How to use chlorhexidine aqueous solution. "Chlorhexidine" - what is it? How to dilute and how to use Chlorhexidine? What is chlorhexidine

Currently, antibiotics have become so popular that they are taken independently for any reason. However, there is a class of antiseptics that, although not antibiotics in their chemical composition, have a fairly effective effect on many harmful ones and can be used for various infectious diseases.

Such substances include chlorhexidine instructions for use which contains a wide range of infections of the skin and mucous membranes. This antiseptic substance is a complex chemical compound based on chlorine, and its full name is chlorhexidine digluconate.

Chlorhexidine has a bactericidal and bacteriostatic effect on microorganisms, destroys bacterial DNA and blocks the amino acids necessary for its life, acts on:

• pathogens of tuberculosis;
• all types of staphylococcus;
• groups of streptococci;
• pathogens of salmonellosis,
• E. coli groups,
• Neisseria groups,
• other microorganisms, anaerobic and aerobic.

In addition, it acts not only on bacteria, but also on viruses, such as:

• herpes viruses;
• pathogens of hepatitis A, B, and C;
• enteroviruses;
• rotaviruses;
• influenza virus strains;
• other viruses.

And also on pathogens from other biological groups, namely:

• yeast fungi;
• dermatophytes;
• chlamydia;
• Trichomonas.

Chlorhexidine is neutral to microorganisms that have become resistant to acidic environments. According to some reports, it is able to influence bacterial spores only in combination with high temperature.

A solution of chlorhexidine has a disinfecting and cleansing effect on the skin and mucous membranes without causing a toxic effect or compromising their integrity.

The active substance of the drug retains its activity in the presence of purulent and serous discharge, and in the presence of biological fluids and other substances. The duration of the antimicrobial effect after treating covers and surfaces is up to several hours.

Chlorhexidine is most active in neutral and slightly acidic environments. You should know that if there is alkalization of the environment, in the presence of soap, alkaline solutions, colloids and gum arabic, then chlorhexidine loses its antimicrobial properties and precipitates.

The drug is well compatible with medicinal substances that have an oxidizing effect, organic acids, as well as salts of chloride and bromide acids.

In the presence of ethyl alcohol, the bactericidal effect of chlorhexidine is enhanced, which is used when using an alcohol solution. But Chlorhexidine and iodine preparations are categorically incompatible.

Please note that if it comes into contact with colored fabrics, chlorhexidine may leave white or brown stains.

Contraindications and side effects

Chlorhexidine is used with caution if there is a risk of the solution getting into the meninges, as well as during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Caution is also required when used in young children.

Chlorhexidine is contraindicated in the presence of skin or other allergic reactions. It is advisable to check sensitivity to chlorhexidine before starting procedures by applying a drop of it to the skin in the area of ​​the inner surface of the forearm.

If Chlorhexidine gets into your eyes, rinse them immediately with plenty of water.

If the drug gets inside despite the fact that it is practically not absorbed, it is necessary to use coating substances such as milk, egg white, and it is imperative to carry out a gastric lavage procedure.

Side effects are rare after using Chlorhexidine, but they still occur, the most common of which are:

• dry skin;
• skin rash;
• reactive inflammation;
• increased photosensitivity;
• stickiness of hand skin;
• change in taste;
• yellowing of tooth enamel;
• yellowing of mucous membranes;
• the appearance of tartar.

For the drug chlorhexidine instructions contains recommendations for use in various situations requiring an antiseptic effect, and the specifics of use depend on the form in which the drug is released.

For an alcohol solution, the scope of application includes the following areas:

• wiping and lubricating the skin before surgery;
• cleaning the surgeon's hands;
• washing and disinfection of surgical instruments;
• wiping medical furniture;
• disinfection of equipment, including ultrasonic sensors;
• processing of care items.

Chlorhexidine is also used for hygienic hand treatment not only among personnel of medical institutions, but also among public utility workers, in food production, in canteens and cafes.

Application of aqueous solution

Water solution chlorhexidine bigluconate 0.05 instructions for use contains recommendations for the following diseases:

• throat;
• oral cavity;
• genitals;
• Bladder;
• wounds after operations;
• wounds with signs of infection and suppuration;
• wounds after burns and other injuries.

Chlorhexidine in dentistry

Chlorhexidine instructions for use for mouth rinse contains recommendations for its use in dentistry for the following diseases:

• gingivitis;
• stomatitis;
• candidiasis.

It also applies:

• after tooth extraction;
• after opening abscesses on the gums;
• before tooth extraction;
• before local anesthesia;
• after dental procedures;
• for prevention;
• when wearing dentures.

You should know that this drug does not dissolve plaque and is effective only after it is removed. It is also important to remember that Chlorhexidine should not be used immediately after using toothpaste.

When using Chlorhexidine, chromogenic substances should be excluded from the diet, namely:

• coffee;
• cigarettes;
• red wine.

Long-term use of chlorhexidine in combination with these substances may cause the teeth and tongue to become yellow-brown in color, which will have to be removed using professional cleaning techniques.

The drug should not be used for more than two weeks to avoid the development of dysbiosis in the oral cavity.

Chlorhexidine in urology and gynecology

Chlorexidine is used in urology and gynecology for:

• douching;
• irrigation;
• instillations.

Chlorhexidine is used for both treatment and prevention.

Chlorhexidine is also active against pathogens of sexually transmitted diseases and is used to prevent the spread of the following pathogens:

• chlamydia;
• ureaplasma;
• Trichomonas;
• Neisseria gonorrhea;
• treponema pallidum;
• genital herpes virus;
• human papillomavirus;
• AIDS virus.

The drug is effective if used immediately after sexual intercourse or within no more than two hours.

Application in ENT practice

An aqueous solution of chlorhexidine bigluconate has proven itself in ENT practice for diseases of the upper respiratory tract, external auditory canal, nose and sinuses.

Chlorhexidine is indicated for rinsing and irrigation:

• throat;
• tonsils;
• nasal cavity;
• frontal sinuses;
• external auditory canal.

It is effective for the following types of sore throats:

• bacterial;

And also in any of its forms:

• catarrhal;
• lacunar;
• purulent;
• necrotic.

Chlorhexidine can be used to gargle not only for sore throat, but also for:

• pharyngitis;
• laryngitis;
• tonsillitis;
• Flu.

Chlorhexidine for gargling

Chlorhexidine in the form of an aqueous solution with a concentration of 0.5%, 0.2% and 0.05% is used to gargle for the above diseases.

Chlorhexidine can also be used in children, but with caution and under the supervision of an adult.

The child needs to be explained how to gargle with chlorhexidine ( also used for gargling ) , make sure that the child does it correctly, spits out and does not swallow the medicine. The best concentration for children would be 0.05%.

Rinse after meals, twice or thrice a day. Approximately a tablespoon or slightly less of an aqueous solution of chlorhexidine in the concentration recommended by the doctor is taken into the mouth and rinsed for half a minute.

Also, when using this drug, the following rules should be observed: :

• Do not eat or drink after rinsing for at least two hours;
• strictly observe the contact time of chlorhexidine with the surface of the throat;
• it is allowed to include the solution in complex treatment;
• do not combine with Lugol's solution containing iodine;
• cannot be combined with hydrogen peroxide.

For young children, it is permissible to lubricate the tonsils with an aqueous solution using a sterile gauze swab.

Types of drug release

Chlorhexidine is commercially available in the following dosage forms:

1. A solution of chlorhexidine biglucanate in alcohol. 0.5%.
2. Solution of chlorhexidine bigluconate in water, 0.5%, 0.2% and 0.05%, 100 ml
3. Gel with a concentration of chlorhexidine bigluconate 0.5%
4. Suppositories for vaginal use 0.008 and 0.016%.

Chlorhexidine buy

The drug chlorhexidine is produced by many pharmaceutical companies, is found in almost all pharmacy chains and its price is relatively low.

A 100 ml bottle of chlorhexidine solution 0.5%, alcohol or water, costs from 18 to 30 rubles. In the form of a spray, the cost will be slightly more expensive.

For candles Chlorhexidine price remains at the level of 150-200 rubles.

Preparations based on chlorhexidine, such as Hexicon, Miramistin, Desiskrab and others, can cost significantly more.

It should be noted that the low price makes Chlorhexidine accessible for the treatment of people with any income level.

For some time now, a drug called Chlorhexidine bigluconate has become increasingly popular. What it is? What is it used for? Let's look at what Chlorhexidine bigluconate is.

Instructions for use, comparison with Chlorhexidine, which solution is used for what - all these and other aspects are covered in the article.

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Classmates

Composition and release form

The main component, which contains an aqueous concentrate of 0.05%, is Chlorhexidine bigluconate. This substance is transparent and does not require dilution. It is placed in bottles with a volume of 100 milliliters. Today the product is produced in polymer containers. But there are also glass bottles. It can be water or alcohol based.

Attention! For the throat, mouth or nose, use only Chlorhexidine 0.05% solution. Compositions with a concentration of 0.1% to 0.5% are intended for external treatment of affected skin.

Only a doctor should prescribe Chlorhexidine bigluconate for gargling, for example, or for other purposes. He takes into account the general condition of the patient and his age.

The drug is available in sealed containers and can be stored for two years. In this case, the temperature must be maintained from 1 to 25 degrees.

In addition to the solution, the product is available in the form:

• gel;
• cream;
• patch.

These forms are intended for external use only. The effect depends on the concentration, for example:

• bactericidal at 0.02% solution;
• fungicidal at 0.05% solution.

Chlorhexidine bigluconate: instructions for use

So, the medicine is used for different purposes. Let's take a closer look at which ones.

A concentration of 0.1% and 0.05% is used for infectious diseases, to treat affected areas. It is also effective for the prevention of diseases transmitted through sexual contact. To do this, apply within two hours after the act. It is also used to disinfect the skin, treat purulent wounds, burns, and problem areas on the skin. A 0.1% solution is used to treat the genitals for therapeutic or diagnostic procedures, and to disinfect prostheses.

What is 0.5% Chlorhexidine bigluconate used for? The instructions for use recommend using it to treat open mucous membranes, cracks and severe abrasions.

Medical devices are disinfected with a 1% solution. To do this, the solution is heated to 70 degrees. Then they sterilize the equipment with it, and also disinfect surfaces that are highly not recommended to be subjected to heat treatment. In addition, it is used to wipe the surgeon’s hands and treat burns and wounds before and after surgery.

From a concentration of 5%, solutions of 0.01% - 1% are prepared in water, alcohol and glycerin. Used for patient care in dentistry.

Aqueous solution of Chlorhexidine bigluconate: instructions for use

The water-based preparation is intended for the following processing:

• throat;
• oral cavity;
• genital tract;
• open wounds, purulent;
• burns and other skin lesions.

How is Chlorhexidine bigluconate used? Instructions for use depend on the purpose. For example, with the weakest solution in water without dilution:

• the genitals are treated after intercourse (men inject two to three milliliters into the urethra for two minutes, women are also injected, but in addition, the vagina and genitals are treated with 5 to 10 milliliters; then do not go to the toilet for two to three hours);
• for sanitation, treat the genitals with 5-10 milliliters, leaving the tampon on for two to three minutes;
• for rinsing, use from five to ten milliliters of solution;
• the wound is treated for two to three minutes;
• wipe their hands.

Alcohol solution

To understand how to take Chlorhexidine bigluconate according to the instructions for use, it is important to understand the differences in the base. So, an alcohol-based drug is necessary for the following purposes:

• treatment of areas before surgery;
• rubbing the surgeon's hands;
• washing instruments used during surgery;
• processing of medical devices;
• wiping equipment.

In addition to employees of medical centers, similar hand treatment is also required for workers in public utilities, as well as in restaurants, canteens, cafes and food production. How to use Chlorhexidine bigluconate according to the instructions for use in this case?

1. The surgeon thoroughly washes his hands with soap and water, and, after drying them with a clean napkin, applies 5 milliliters of the product to the skin at least twice, rubbing it in.
2. The donor's elbow or the area undergoing surgery is rubbed twice with sterile swabs, previously generously soaked in the solution.
3. Equipment and tools are first cleaned of dirt and then wiped with a cloth soaked in the preparation.
4. Chlorhexidine alcohol solution should not be applied to wounds.
5. This product is flammable. Therefore, it is kept away from flames or heating devices.

Application

The safest and at the same time cheapest drug is an aqueous solution of Chlorhexidine. Instructions for use depend on the concentration. The most commonly purchased solutions are 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5% and 1%. Then you don’t have to worry that it will harm you.

Being completely safe, the solution is highly effective. For medical purposes, a minimum concentration is used, and a higher concentration is used for processing instruments.

But whatever Chlorhexidine bigluconate is, the instructions for use require caution. It should not come into contact with the eyes or inside the body. In childhood, as well as for women bearing a child and during feeding, it is allowed to take only with the permission of a doctor. You cannot treat injuries or serious illnesses on your own. Before using a disinfectant with an aqueous solution of Chlorhexidine bigluconate, the instructions for use must be thoroughly studied.

What is it needed for?

The main purpose of using the drug is antiseptic treatment. It is able to prevent the appearance, stop the reproduction and destroy harmful microorganisms.

Other antiseptics (for example, iodine, ethyl alcohol, brilliant green, and so on) also cope well with all the problems that the drug helps with. However, the product in question, unlike them, is odorless and tasteless.

There are no marks left on the skin, and there is no pain during treatment. At the same time, healing occurs as usual, and scars are not provoked. The product is classified as low-hazard. Chlorhexidine in the form of a solution will be needed in any first aid kit: both at home and on a hike.

For this purpose, a concentration of 0.05% Chlorhexidine bigluconate is purchased. The instructions for use do not require additional dilution. Gargling with it helps get rid of various infections not only in the throat, but also in the oral cavity, including dental diseases. The effect will be felt after the first use, as the pain will go away and the swelling of the mucous membranes will significantly decrease.

Large concentrations cannot be used, as this will cause a burning sensation. But if a product with a concentration of 0.05% accidentally gets inside, then nothing bad will happen. For gargling, it will help with the following diseases:

• alveolitis;

Gargling will help you quickly get rid of the disease and regain health. The infection will not spread further. And in just a few procedures the drug will destroy harmful microorganisms. Therefore, it is often recommended for inflammation of the tonsils.

Instructions for use when gargling with it are as follows.

1. Place one to two tablespoons in your mouth. spoons of solution.
2. Gargle for at least 40 seconds.
3. Swallowing liquid is prohibited.
4. The procedure is repeated three to four times a day.

After rinsing, Chlorhexidine bigluconate 0.05% concentration is effective for 18 hours. This means that during this period the number of harmful microorganisms on the mucous membrane will significantly decrease. It should be borne in mind that the drug cannot be combined with other medications, for example, iodine.

How to rinse your mouth with Chlorhexidine bigluconate? Instructions for use in this case are as follows.

1. First rinse with warm water.
2. After this, take from one to two tbsp. spoons of Chlorhexidine and rinse your mouth with it for half a minute.
3. The rinsing can be repeated again.
4. 2-3 procedures are done per day.
5. To achieve maximum effect, do not eat for two hours and do not brush your teeth for the same amount of time.

If you first brushed your teeth and then decided to rinse your mouth, you should thoroughly rinse off the toothpaste. The fact is that there are pastes that contain substances that act in such a way that they greatly reduce the effect of the procedure.

Difference between Chlorhexidine bigluconate and Chlorhexidine

These two drugs are often compared to each other. Is there a difference between them?

They do not differ in scope. In addition, both drugs have the same effect in terms of duration of action.

Therefore, use for the purposes for which the drug is needed will lead to the same result.

• Excellent disinfectant.
• Due to the identical composition, it acts similarly to Chlorhexidine.

The concept of hydrogen peroxide is known to everyone. The Latin name is almost never used in everyday life. Therefore, many are interested in the question: Is Chlorhexidine bigluconate hydrogen peroxide or not? To answer the question, you need to familiarize yourself with the composition.

Chlorhexidine bigluconate formula: C22H30CL2N10. His lat. name Chlorhexidine bigluconate. The formula of hydrogen peroxide is: H2O2, and lat. name Hydrogen peroxide. Are they identical? Is chlorhexidine bigluconate a peroxide? Hardly. However, it is a fact that they have very similar effects.

Both one and the other drug are antiseptics that are used externally. What is hydrogen peroxide and Chlorhexidine bigluconate used for?

The instructions for use of the latter contain, first of all, recommendations on how to successfully fight infections. The drug has a bactericidal and disinfectant effect and is able to stop the growth of cells of harmful microorganisms.

Hydrogen peroxide is an oxidant, a reactive form of oxygen. H2O2 generates free radicals, acting as an oxidizing agent. In addition, after the reaction, no substances remain except water and oxygen. Thus, purification from pus or blood occurs faster. However, at the same time, the wound healing period increases. The fact is that it has a destructive effect on cells. Therefore, it is only permissible to use it as a treatment once first, to disinfect the area.

Chlorhexidine is a widely used antiseptic intended for local external use.

The drug has an effect on gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, eliminating the development of the inflammatory process in the tissues of the body. It has stable properties. After use, it remains active and provides a bactericidal effect for a long time. This is one of the most common and safest means. The solution is able to stop the activity of many gramplus and gramminus pathogens.

Approved for use during pregnancy, can treat wounds for children, use in gynecology, dentistry for rinsing the mouth and throat, and venereological practice.

Clinical and pharmacological group

Antiseptic.

Terms of sale from pharmacies

Can buy without a doctor's prescription.

Price

How much does Chlorhexidine bigluconate cost in pharmacies? The average price is 20 rubles.

Composition and release form

Name – Chlorhexidine. Available in the form of a solution for external use of 0.05% and 20%. And also in the form of suppositories, gels, sprays and ointments.

• A solution of 0.05% Chlorhexidine is provided in a polymer bottle with a nozzle or glass bottles of 100 ml. The packaging for the drug is cardboard type. This cardboard package contains 1 bottle.

A solution of 20% Chlorhexidine is available in polymer bottles with a cap, containing 100 or 500 ml.

Pharmacological effect

Chlorhexidine bigluconate - this salt is used as an antiseptic - affects microorganisms differently, and this depends on the type of microbes.

1. Mushrooms. The effect of the drug on pathogenic and opportunistic fungi is very similar to the effect on bacteria. By destroying the cell wall, the antiseptic penetrates the cytoplasmic membrane of the fungus and irrevocably destroys the cell.
2. Bacteria. The positively charged Chlorhexidine molecule binds to the bacterial cell wall, which has a negative charge. As a result, destabilization and damage to the cell wall occurs. Interestingly, this process only takes about 20 seconds. However, the role of the antiseptic does not end there. The drug penetrates the cell and attacks the internal cytoplasmic membrane of the bacterium, as a result of which the contents simply flow into the cytoplasm. The cell dies. High concentrations of chlorhexidine digluconate may cause hardening or congealing of the cytoplasm.
3. Biofilm. It is a complex collection of microorganisms growing on hard organic (such as dental plaque) or inorganic surfaces. Biofilms are characterized by structural heterogeneity, genetic diversity, and complex interactions within the conglomerate. The matrix protects the cells within it, which makes biofilm microorganisms particularly resistant to antibacterial drugs. Most antiseptics are unable to act within the complex structure of the biofilm. Chlorhexidine broke out from the orderly row of powerless relatives and proved its exceptional abilities. The drug can prevent the adhesion (sticking) of microorganisms to a solid surface, as a result of which the growth and development of biofilm stops.
4. Other microorganisms. Unlike many antiseptics, Chlorhexidine solution demonstrates high effectiveness against other microbes, for example, bacterial spores and protozoa. It is assumed that it also acts against viruses covered with an additional shell: herpes simplex virus, HIV, cytomegalovirus, influenza virus. Non-enveloped viruses are resistant to Chlorhexidine. These include ARVI pathogens rotavirus, adenovirus and enteroviruses.

Indications for use

Chlorhexidine bigluconate is intended for therapeutic measures in the fight against pathologies caused by pathogens susceptible to its action:

Solution 0.1% (0.05 and 0.2):

• is prescribed for preventive purposes after surgical interventions and for injuries in dentistry and laryngootorhinological organs.
• when disinfecting damaged mucous membranes of the mouth and genitals.
• treatment of integuments to prevent infection after manipulations in surgical, obstetric and gynecological practice.
• as an antiseptic for wound areas, scratches, abrasions, cuts and burns.
• to protect against viruses penetrating through the urethrogenital system.
• for gargling.

Solution 0.5%:

• for processing surfaces, devices and instruments for medical purposes in a state heated to 75 0 C.

1% solution:

• preventive measures for burn injuries of the epidermis.
• for disinfecting and cleaning the hands of doctors and staff before surgery.

There is also a solution with a concentration of 5 and 20% for preparing a composition using alcohol, glycerin or water.

Contraindications

Chlorhexidine 0.05% should not be used:

• for the treatment of patients with dermatitis;
• for disinfection after operations on the central nervous system and auditory canal;
• for the treatment of ophthalmological diseases;
• simultaneously with other antiseptics.

The drug is used with caution in children.

Prescription during pregnancy and lactation

The drug Chlorhexidine, if necessary, can be used to treat pregnant women. During the clinical trials, no teratogenic or embryotoxic effect of the drug on the child’s body was revealed, even if the solution was used in the first weeks of pregnancy.

Chlorhexidine solution can be used by pregnant women immediately 1-2 weeks before birth to sanitize the birth canal and treat colpitis, vaginitis, and thrush.

The drug Chlorhexidine biglukont can be used externally and topically for nursing mothers. To do this, it is not necessary to interrupt lactation.

Dosage and method of administration

As indicated in the instructions for use, Chlorhexidine bigluconate solution is used externally, topically.

Solution for local and external use 0.2%, solution for external use 0.05%

Apply 5-10 ml of the drug to the affected surface of the skin or mucous membranes of the oral cavity, genitourinary organs by irrigation or with a tampon and leave for 1-3 minutes. Frequency of application – 2–3 times a day.

To prevent sexually transmitted diseases, the contents of the bottle are injected into the vagina for women (5-10 ml) or into the urethra for men (2-3 ml), women (1-2 ml) for 2-3 minutes. It is recommended not to urinate for 2 hours after the procedure. The drug should also be used to treat the skin of the genitals, pubis, and inner thighs.

Solution for local and external use 0.5%

5–10 ml of the drug in the form of rinses, applications or irrigations are applied to the affected surface of the skin or mucous membranes and left for 1–3 minutes. Frequency of application – 2–3 times a day.

Medical equipment and work surfaces are treated with a clean sponge moistened with a solution or by soaking.

Solution for local and external use 1%

The skin of postoperative wounds is treated with a solution using a clean swab.

Before treating with the drug, the surgeon’s hands are thoroughly washed with soap and dried, after which they are washed with 20–30 ml of solution. Postoperative wounds are treated with a clean swab.

Working surfaces and medical instruments are treated with a clean sponge moistened with a solution or by soaking.

Solution for local and external use 5%

Dilution of the concentrate is carried out based on the calculation of the concentration of the prepared solution.

Adverse reactions

When using Chlorhexidine Bigluconate during treatment, the following side effects were observed in some patients:

• dry skin;
• itchy skin;
• the appearance of a rash;
• dermatitis;
• photosensitivity.

With prolonged use of mouth rinsing and irrigation, taste sensations may change, tartar may appear, and teeth will discolor.

Overdose

If the instructions are followed, an overdose of chlorhexidine is excluded. If a person accidentally swallows the drug, the stomach should be rinsed immediately using milk, raw egg, gelatin or soap.

special instructions

Remains active in the presence of blood and organic substances. Do not allow chlorhexidine to get into the eyes (with the exception of a special dosage form intended for washing the eyes), as well as contact with the meninges and the auditory nerve.

Compatibility with other drugs

When using the drug, it is necessary to take into account interactions with other medications:

1. Ethyl alcohol enhances the bactericidal effect.
2. Does not combine with anionic compounds, in particular soap.
3. Not compatible with chlorides, carbonates, phosphates, sulfates, borates, citrates.
4. Under the influence of the drug, the sensitivity of microorganisms to the influence of neomycin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, and cephalosporin increases.
5. If the pH of the medium exceeds 8, a precipitate forms. If hard water was used when preparing the solution, its bactericidal effect is reduced.

Average online price*, 15 rub.

For urethritis, urethroprostatitis and other inflammatory processes in the urinary tract, 2-3 ml of chlorhexidine bigluconate 0.05% is injected into the urinary canal 1-2 times a day. The drug is used for 10 days every other day.

It is possible to rinse the throat and mouth.

To prevent infection after dental operations and operations on the ENT organs, a 0.05% chlorhexidine solution is used for rinsing and irrigation 2-3 times a day.

To treat damaged areas of the skin, including wounds and burns, the drug is used for irrigation and application 2-3 times a day. Applications are applied for 1-2 minutes.

To dilute 20% chlorhexidine digluconate to a concentration of 0.05%, take 2.5 ml of concentrated solution and add distilled or sterile water for injection to the 1 liter mark.

Self-preparation of the solution is possible only under aseptic conditions. Aqueous solutions must be sterilized for half an hour at a temperature of 116 degrees. Sterilization using ionizing radiation is prohibited.

Contraindications

Chlorhexidine 0.05% should not be used:

• for the treatment of patients with dermatitis;
• for disinfection after operations on the central nervous system and auditory canal;
• for the treatment of ophthalmological diseases;
• simultaneously with other antiseptics.

The drug is used with caution in children.

Pregnancy and lactation

Chlorhexidine bigluconate can be prescribed to pregnant and breastfeeding women. It has been established that the drug does not affect the health of the unborn child. However, to eliminate all risks, only short-term use of an antiseptic solution is allowed during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Overdose

If the instructions are followed, an overdose of chlorhexidine is excluded. If a person accidentally swallows the drug, the stomach should be rinsed immediately using milk, raw egg, gelatin or soap.

Side effects

Sometimes, as a result of the use of chlorhexidine digluconate 0.05%, patients develop the following side effects on the skin:

• skin itching;
• rash;
• dermatitis;
• dry skin.

With prolonged rinsing and irrigation of the oral cavity with chlorhexidine, the following are possible:

• discoloration of tooth enamel;
• taste disorder;
• the appearance of tartar.

There is no specific antidote for chlorhexidine. If side effects occur, symptomatic treatment is carried out.

Composition and pharmacokinetics

1 liter of drug solution at a concentration of 0.05% contains 0.5 mg of chlorhexidine bigluconate and up to 1000 ml of distilled or sterile water for injection.

The drug is practically not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. If 300 mg of chlorhexidine is accidentally ingested, the peak concentration of the substance in the blood plasma is reached in half an hour, it is 0.206 μg/l. Up to 90% of the drug is excreted by the intestines along with feces, less than 1% is excreted by the kidneys through urine.

Interaction with other substances

Chlorhexidine bigluconate is used in a neutral environment. At pH above 8 it forms a precipitate. In hard water, the bactericidal effect is reduced.

The drug is pharmaceutically incompatible with alkalis, soap, as well as colloids, gum arabic, carboxymethylcellulose and other anionic compounds. Concomitant use with iodine is not recommended.

Chlorhexidine solution is compatible with drugs from the group of cations - bromide, benzalkonium chloride.

Under the influence of ethyl alcohol, the effectiveness of the drug increases.

special instructions

In case of open head injuries, spinal cord injuries and perforation of the eardrum, chlorhexidine should not be allowed to enter the surface of the brain and its membranes, as well as into the inner ear.

If the drug comes into contact with the mucous membranes of the eyes, they should be rinsed thoroughly with clean water.

The higher the temperature, the more intense the effect of the drug becomes. However, at +100 degrees its partial decomposition occurs.

If the drug gets on the fabric, brown spots may appear on it during bleaching.

Other

The shelf life of the drug in original packaging is 2 years. The solution prepared by yourself is good for 1 week.

The drug should be stored at a temperature from +1 to +25 degrees, protecting it from contact with direct rays of the sun.

Dispensed from pharmacies without a prescription.

INSTRUCTIONS

ON THE MEDICAL USE OF THE DRUG

CHLORHEXIDINE BIGLUCONATE
CHLORHEXIDINE BIGLUCONATE

Tradename:

CHLORHEXIDINE BIGLUCONATE
(CHLORHEXIDINE BIGLUCONATE)

International Nonproprietary Name (INN):

CHLORHEXIDINE

Dosage form:

solution 20%

Compound

Active substance:
Chlorhexidine bigluconate 20 g

Excipients:
Water up to 100 ml

Description

Colorless or light yellow transparent liquid

Pharmacotherapeutic group

Antiseptic and disinfectant.

ATX code: D08AC02

pharmachologic effect

Pharmacodynamics

Antiseptic and disinfectant. Depending on the concentration used, it exhibits both bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects. The bacteriological effect of both aqueous and alcoholic working solutions) manifests itself in a concentration of 0.01% or less; bactericidal - in a concentration of more than 0.01% at a temperature of 22°C and exposure for 1 minute. Fungicidal effect - at a concentration of 0.05%, at a temperature of 22°C and exposure for 10 minutes. Virucidal effect - manifests itself at a concentration of 0.01-1%.

Effective against pathogens of sexually transmitted infections - gardnerella, genital herpes; gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria - Treponema spp., Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas spp., Chlamidia spp., Ureaplasma spp.

Does not affect acid-resistant forms of bacteria, microbial spores, fungi.

It is stable, after treatment of the skin (hands, surgical field) it remains on it in a certain amount sufficient to exhibit a bactericidal effect. Retains activity (albeit somewhat reduced) in the presence of blood, pus, various secretions and organic substances.

It extremely rarely causes allergic reactions, irritation of skin and tissues, and does not have a damaging effect on objects made of glass, plastic and metals.

Pharmacokinetics

Practically not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. After accidental ingestion of 300 mg, Cmax is reached after 30 minutes and is 0.206 µg/l.

It is excreted mainly in feces (90%), less than 1% is excreted by the kidneys.

Indications for use

As a preventive and therapeutic agent for various infections, for antiseptic treatment and disinfection.

-0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2% aqueous solutions:

• Postoperative care for patients in ENT and dentistry departments

-0.05% and 0.2% solutions:

• Purulent wounds, infected burns, bacterial and fungal diseases of the skin and mucous membranes in dentistry (rinsing and irrigation - gingivitis, stomatitis, aphthae, periodontitis, alveolitis);
• Prevention of infections in surgery, urology, obstetrics and gynecology;
• Prevention of sexually transmitted infections (chlamydia, ureplasmosis, trichomoniasis, gonorrhea, syphilis, genital herpes - use no later than 2 hours after sexual intercourse); disinfection of skin (abrasions, cracks).

-0.2% solution:

• Treatment and sanitation of the genital tract in gynecology during therapeutic and diagnostic procedures;
• Disinfection of removable dentures.

-0.5% solution:

• Treatment of wounds and burn surfaces; treatment of infected abrasions and cracks of the skin, open mucous membranes.
• Sterilization of medical instruments at a temperature of 70°C.

-1% solution:

• Disinfection of thermometers, working surfaces of medical equipment and devices, the heat treatment of which is undesirable;
• Treatment of the surgical field and the surgeon's hands before surgery, disinfection of the skin, treatment of postoperative and burn wounds.

-5% concentrate:

• Preparation of aqueous, glycerin and alcohol solutions with concentrations from 0.01 to 1%.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to the components of the drug, dermatitis.
With caution - children's age (under 18 years)

Directions for use and doses

Chlorhexidine is used as a prophylactic and therapeutic agent externally and locally, as well as for disinfection.

0.05%, 0.02% and 0.5% aqueous solutions are used in the form of irrigation, rinsing and applications (5-10 ml are applied to the affected surface of the skin or mucous membranes):

• To treat the surgical field, dilute a 20% solution with 70% ethyl with an exposure of 1-3 minutes, 2-3 times a day (on a tampon or by irrigation).
• alcohol in a ratio of 1:40. The resulting 0.5% aqueous-alcohol solution of chlorhexidine is treated with the surgical field 2 times with an interval of 2 minutes.
• For postoperative care of patients in the departments of ENT and dentistry, a solution (0.05% and 0.1%) for rinsing is usually prescribed 2-3 times a day.
• Complex treatment of urethritis and urethroprostatitis is carried out by injecting 2-3 ml of a 0.05% solution of chlorhexidine bigluconate into the urethra 1-2 times a day, the course of treatment is 10 days, procedures are prescribed every other day.
• To wash the bladder during cystoscopy, use a 0.02% sterile aqueous solution.
• For the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases, chlorhexidine bigluconate is effective if it is used no later than 2 hours after sexual intercourse.

A diluted 0.05% solution is injected into the urethra for men (2-3 ml), women (1-2 ml) and into the vagina (5-10 ml) for 2-3 minutes. It is also necessary to treat the skin of the inner thighs, pubis, and genitals. After the procedure, do not urinate for 2 hours.

For disinfection:

Treatment of medical instruments and working surfaces is carried out with a clean sponge moistened with an antiseptic solution, or by soaking. To quickly sterilize instruments, use the same 0.5% solution for 5 minutes.

A 0.1% aqueous solution of chlorhexidine can also be used to disinfect premises, sanitary equipment, etc.

Overdose

In case of accidental ingestion, it is practically not absorbed (gastric lavage should be done using milk, raw egg, gelatin or mild soap). If necessary, symptomatic therapy is carried out.

Side effect

In rare cases, allergic reactions (skin rash), dry skin, itching, dermatitis, stickiness of the skin of the hands (within 3-5 minutes), photosensitivity may occur.

Discoloration of teeth, tartar deposits and taste disturbances with long-term use for oral antiseptics.

Interaction with other drugs

Used in a neutral environment; at pH 5-8 the difference in activity is small; at pH more than 8, a precipitate forms. The use of hard water somewhat reduces the bactericidal properties.

Chlorhexidine bigluconate is a cationic substance and does not combine with soap and other anionic compounds such as colloids, gum arabic, carboxymethylcellulose.

At a concentration of 1:2000, it is incompatible with borates, carbonates, chlorides, citrates, phosphates, sulfates, creating poorly soluble sediments after 24 hours.

Compatible with drugs containing a cationic group (benzalkonium chloride, centrimonium bromide).

Increases the sensitivity of bacteria to chloramphenicol, kanamycin, neomycin, cephalosporins.

Ethanol enhances the effectiveness of the drug.

special instructions

In patients with open traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injuries, or perforation of the eardrum, contact of the drug on the surface of the brain, meninges, and the tympanic cavity should be avoided.

In case of contact with the mucous membranes of the eyes, they should be quickly and thoroughly rinsed with water.

Do not mix chlorhexidine with other disinfectants and detergents. Contact with hypochlorine bleaches on fabrics that have previously been in contact with chlorhexidine-containing products may cause brown stains.

Do not expose clothing that has been in contact with chlorhexidine to hypochlorites and other compounds that release active chlorine.

Do not dilute with hard water. Aqueous solutions can be sterilized in an autoclave at 116°C for 30 minutes. Do not sterilize using ionizing radiation.

Release form

Solution 20%.
500 ml bottles made of dyed polypropylene with a cap.
For pharmacies - 1 bottle with instructions in a cardboard box.
For hospitals - 16 bottles per box with instructions.

Storage conditions:

At temperatures from 1°C to 25°C.
Protect from light.
Keep out of the reach of children.

Best before date

3 years.
Diluted solutions should be stored for no more than a week.
Do not use after expiration date.

Vacation conditions

Over the counter.

Manufacturer: