Acute duodenitis symptoms. Symptoms and treatment of severe and moderate duodenitis. Acute duodenitis: what is it?

Duodenitis is a disease that manifests itself as inflammation of the duodenum and is accompanied by significant thinning of the mucosa. In most cases, to treat such a disorder, gastroenterologists prescribe conservative therapy, which consists of following a diet, taking medications and using traditional medicine. However, it is worth considering that if the patient continues to lead an unhealthy lifestyle, then the positive effect of treatment may not occur.

Depending on the type of illness, different groups of medications will be prescribed. For example, the phlegmonous form requires quite long and serious therapy with antibiotics; for catarrhal form, antisecretory and antacid substances are required. But in most cases, treatment of duodenitis with medications requires an integrated approach and involves the simultaneous use of several groups of drugs, which are rarely prescribed individually.

Often the course of their use does not exceed three weeks, but depending on the form of the disease, the duration may vary. So, in cases, lifelong medication is indicated, but only during periods of exacerbation.

Treatment with tablets is mandatory in a hospital setting, under the supervision of a specialist. For duodenitis, patients may be prescribed:

• antacids;
• antimicrobial agents;
• antibiotics;
• anti-inflammatory drugs;
• painkillers and antisecretory drugs;
• vitamin complexes and enzymes.

If the disease occurs in a chronic form or is accompanied by symptoms from the vegetative-vascular system, then the above group of drugs is supplemented with sedatives.

Treatment regimens

Gastroenterologists have developed several treatment regimens that are used only in cases where the pathological influence of the Helicobacter pylori bacterium has been detected. There are several options:

When diagnosing secondary forms of duodenitis, i.e. formed against the background of other gastrointestinal diseases, it is first necessary to eliminate the underlying disease, which caused destructive changes in the duodenum area.

Also, drug therapy for duodenitis consists of several areas:

• etiotropic treatment– aimed at eliminating pathogens of the disease. Depending on the reasons, various substances are prescribed;
• pathogenetic– used against the inflammatory process;
• symptomatic– relieves other symptoms of this disorder.

Antibiotic therapy

Treatment with antibiotics is only necessary in cases where a pathogenic bacterium has been identified. The optimal course of eliminating inflammation of the duodenum must necessarily consist of a combination of two or three antimicrobial medications. For duodenitis, drugs such as:

• Amoxicillin;
• Clarithromycin;
• Metronidazole;
• Furazolidone.

In addition, the elimination of duodenitis is facilitated by:

• Klacid;
• Alpha Normix;
• Amoxicar;
• Omephesis;
• Promez.

The approved course duration is no more than two weeks. Since Helicobacter pylori can adapt to certain drugs, in cases where such a microorganism is detected after the specified period, the doctor prescribes analogues of antibiotics.

Such drugs can only be prescribed by the attending physician, since some of them have a destructive effect on the intestinal walls. It is for this reason that, after taking antibiotics, it is imperative to use probiotics and prebiotics to restore the intestinal microflora. These products include Linex, Bifiform, Probifor and Hilak-Forte.

Antispasmodics for duodenitis

The use of this group of drugs relaxes the smooth muscles of the walls, reduces the manifestation of painful spasms and discomfort, which very often accompany the inflammatory process of the duodenum.

The most effective drug is considered Platyfillin, aimed at eliminating pain in the organs of the digestive system, which is why it is widely used not only for duodenitis, but also for other gastrointestinal disorders.

No less popular and effective medicine is No-Shpa, which eliminates spasms. In addition, patients may be prescribed:

• Papaverine;
• Duspatalin;
• Drotaverine is an analogue of No-Shpa.

You can take these tablets, regardless of food intake, three times a day. However, they have several contraindications, the main ones being asthma and kidney failure. It is for this reason that medications are prescribed only by the attending physician, and the entire course of treatment takes place in a hospital.

Antacids

This group of drugs, thanks to several active ingredients, has a beneficial effect on acidity in the gastrointestinal tract, i.e., reduces it. In addition, it has an enveloping and mild antispasmodic effect. Can be used both for duodenitis and other ailments of the gastrointestinal tract.

The most effective medicine of this group is Almagel. It not only neutralizes the effect of hydrochloric acid, but helps restore injured tissues of the duodenum.

Other such substances include:

• Omez;
• Rutacid - in addition to the main effect, protects the mucous membrane from aggressive irritants;
• De-Nol - used for almost all gastrointestinal diseases, envelops and heals the membrane of the affected organ. Doctors often prescribe a well-known analogue of this drug – Vis-Nol;
• Maalox;
• Gaviscon;
• Phosphalugel;
• Altacid.

The main contraindications to the use of the above drugs are the presence of renal failure, the period of gestation, and the patient’s age under three years.

Antisecretory substances

Proton pump inhibitors are considered the most effective means for reducing secretion. This group differs from other drugs in its harmlessness and therapeutic effect.

For inflammation of the duodenum, the following is recommended:

• Omeprazole;
• Rabeprazole;
• Lansoprazole;
• Esomeprazole is eliminated from the body most slowly, which is why its dosage will be slightly smaller. This medicine is considered the most effective PPI and lasts for fourteen hours.

However, in addition to such medications, for the treatment of duodenitis, medications will be required to improve the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. They are often prescribed for exacerbation of the chronic course of the disease. They not only promote motor skills, but also speed up the passage of food masses, but do not affect gastrin levels. Among these means the most famous are:

• Motilak;
• Motilium;
• Ganaton;
• Itomed;
• Passengers.

Vitamin complex

The administration of vitamins is indicated for inflammation of the duodenum to normalize or maintain the level of the immune system. Vitamin complexes A, B and C are considered the most valuable for the digestive system.

They can enter the body with food, but it is recommended to take them in tablet form, so they will be of greater benefit. Some products may take the form of a vaccine - Beplex is considered the best multivitamin product.

Some of the above medications can be used to prevent this disorder. Such drugs include:

• Omez;
• Pantoprazole;
• Misoprostol;
• Famotidine;
• Alpha Normix;
• Rofecoxib;
• Celecoxib.

Only the attending physician can prescribe certain medications and set their dosage. Only a specialist will be able to determine the nature of the course and causes of such a disease, as well as find out the content of hydrochloric acid. Self-administration of medications can only aggravate the course of the disease and cause undesirable consequences.

Similar materials

Erosive duodenitis is an inflammatory process that leads to the formation of erosions and ulcers on the surface of the mucous membrane of the duodenum. This gastroenterological pathology can lead to the development of peptic ulcer disease, which explains the second name of the disease - erosive-ulcerative duodenitis. The disease has no restrictions regarding age and gender. At the initial stage of development, it responds well to conservative methods of therapy. Be sure to follow a strict diet.

Chronic duodenitis is a long-term inflammation of the mucous membrane of the duodenum, which over time leads to disruption of digestive function. According to doctors, every fifth adult suffers from this disease. Most often, chronic duodenitis develops secondarily, under the influence of pathologies of neighboring organs. The disease does not threaten the patient's life, but the likelihood of a complete cure is low.

Classification of chronic duodenitis

Depending on whether the disease affects an unchanged organ or occurs under the influence of another pathology, chronic gastroduodenitis can be primary (about 25% of cases) or secondary.

According to the prevalence of inflammation - limited (within one anatomical section of the duodenum) or diffuse.

According to the morphological changes occurring in the structure of the mucous membrane, chronic duodenitis can be:

• weak - the structure of the mucosa is generally preserved, but there are signs of inflammation: lymphocytes appear between the epithelial cells, the number of lymphoid follicles (special structures consisting of immunocompetent cells) is increased;
• moderate - the superficial villi of the epithelium are shortened;
• severe - the villi are greatly shortened, there are many lymphocytes between the epithelial cells, and erosions are often visible.

Depending on how deeply the mucous membrane is affected and the severity of atrophy resulting from prolonged inflammation, duodenitis can be:

• superficial;
• diffuse - the process extends to the entire thickness of the mucosa, accompanied by blood and lymphostasis;
• atrophic - the mucous membrane is thinned, villi and glandular cells are less than normal, connective tissue is actively growing.

In addition, there is a classification of chronic duodenitis according to the clinical picture, but this will be discussed in more detail in the “Symptoms” section.

Causes of chronic duodenitis

Chronic duodenitis - causes, symptoms, treatment, dietary table

Primary chronic duodenitis most often occurs due to regular errors in nutrition and abuse of irritating foods. Smoking is considered one of the provoking factors: nicotine constricts blood vessels, including the vessels of the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract, and against the background of insufficient blood supply, its protective and restorative abilities are reduced.

As a result, the balance between the protective properties of the mucous membrane and damaging effects is disrupted, which causes inflammation. That is why it is quite difficult to completely cure chronic duodenitis: to do this, you need to identify and eliminate the root cause.

Symptoms of chronic duodenitis

Depending on the clinical form of chronic duodenitis, pain and heaviness in the abdomen may be accompanied by constipation or diarrhea

Symptoms of chronic duodenitis may vary depending on its clinical form.

Ulcerative duodenitis most often occurs against the background of ulcerative or erosive lesions of the mucous membrane, Helicobacter pylori infection; inflammation is most active in the area of ​​the duodenal bulb. Abdominal pain occurs several hours after eating or on an empty stomach, often at night, and goes away soon after eating or using antacids. Often accompanied by sour belching, heartburn, and a tendency to constipation.

Gastritis-like duodenitis usually develops against the background of atrophic gastritis, provoked by Helicobacter, and is accompanied by duodenogastric reflux (reflux of intestinal contents into the stomach). Less commonly, it occurs due to congenital anomalies and acquired (scar) deformities of the intestine, which impede the normal movement of food through the duodenum. Immediately after eating, pain and heaviness appear in the abdomen, belching of air or rotten food. The patient is losing weight for no apparent reason; in addition to pain and stomach discomfort, he complains of flatulence and frequent diarrhea.

Cholecyst-like and pancreatic-like The variants of duodenitis differ only in the location of the pain: on the right with cholecyst-like duodenitis and on the left with pancreatic-like duodenitis. In both cases, pain appears as a reaction to fatty foods and may be accompanied by nausea, alternating constipation and diarrhea. This form of gastroduodenitis occurs as a reaction to a temporary disruption of the outflow of bile or pancreatic secretion.

If the disease lasts a long time and the atrophy of the mucous membrane is severe, the pain becomes almost constant and ceases to depend on food intake. The abdomen is often swollen, the stool is unstable, the patient loses a lot of weight, as digestion is impaired. As a rule, symptoms of damage to other organs of the gastrointestinal tract are associated.

Diagnosis of chronic duodenitis

Like chronic gastritis, chronic duodenitis is a diagnosis primarily morphological, that is, it must be confirmed by studying samples of the mucous membrane obtained during endoscopy.

In practice, chronic duodenitis is usually diagnosed after FEGDS (fibroesophagogastroduodenoscopy), if the doctor sees characteristic inflammatory changes in the mucous membrane: swelling, redness, atrophy, erosion.

To assess the motor function of the duodenum, an X-ray examination with contrast is prescribed. In addition to the altered motor activity of the intestinal wall, you can see cicatricial deformities that have arisen at the site of healed ulcers.

Breath tests for Helicobacter are necessary to detect the infection and provide appropriate treatment.

To assess the general condition of the body, the doctor may prescribe a clinical and biochemical blood test, urine test, and stool test.

Treatment of chronic duodenitis

During an exacerbation of chronic duodenitis, it is necessary to adhere to a diet and take medications in a timely manner to avoid painful night pain

Since in most cases chronic duodenitis is of a secondary nature, treatment begins with treatment of the underlying disease. During the period of exacerbation, diet table No. 1 is recommended, for milk intolerance - No. 4. Gradually, other foods are included in the diet, transferring the patient to table No. 15.

If tests for Helicobacter pylori are positive, a complex of drugs to destroy it is prescribed, consisting of a proton pump inhibitor and two types of antibiotics.

If chronic duodenitis manifests itself as an ulcer-like variant, treatment is aimed at reducing the secretory activity of the gastrointestinal tract: proton pump inhibitors (omeprazole, pantoprazole, lansoprazole, rabeprazole, esomeprazole) and H2-histamine receptor blockers (ranitidine, famotidine) are recommended. Moreover, it is very important to take these medications in the evening to prevent night pain.

To reduce the activity of inflammation and restore the normal structure of the mucous membrane, gastroprotectors (rebamipide) are recommended. Rebamipide restores protective functions, activates cell restoration, improves microcirculation, and accelerates the healing of the gastrointestinal mucosa.

Prevention and prognosis for duodenitis

With timely consultation with a doctor and treatment aimed at preventing atrophy, the prognosis is favorable, the disease is not life-threatening.

Primary prevention of duodenitis has not been developed. To prevent exacerbations, a healthy lifestyle, regular nutrition, adequate sleep and moderate physical activity are recommended.

Duodenitis– inflammation of the mucous membrane of the duodenum (duodenum). The disease manifests itself as acute or nagging pain in the upper abdomen, nausea, vomiting, and upset stool.

Duodenitis is the most common disease of the duodenum; 5-10% of the population have experienced its symptoms at least once in their lives. It equally affects representatives of different age groups. In men, it is diagnosed 2 times more often due to addiction to alcohol and an unhealthy lifestyle.

According to the stages of the disease and the duration of the course, acute and chronic duodenitis are distinguished.

Acute duodenitis develops quickly due to poisoning or ingestion of spicy food. It causes superficial inflammation of the mucous membrane, the appearance of ulcers and erosions, and rarely phlegmon (cavities filled with pus). The disease manifests itself with acute pain and digestive disorders. With proper treatment and diet, acute duodenitis goes away in a few days. With repeated inflammation, the risk of developing chronic duodenitis is 90%.

Chronic duodenitis often occurs against the background of other chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (gastritis, peptic ulcer, pancreatitis), as well as due to poor nutrition. The disease can cause deep erosions and atrophy (thinning) of the upper layer of the duodenum. Periodically, chronic duodenitis worsens - severe pain and indigestion occur. This form of the disease requires long-term drug treatment and diet.

Anatomy of the duodenum

The main pancreatic duct and the common bile duct open into the lumen of the duodenum. At the site of their exit, a major duodenal papilla (papilla of Vater) is formed. It is a cone-shaped formation equipped with a sphincter. With its help, the flow of bile and pancreatic secretions into the intestines is dosed. At the exit site of the accessory pancreatic duct there is a minor papilla.

Functions

• Neutralization of gastric juice. In the duodenum, food gruel mixed with acidic gastric juice acquires an alkaline reaction. Such contents do not irritate the intestinal mucosa.
• Regulating the production of digestive enzymes, bile, pancreatic juice. The duodenum “analyzes” the composition of food and sends the appropriate command to the digestive glands.
• Feedback from the stomach. The duodenum ensures the reflex opening and closing of the pylorus of the stomach and the passage of food into the small intestine

Parts

• The upper part - the ampulla or bulb - is a continuation of the pylorus of the stomach and, unlike the other parts, has longitudinal folds.
• Descending part
• Horizontal part
• Rising part

Blood supply The duodenum is supplied by 4 pancreatic-duodenal arteries and veins of the same name. The intestine also has its own lymphatic vessels and 15-25 lymph nodes.

Innervation. The nerve branches of the superior mesenteric, celiac, hepatic and renal plexuses approach the wall of the duodenum.

Histological structure. The mucous membrane of the duodenum has a special structure, as it must withstand the effects of hydrochloric acid, pepsin, bile and pancreatic enzymes. Its cells have fairly dense membranes and are quickly restored.

In the submucosal layer are located the Brunner's glands, which secrete a thick mucous secretion that neutralizes the aggressive effects of gastric juice and protects the mucous membrane of the duodenum. Causes of inflammation of the duodenum

Causes of acute duodenitis

1. Consumption of foods that irritate the digestive mucosa
   • roast
   • bold
   • smoked
   • acute
   In order to cope with such food, more hydrochloric acid is produced in the stomach. At the same time, the protective properties of the duodenal mucosa decrease, and it becomes more sensitive to negative influences.
2. Foodborne illnesses caused by:
   • Helicobacter pylori, which causes peptic ulcers
   • enterococci
   • clostridia
   Bacteria, when multiplying, damage duodenal cells and cause their death. This is accompanied by inflammation and swelling of the intestinal wall, as well as the release of a large amount of fluid into its lumen. The latter is the cause of diarrhea.
3. Diseases of the digestive organs
   • pancreatitis
   • peptic ulcer
   These diseases lead to impaired blood circulation and tissue nutrition in the duodenum. In addition, inflammation of nearby organs can spread to the small intestine, which negatively affects the protective properties of its mucosa. Diseases of the liver and pancreas disrupt the synthesis of bile and pancreatic juice, without which normal functioning of the duodenum is impossible.
4. Reverse reflux of small intestinal contents into the duodenum (reflux). It may be associated with spasm of the lower intestines or obstruction. Thus, bacteria are introduced from the lower intestines that cause inflammation.


5. Ingestion of toxic substances, which cause burns to the gastrointestinal mucosa. These can be acids, alkalis, chlorine compounds or other household chemicals.


6. Ingestion of foreign bodies or indigestible parts of food products leads to mechanical damage to the duodenum.

Causes of chronic duodenitis

1. Intestinal dysfunction
   • chronic constipation
   • poor peristalsis
   • adhesions
   • innervation disorder
   These pathologies lead to a slowdown in contractions - a deterioration in duodenal peristalsis. Stagnation of the contents causes stretching and atrophy of its walls, and also has a bad effect on the condition of the mucosa.
2. Chronic stomach diseases. Chronic gastritis with high acidity leads to the fact that hydrochloric acid gradually damages the intestinal cells, leading to thinning of the mucous membrane.


3. Chronic diseases of the pancreas, liver, gall bladder lead to disruption of the flow of enzymes into the duodenum. As a result, the stability of the intestines is disrupted and its protective properties are reduced.

• unhealthy or irregular diet
• chronic constipation
• disruption of hormone production
• taking a lot of medications
• bad habits

Symptoms of duodenitis

Symptoms of duodenitis

1. Pain in the epigastric region. The pain intensifies with palpation (palpation) of the abdominal wall.
   • At chronic duodenitis the pain is constant, dull in nature, which is associated with inflammation and swelling of the wall of the duodenum. The pain intensifies 1-2 hours after eating and on an empty stomach.
   • If duodenitis is associated with impaired patency of the duodenum, then the pain appears when the intestines are full and is of a paroxysmal nature: acute bursting or twisting.
   • Local inflammation in the area of ​​the papilla of Vater disrupts the flow of bile from the gallbladder, which is accompanied by symptoms of “renal colic”. There is acute pain in the right or left hypochondrium, girdle pain.
   • Ulcerative duodenitis, caused by the bacteria Helicobacter pylori. Severe pain occurs on an empty stomach or at night.
   • If duodenitis is caused gastritis with high acidity, then the pain occurs after eating 10-20 minutes. It is associated with the entry into the intestines of a portion of food mixed with acidic gastric juice.
2. General weakness and rapid fatigue are signs of intoxication of the body caused by inflammatory products. In acute duodenitis, body temperature may rise to 38 degrees.
3. Indigestion. Violation of the synthesis of digestive enzymes leads to fermentation of food in the intestines and its rotting. This is accompanied by:
   • decreased appetite
   • nausea
   • rumbling in the stomach
   • increased gas formation
   • diarrhea
4. Bitter belching, vomiting with bile associated with duodenal overflow. Its contents do not pass into the intestines, but are thrown into the stomach - duodenogastric reflux.
5. Jaundice of the skin and sclera with duodenitis it is explained by stagnation of bile and increased levels of bilirubin in the blood. This occurs when the papilla of Vater becomes inflamed and the bile duct narrows. Bile does not exit into the intestines, but overflows the gallbladder and enters the blood.
6. Disorders of the nervous system. Prolonged duodenitis causes atrophy of the mucous membrane and glands that produce digestive enzymes. This negatively affects the absorption of food. The body experiences a nutritional deficiency. To improve digestion, blood flow to the stomach and intestines is increased, while the brain and lower extremities are “robbed.” Dumping syndrome develops, the symptoms of which appear after eating:
   • fullness in the stomach
   • feeling of heat in the upper half of the body
   • dizziness, weakness, drowsiness
   • trembling hands, ringing in the ears.
   • hormonal deficiency develops, which negatively affects the functioning of the autonomic nervous system.
   In older people, duodenitis may be asymptomatic. In this case, the disease is diagnosed accidentally during gastroduodenoscopy.

Diagnosis of duodenitis

• areas of narrowing of the duodenum - indicating a tumor, the formation of adhesions, developmental abnormalities
• enlarged areas - consequences of mucosal atrophy, motility disorders, blockage of the underlying sections of the intestine, decreased tone of the intestinal wall due to impaired innervation
• a “niche” in the wall of the duodenum may be a sign of erosion, ulcer, diverticulum
• gas accumulations are a sign of mechanical intestinal obstruction
• with swelling, immobility and inflammation, the folds can be smoothed out
• reflux of food mass from the duodenum into the stomach

Radiography is better tolerated by patients, it is accessible and painless. However, x-rays are not able to detect changes in the mucous membrane, but only indicate gross disturbances in the functioning of the organ.

Laboratory tests for duodenitis:

• a blood test reveals anemia and increased ESR;
• in stool analysis - hidden blood in bleeding erosions and ulcers.

Treatment of duodenitis

• elimination of acute inflammation
• preventing the disease from becoming chronic
• restoration of duodenal function
• normalization of digestion

Indications for hospitalization for duodenitis:

• exacerbation of duodenitis
• suspected tumor of the small intestine
• severe general condition of the patient, advanced cases of the disease
• inflammation of the serous covering of the duodenum (periduodenitis) and nearby organs
• presence or threat of bleeding (erosive or ulcerative form of duodenitis)

Treatment of duodenitis with medications

Nutrition for duodenitis

• ulcerative-like duodenitis - diet No. 1
• gastritis-like duodenitis (with reduced gastric secretion) - diet No. 2
• cholecysto- and pancreatitis-like duodenitis diet – No. 5

• Eat small meals 4-6 times a day. The feeling of hunger should not arise, otherwise “hunger pains” may appear.
• Food is served warm at 40-50°C.
• Dishes should be prepared in such a way as not to irritate the gastrointestinal mucosa. Preference is given to pureed soups with the addition of sour cream or cream and semi-liquid porridges (oatmeal, rice, semolina).
• Boiled lean meat with a minimum amount of connective tissue, removed from skin and tendons. Before use, it is advisable to mince it or grind it in a blender.
• Dairy products: milk, cream, steamed curd soufflé, yogurt, kefir, yogurt.
• Boiled vegetables, fruits without peels and seeds, baked or in the form of jelly. You can use canned baby food.
• Soft-boiled eggs or as a steam omelet. 2-3 per day.
• Fats: highly refined butter, olive and sunflower oil.
• Juices are a source of vitamins and improve digestion.
• Dried bread and crackers. They are better tolerated than fresh baked goods.
• Sweets - honey, jam, mousse, jelly, hard cookies, caramel in limited quantities.

• canned food
• smoked meats
• concentrated broths from meat, fish, mushrooms
• fatty meats and fish (pork, duck, mackerel)
• pepper, mustard, garlic, horseradish, pepper, onion
• ice cream
• carbonated drinks
• alcohol
• raw vegetables and fruits

Consequences of duodenitis

• Intestinal obstruction– a condition in which the movement of food through the intestines is partially or completely stopped. It is accompanied by sharp pain in the upper abdomen, 15 minutes after eating, and repeated vomiting mixed with bile. This phenomenon can be caused by the proliferation of connective tissue and the formation of adhesions at the site of the inflammatory process.


• Peptic ulcer of the duodenum. A deep defect forms on the wall of the duodenum - an ulcer. Its appearance is associated with the effect of hydrochloric acid and pepsin on the weakened mucous membrane. It manifests itself as pain in the upper abdomen during long breaks between meals, when drinking alcohol and exercising. Digestion is also disturbed: bloating, alternating diarrhea and constipation.


• Maldigestion/malabsorption syndrome– impaired absorption of nutrients through the intestinal mucosa due to enzyme deficiency. The development of a complex of symptoms is associated with disruption of the glands of the digestive tract. This condition manifests itself in the early stages as diarrhea. Subsequently, exhaustion appears, changes in the composition of the blood - anemia, immunodeficiency - a decrease in the body's resistance to infections. Children have noticeable delays in physical development.


• Intestinal bleeding may be a consequence of erosive duodenitis. It is manifested by weakness, dizziness, drop in blood pressure, blood in the stool (discharge turns black).

Duodenitis is a fairly common disease, but highly treatable. If symptoms appear, consult a doctor and strictly follow his instructions! You should not self-medicate to prevent the disease from becoming chronic.

– persistent polyetiological dystrophic lesion of the duodenal epithelium, characterized by inflammation, transformation, metaplasia and atrophy of the intestinal glands. Signs of the disease are nonspecific: pain in the upper abdomen, dyspepsia, vegetative symptoms (weakness, trembling fingers, sweating, sudden heartbeat, etc.). The diagnosis is established on the basis of X-ray examination of the stomach and duodenum, endoscopy, duodenal intubation, and antroduodenal manometry. Treatment includes etiotropic therapy, diet and daily routine; according to indications - surgery (for duodenal obstruction).

General information

Therapy for chronic duodenitis in the period of exacerbation is carried out in the gastroenterology department. A therapeutic fast is prescribed with a gradual transition to table No. 1. Symptomatic and pathogenetic treatment includes the use of antispasmodics, antacids, astringents; replenishment of vitamin and protein deficiency. With a long course of this pathology with severe dyspeptic syndrome, the prescription of antidepressants may be required.

Surgical treatment of chronic duodenitis is required when its phlegmonous variant is detected; rapid weight loss combined with severe pain and dyspepsia; detection of duodenal obstruction.