Einstein's riddle is a logic puzzle. Einstein's riddle and principles for solving it 5 different people in houses

So, if you have not yet tried to solve it yourself, and even if you have tried, I recommend that you first look at that article (if only because there is several varieties of Einstein's riddle).

In this article I will give solution to Einstein's riddle and I will answer the question: who raises the fish?

By the way, I had to do a little magic with the order of displaying articles on the blog, so that it would be displayed first (at the top), and immediately below it (that is, this article).

So, we refreshed our memories by watching the previous entry, remembered the conditions, and now let’s move on to the actual solving Einstein's riddle.

Einstein's riddle solution and answer.

For convenience, we will divide the solution into 4 parts and use tables. And for your convenience, open the condition, since we will often refer to it.

1 part.

Next, we can determine what color the first house (Norwegian) is - from (3) it is clear that it can be neither white nor green; it also cannot be red (2). Therefore the first house is the Norwegian's house - Yellow.

From (6) the first house is where Dunhill is smoked, and from (13) the second house is where a horse is kept.

Now let’s determine what the Norwegian drinks (first house, yellow, Dunhill cigarettes). From (4) it is clear that this is not tea, from (15) this is not coffee, from (8) this is not milk, from (14) this is not beer; therefore it is water. So the Norwegian drinks water!

Now let’s put all our thoughts into a table:

Part 2.

From (9) it is clear that the person from the 2nd house (blue) smokes Rothmans.

Let us now determine the nationality of the person from the second house (blue house, smokes Rothmans, owns a horse). Of course, this is not a Norwegian, from (2) - not an Englishman, from (11) - not a Swede, from (7) - not a German. This means that a Dane lives in the second house, who also (4) drinks tea!

Part 3.

Using (15) it becomes clear that the green house is not the third one, because they drink coffee there, not milk. Also, he is not the fifth one, since there is a house on the right (3). Then the Green House is the third, and the White House is the fifth, and the Red House is the third, and an Englishman also lives in it (2). This means that in the green house they drink coffee, and for the white house there is only beer. According to (14), they smoke Winfield in the white house (they also smoke in the white house! joke).

So, the sign:

Part 4

Let's determine the place of residence of a German who smokes Marlboro (7). And he can only live in the 4th green house. Therefore, the Pall Mall smoker breeds birds and lives in the third red house - this is a man from England.

The Swede has only the fifth house left. From (11) – the Swede has a dog. From (5) – the cat lives in the first or third house, but the third is already occupied by birds, which means the cat is still in the first house.

As you can see, there is only one question mark left in the table... Yes, yes, yes, this is an animal, these are fish!!! Now everyone understands who breeds fish? after all, all the animals are already busy.

So, German breeds fish, who lives in the fourth green house, drinks coffee and smokes Marlboro.

There are five houses of different colors: red, green, white, yellow and blue. Each is inhabited by people of different nationalities: German, Swedish, Danish, Norwegian and English. Each of them drinks one type of drink, smokes one brand of cigarettes and owns one pet. Each of them is unique within the group (drink, brand of cigarettes, animal is not repeated!).

Question: who keeps the fish if:

1. The Englishman lives in a red house;

2. The Swede is holding a dog;

3. The Dane drinks tea;

4. The green house is to the left of the white one, and its tenant is drinking coffee;

5. Camel smoker holding a bird;

6. The resident of the house in the middle drinks milk;

7. The tenant of the yellow house smokes Dunhill;

8. A Norwegian lives in the first house;

9. A Marlboro smoker lives next to the cat owner;

10. The horse owner lives next to the Dunhill smoker”;

11. The Kent smoker drinks beer;

12. Norwegian's house - next to the blue house;

13. The German smokes Rothmans;

14. A Marlboro smoker lives next to someone who drinks water.

Answer

The Tsar lives in the Eliysky four-story palace with his family: his wife, son and daughter. Everyone lives on their own floor and occupies one floor. The royal family enjoys fish breeding, drawing, astronomy and badminton. The family loves to eat fish soup, jelly, ribs and pilaf. The family's favorite colors are blue, white, orange and green.

Your task is to figure out which family member lives on which floor, what they like to eat, what their hobbies are and guess everyone’s favorite color. It is known that:

A badminton fan's favorite color is blue.
The person who lives on the first floor likes to eat pilaf.
Those who love ribs prefer orange.
The astronomer lives 2 floors above the one who breeds fish.
My son lives on the top floor.
My wife and daughter are neighbors on the floors.
The resident of the second floor prefers jelly.
Anyone who is interested in drawing loves fish soup.
The lover of green lives above the lover of white.
The king does not rise above the second floor.

Solution
Guess 1: Since “The King does not rise above the second floor,” he can be located either on the 1st or 2nd floor.
Guess 2: Since “Wife and daughter are neighbors on the floor”, neither of them can live on the 1st floor. After all, if one of them occupies the 1st floor, then the second, since they are neighbors, occupies the 2nd, and this is impossible in view of Guess 1. This means that the wife and daughter can occupy either the 2nd and 3rd floors, or the 3rd and 4th floors.
Guess 3: Since “The Son lives on the top floor,” then, in view of Guess 1 and Guess 2, the King lives on the 1st floor.
Guess 4: Since “The person who lives on the first floor likes to eat pilaf,” then, in view of Guess 3, the Tsar eats pilaf.
Assumption 1: 50% to 50%: the wife lives on the 2nd floor, and the daughter lives on the 3rd floor.
Guess 5: Since “The resident of the second floor prefers jelly,” then, in view of Assumption 1, the wife eats jelly.
Guess 6: Since, according to Guess 3 and Guess 5, the king eats pilaf and the wife eats jelly, then either the son eats fish soup and the daughter eats ribs, or the daughter eats fish soup and the son eats ribs.
Assumption 2: 50% to 50%: the son eats fish soup, and the daughter eats ribs.
Guess 7: According to the fact that “A person who is keen on drawing loves fish soup”, and in view of Assumption 2, the son is engaged in drawing.
Guess 8: According to the fact that “Whoever likes ribs prefers the color orange,” and in view of Assumption 2, the daughter likes orange.
Guess 9: Since “The astronomer lives 2 floors above the one who breeds fish,” then, in view of Guess 7 and the fact that “The son lives on the top floor,” the astronomer lives on the 3rd floor, and the resident of the 1st floor breeds fish.
Guess 10: Since “The favorite color of someone who is fond of badminton is blue,” by elimination, this is the resident of the 2nd floor.
Guess 11: Since “The lover of green lives above the lover of white,” by the method of elimination - the son loves green, and the king loves white.

Problem sent by Andrey “sao”
Source

Einstein's riddle is a famous logical problem, the authorship of which is attributed to Albert Einstein.

It is believed that this puzzle was created by Albert Einstein during his childhood. There is also an opinion that it was used by Einstein to test candidate assistants for logical thinking ability.

Some attribute to Einstein a reasoning in which he claims that only two percent of the world's population is able to mentally operate with patterns associated with five signs at once. As a particular consequence of this, the above puzzle can be solved without the use of paper only by those who belong to these two percent. However, there is no documented evidence that Einstein ever made such a claim.

In its most difficult version, the problem involves solving it in your head, without using any notes or means of storing information. Without these restrictions, the puzzle noticeably loses in complexity, since it can be solved by simply drawing up a table with the elimination of obviously contradictory options - and therefore says little about the abilities of the subject.

There are many different options for problem conditions. In some of them, the riddle question sounds like “Who breeds fish?”, in others the unknown animal is a zebra. The nationalities of the five people mentioned also change. Here is the first known published version of the puzzle, which appeared in Life International magazine in the December 17, 1962 issue. The issue of March 25, 1963 contained the solution listed below and a list of several hundred names of readers who correctly solved the problem.

Problem text

On one side of the street there are five houses in a row, each with a different color. Each one contains a person, all five are of different nationalities. Each person prefers a unique brand of cigarette, drink and pet. Besides:
An Englishman lives in a red house.
The Swede is holding a dog.
They drink coffee in the green house.
The Dane prefers tea.
The green house is next door to the left of the white one.
The Pall Mall smoker raises birds.
In the yellow house they smoke Dunhill.
They drink milk in the house in the middle.
The Norwegian lives in the first house.
A person who smokes Marlboro lives next to the cat's owner.
The house where Dunhill is smoked is next to where the horse is kept.
A Winfield lover drinks beer.
The German smokes Rothmans.
A Norwegian lives next to the blue house.
Someone who smokes Marlboro lives next to someone who drinks water.

Question:
U who does the fish live for? ?

Solution option: Let's start with the use of symbols: nationality: House color: Cigarettes Drinks: Animal A - Englishman a - red 1 - PallMall I - tea % - dog B - Swede b - green 2 - Dunhill II - coffee + - bird B - Dane c - yellow 3 - Marlboro III- milk No. - cat G - Norwegian d - white 4 - Winfield IV - beer - - horse D - German e - blue 5 - Rothmans V - water = - fish

And make a table :

Nationality:I I I I I I

House color: I I I I I I

What he smokes: I I I I I I

What he drinks: I I I I I I

Animal: I I I I I I

And based on the condition, we fill out the matrix:
1."A" in the same column as "a"
2."B" in the same column as "%"
3."b" in the same column as "II"
4."B" in the same column as "I".
5."b" adjacent to the left of the column with "d"
6.1" in the same column with "+"
7."c" in the same column as "2"
8."III" in third column
9"G" in the first column
10."3" in the adjacent column with "No."
11.2" in the adjacent column with "-"
12.4" in the same column as "IV"
13."D" in the same column as "5"
14. "Г" in the adjacent column with "e"
15.3" in adjacent column with "V"

Solution

Attention! Below is the solution.

Progress of the decision

Below is the solution.

STEP 1

According to the condition, the Norwegian lives in the first house (9). From (14) it follows that the second house is blue.

What color is the first house? It can't be green or white because it's at home? these two colors should be located next to each other (5). It cannot be red either, because an Englishman lives in a red house (1). So, the first house is yellow.

Consequently, in the first house they smoke “Dankhel” (7), and in the second house they keep a horse (11).

What does the Norwegian drink (who lives in the first, yellow house and smokes Danhel)? This is not tea, because the Dane drinks tea (4). And not coffee, because they drink coffee in a green house (3). And not the milk that is drunk in the third house (8). And not beer, because the person who drinks beer smokes Winfield (12). Therefore, a Norwegian drinks water.

STEP 2

From (15) it follows that the person living in the second, blue, house smokes Marlboro.

What nationality is the person who lives in the second, blue, house, prefers Marlboro and owns a horse? This is not a Norwegian - he is in the first house (9). Not an Englishman - he is in the red house (1). Not a Swede - a Swede has a dog (2). Not a German - a German smokes Rothmans (13). This means that a Dane lives in the second house and, as follows from (4), drinks tea.

STEP 3

The green house cannot be the third because they drink coffee, not milk (3). The green house cannot be the fifth house because there is a house (5) to the right of it. Therefore, the green house is the fourth. This means that the white house is the fifth, and the red house is the third, and an Englishman lives in it (1). In the green house they drink coffee, and for the white house there is only beer. From (12) it follows that they smoke Winfield in the white house.

STEP 4

Where does the German who smokes Rothmans live (13)? He can only live in the fourth, green house. This means that a person who smokes Pal Mal and raises birds can only live in the third, red house - this is an Englishman.

Then the Swede, who has a dog (2), is left with the fifth house. According to condition (10), a cat lives in the first or third house, but birds live in the third house, which means the cat is in the first house.

Therefore, the fish is kept German.

Answer

Of course, this solution assumes that the animal missing in the conditions of the problem is the desired fish. In addition, it is assumed that the first house is on the left. However, this is not stated directly in the terms and conditions. Many therefore argue that the only correct answer is “there is not enough data in the problem,” since we cannot be sure that fish, for example, even live in at least one of these houses. However, this judgment is often used to “cover up” one’s failure to solve a problem.

Amendment

If we assume that the first house is on the right, and a Norwegian lives in it (according to the conditions of the problem), then the first one on the left is green, and next to it is white, then red and blue. The difference between the first option for solving the problem is the arrangement of houses by color (and the condition does not say anything about this). As a result, the solution to the problem is the same as in the first option - the German breeds the fish, drinks the coffee, and smokes the Rothmans.

And there is also another method of solving the problem: take a sheet of paper, place the easiest options in columns, and write the rest in each column (the column is the house number) where this or that could be (the colors are already arranged, which means animals, cigarettes, nationality, drink).... when you write everything down, then by the method of elimination! The solution may be more complicated. but effective and correct! For example, in the column where the Norwegian is, there will be only water and a cat, there will be no other options, so in other columns we cross out this animal and drink, everything else is by elimination.. GOOD LUCK!

The hunter unexpectedly came face to face with a bear in a vacant lot. Both got scared and ran in different directions: the hunter to the north, and the bear to the west. After running some distance, the hunter came to his senses, pointed the gun exactly to the South, shot and killed the bear.
What color was the bear?

This story took place at the North Pole. When the hunter fired, he must have been directly in the center of the North Pole. Is it more or less clear now? It will not be difficult to guess that the bear could have been exclusively WHITE. I've heard other solutions to this puzzle (even ones that say there are no bears at the North and South Poles), but the above explanation makes the most sense to me.

Neighbours

Some claim that this riddle was created by Einstein as a child, and that 98% of people will not be able to solve this problem.
There are 5 houses of different colors on the street. In every house there lives a person of a different nationality. Everyone has their own favorite drink, everyone prefers their own brand of cigarettes, and everyone has their own different pet.

1. An Englishman lives in a red house.
2. The Swede is holding a dog.
3. The Dane is drinking tea.
4. The green house is next to the white house, on the left.
5. The owner of a green house loves coffee.
6. The man who smokes Pall Mall is a bird raiser.
7. The owner of the yellow house prefers to smoke Dunhill.
8. The person living in the middle house drinks only milk.
9. The Norwegian lives in the first house.
10. The man who smokes Blends lives next door to the cat owner.
11. The horse's owner lives next door to the Dunhill smoker.
12. Anyone who smokes Blue Master drinks beer.
13. The German prefers Prince cigarettes.
14. The Norwegian's house is next to the blue house.
15. One of the Blends smoker's neighbors drinks only water.

Who breeds fish?
Are you part of the 2% who can solve this problem?