Autonomous sewerage principle of operation. How a septic tank works: design diagram and operating principle of a typical design. Deep biological treatment station with forced air supply

If, when choosing between a septic tank and an autonomous treatment plant, your choice is an autonomous treatment plant, the next step is to select the manufacturer of the autonomous sewage system, the volume, modification of the product and select the method of drainage of purified water. At this stage, it would be better to trust the specialists, since they know the principle of operation of the sewage system and all the nuances associated with its installation and operation.

Please note that it is impossible to select autonomous sewage systems over the phone! Select a modification of the product, a method of removing purified water and calculate what the final product will be price at local treatment plant with installation. This can only be known after a personal inspection of the area by a specialist. He should at least take measurements from the house to the installation site, differences in the area and find out the groundwater level (groundwater level). If a “specialist” “helps” you buy an autonomous sewer system in a telephone conversation without examining the site, then you should at least think about the competence of this “specialist”.

Next, we would like to tell you how it affects installation of autonomous sewerage GWV, about methods of drainage of purified water and about the slope on the site, we have also prepared a video especially for you of the installation of an autonomous sewerage system and a drainage tunnel:

Video: Installation of an autonomous sewage system "Dochista" in Yaroslavl by the company SvayBurVod.

Ground water level necessary measure in spring, or proceed from the maximum possible, because an autonomous sewage system in a private house will be used all year round. Even if the water drainage system through an infiltrator (drainage tunnel) or drainage well is installed correctly, I think it is obvious that, for example, when removing purified water from a station at a depth of 40 cm from the ground level, if the groundwater level rises to 30 cm from the ground level (zero mark ), then the groundwater will be on the contrary, go into an autonomous sewer system or septic tank, which will lead to blockage in the sewer pipe and can lead to compressor failure at the local wastewater treatment plant.

After determining the ground level it is necessary choose a place, where the installation of an autonomous sewage system and the method of discharge and disposal of purified water will be carried out. For this purpose, in modern construction they use optical level, it can also be rented. Already with the help of a level, you can determine the places where in the future it will be possible install a septic tank or independent sewer system, taking into account the laying of pipes with the required slope.

Discharge of purified water can be carried out by gravity, or forcibly, for this it is necessary to maintain a certain slope, at least 2 cm per 1 meter of pipe. To determine the method of discharge of treated water, it is recommended to use optical level.

IMPORTANT! If the discharge of purified water will be carried out forcibly, then it is necessary to set in the HDPE pipe level position so that the water drains completely. Otherwise the water in the pipe will freeze and the entire highway will have to be heated, which will be almost impossible to do in cold weather. We recommend running the HDPE pipe into insulation "Tilit" and on top in sewer pipe.

In case nearby no ditch, into which it would be possible to discharge purified water, establish infiltrator (drainage tunnel), which is selected individually according to the performance of the VOC, and the depth of its installation determined by ground level on the site in the spring.

Also, customers, or rather builders, often commit error when removing the sewer pipes from home for further installation of a septic tank or autonomous sewer system. It's simple, this pipe is removed below the required level, because of this, the station has to be installed much lower than ground level, and the top build up with additional neck. This will not affect the operation of the station in any way, but the maintenance of the station will will complicate it many times over.

For proper operation autonomous sewerage, accurate compliance with the wiring diagram, namely: the presence of a sand cushion, which must be compacted (to do this, the sand is spilled with water), the outside of the station itself must be sprinkled sand-cement mixture in a proportion of 1/4 or 1/5 with constant wetting and compaction. Unfortunately, there are installers who neglect this rule and, in order to save money, sprinkle the VOC with sand, or even cover it up "reverse"(with soil raised during digging) It is also important to correctly insulate the station(although anaerobic bacteria release thermal energy during their life, to survive in the cold, VOCs must be insulated) and with watching the horizon along the neck of the treatment plant.

Our specialists have been trained directly at the manufacturing plant and as a result of the control installation, our leading specialists received certificates:

At the moment, many manufacturers of autonomous sewers in Yaroslavl and the Yaroslavl region are trying to prove to the client that their products are better. Such manufacturers of septic tanks and autonomous sewers as DOCISTA, BIOTANK, ASTRA (Unilos), TOPAS, TERMIT, KOLOMAKI, EUROTANK, RODLEKS, etc. compete with each other. But any competent specialist knows that the operating principle of all these autonomous sewers is identical. In essence, all competition comes down to the following: Whoever has the lowest price for an autonomous sewer system, and at the same time has high reliability, will occupy the majority of the market. Therefore, I would like to dwell in more detail on the station, which, in the opinion of our experts, deserves special attention:

This is an autonomous sewer system FUCKING PRO and PR series. Firstly, these autonomous cleaning systems differ from competitors in their simplicity, wastewater is pumped only where independent overflow is not possible, and in the entire structure there are only 2 aerators and 2 pumps operating from a compressor using the “airlift” principle, and they can stop working only if the compressor fails. Secondly, one of the pumps is designed for scheduled maintenance of an autonomous sewer system, which means that the consumer does not have to enter into an agreement for annual maintenance of the treatment plant for a lot of money; now the client can pump out dense fractions on his own simply by turning on the necessary pump. Well, thirdly, this is the price, it is lower than that of competitors, while the quality of materials and components is no worse than that of more expensive analogues. The body of the treatment station itself is round in shape, due to which the loads exerted by the soil are distributed evenly; take a chicken egg, for example, its integrity can only be broken if you apply pressure at a point, but if you apply pressure over the entire area of ​​the egg, you will have to apply many times more effort. Thanks to this shape, with a similar wall thickness, the septic tank or Dochista treatment station will withstand many times more load than its rectangular counterparts.

How does an autonomous sewer system work?

The sewage drain through the pipes flows by gravity from the house into the first “receiving” chamber (A zone), where floating films, fats, non-sediable substances and surfactants are retained on the surface. In the receiving chamber, solids and other dense fractions precipitate,

From the first “receiving” chamber (A zone), sewerage discharges enter the second chamber of the septic tank (B zone), already without solids, where suspensions that did not precipitate in the first chamber, as a result of the vital activity of microorganisms, become a flocculent mass, which in turn precipitates. Due to the fact that the overflows between the chambers are located below the water surface, colonies of bacteria multiply without hindrance and increase their numbers.

From the second chamber (B zone), sewage discharges, passing through drainage perforations, enter the third chamber of the septic tank (B zone). In this case, the flakes that formed in the second chamber and did not precipitate are compacted and in the third chamber of the septic tank (B zone) precipitate in the form of a fine suspension. Also in the third chamber (B zone) other organic compounds precipitate, which during anaerobic processes became suspended from dissolved.

Principle of operationautonomous sewage system with drainage pump

Cleaning of domestic sewage drains in a local deep cleaning station occurs as follows:

The sewage drain through the pipes flows by gravity from the house into the first “reception” chamber (A zone), where a fine-bubble aerator (D1) is located in the lower part; it is necessary to supply air, which is necessary for the life and reproduction of aerobic bacteria.

In the first chamber, the principle of sewage treatment is based on the biological process of removing pollutants through the vital processes of activated sludge. In the first and second chambers, as a result of the enrichment of the sewer with oxygen, carbon dioxide is released from the polluted water, and the organic substances that are part of the sewage are processed during the life of aerobic bacteria, which in turn multiply and stimulate reactions to purify the nitrogen fraction .

For the most part, sludge consists of organic substances that, in a favorable environment, are subject to biological decomposition; it is sludge that is necessary for the life of bacteria, since it serves as food for them. Activated sludge is a biomass consisting of aerobic bacteria and sludge. Removing nitrogen from sewer drains occurs in 2 stages, one of which is called nitrification and occurs in an aeration tank under the influence of oxygen. Thanks to the vital processes of aerobic bacteria, sewage in the first and second chambers (A, B zone) are saturated with ammonia, dissolved ammonia compounds and protein decomposition products, which are oxidized due to the constant supply of oxygen to the aerators, and are transformed first into nitrites and then into nitrates. Nitrates then precipitate along with the sludge, and in the second stage of denitrification, nitrates are reduced to nitrogen gas. In the second chamber (B zone), carbon dioxide is released along with nitrogen, which are not pollutants and do not carry an unpleasant odor. Next, the sewage discharge through perforation enters the third chamber (B zone) for final clarification, and the biofilm remains on the surface of the water in the second chamber. The sediment formed during the clarification of water in the third chamber enters through the airlift (G) into the first “receiving” chamber.

The cleaned and clarified sewerage discharge is removed from the third chamber (In zone) by gravity or forced (depending on groundwater level, slope and rock profile in the area) into the ground through a drainage field (infiltrator/drainage tunnel or drainage well) or into a drainage ditch.

Today, do-it-yourself autonomous sewerage is done using plastic pipes and fittings. In private homes and country houses where there is no centralized sewerage system, installing a local system is the only possible option to experience all the benefits of civilization.

The predominant use of plastic is due to the obvious advantages that this material provides. After all, it is not subject to corrosion and is extremely convenient for installation.

Autonomous sewerage: device and principle of operation

When faced with the need to install a sewer system in a country house for the first time, a number of questions may arise regarding the design and installation of the system. First of all, you need to find out what an autonomous sewage system is.

Autonomous sewerage is a local network of water treatment communications that has an independent pipeline and individual treatment facilities.

The autonomous sewage system includes the following components:

1. Internal network of plumbing fixtures and pipes.
2. External piping.
3. Treatment facilities (septic tank).
4. Compressor (optional). You can choose more modern modifications of the septic tank that initially use a compressor, or add it to an existing cleaning system.

The principle of operation of an autonomous sewage system is to drain recycled water and waste through in-house pipes to the outside, where they flow through a well-functioning system directly into the septic tank. A three-stage wastewater treatment takes place in the septic tank, and then it is sent for further soil purification in a filter well or soaking trench. To speed up the decomposition process of wastewater, it is recommended to supply oxygen to the septic tank. This result can be achieved by installing a compressor.

The final stage of sewer cleaning is well demonstrated by the following diagram:

If you install a compressor, the flow of oxygen into the internal chambers of the sump promotes the occurrence of aerobic and anaerobic processes for the complete decomposition of organic impurities. Wastewater treatment is carried out according to the following scheme:

Which sewerage system to choose

There are various ways to arrange an autonomous sewage system. It can be not so easy to determine which drainage system is best for your home.

A detailed classification will help you make the right choice:

The main advantages of septic tanks with mechanical cleaning

The use of a wastewater treatment system using septic tanks is widely used in country houses and summer cottages due to the following advantages:

• The septic tank does not require maintenance;
• The device operates at any time of the year;
• Work breaks are allowed;
• Installation does not require electrical connection.

When arranging a country house, we pay attention to making good repairs, installing a water supply system, connecting electricity and creating a heating system. However, we should not forget that an autonomous sewage system in a private house is the main component of a comfortable stay, because without it it will not be possible to use the water supply system, prepare food and perform regular hygiene procedures. The installation of an autonomous system is required when there are no centralized water supply networks near the house.

To understand what an autonomous sewer system is, imagine where the wastewater from a house that is not connected to the city sewer will go. An autonomous system is needed that will allow the accumulation of wastewater for further pumping by sewage trucks, or devices that will process wastewater themselves.

There are several installation schemes for autonomous sewerage:

1. The first installation scheme involves collecting wastewater in a storage tank. The wastewater is periodically pumped out from it using a sewage disposal machine. This is the simplest version of an autonomous sewer system, which does not provide for wastewater processing and treatment. In this case, the storage pit is a sealed container. The photo shows a diagram of the simplest autonomous sewer system.
2. The second installation scheme is implemented using a septic tank. This is a factory-made plastic container or a home-made product. In the second case, the septic tank can be made of concrete rings, bricks, Eurocubes, car tires, etc. In such a facility, wastewater undergoes preliminary treatment due to the activity of anaerobic bacteria. After this, they will be 60-70% cleaned. However, such wastewater cannot be dumped into the ground; it requires additional treatment up to 90-95%. To do this, this installation scheme provides for the construction of a filter device - a filtration field, a special well or a ditch. After purification, the water can be used for various household needs. The scheme using a septic tank is shown in the photo below.
3. The best and most effective option would be local cleaning devices. This is usually how autonomous sewage systems for cottages are implemented. This installation scheme uses multi-chamber treatment facilities, in which the activity of aerobic bacteria is used for cleaning. Since these microorganisms require oxygen, VOCs are equipped with aeration systems. After purification in this facility, water can be taken for watering the garden and technical needs without additional purification. The main advantage of VOC is that the frequency of sludge pumping is significantly reduced. You don't need to call a vacuum cleaner to do this. The work can be done using a fecal or drainage pump. The photo shows a diagram of the VOC device.

Video about choosing an autonomous sewerage station

Types of autonomous sewerage

Depending on the complexity, autonomous sewage systems can be single-level or multi-level. Based on location, it is divided into internal and external. In addition, sewerage is divided into pressure and gravity according to the type of waste disposal. Based on the method of wastewater disposal, autonomous sewers are divided into separate, semi-separate and general. In addition, there is a division of sewage systems according to the type of waste. So, there are the following systems:

• rain (storm);
• production;
• household;
• fecal.

The principle of operation of the sewage system

From the photo you can understand the structure of the three main types of autonomous sewers. However, one photo is not enough to understand the operating features of the system.

Cesspools

Let's start with the cesspool. This design is an ordinary pit of a certain depth with reinforced walls. The main condition is that the entire structure must be sealed to prevent runoff from entering the ground. This is the simplest DIY autonomous sewer system. As a container, you can use a steel or plastic barrel, a structure made of concrete well rings, or plastered brick surfaces.

All cesspools are divided into:

• open;
• closed.

Closed-type structures are completely insulated and there is no possibility of runoff entering the ground. Open pits are constructed on soils with good filtering capacity (sandy and sandy loam). A sand and gravel filtration layer is made at the bottom of the pit. After the wastewater passes through it, it is absorbed into the soil. Open-type structures are cleaned less frequently than closed-type pits.

Important: open-type structures cannot be constructed for domestic wastewater of fecal origin.

Video about the advantages of different methods of autonomous sewerage

Septic tanks

From the photo you can guess that an autonomous sewage system using a septic tank is a cascade wastewater treatment system, that is, the cleaning procedure is carried out in several stages. This is a reliable and durable system, which consists of several cameras (2 or 3). These chambers are installed in series and connected to each other by an overflow pipe. In each chamber, wastewater of different densities is treated:

1. The first settling chamber receives all wastewater from the house. Here they are separated under the influence of gravity into heavy waste, which settles to the bottom, fats, which float to the surface, and a purified medium, which enters the second chamber through the overflow pipe.
2. The second compartment collects watery, pre-treated wastewater. Here they are further purified by anaerobic microorganisms.
3. Then 60-70% purified wastewater is supplied to filtration fields or into a filtration well. Here the water is further purified by passing through a filtering gravel-sand layer. As a result, the degree of purification reaches 90-95%, which allows them to be dumped into the ground without the risk of harming the environment. Such water can not be drained into the ground, but collected in a storage tank and used as technical water, or to water the garden.

Biological treatment stations

The most optimized and efficient type of autonomous sewage system is deep cleaning installations. The principle of their operation is a bit like a septic tank, but in these devices the main work is performed not by anaerobic bacteria, but by aerobic microorganisms. Since their life requires oxygen, all installations are equipped with an aeration system.

An aeration system requires a compressor to operate, so VOCs are energy-dependent designs. This is their only drawback. However, the degree of purification in such devices reaches almost 100% without the use of post-treatment systems. Since such biological treatment stations are ready-made factory structures, their installation will not be difficult.

What type of autonomous sewerage scheme should I choose?

If you are planning to equip the simplest and most inexpensive sewage system for a small summer cottage for seasonal residence, then a cesspool is exactly what you need. Simplicity of design and reasonable price are the main advantages. However, such an autonomous do-it-yourself sewer also has a number of disadvantages:

• Unpleasant odors spread from the structure, so it is very difficult to find a place for it on the site so that the odors are not heard in the house, and access is provided for the sewage disposal truck.
• Once every 2 or 4 months you need to call a sewer to clean the pit, and this entails costs.
• If the location for the pit is chosen incorrectly, runoff can enter the ground and cause contamination of water supplies.

For a large dacha or house, a septic tank may be a good option. Its purchase or manufacture will cost a little more than installing a cesspool, but the efficiency of wastewater treatment is much higher, so it can be discharged into the ground.

The advantages of a septic tank include the following:

• Acceptable price.
• Sufficient level of wastewater treatment.
• Low probability of contamination of water supplies.
• The cleaning frequency is much lower than with a cesspool.
• This is a non-volatile installation.
• You can avoid visiting your dacha or home for 2-3 months, and the bacteria will not die during this time. This will allow you to use the system again after such a break without additional colonization of bacteria.

Among the disadvantages it is worth mentioning:

• Installation of a homemade structure is quite difficult to complete without the necessary knowledge.
• Since anaerobic bacteria live in the septic tank, producing methane, an unpleasant odor spreads from the structure.
• The need to use post-treatment.
• Limited salvo release.
• Household chemicals with chlorine and antibiotics can cause the death of bacteria.

Video on how to choose an autonomous sewer system for a cottage

The biological treatment station is considered the most effective. They are successfully used in permanent residences and cottages. The advantages of such installations include the following:

• High filtration speed.
• The degree of wastewater purification is 98-99%, which makes it possible to use it on the farm.
• These are compact structures that are easy to install yourself.
• There is no need to call vacuum cleaners to clean the system. This can be done with a net once a year.
• Durability.

However, even such installations have their drawbacks:

• High price.
• Limitations in the choice of household chemicals.
• This is a volatile design. If there is a power outage, aerobic bacteria will not be able to function effectively without oxygen.
• If the system is not used for a long time, microorganisms may die. Therefore, it is not recommended to take long breaks in using the sewer. Otherwise, the bacterial colonies will have to be repopulated.

Long gone are the days when everyone in a private home had a “birdhouse” on the street. The modern standard of comfortable life, even in a country house, presupposes the presence of a normal toilet and, at a minimum, a shower. And in a house there is often more than one bathroom, and in addition there are many household appliances. To ensure the required level of comfort, sewerage for a private home must be done correctly and its basis is the choice of method for processing wastewater.

Septic tank and local treatment plant - what is the difference

Out of ignorance, many people call both installations septic tanks, although these are different solutions that have wastewater at the output, purified to different degrees. And although Topas, Topol, Unilos, Tver are also called septic tanks, they are autonomous cleaning installations. Actually, traditional septic tanks are Termite, Rostock, Mole, and many others.

Autonomous sewage treatment stations (autonomous sewerage) are often called a toilet for the home without pumping. This means that there is no need to call a sewage disposal truck, but the sludge still needs to be pumped out. Just the amount of sludge - about 10 buckets - can be removed independently using a built-in installation or a fecal pump.

To understand which solution - an AC or a septic tank - is better, you must first understand how they differ, and then consider the specific situation. Sewage for a private home can be done correctly without the involvement of specialists - with your own hands, but for this you need to clearly understand what you need to do and why. Let's figure it out.

Features of septic tanks

Septic tanks are several chamber tanks connected to each other by overflow pipes. Each chamber has its own cleaning stage. Its basis is fermentation and decomposition by anaerobic bacteria (can live without oxygen), which are contained in waste. The more chambers in the septic tank, the more stages of purification, the purer the outlet water. But it is very rare to obtain more than 50-60% without additional filtration measures.

There is an anti-floating device (“skirt” at the bottom)

Septic tanks are made of plastic, fiberglass, concrete, and very rarely stainless steel. The cameras can be implemented in one housing, or they can be separate. To save money, they often build septic tanks with their own hands. Most often - but they are also built from brick or reinforced concrete. Please note that the container must be completely sealed. This is very important when building on your own.

Basic properties

We will understand the operating features of septic tanks. They are:

The main disadvantage of this method of treating wastewater from a private home is the need for additional treatment. Funds are still needed to install additional structures, but without them, the sewage system for a private home will not be correct. Semi-treated wastewater cannot be disposed of on the ground. They will very quickly get into the water and return to your and your neighbors' wells and boreholes. This will not bring you joy and health, and you also have to endure the “gratitude” of your neighbors. So let’s figure out how to treat wastewater after a septic tank.

Where to put the waste

Please note that in combination with a septic tank you must have a tertiary treatment device. Depending on the soil, this may be a filtration well, a filtration ditch or a field (underground or embankment). Only in this case can the cleaning be considered complete. Which type of filter element to use depends on the type of soil and groundwater level.

One of the ways to treat wastewater after a septic tank is a filtration field

Local treatment plants (VOC or AC)

During normal operation, autonomous sewerage installations are capable of producing fairly clean water. It cannot be used as drinking water or for watering the garden, but as a technical one it is very possible. The basis of cleansing is the work of aerobic bacteria (they live in the presence of oxygen). The waste they process turns into sludge, settles to the bottom of a special tank, from where it is then pumped out. Pumping frequency is 1-4 times a year, depending on the intensity of use.

In general, an autonomous wastewater treatment plant is a good thing, but it has certain operational features that you must know before deciding what is better for the sewage system of a private house - a septic tank or an AC.

This is roughly what installations for an autonomous sewer system in a private house look like. This

At the outlet, the ACs have water purified by 90-95%. With this quality, it can be poured onto the ground, however, for this you must have laboratory tests on hand. Therefore, many still prefer to use an intermediate settling well from which the water is then used for technical purposes. The second option is to divert the wastewater to filter devices. This, of course, is reinsurance, but in emergency situations it saves.

What is used to clean wastewater?

Waste is processed by anaerobic bacteria (they live only in the presence of air). To provide them with air in the VOC, aerators are constantly running. In addition, during cleaning, the contents are pumped from one compartment to another using built-in pumps. So without electricity, these installations are inoperable.

Inside the AU is also divided into chambers (this is Topas)

If the electricity is turned off, bacteria can survive without air for no more than 4 hours, after which they die, and the wastewater ceases to be processed. To start the system, it needs to be populated with new bacteria, and reaching a working state is possible only after 2-3 weeks. All this time, the wastewater will flow, at best, semi-purified. This is where a sump well or filter unit comes in handy. It will improve the situation at least a little.

Features of operation

Since the volume of autonomous treatment plants is small, they need constant feeding: bacteria need nutrients for normal life. Therefore, this type of device is suitable for private homes of permanent residence - regular receipts are needed. In principle, preservation for a certain period is possible, but the procedure is not pleasant, and it will take a long time to return to the installation mode.

Bacteria that process waste in automatic wastewater treatment plants are also sensitive to active chemicals. Since the chamber volumes are smaller, the release of detergents or disinfectants can significantly damage the recycling process. Moreover, cleaning and antibiotic treatment can negatively affect.

VOCs are much smaller in size than septic tanks. They are calculated depending on daily water consumption, but there is such an indicator as salvo discharge. This is the amount of waste that an autonomous sewer installation can accept at one time. If this value is exceeded, untreated wastewater flows into other chambers, which significantly reduces the degree of purification. So, in this situation, you have to decide which plumbing fixtures and household appliances work at the same time. And if the bathtub is drained, no other devices should work for some time.

Briefly: advantages and disadvantages

Autonomous sewerage treatment plants are certainly convenient; with them, sewerage for a private home is implemented quickly - installation takes 10-12 hours. Pumping out excess sludge is necessary several times a year (1-4 times depending on the intensity of use, but maybe less or more often). The amount of sludge pumped out is very small (5-10 buckets depending on the model) and maintenance can be carried out independently, although the procedure is not the most pleasant. But they are doing this, since the visit of a specialist is not cheap at all.

These home treatment plants have some disadvantages: the high cost of the equipment, dependence on the availability of electricity and the need to monitor the condition of the equipment.

Sewerage for a private home: which is better

It is impossible to say which sewerage system is better for a private home - a septic tank or an AU - without reference to specific conditions. Different soils, location of groundwater, stability of power supply. All this influences the choice of the optimal solution. Let's look at the most common situations.

As you can see, there is no universal solution. There is something better for this situation. Choosing the right sewer system for a private home is half the battle. Now all that remains is to decide on the wiring and .

Not every suburban town, village or hamlet can please the owners of private houses with the presence of a central sewerage system. If a locality is equipped with it, then in most cases there are difficulties with connection. Therefore, questions arise about how an autonomous sewage system is designed, what its cost is and the possibilities of equipping a private home.

Before carrying out work on equipping a house with an autonomous sewer system, it is necessary to pay attention to the model ranges of manufacturers, their technical characteristics, operating principles and other technical issues. When working independently, the theoretical and practical components must keep pace with each other, otherwise problems cannot be avoided.

Types of sewerage for a private home

First of all, we will consider all possible types of arrangement of the sewer system. This stage must be approached with the utmost seriousness, because the future process of wastewater disposal depends on the right choice.

Kinds:

• A simple sewer pit or storage tank;
• Homemade septic tank;
• A complete industrial wastewater treatment system.

To understand all the processes and features, we will carry out detailed work with each type.

Storage capacity

According to the majority of private homeowners, a cesspool is the simplest and cheapest way. You just need to dig a hole, make a good reservoir and order a pumping machine that will pump out the waste and take it to the right place.

Only the majority of “masters” do not understand the full process and possible problems. Without paying enough attention to capacity and tightness (some people deliberately do not take this fact into account), wastewater seeps into the soil and ends up in drinking water sources. This harms the inhabitants of the settlement and vegetation.

This process continues until the arrival of sanitary service personnel. They easily issue a fine (it is advisable to check the exact amount in advance in the area where you live) and issue an order to the homeowner to eliminate all deficiencies in the sewer system.

In addition to a possible fine, you will have to call a waste disposal truck at least once a month to pump out waste. If we take into account the average cost of 1,000 rubles, then the total amount for the year will be about 12,000 rubles.

It would seem an economical system, but in reality it is a lot of expense and hassle. To complete the picture, you can add the lack of comfort, strict water conservation, constant monitoring of the level of wastewater in the pit and other problems.

Homemade septic tank

The greatest efficiency is observed. To save money, you can make the entire system yourself.

A septic tank is a system for settling wastewater. For this procedure, special tanks are used, which are separated from each other. At each stage, the water is purified from certain substances. Also during the procedure, special bacteria take part, whose task is to process organic substances.

As a result, the output is water with purification up to 75-85%. For complete purification and further discharge into the soil, or for use on a personal plot, you need to pass the liquid through special filters. We will discuss more detailed information about the operation of septic tanks at the end of the article.

Materials for a homemade device:

• Reinforced concrete rings;
• Concrete;
• Brick.

Septic tanks made from these materials show better results compared to others. You can also use other available means, but taking into account the receipt of a full-fledged sewer system.

Important! When creating a homemade system, it is necessary to take into account the durability of the sewer system and the minimum cost of maintaining operability. If the calculations are incorrect, the design will begin to bring losses instead of benefits.

Factory septic tanks

According to their principle of wastewater treatment, they are similar to home-made models. It is worth immediately noting that the factory devices resemble a full-fledged sewage waste treatment system. There are a large number of models from different manufacturers on the modern market.

Advantages:

• High reliability and durability of each model. This parameter ensures long-term operation of the entire system.
• Due to the high tightness of the containers, there are no sewage odors on the site.
• The level of water purification can reach 98%. When installing a filtration system, you can make a special tank to receive purified water. It can then be used for watering plants on the site and for other technical needs. With modern water prices, this results in good budget savings.
• Installation and further maintenance of performance do not require special skills and knowledge. With the correct choice of model and installation, the number of calls for an assistance machine may not exceed 1 time per year.

How do septic tanks work?

Having considered the main points of home-made and factory-made septic tanks, you can move on to detailed information about the operation of the cleaning system.

Important! There are a large number of models that differ from each other, but the basic essence of cleaning remains the same.

Cleaning of drains:

• In compartment 1, the liquid is separated from solid insoluble residues and fat. The first ones fall to the bottom, and the second ones rise to the surface.
• Through a special pipeline in the middle of the tank, wastewater moves to the next stage of treatment. Here bacteria break down organic compounds and purify the water.
• For complete wastewater treatment, the third stage is used - water filtration. A powder of crushed stone and sand is used as filters. Only after this does the water enter the soil or reservoir for further use for technical purposes.

The operation of an autonomous sewer system does not have complex stages. Also, during installation there are no problems or difficulties if you follow the laws of physics and basic rules. As a result, the owner of a private house will receive only advantages from using such a sewer system.