentures. Many pathogenic microorganisms will accumulate on its surface. Such a structure will smell very bad. Dentures should be cleaned after every meal.

The mouth is rinsed with Chlorhexidine for 10 days and the lesions are treated with Cholisal-gel. It is preferable to apply the gel to the entire inside of the structure.

Treatment with folk remedies

The following recipes, along with medications, will help get rid of stomatitis:

1. Aloe or Kalanchoe relieve inflammation. During the day, you rinse your mouth with the juice of these plants or simply chew the washed leaves.
2. Garlic has a bactericidal effect. It is crushed and mixed with sour cream. The mixture should be kept in your mouth for half an hour.
3. Raw potatoes are grated or cut into thin slices. It is applied to the affected areas.
4. Carrot juice is diluted with water in half. Rinse your mouth three times a day. The juice of white cabbage is used in the same way.
5. A tablespoon of anise fruit is poured into a glass of boiling water, left for half an hour, and filtered. Rinse your mouth three times a day for catarrhal stomatitis.
6. Separately, take a spoonful of bergenia, verbena, chamomile, calendula, oak bark, pour a glass of boiling water, and boil in a water bath for a quarter of an hour. They insist for an hour. Infusions will remove inflammation, disinfect the oral cavity, and relieve pain.
7. Dilute the propolis tincture halfway with water. Propolis will have an anti-inflammatory effect. If you alternate rinsing with propolis and hydrogen peroxide, the disease will go away faster.
8. Half a glass of burdock root is poured with 100 g of hot sunflower oil. Leave for 24 hours, bring to a boil, and cook over low heat for 15 minutes. Treat lesions.

Rinsing with warm infusions, juices, and decoctions is carried out several times a day and continues even when acute signs of the disease are eliminated.

Timely diagnosis and proper treatment provide a favorable prognosis. But with mild symptoms, patients avoid the help of a dentist and go to the doctor only when complications and severe inflammation develop. The main methods for preventing stomatitis are maintaining oral hygiene, timely treatment of dental diseases, quitting smoking and a balanced diet.

Stomatitis, which means “mouth” in ancient Greek, is the most common name for a group of diseases of the oral mucosa. The disease should not be confused with glossitis (damage to the tongue), cheilitis (damage to the lips) and palatinitis (damage to the palate). Stomatitis is not contagious, but almost every person has directly or indirectly encountered one or another type of the disease. Once you have been ill, the chance of recurrence of the disease is very high.

Correctly diagnosing stomatitis is difficult. The doctor often assesses the situation only visually - in medicine there are no special tests for this disease. The difficulty of diagnosing stomatitis also lies in the fact that it can be a symptom of more serious diseases.

Causes of stomatitis

The mechanism of stomatitis, unfortunately, has not yet been fully identified, so there are many causes of the disease:

microorganisms that cause infection, acting directly on the oral mucosa;

diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;

diseases of the cardiovascular system;

general weakening of the immune system;

avitaminosis;

metabolic disorders;

nervous disorders;

malignant tumors;

hormonal fluctuations;

various injuries in the form of abrasions of the oral mucosa;

• heredity.

Among the causes of stomatitis there are also local factors. Elementary lack of oral hygiene, caries, dysbacteriosis, poorly made or poorly installed dentures, the consequences of using medications, nicotine and alcohol consumption, as well as allergic reactions to products. Of particular note is the use of toothpastes containing sodium lauryl sulfate. Various studies have proven that they provoke the occurrence of stomatitis and its exacerbation.

Symptoms of stomatitis

Light redness of the oral mucosa is the first symptom of stomatitis. Over time, they swell and a burning sensation appears. If treatment is not started at this stage, the redness is replaced by small oval or round ulcers, grayish or white, with a red halo and a film on top. Moreover, the tissue around them looks absolutely healthy. Mouth ulcers are very painful and make eating difficult. They appear on the inner surface of the cheeks and lips, under the tongue. In most cases, mild stomatitis manifests itself as one ulcer.

The appearance of several ulcers of larger size and depth, which sometimes merge into one, are signs of more severe forms of stomatitis. The appearance of ulcers is accompanied by fever, inflammation of the lymph nodes, general deterioration of health, headache, loss of appetite and constipation. Acute stomatitis is accompanied by severe pain in the mouth, which interferes with eating and speaking. In addition, there may be excessive salivation, a coating on the tongue, a bright red mouth, irritability, and vomiting after eating.

Types of stomatitis

There are many types of oral stomatitis.

Catarrhal stomatitis

The most common type of stomatitis. With this unpleasant disease, the oral mucosa becomes swollen, painful, hyperemic, and may be covered with a white or yellow coating. There is an increased secretion of saliva. All this may be accompanied by bleeding gums and bad breath. The causes are local factors: poor hygiene, caries, tartar, oral candidiasis. Catarrhal stomatitis also occurs as a result of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and worms.

A more severe disease than catarrhal disease. It can develop independently or be an advanced form of catarrhal stomatitis. Most often it develops in people suffering from gastric ulcers or chronic enteritis, diseases of the cardiovascular system and blood, infections and poisoning. With ulcerative stomatitis, the entire thickness of the mucous membrane is affected, there is an increase in temperature to 37.5 0C, weakness, headache, enlargement and tenderness of the lymph nodes. Eating is accompanied by severe pain.

Causes of the disease: gastrointestinal tract, allergic reactions, viral infections, rheumatism, and heredity.
Aphthous stomatitis has symptoms:

• the appearance on the oral mucosa of single or multiple aphthae - small ulcers (3 - 5 millimeters) of gray-white color with a narrow red rim;
• bad feeling;
• increased temperature and pain of ulcerative lesions.

The disease can have an acute form or occur chronically with periods of exacerbation and remission, the so-called chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis.

Candidal stomatitis

It is a fungal disease that most often appears in young children (stomatitis in children) and the elderly. This type of stomatitis is caused by a fungus (usually the Candida genus) and develops mainly when the body’s immune forces decrease, as a result of long-term treatment with strong antibacterial drugs, as well as against the background of another chronic disease. Candidal stomatitis has the following symptoms:

• burning sensation in the mouth and larynx,
• white coating on the tongue and mouth,
• hyperemia and bleeding of the mucous membrane,
• bad taste in the mouth or loss of taste.

This type of stomatitis is considered contagious and can be transmitted both through household and sexual contact.

Herpetic or herpes stomatitis

Occurs in both adults and children. It is caused by the herpes simplex virus and can be acute or chronic. Symptoms of herpetic stomatitis:

in mild cases, small blisters appear, resembling aphthae;

the severe form is characterized by multiple rashes on the mucous membrane;

swelling and inflammation of the lining of the oral cavity;

increased salivation;

general malaise;

toxicosis;

elevated temperature;

enlarged lymph nodes;

burning sensation and pain when eating.

The peculiarity of herpetic stomatitis is that the herpes virus remains in the body forever.

Allergic stomatitis also occurs; read more about the disease in the article.

Allergic stomatitis

It is an allergic disease that can occur in both adults and children. Its etiology is different: if in childhood the allergen is most often food products introduced into the child’s diet for the first time, then in adult patients the triggering mechanism for the pathological reaction may be weakening of the immune system due to the use of certain medications, rejection of dentures or advanced inflammatory processes in the oral cavity.

The characteristic signs of allergic stomatitis are:

itching in the mouth, increasing after eating;

severe swelling of the oral mucosa;

secretion of a large amount of thick saliva;

hyperthermia;

unbearable pain;

bad breath.

For the treatment of allergic stomatitis, in addition to visiting a dentist, consultation with an immunologist and an infectious disease specialist is recommended.

How to treat stomatitis?

Possible complications

If stomatitis in the mouth is left untreated, it will certainly lead to negative consequences, from gum inflammation to tooth loss. That is why it is extremely important when treating stomatitis to strictly adhere to the recommendations given by your dentist. The list of major potential complications includes the following diseases.

• Chronic stomatitis. Statistically, this is the most common complication. An untreated inflammatory process becomes chronic and recurrent, which means that an infectious focus will always be present in the body.


• Appearance of scars. A symptom such as bleeding gums can be a manifestation of many diseases, but with stomatitis, due to constant non-healing cracks in the oral cavity, scar tissue forms, which in the future may not allow the patient to open his mouth wide.


• Laryngitis. If the infection spreads up the respiratory tract, the patient's voice becomes hoarse and a cough appears.


• Vision problems. With advanced herpetic stomatitis, the target of damage becomes not only the gums, but also the mucous membranes of other organs. Most often, these are the eyes and genitals.


• Loss of teeth. The most dangerous complication of stomatitis. The main threat is the fact that the destructive process can last for many years and may not be noticeable to the patient at first. First, periodontal disease will develop - serious damage to periodontal tissue. And only then, as a consequence, the teeth will gradually become looser until they fall out.

Stomatitis and treatment at home

Treatment of stomatitis at home primarily involves the use of various herbal decoctions and infusions with antiseptic, anti-inflammatory and immunostimulating effects. For example, even doctors recommend rinsing with calendula - it has a strong antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effect and promotes healing. Chamomile is an excellent antiseptic - it is one of the most popular remedies that is widely used in folk and official medicine.

Stomatitis is treated using folk remedies not only for rinsing, but also for oral administration. For example, rosehip decoction is a real storehouse of vitamins and other substances necessary for the human body. It improves immunity, prevents the development of inflammatory processes, and also helps destroy harmful bacteria. Despite the miraculous power of herbs, it should be remembered that candida and herpetic stomatitis will not be eliminated by such folk treatment, since fungi and viruses are not affected by antiseptic, anti-inflammatory and immune-modifying agents.

Prevention of stomatitis

The basis for the prevention of stomatitis is compliance with the rules of oral hygiene. Brushing your teeth twice a day with an ultrasonic brush and visiting a hygienist every six months are mandatory. It is important to monitor the general condition of your teeth. Wearing braces or dentures will require special attention, as they can injure the oral mucosa.

To prevent stomatitis, it is very important to be careful about your diet. Using special tests, it is recommended to identify and exclude foods that cause allergies from the diet. You should not eat foods that have a traumatic or irritating effect on the oral mucosa: crispy, salty, hot and spicy foods. Tomato and orange juices and alcohol are not recommended. The diet must be sufficiently balanced, since a lack of vitamins and microelements can cause an attack of the disease. Remember that stomatitis is always recurrent, that is, it occurs periodically during periods of general weakening of the body.

If you have had stomatitis at least once in your life, there will always be a risk of it occurring again. Therefore, prevention comes to the fore. Avoid bad habits, stick to a diet, try not to be nervous and, of course, maintain oral hygiene!