Accessible environment official government program. Goals and features of the state program “Accessible Environment” for people with disabilities

According to 2017 statistics, there are about 15 million people with disabilities in Russia, which is 10% of the total population. This is hard to believe, since it is rare to meet a disabled person in public places. The reason for this is the infrastructure of Russian cities, which is absolutely not adapted to the needs of people with disabilities. The Government of the Russian Federation intends to correct this situation with the help of the federal program “Accessible Environment”. Let us consider what the main objectives and stages of this program are, as well as what results have been achieved to date.

Legislation

The authorities became concerned about creating comfortable living conditions for people with disabilities after Russia signed the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in September 2008. In the same year, the government adopted, which became the starting point of the “Accessible Environment” program. Later, the program was extended more than once, and the latest regulatory document in force in relation to it is (as amended on November 9, 2017).

Timing of the program

According to the latest resolution, the total implementation period of the program is 2011-2020. It includes 4 stages.

1. Preparation of the legislative framework in the period from 2011 to 2012.
2. Formation of the material base from 2013 to 2015. This implies additional equipment of public facilities with special devices for people with disabilities, construction of rehabilitation centers, their technical equipment, etc.
3. The years 2016-2018 will see the implementation of the main objectives of the state program, which we will consider later.
4. From 2019 to 2020, a period is planned to take stock of the work done and develop further directions for development.

The Ministry of Labor and Social Development was appointed as the body responsible for the phased implementation of the state program. Other participants include the Pension Fund, Social Insurance Fund, ministries of education, sports, housing, finance and other departments. Of course, the activities and initiatives of regional authorities are also important.

Goals and objectives of the “Accessible Environment” program

The main goal of the program is to improve the quality of life of disabled people and their integration into society. Its implementation is planned by achieving the following objectives.

1. Creating an accessible environment for people with limited mobility to vitally needed facilities and services of urban infrastructure.
2. Providing accessible rehabilitation and habilitation (formation of new skills) services for citizens with disabilities. The same task implies access to educational services and employment.
3. Increasing the transparency of the work of ITU experts and the objectivity of the decisions they make.

A budget of 401 billion rubles is planned for the implementation of the assigned tasks. In particular, in 2018 it is planned to spend over 45 billion rubles. The sources for forming the program budget are the federal budget and state extra-budgetary funds.

Based on each of the above tasks, separate subroutines have been compiled.

Subroutine No. 1

The first subprogram is aimed at assessing the existing level of accessibility for people with disabilities of vital urban facilities, as well as creating conditions for its improvement.

The activities within this subprogram include the following.

1. Design of new buildings and modernization of existing ones taking into account the needs of people with disabilities. These are ramps and elevators for the free movement of sedentary citizens, the creation of additional banners that simplify the search for the desired object, etc. Not only government departments, but also residential buildings under construction need to adapt to the capabilities of people with disabilities.
2. Installation of traffic lights and stops with sound on the streets.
3. Equipping public transport with retractable ramps and introducing new units with a lower floor level.
4. Providing disabled children with the opportunity to receive education on an equal basis with other peers. This concerns not only the creation of a barrier-free environment, but also the technical provision of schools with equipment for the physical and psychological recovery of children (simulators, computers for children with hearing and visual impairments, sensory rooms for relaxation, etc.). It is equally important to have psychologists on staff at the educational institution who provide support to a disabled child if problems arise in communicating with peers.
5. Financing of sports institutions whose activities are aimed at the development of adaptive physical education and Paralympic sports.
6. Conducting cultural events involving the participation of persons with disabilities.
7. Introduction of sign language translation into broadcasts of the main Russian TV channels.

A budget of 35 billion rubles is planned for the implementation of subprogram No. 1.

Subroutine No. 2

The second subprogram is aimed at improving the quality and accessibility of rehabilitation and habilitation services for people with disabilities. Another important goal is to create conditions for them to receive professional training and further employment on an equal basis with those citizens who do not have health limitations.

A number of activities are planned to achieve these goals.

1. Assessing the needs of people with disabilities and creating an industry for the production of specialized goods in accordance with them.
2. Opening of centers focused both on general rehabilitation of disabled people through drug treatment and sanatorium-resort services, and medical habilitation in the form of reconstructive surgery and prosthetics.
3. Introduction to the educational program of lessons aimed at developing an adequate perception of disabled children by other peers.
4. Organization of joint events by social authorities. protection and employment centers for professional training of citizens who, due to health problems, have lost the opportunity to work in their previous specialty.
5. Incentivizing employers with tax incentives to create jobs for people with disabilities.

Funding in the amount of 33.5 billion rubles is provided for the implementation of these goals.

Subprogram No. 3

The third subprogram is aimed at increasing the objectivity of ITU decisions. The goal is planned to be achieved through the following activities.

1. Development of new methods for conducting examinations.
2. Improving the criteria for assigning disability groups.
3. Equipping the ITU bureau with modern diagnostic equipment.
4. Creation of a system for independent assessment of the performance of ITU experts.
5. Establishing effective interaction between ITU institutions at different levels.
6. Improvement of employee qualifications.
7. The creation of public councils at the main ITU bureaus that consider complaints from citizens regarding the unethical behavior of experts.
8. Anti-corruption. For this purpose, it is planned to introduce modern technologies such as electronic queuing, audio and video surveillance into ITU activities.

It is planned to allocate 103 billion rubles for the implementation of subprogram No. 3.

Expected results

By the end of the “Accessible Environment” program in 2020, it is planned to obtain the following target values:

• increasing the share of engineering and transport infrastructure facilities accessible to people with limited mobility to 55%;
• formation in 52.5% of disabled people of a positive assessment of the attitude towards them in society;
• equipping up to 44.7% of regions with rehabilitation centers;
• increasing the proportion of citizens who have completed rehabilitation and habilitation courses to 53.6% among adults and to 69.3% among children;
• increasing employment among able-bodied disabled people to 40%;
• equipping 100% of the main ITU bureaus with modern diagnostic equipment.

These are target indicators relevant for 2018. But additions are introduced to the program every year, which also affect its final goals.

Interim results of the program

At the end of 2017, the following results were achieved in improving the quality of life of people with disabilities.

1. On January 1, 2017, the federal register of disabled people began to function. It is an information service in which each participant has access to a personal account with information on all payments and benefits due to him. The system allows you to access government services electronically without visiting departments.
2. The share of public transport retrofitted with specialized devices for disabled people was 11.1%. At the beginning of the program, the figure was 8.3%.
3. The number of subtitled television programs has increased 5 times.
4. The accessibility of medical institutions for people with limited mobility increased to 50.9%.
5. The share of accessible cultural institutions reached 41.4%.
6. Among sports facilities, 54.4% became accessible to the disabled.
7. In the field of education, 21.5% of schools are adapted to the needs of children with disabilities. At the beginning of the program, this figure was only 2%.
8. In 2017, a pilot project began to introduce a system of comprehensive rehabilitation for persons with disabilities in the Sverdlovsk region and Perm region. About 300 million rubles were spent on its implementation during the year.
9. During the year, 32.84 billion rubles were allocated to provide needy citizens with auxiliary technical means, which made it possible to cover 1.6 million people.
10. In November 2017, deputies in the third reading adopted a project to amend the federal law “On Employment in the Russian Federation.” Its goal is to bring Russian labor legislation into compliance with the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. The bill involves the interaction of ITU institutions with employment centers in terms of increasing the proportion of employed people with disabilities. At the moment, only 25% of able-bodied citizens with disabilities have a permanent place of work. In Europe this figure reaches 40%.

The scale of implementation of the state program in certain constituent entities of the Russian Federation also depends on the activity and financial capabilities of regional authorities. Some of them have achieved significant results in improving the quality of life of people with disabilities. Thus, in the capital of Buryatia, an entire residential block has been designed for people with disabilities. In addition to housing, it includes medical institutions, shops, and sports facilities. Houses adapted to the needs of wheelchair users are also being actively built in Moscow and St. Petersburg.

The “Accessible Environment” program has been implemented for the past 7 years. During this time, significant improvements have been achieved in the quality of life of disabled people and their position in Russian society. The first significant results confirm the correctness of the chosen direction, and therefore the government is considering the possibility of extending the state program until 2025.

By order of the President of the Russian Federation in 2009, the state program “Accessible Environment” was drawn up; the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of Russia became the implementers of this program. In 2014, it was extended until 2020 by order of D. A. Medvedev.

So, the state program “Accessible Environment” - what is it, what goals does it pursue, and who is it intended for? This article will help answer and clarify all your questions.

Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

Every year in Russia the number of disabled people increases. Therefore, on September 24, 2008, the Russian Federation signed the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, in which different countries participated. A special committee was formed to monitor the implementation of this agreement. Initially, the committee had 12 experts, but after increasing the list of participating countries, the staff was increased to 18 experts.

The signed Convention showed the willingness of the authorities to change the living conditions of people with disabilities for the better. According to the approved document, the state must ensure and make life easier for people with disabilities when using objects that an ordinary person uses in everyday life: vehicles, roads, structures and buildings, medical institutions, etc. The main objective of the Convention is to identify all interfering barriers and eliminate them .

According to sociological analysis, about 60% of disabled people cannot use public transport, since it is not designed for such people. About 48% cannot make purchases in a store on their own. For example, in Arkhangelsk only 13% of objects meet the requirements, in the Novgorod region - only 10%, and in Kursk - about 5%.

State program for disabled people

Based on the Convention, the state program “Accessible Environment” was created in the Russian Federation for 2011-2015. During the period of the program, the authorities were obliged to create special curbs for people with disabilities, provide public transport with equipment for transporting people with disabilities, install special traffic lights with an audible signal and other devices necessary in a populated area.

The state program “Accessible Environment” for 2011-2015 was not easy to implement. Problems that prevented implementation:

• regulatory barriers;
• lack of assistance from non-profit organizations;
• lack of a specific budget for program implementation;
• relational (social) barrier.

Due to the problems that arose, the program needed to change the regulatory framework in the field of creating an accessible environment.

Summary (goals and objectives) of the state program

The state program “Accessible Environment”, like any other, has goals and objectives. Basic goals:

• to create access to facilities and services for people with disabilities by 2016;
• improve social health services for the rehabilitation of people with disabilities.

Tasks:

• assess the state of accessibility of key important facilities;
• improve the level of access to vital facilities;
• equalize the rights of ordinary citizens and citizens with disabilities;
• modernize medical and social expertise;
• provide access to rehabilitation services.

Implementation stages and financing

The state program “Accessible Environment” was divided into two stages. From 2011 to 2012 - the 1st stage for the implementation of the program. State program "Accessible Environment" for 2013-2015 - 2nd stage. Thus, today the state program to support people with disabilities has already ended.

The total amount of funds allocated from the state budget is 168,437,465.6 thousand rubles.

Nuances of the program

Despite goals, objectives and government funding, cities still have problems with access for people with disabilities to pharmacies, municipal institutions, medical facilities and shops. No matter how hard officials try to remove barriers in the social life of people with disabilities, for now their efforts will only be of a local nature. To implement such a large-scale program requires great effort, since it requires a constant and longer-term perspective.

Due to limited funding, the state program “Accessible Environment” has been put on the back burner at airports, in public transport, and at railway stations. The reasons for this attitude in the transport sector lie in more serious problems that require quick solutions and additional financial investments. Therefore, almost all city transport is inaccessible to people with disabilities.

Despite the shortcomings in the implementation of the program, there are some improvements. For example, special carriages have appeared that have a double compartment. These compartments are designed for people who use a wheelchair. But even such an improvement cannot save a person from problems: very high steps, inconvenient placement of handrails, and so on.

How the program is implemented

In cities, for comfortable movement along pedestrian crossings, traffic lights with an audible signal were installed. This is done in places where a large number of blind people live.

Also, the capital's metro was equipped for people with disabilities. A signal alert was installed about the arrival of a train on the platform and audio announcements of stops, and the edges of the platforms were specially reconstructed.

In certain areas of the capital, about twenty apartments were built for people with serious health problems. These apartments have been specially designed for people who use wheelchairs. The housing is equipped with wide doorways, as well as a special toilet and bath.

A residential complex for such people was built in the city of Ulan-Ude. The complex contains not only apartments, but also manufacturing plants, shops and a gym. Many disabled people dream of such conditions.

State program "Accessible environment" for disabled children

There are 1.5 million disabled children in Russia. About 90% of such children study in a boarding school, and 10% cannot study due to health problems. The authorities' attempt to educate disabled children in regular schools was unsuccessful. Therefore, a different strategy was developed to implement the program.

In Tambov, education was established in thirty public schools. A special training program has been developed in such schools, for which the state allocates about 12 million rubles every year. All funding is used to purchase special equipment. The local budget allocates money for the repair and reconstruction of such schools for disabled children. The authorities intend not to stop and increase the number of such schools.

The state program “Accessible Environment” for disabled children provides special training for speech therapists, teachers of the deaf, and also trains the department of oligophrenopedagogy. All this helps to involve as many disabled children as possible in the social environment.

Information advertising: state program “Accessible Environment”

As part of the program, information campaigns were created that lasted until 2015. Advertising was carried out using the Internet, radio, television, and outdoor advertising was also used. The topics of the announcements were controlled by disabled people who were members of the coordinating council. The company included representatives of the PR service of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation, representatives of the All-Russian Society of the Blind and Deaf.

In 2011, the campaign was dedicated to the employment of people with disabilities. The informational advertisement encouraged employers to think about the fact that people with disabilities are people too. And they are able to perform certain types of work.

In 2012, the program was aimed at children with disabilities. In 2013, the Paralympic Winter Games took place, where the champions of the Russian Federation were involved. In 2014, the program campaign was dedicated to families in which one family member is disabled.

Extension of the program until 2020

The state program “Accessible Environment” has been extended until 2020. This was necessary in order to carry out extensive work to adapt all problem areas for people with disabilities. The number of such objects is very large.

The extended program contains promising measures, and the new project also contains updates. Main goals:

• conducting special training for teachers, which will allow teaching disabled children;
• work according to the professional standard of a tutor;
• conducting scientific research on the characteristics of people with disabilities;
• services for accompanying people with disabilities when resolving employment issues, taking into account the disruption of the body;
• development of special programs for rehabilitation;
• creating a mechanism that will monitor the effectiveness of prescribed rehabilitation treatment.

Despite well-defined tasks, large financial investments are required to achieve them. During the economic crisis, regions close even those programs that were financed by budget funds. About nine regions did not submit programs to the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation.

Expected results of the extended state program

The state program “Accessible Environment” for 2011-2020 should completely change the situation in relation to people with disabilities and adapt them to society; this, of course, is ideal. In practice, things don't look so rosy. Nowadays, it is still difficult for people with disabilities to fully coexist in society, make purchases on their own, move around the city, find a job, and so on. Perhaps extending the program will bring more positive results. The expected results at the end of the extended state program are as follows:

• equipping infrastructure facilities with barrier-free access up to 68.2%;
• provision of necessary medical equipment to hospitals and rehabilitation centers up to 100%;
• providing jobs for disabled people of working age;
• increasing the number of people who can undergo rehabilitation;
• increasing the number of specialists who can engage in rehabilitation.

Despite a number of problems and shortcomings, the state program of the Russian Federation “Accessible Environment” is a serious step to improve the life of people with disabilities in society.

A whole range of measures designed to facilitate the orientation of people with disabilities in urban environments is being implemented by the state program “Accessible Environment” for people with disabilities. It takes into account the requirements of various groups of the population with disabilities - from wheelchair users to blind or deaf-mute people. The main goal of the program is to make all infrastructure facilities accessible to people with disabilities: transport, public institutions, government agencies and service enterprises.

Laws and regulations for the Accessible Environment Program for people with disabilities in Russia

The “Accessible Environment” program in Russia started in 2012, after the Russian Federation ratified the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. According to the document, people with disabilities are independent, independent individuals who have the right to fully participate in all spheres of society. The state is obliged to ensure accessibility of the environment for people with disabilities on an equal basis with other citizens, comfortable access to transport, all possible facilities and services, which is the main goal of the Convention.

The sequence and details of the formation of unhindered access for people with disabilities to objects of the physical environment, transport, communications, information are described in the Federal Law on the “Accessible Environment” program for people with disabilities (Federal Law No. 181-F3 of November 24, 1995). The program itself for 2011–2015 was approved by the Government of Russia in Resolution No. 175 of March 17, 2011, then extended until 2020 (Resolution No. 1297 of December 1, 2015). In January 2019, it was decided to extend the state program until 2025.

The arrangement of buildings, structures, premises, traffic routes, public transport, swimming pools and sports grounds for people with special needs has its own subtleties. Particular attention should be paid to the safety of structures and the quality of materials. When designing, it is imperative to take into account the relevant regulatory documents under the “Accessible Environment” program for people with disabilities:

1. Codes of practice (SP) relating to the accessibility of buildings and structures for people with limited mobility (LPGs). SP numbers: 13330.2016, 13330.2012, 13330.2012, 35-101-2001, 35-102-2001, 35-103-2001, 35-104-2001, 35-105-2002, 30-102-99, 31-102 -99 , 31-113-2004.
2. State standards (GOST) establish safety and accessibility requirements for lifting platforms, signs, supporting devices, traffic lights, and public transport for various groups of disabled people. GOST numbers: 55555-2013, R 51261-99, R 52875-2007, 56305-2014, R ISO 23600-2013, R 52131-2003, R 51671-2015, R 51671-2000, R 56421-2015, R 5 6832- 2015.
3. Safety Rules (PB): PB 10-403-01 – on the safe operation of lifting platforms in residential, public, and industrial buildings for the disabled.

Priorities and goals of the “Accessible Environment” Program for People with Disabilities

The “Accessible Environment” program is aimed at integrating people with health problems into society, doing everything possible to ensure that people with disabilities do not feel restrictions or barriers in accessing surrounding facilities, be it a pharmacy, a store or a trolleybus.

The goal of the state program is to create an accessible living environment for people with disabilities, eliminating obstacles to the access of people with disabilities to priority facilities and services open to the population.

The objectives of the state program include:

1. Assess the current state of priority facilities and services in terms of their suitability for people with disabilities.

2. Increase the level of accessibility of all infrastructure facilities for people with disabilities.

3. Eliminate social separation between disabled people and healthy citizens.

4. Modernize the state system of medical and social rehabilitation of disabled people.

5. Ensure all people with health problems have equal access to rehabilitation measures.

At the first stages of the program's implementation, it became clear that the social environment in Russia, for the most part, was not at all suitable for people with disabilities. For example, it is very difficult for a disabled person using a wheelchair to leave the house, cross the road, or go into the store without assistance.

At the same time, organizing an accessible environment for people with disabilities implies not only the banal arrangement of wheelchair ramps, but also the provision of visual and audio information to various objects (for example, traffic lights, pay phones, dangerous areas), the installation of mechanisms for automatically opening doors, handrails in bathrooms, low-lying telephones or ATMs and so on.

Features of organizing universal access for people with disabilities

A space without barriers is aimed at ensuring that a person with disabilities does not feel inferior, disadvantaged in their rights and in receiving various services. Creating an accessible environment for people with disabilities involves retrofitting existing facilities and designing new ones taking into account the needs of people with disabilities.

Measures to organize an accessible environment in schools

To create convenient access and comfortable learning in schools and other educational institutions for children with physical disabilities, a number of activities are provided.

What should an accessible environment at school include: equipment for the disabled, a safe barrier-free path to school, information signals adapted for children with hearing and vision impairments.

All rooms in the school building must be adapted for children with disabilities: bathrooms, classrooms, stairs, halls, corridors, gyms, canteens, locker rooms, libraries. For this, a variety of devices and modern technical devices are used:

• ramps;
• lifts – vertical, inclined, stair lifts;
• ramps and ramps (folding or folding to save space);
• tactile tiles;
• pictures according to the “Accessible Environment” program for people with disabilities (tactile pictograms on which especially significant infrastructure facilities are clearly marked: elevator, toilet, wardrobe, escalator, entrance/exit from the premises and others; as a rule, they are black drawings and symbols on bright yellow background);
• special handrails;
• call systems for disabled people (buttons);
• sound and light beacons;
• tactile displays, pictograms;
• induction systems for schoolchildren with hearing impairments.

Every institution should develop a plan or roadmap for accessibility in education for persons with disabilities. This document prescribes the phased implementation of the reorganization of the facility, aimed at creating comfortable conditions for the education of children with special needs. The plan is approved by the school director, and a responsible person from the institution’s staff is appointed for the implementation of each stage.

Equipping transport and social infrastructure facilities for people with disabilities

Transport is the most important component of the life of citizens, thanks to which there is a connection between the place of residence and other objects of the city’s social infrastructure. For the full implementation of MGN in society, any vehicles (VVs) must become barrier-free and adapted to serve this group of the population.

In order to monitor the activities carried out in this regard and the timing of their implementation, the Law stipulates that every non-governmental organization must have a map of the accessibility of Russian Federation facilities under the “Accessible Environment” program for people with disabilities. This document includes all planned stages of reorganizing the vehicle for access by people with disabilities. From equipment and facilities, transport and social infrastructure facilities should be supplemented with the following elements:

• sound signals at traffic lights;
• signs in places where construction is taking place;
• ramps and handrails at stairs;
• gentle slopes near the sidewalks;
• signs for people with disabilities under the “Accessible Environment” program;
• (tactile accessibility signs for different categories of people with disabilities: hearing, vision, wheelchair users, and all groups together; placed at the entrance to buildings or premises adapted for people with disabilities; as well as pictograms in combination with the Braille system for MGN orientation: restrictions on the width of passages, stairs, escape routes, uneven roads, ledges, etc.);
• ramps, ramps, lifting devices in buses;
• special places in transport for wheelchair users with fastenings;
• arrangement of an adapted sidewalk and path network without barriers;
• allocation of parking spaces for disabled people in parking lots.

Workers at transport facilities and service personnel in various public organizations must have instructions on providing assistance to people with disabilities and follow them.

Key points when organizing an accessible environment

The call button is one of the most important devices designed to enable a disabled person to freely visit any public institution - a theatre, cinema, library, museum, train station, airport, hospital or educational institution - by calling one of the staff.

The button is installed outside the building, at a height of 85–100 cm from the floor so that a wheelchair user can easily reach it. A standard “Disabled” sticker is placed next to the button. The call device is equipped with a camera, the picture from which is displayed on the security post display

Specific activities and advice on organizing a barrier-free space for people with impairments of the musculoskeletal system, hearing and vision are described by methodological recommendations on an accessible environment for people with disabilities, developed by the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation in 2012. In cases of violation of requirements or evasion of providing an accessible environment for people with disabilities, legal entities and individuals are subject to administrative liability. The fine for officials will be 2-3 thousand rubles, for legal entities - 20-30 thousand rubles.

When thinking about organizing an accessible environment at a facility, it is important not just to limit yourself to installing handrails and ramps for wheelchair users, but also to take into account the requirements of other groups of disabled people. In particular, an accessible environment for the visually impaired implies equipping buildings with special information elements that are understandable for blind citizens.

To mark entrances and exits from buildings, in accordance with GOST, tactile plates (or special carpets) with special corrugation are installed on the floor, openings are equipped with an audible beacon, door handles must ensure easy opening of doors, steps must be closed, and handrails must be continuous and as comfortable as possible for grasping. with a brush.

It is mandatory that a plan for equipping the facility with equipment for comfortable movement of disabled people, in other words, a passport under the “Accessible Environment” program for disabled people must be available at the facilities:

• medical institutions;
• stores with personalized customer service;
• services for the disabled.

This document acts as a kind of guarantee that the owner undertakes to equip the facility with equipment for access by the disabled. A passport is issued only after the object has been inspected by specialized government agencies.

If an establishment provides services to people with disabilities, but does not have an accessibility certificate, the owner will be fined

What does the “Accessible Environment” program give to children with disabilities?

The support program for young people with disabilities is aimed at helping and assisting children in obtaining education and further employment. At the same time, the process of inclusion, that is, the real introduction of people with disabilities into society, a healthy team, is of great importance.

Ideally, inclusion should begin in kindergarten. Moreover, both children with disabilities and neurotypical (i.e. normal) children benefit from this.

Children with disabilities follow others, try to imitate them, the process of learning and socialization occurs more actively and effectively. Ordinary children, as experts note, become kinder and more caring, learn to think without barriers, communicate normally and be friends with special children, without putting offensive labels on them.

Naturally, the accessible environment in preschool educational institutions for children with disabilities must be organized very carefully. This:

• special methods of training and education;
• provision of specially trained tutors and personal assistants for children with disabilities;
• technical arrangement of all premises of the building and approaches to it.

To more clearly present data on the number of children with disabilities studying in a kindergarten or school, their characteristics and the technical capabilities of providing them with a barrier-free space, a road map is being drawn up for an accessible environment for people with disabilities in a school or kindergarten. Measures to optimize the accessibility of the environment for MGN should also be outlined here, indicating the exact timing of their implementation.

Measures planned by the state to organize an accessible environment

The state program provides for the implementation of a whole range of measures to organize an accessible environment for people with disabilities, including:

Comprehensive support for institutions providing rehabilitation and medical support for people with disabilities also remains one of the priorities of the Program. It is expected that activities under the “Accessible Environment” program for people with disabilities will increase the level of accessibility of various objects for people with disabilities, increase the number of schools and kindergartens with a barrier-free environment, and provide more vehicles that are comfortable for citizens with special needs.

What has been done by 2019, plans and current funding for the program

A lot of attention and funds are paid to the implementation of the Accessible Environment Program in Russia. Thus, in 2019, 10 million rubles more were allocated for the implementation of its planned activities than in the previous year. This figure amounted to 90 million rubles.

The “Accessible Environment” project for people with disabilities has successfully implemented activities in 2019, among which the following can be highlighted:

• enterprises that employ people with disabilities are equipped with everything necessary and function normally;
• the number of rehabilitation centers for people with disabilities throughout the country has increased;
• in large and small cities, traffic lights with sound beacons, signs and signs are organized for visually impaired or blind citizens;
• platforms of the Moscow metro have been equipped for wheelchair users;
• sound notification is being actively introduced in public transport facilities;
• Increasingly, buildings are being built that take into account the requirements of wheelchair users, and in Ulan-Ude an entire residential block has been designed in a similar way.

In 2019, changes have already been made to improve some criteria for medical and social examination for people with disabilities, and to optimize the conditions for issuing subsidies for this category of citizens. Work continues on inclusion in all areas and spheres of public life.

Taking into account the fact that almost 9% of the population of Tatarstan are citizens with disabilities, one of the directions of the socio-economic development strategy of the Republic of Tatarstan is the rehabilitation and social integration of people with disabilities.
It is necessary to create, by means of architecture, urban planning, transport, informatization and communications, conditions that provide disabled people with equal opportunities as all citizens in using social infrastructure, obtaining education, realizing creative potential, and active participation in public life.
When new design and reconstruction of public, residential and industrial buildings should be provided for the disabled and citizens of other groups of the population with limited mobility, living conditions equal to those of other categories of the population.
Barrier-free environment. This term applies to elements of the environment that can be easily entered, accessed, or used by people with physical, sensory, or intellectual disabilities.
Design solutions for facilities accessible to people with disabilities should not limit the living conditions of other groups of the population, as well as the efficiency of building operation.
The main provisions that take into account the interests of people with disabilities and other groups of the population with limited mobility are contained in the building codes and regulations SNiP 35-01-2001 “Accessibility of buildings and structures for groups of the population with limited mobility.”

General requirements for buildings, structures and their areas

1.1 Ramps

The building must have at least one entrance adapted for people with limited mobility (hereinafter referred to as MGN), from the surface of the ground and from each underground or overground passage accessible to MGN, connected to this building.

Areas of the floor on the paths of movement at a distance of 0.6 m in front of the entrances to the ramps must have a corrugated and/or contrastingly colored surface.
The maximum height of one rise (flight) of the ramp should not exceed 0.8 m with a slope of no more than 8%. If the difference in floor heights on the traffic paths is 0.2 m or less, it is allowed to increase the slope of the ramp to 10%. In exceptional cases, spiral ramps are allowed.
Guardrails with handrails must be installed along both sides of all stairs and ramps, as well as at all height differences greater than 0.45 m. Handrails for ramps should, as a rule, be located at a height of 0.7 and 0.9 m, for stairs - at a height of 0.9 m, and in preschool institutions also at a height of 0.5 m.

The width of the ramp for one-way traffic must be at least 1 m, in other cases - at least 1.8 m.
The area on the horizontal section of the ramp in a straight path or at a turn must be at least 1.5 m.
Sideboards with a height of at least 0.05 m should be provided along the longitudinal edges of the ramps, as well as along the edges of horizontal surfaces with a height difference of more than 0.45 m to prevent a cane or leg from slipping, which is important not only for disabled people with musculoskeletal disorders, but also for other categories of disabled people, including the visually impaired and the hearing impaired.

Barriers, guardrails, etc. should be installed under flights of open stairs that are less than 1.9 m in height to prevent falls and subsequent injuries, especially for the visually impaired.
Areas of the floor on the paths of movement at a distance of 0.6 m in front of the entrances to the stairs must have a warning corrugated and/or contrastingly painted surface.

Stairs must be doubled with ramps, and, if necessary, with other means of lifting.

The width of exits from rooms and corridors to the staircase must be at least 0.9 m.
The width of the flight of stairs is at least 1.35 m.
The width of the stair treads is at least 0.3 m,
The height of the steps is no more than 0.15 m.
The slopes of the stairs should be no more than 1:2.

Stair steps must be solid, level, without protrusions and with a rough surface. The edge of the step must have a rounding with a radius of no more than 0.05 m. The side edges of the steps that are not adjacent to the walls must have sides with a height of at least 0.02 m.

Guardrails with handrails must be installed along both sides of all stairs and ramps, as well as at all height differences greater than 0.45 m.

The entrance area must have: a canopy, drainage, and, depending on local climatic conditions, heating so that the entrance is accessible to any category of disabled people
Transparent doors and fences should be made of impact-resistant material. On transparent door panels, bright contrast markings should be provided with a height of at least 0.1 m and a width of at least 0.2 m, located at a level of no lower than 1.2 m and no higher than 1.5 m from the surface of the pedestrian path.

The coating surfaces of entrance platforms and vestibules must be hard, non-slip when wet, and have a transverse slope within 1-2%.

The width of door and open openings in the wall, exits from rooms and from corridors to the staircase must be at least 0.9 m.

Doorways should not have thresholds or differences in floor heights. If it is necessary to install thresholds, their height should not exceed 0.025 m.
Revolving doors and turnstiles are not allowed on MGN traffic routes.
On MGN traffic routes, it is recommended to use doors on single-acting hinges with latches in the “open” and “closed” positions. You should also use doors that provide a delay of automatic door closing of at least 5 seconds.
Areas of the floor on traffic paths at a distance of 0.6 m in front of doorways and entrances to ramps should have a corrugated and/or contrastingly colored surface to provide access to the building for visually impaired and hearing impaired persons.

1. Buildings should be equipped with passenger elevators or lifting platforms in the case of premises used by people with disabilities in wheelchairs. The choice of lifting method for disabled people and the possibility of duplicating these lifting methods are established in the design solution.

2. Parameters of the elevator cabin intended for use by a disabled person in a wheelchair (internal dimensions):
width - not less than 1.1 m;
depth - at least 1.4 m.
The width of the doorway is at least 0.9 m.

In other cases, the size of the doorway is set in the design specification according to GOST R 51631.

Areas of the floor on traffic paths at a distance of 0.6 m in front of doorways and entrances to stairs and ramps, as well as before the turn of communication paths, must have a warning corrugated and/or painted surface; it is allowed to provide light beacons.

In public restrooms, it is necessary to provide at least one universal cubicle accessible to all categories of citizens.
A universal public restroom cubicle must have the following dimensions:
– width - not less than 1.65 m;
– depth - not less than 1.8 m.

In the stall next to the toilet, space should be provided to accommodate a wheelchair, as well as hooks for clothes, crutches and other accessories.

In sanitary and hygienic premises, provision should be made for the installation of handrails, bars, swivel or folding seats.

The recommended height of curbs along the edges of pedestrian paths should be at least 0.05 m.
The height of the side stones at the intersection of sidewalks with the roadway, as well as the difference in heights of curbs, side stones along maintained lawns and green areas adjacent to pedestrian traffic routes, should not exceed 0.04 m.
Tactile aids for the visually impaired on the surface of pedestrian paths in the area should be placed at least 0.8 m before the object of information, the beginning of a dangerous section, a change in direction of movement, an entrance, etc.

The use of bulk or coarse-grained materials is not permitted for covering walkways, sidewalks and ramps.

The covering of concrete slabs must be smooth, and the thickness of the joints between the slabs must be no more than 0.015 m.

When constructing ramps from the sidewalk near a building, it is allowed to increase the longitudinal slope to 10% for no more than 10 m.

If there are underground and overground passages on the territory or site, they should, as a rule, be equipped with ramps or lifting devices, if it is impossible to organize a ground passage for the MGN.

The entrance to the territory or site should be equipped with elements of information about the facility accessible to people with disabilities.

In open individual parking lots near service establishments, at least 10% of the spaces (but not less than one space) should be allocated for transport of disabled people. These places must be indicated by signs accepted in international practice (Article 15 of Federal Law No. 181-FZ).

It is advisable to place places for personal vehicles of disabled people near the entrance accessible to disabled people, but no further than 50 m, and in residential buildings - no further than 100 m.

The width of the parking area for a disabled person's car must be at least 3.5 m.

Enterprises, institutions and organizations providing transport services to the population provide special devices for stations, airports and other facilities that allow people with disabilities to freely use their services. Organizations providing transport services to the population provide the equipment of the specified means with special devices and devices in order to create conditions for disabled people for the unhindered use of the specified means. (Article 15 of Federal Law No. 181-FZ)

A prerequisite for accessibility of the metro is the presence of a relief (tactile) strip in front of the stairs, ramps (above and below) along the entire length, as well as in front of the door, ticket office, in front of information and telecommunications facilities and at the exit from the escalator.
Strip width - 0.5-0.6 m for ramps, stairs, in front of media and telecommunications,
0.3 m - in front of the door and ticket office.
The distance of the strip to the edge of the outermost step of the stairs is 0.8 m.
The recommended width of the flight of stairs is at least 1.35 m.
The distance from the tactile strip to the edge of the outermost step is 0.8 m.
It is also necessary to have contrasting colors on the upper and lower steps of the flight of stairs and the ramp.
The presence of edges along the edges of the flight of stairs must be at least 2 cm, if they do not come into contact with the wall.

Entrance doors in a subway car must have a clear opening width of at least 90 cm. The height of the threshold when entering the car from the platform should be no more than 2.5 cm.

Landing platforms must have tactile lines along the landing edge of the platform.

It is mandatory to have an accessibility sign for wheelchair users and a contrasting warning marking on the door (bright yellow or red), the height of which should be 120-150 cm from the floor level.
It is also mandatory to have special places for disabled people and signs for the movement of wheelchair users throughout the metro.

A – symbol of accessibility for disabled people
B - symbol of accessibility for people with hearing loss
B - symbol “Telecommunication devices for people with hearing impairments”
1.2 - symbol of accessibility for the disabled
3 – place for disabled people, elderly people with children
4 – escalator (lift)
5,6 – toilets for disabled people
7 – elevator for disabled people
8 – escape routes
9.10 – entrance and exit from the premises
11 – direction of movement, turn
12 – information center (reference)

5.2 Airports (foreign and domestic experience)

Frankfurt am Main Airport (FRA) has two terminals, which are connected by high-speed trains, are free of charge and have wheelchair ramps. Free buses run between the terminals every 10 minutes.
The airport has automatic doors, adapted telephones and toilets for the disabled.
At Dusseldorf International Airport (DUS) there are rooms for the disabled and wheelchairs are available for those who request it.
Hong Kong International Airport is fully accessible to passengers with disabilities. There are numerous restrooms, elevators, ramps and escalators around the airport and at the Ground Transportation Center with wheelchair facilities. Car parking spaces reserved for disabled drivers are available in four car parks.
Wheelchairs are provided free of charge by airlines; Passengers must inform airlines in advance before travelling.
To facilitate the movement of disabled people around the building, the Vnukovo airport terminal is equipped with ramps and special elevators. The cabins are equipped with handrails, and call buttons are located at an accessible height for wheelchair users. The elevators also provide duplication of inscriptions in Braille and voice announcements of stops. In total, 78 elevators, 61 escalators and 38 travelators were built in Terminal A. In addition, the so-called “smooth floor” system has been implemented throughout the terminal, allowing passengers with limited mobility to move freely.
Information about the arrival and departure of flights at the airport is not only displayed on the board, but is also duplicated by announcements over the public address system. Blind passengers are accompanied by Vnukovo employees during all movements around the terminal.
The Ufa airport has acquired new special equipment - an ambulift. With the help of this machine, it will be easier for people with disabilities to get on or off the plane. The lift cabin can accommodate 2 wheelchairs and 2 accompanying persons. The ambulift has a so-called through corridor so that there is no need to turn around inside the cabin. The machine rises more than 5 meters and fits almost all types of aircraft.

Fig. 1 Terminal for obtaining information (convenient for both healthy people and people with impaired vision)

Fig. 2 Display with contrastingly highlighted aircraft flight names for visually impaired people

Fig.3 Special elevator for people with disabilities at the airport

Fig.4 Sanitary and hygienic room, equipped specifically for disabled people

Rice. Index of places of service for people with disabilities

5.3. Railway stations

More than 100 carriages with special compartments designed for disabled people run on Russian railways. These compartments provide everything to make travel easier for people with health problems.
The entrance to the train carriage is equipped with a special lift, with the help of which the passenger, without leaving the wheelchair, can get inside from both high and low platforms.
The double compartment, intended for a disabled person and an accompanying person, is wider than the standard one. So that a disabled person can move into a chair without assistance, there are special auxiliary belts. The sleeping bunk can be transformed into any position convenient for the sick passenger.
For the blind and visually impaired, low-lying switches, sockets, and call buttons for the conductor are equipped with signs with raised text - for reading with “fingers” - and a special sound device that provides the necessary information. An automated communication system allows you to call a conductor in an emergency.
The toilet in such carriages is also wider and larger in size than in ordinary ones, and additional handrails are installed. The toilet is equipped with a sound and light display for passengers with vision or hearing problems.

Rice. Entrance to the station

Rice. Ticket office for disabled people with handrails and ramp at the station

Rice. Accessible toilet location sign

Rice. Payphone for visually impaired people

Rice. Lifting platform for disabled access to the train carriage

Rice. Seats for disabled people on modern trains

Rice. Special compartments for disabled people in train carriages

Legislative and regulatory documents of the Russian Federation, ensuring and regulating the creation of an accessible environment for people with disabilities

“Constitution of the Russian Federation” dated December 12, 1993. Article 27 enshrines the human right to freedom of movement.

Federal Law of November 24, 1995 No. 181-FZ “On the social protection of disabled people in the Russian Federation.”

Article 14 “Ensuring free access to information for people with disabilities.” The state guarantees a disabled person the right to receive the necessary information.
Article 15 “Ensuring unimpeded access for people with disabilities to social infrastructure facilities.”
The Government of the Russian Federation, executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local government bodies and organizations, regardless of organizational and legal forms, create conditions for people with disabilities (including people with disabilities using wheelchairs and guide dogs) for unimpeded access to social infrastructure facilities (residential, public and industrial buildings, structures and structures, sports facilities, recreational facilities, cultural, entertainment and other institutions), as well as for the unhindered use of railway, air, water, intercity road transport and all types of urban and suburban passenger transport, communications and information (including means that provide duplication of sound signals for light signals of traffic lights and devices regulating the movement of pedestrians through transport communications).
Planning and development of cities and other populated areas, formation of residential and recreational areas, development of design solutions for new construction and reconstruction of buildings, structures and their complexes, as well as the development and production of public transport vehicles, communications and information equipment without adapting these objects for access disabled people are not allowed to access them or use them.
At each parking lot (stop) of vehicles, including near trade enterprises, services, medical, sports and cultural and entertainment institutions, at least 10 percent of the spaces (but not less than one space) are allocated for parking special vehicles for disabled people who are not must be occupied by other vehicles. Disabled persons use parking spaces for special vehicles free of charge.
Article 16 “Responsibility for evading the requirements for creating conditions for people with disabilities for unhindered access to engineering, transport and social infrastructure facilities”
Legal entities and officials for evading compliance with the requirements provided for by this Federal Law, other federal laws and other regulatory legal acts for creating conditions for people with disabilities for unhindered access to engineering, transport and social infrastructure facilities, as well as for unhindered use of railway, air, water, intercity road transport and all types of urban and suburban passenger transport, communications and information means bear administrative responsibility in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

“Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses” dated December 30, 1995 No. 195-FZ
Article 5.43. “Violation of legal requirements providing for the allocation of places in parking lots (stops) for special vehicles for people with disabilities”
Violation of legal requirements providing for the allocation of spaces in parking lots (stops) for special vehicles for people with disabilities shall entail the imposition of an administrative fine on officials in the amount established by law.
Article 9.13. Evasion of compliance with the requirements for accessibility of engineering, transport and social infrastructure facilities for disabled people
Evasion from fulfilling the requirements for providing conditions for access for people with disabilities to engineering, transport and social infrastructure facilities entails the imposition of an administrative fine on officials in the amount established by law.
Article 11.24. Organization of transport services for the population without creating accessibility conditions for people with disabilities
Violation by the head of an organization or other official responsible for organizing the transport service system for the population and operating vehicles of the legal requirements providing for the inclusion in the transport service system of the population of vehicles accessible to the disabled shall entail the imposition of an administrative fine on officials in the amount established by law.

"Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation" dated December 29, 2004 No. 190-FZ
Article 2. Basic principles of legislation on urban planning activities
The legislation on urban planning activities and the regulatory legal acts issued in accordance with it are based on the following principles:
-providing conditions for people with disabilities to have unhindered access to social and other facilities;
-responsibility for violation of legislation on urban planning activities;
- compensation for damage caused to individuals and legal entities as a result of violations of the requirements of the legislation on urban planning activities, in full.

Order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated June 21, 2010 No. 1047-r “List of national standards and codes of practice (parts of such standards and codes of practice), as a result of which, on a mandatory basis, compliance with the requirements of the federal law “Technical Regulations on the Safety of Buildings and Structures” is ensured:
P. 76. SNiP 35-01-2001 “Accessibility of buildings and structures for people with limited mobility.” Sections 3 (clauses 3.1 - 3.37, 3.39, 3.52 - 3.72), 4 (clauses 4.1 - 4.10, 4.12 - 4.21, 4.23 - 4.32).

List of regulatory documents regulating the development of project documentation to ensure an accessible environment for people with disabilities.

SNiP 35-01-2001 “Accessibility of buildings and structures for people with limited mobility”;
RDS 35-201-99 “Procedure for implementing accessibility requirements for social infrastructure facilities for people with disabilities”;
SP 35-101-2001 “Design of buildings and structures taking into account accessibility for people with limited mobility”;
SP 35-102-2001 "Living environment with planning elements accessible to people with disabilities";
SP 35-103-2001 "Public buildings and structures accessible to visitors with limited mobility";
SP 35-104-2001 "Buildings and premises with places of work for disabled people";
SNiP 31-06-2009 "Public buildings and structures";
GOST R 51631-2008 “Passenger elevators. Technical accessibility requirements, including accessibility for people with disabilities and other low-mobility groups";
GOST R 51630-2000 “Lifting platforms with vertical and inclined movement for disabled people. Accessibility Technical Requirements";
GOST R 52131-2003 “Sign information display means for people with disabilities”;
GOST R 51671-2000 “Technical means of communication and information for general use, accessible to people with disabilities. Classification. Accessibility and security requirements”;
GOST R 52875-2007 “Tactile ground-based signs for the visually impaired. Technical requirements";
GOST 51261-99 “Stationary rehabilitation support devices. Types and technical requirements"