Bacteria klebsiella oxytoca. Klebsiella oxytoca: causes, symptoms, treatment. How and where to find

The intestinal microflora consists of entire colonies of microorganisms and bacteria, among which Klebsiella can be distinguished. Klebsiella is a rod-shaped bacillus, which is covered with a dense shell that protects it from temperature changes, water, and other irritants. In small quantities, the bacterium does not cause harm to health, but if its number exceeds the normal limit, a person develops a number of diseases.

Klebsiella is expressed in 7 types of disease; it can affect the intestines, digestive organs, upper respiratory tract, genitourinary system, etc. The bacillus can be detected on human skin, in his urine and feces, as well as on the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract.

Klebsiella in an adult: symptoms and signs

To establish a diagnosis, tests are carried out, as a result of which Klebsiella is most often detected in the stool of an adult.

But in addition to diagnosis, the presence of a disease such as klebsbiellosis can be predicted by the first signs and symptoms.

In addition, the incubation period of such a disease lasts only 1-2 days, after which signs of Klebsiella in adults appear:

A characteristic feature of the clinical picture of klebsiellosis is its intensive progression. The patient's loose stool acquires a fetid odor, and admixtures of mucus and blood can be observed in it, which means we are talking about Klebsiella in the intestines and symptoms in adults.

If we are talking about bacilli getting into the lungs, the diagnosis will sound different - Klebsiella pneumonia in an adult. The symptoms of this disease are different:

high body temperature for 10 days;
dyspnea;
prostration;
pain in the chest area;
cough;

When a person coughs, sputum may fly out, which is characterized by the smell of burnt meat and an admixture of blood, and refusal of treatment will lead to toxic shock, pneumonia, meningitis, pleurisy, or lung abscess.

If microbes of the genus Klebsiella in adults are in the organs of the genitourinary system, the clinical picture will suggest other signs:

heat;
nausea;
prostration;
pain in the lower back and lower abdomen.

In this case, tests will show Klebsiella in the urine. Refusal of treatment greetings to pyelonephritis.

How and where to find

To make the decision to visit a doctor, a person must be able to recognize the symptoms of Klebsiella bacteria in adults. After which an accurate diagnosis can only be made through an examination. Bacilli can be found anywhere, it all depends on what type of klebsiellosis the doctor suggests:

In general, Klebsiella bacteria can be detected in adults and children not only in feces and blood, but also on the skin and mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract.

During the diagnostic process, the doctor determines how much the number of bacteria exceeds the norm, and also conducts tests to determine the reaction of the bacteria to antibiotic drugs.

Klebsiella: treatment in adults

To determine the type of Klebsiella and how to treat such a disease in adults, the doctor relies on examination data, the severity of the disease, the clinical picture and the individual characteristics of the patient’s body.

If we are talking about minor damage to the intestines and gastrointestinal tract with mild symptoms, treatment is carried out at home. A slight excess of the bacillus in the urine and feces is treated by taking probiotics, as well as a bacteriophage preparation.

The severe stage of the disease is treated in hospitalization and hospital settings. Only under the supervision of a doctor can the patient relieve high fever, symptoms of intoxication and alleviate the condition.

Using tests, the doctor will determine the reaction of the bacillus to the antibiotic, after which drugs will be prescribed, such as Tetracycline, Aminoglycoside or semi-synthetic Penicillin. An infectious disease can be alleviated using pathogenetic therapy.

“This is incredible!”

The final stage of treatment for klebsiellosis is the normalization of intestinal microflora by taking probiotics, enzymes, as well as strengthening the immune system by taking multivitamins.

Diet for Klebsiella in adults

Diet plays an important role in the treatment of the disease, thanks to which it is possible to establish the intestinal microflora and thereby expel the bacilli from the body.

To restore the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, you should adhere to the following rules:

The doctor himself can make some amendments, based on the specific case of the disease.

Unconventional treatment

Folk remedies can also solve the problem of klebsbiellosis if you combine unconventional methods with the instructions of a doctor.

To treat the disease, it is useful to add cranberries and apples to the diet; they can be consumed as much as possible and in any form. There are a number of medicinal herbs that are appropriate in this case - yarrow, aspen bark, pine and birch buds. Infusions and decoctions are prepared from these herbs.

Therefore, many doctors strongly advise taking a course of phytoncidal herbs before treatment with antibiotics. But under no circumstances should you engage in self-treatment.

Klebsiella is an opportunistic microorganism that provokes the appearance of various types of infectious diseases, as well as severe septic symptoms. How severe the consequences of having Klebsiella in the body will depend on the immunity of a particular person.

Klebsiella in an adult: symptoms and signs

Once infected, the incubation period will be very short. The duration can vary from several hours to two days.

Symptoms of Klebsiella in the intestines

If the source of infection is localized in the intestine, adult patients begin to develop diseases such as enteritis and enterocolitis. Symptoms of intestinal enterocolitis and treatment in adults can be found here.

The symptoms of Klebsiella in an adult are quite severe:

body temperature increases greatly;
severe stool disturbance begins;
pain similar to contractions occurs in the abdominal cavity.

Signs of the presence of Klebsiella gradually appear more and more clearly. The smell of multiple stools worsens, and there are traces of mucus and blood in the stool.

If there is Klebsiella in the patient's intestines, it produces endotoxin, the formation of which occurs as a result of the destruction of the microbe. It is precisely this mechanism that is the reason for the appearance of an infectious-toxic form of reaction in humans.

In addition to endotoxin, Klebsiella can produce two other types of toxins:

The first, enterotoxin, provokes damage to the intestinal mucosa, the first sign of which is severe dilution of the stool.
The second, membrane toxin, has greater hemolytic activity, that is, it directly harms intestinal cells.

Symptoms of Klebsiella in the genitourinary system

This infection can cause severe damage to the genitourinary system and kidneys.

In this situation, the following signs of Klebsiella in the urine of adults will be obvious:

strong increase in temperature;
fatigue;
nausea;
severe pain in the lumbar and back areas.

As a rule, this bacterium causes kidney inflammation. When culture is carried out in urine, a large number of Klebsiella is found, entering the urine from organs affected by infection.

Klebsiella present in the urine is a sign that it is necessary to immediately begin appropriate treatment.

How and where can it be found?

Accurate diagnosis is possible only after visiting a qualified doctor who will prescribe an appropriate examination. The bacterium can be found anywhere; its identification is influenced by what type of Klebsiella is present in the body, which is assumed by the specialist.

Klebsiella pneumonia

Klebsiella pneumonia can be detected:

in the stool of an adult patient;
in sputum;
in other secretions found when coughing.

As an additional measure, the specialist may refer the patient for blood, stool and urine tests. It happens that Klebsiella pneumonia can settle in the intestines of an adult, which is why stool testing is required.

Klebsiella oxytoca in an adult patient

The presence of Klebsiella is examined and detected:

in the stool of an adult;
in a sample of what is in the intestines;
in the blood - the presence of antibodies and leukocytes in it;
in urine.

In general, it is possible to find the bacterium in adult and minor patients not only in the blood, feces and urine, but also on the skin, mucous membranes, and so on.

Carrying out diagnostic measures, the doctor determines to what extent the volume of bacteria exceeds the norm, and also takes a sample for the reaction of Klebsiella to antibacterial drugs.

Causes of infection

The source of infection is a person who already has Klebsiella in his body.

Causes of Klebsiella in the urine of adults, as well as the presence of bacteria in stool:

failure to comply with basic hygiene rules;
eating unwashed or insufficiently clean fruits and vegetables;
unwashed hands.

Bacterial transmission factors are most often food:

fruits;
milk products;
vegetables;
meat;
and so on.

If a patient has pneumonia, people around can become infected through airborne droplets.

Experts believe that sensitivity to bacteria is general, but some of them define a specific risk category, which includes:

patients undergoing a recovery period after surgery involving organ or tissue transplantation;
patients who have been diagnosed with tumor diseases, blood pathologies or diabetes mellitus;
people who abuse alcohol;
elderly people with immunodeficiency;
newborns and infants.

Klebsiella: treatment in adults

Depending on how severe the symptoms of the disease are, the treating specialist prescribes different methods of treating the infection.

For mild damage to the gastrointestinal tract

In this case, the symptoms are usually not so obvious, because the concentration of bacteria in the urine is quite small.

Therapy:

can be done at home.
a complex of medications is prescribed, which includes probiotics and bacteriophages.

In case of severe disease

In this situation, the patient must be hospitalized as soon as possible.

Actions of specialists:

In the first few days, until normal body temperature is restored, strict bed rest should be observed.
Give the patient plenty of fluids to reduce intoxication.
In order for the treatment to be truly competent, as well as to prevent the emergence of strains of infection that are resistant to antibacterial agents, the specialist must refer the patient for testing in the laboratory. It is possible to determine the presence of infection in urine using three types of laboratory tests.

Antibacterial treatment

Drugs of this class have already proven highly effective in treating infections caused by the activity of this bacterium. However, if we take into account the resistance of this microorganism to antibacterial drugs, treatment may not always be successful.

Treat urinary tract infections only as recommended by a specialist. He will prescribe an individual complex.

Most often, this infection can be cured using the following groups of antibacterial drugs:

tetracyclines;
early generation cephalosporins;
third generation aminoglycosides;
semisynthetic penicillin.

The sensitivity of some strains to antibacterial agents is determined using laboratory techniques. In combination, the doctor may prescribe antimicrobial agents.

Using Probiotics

Drugs in this category are prescribed in order to restore normal microflora, which has been damaged due to the activity of the bacterium and the use of antibacterial drugs to destroy it.

This includes the following drugs:

Ecoflor;
Enterol;
Bifidum;
Trilact.

Diet for Klebsiella in adult patients

When treating an infection, it is also important to follow a diet that will help normalize the intestinal microflora, and therefore eliminate bacteria from the body.

In order for the activity of the stomach and intestines to be restored, the following conditions must be met:

do not eat salted, fried, smoked and fatty foods, and also do not eat any marinades;
It is forbidden to drink water while eating food, or immediately afterward;
It is necessary to use rosehip decoction, tea or jelly very often. However, this should be done strictly thirty minutes before a meal and two hours after it;
stop eating sweets, pastry and baked goods. You can only eat bran bread or stale bread;
the menu should include a large amount of protein foods - fermented milk, eggs, boiled and stewed fish, meat;
Frequent consumption of stewed vegetables and sprouted wheat sprouts is beneficial;
Meals should be taken in small portions five to six times a day.

A specialist can adjust the proposed diet based on the individual case of the disease.

ethnoscience

An infectious disease can also be cured using some methods of alternative medicine.

Folk remedies can really help quite effectively in the fight against bacteria:

eating cranberries, as well as apples, raw or otherwise prepared;
infusions of aspen bark, yarrow, birch and pine buds.

In order to completely eliminate pathogenic microorganisms from the patient’s intestines, alternative medicine recommends:

use chamomile infusions;
decoctions of plantain leaves.

We must not forget that normal microflora will not be able to actively develop if the intestines are clogged with pathogenic microorganisms. For this reason, before taking probiotics, you should take a course of herbal infusions that have a phytoncidal effect.

Prevention

Klebsiella cannot yet be defeated with any vaccine.

That is why the main methods for getting rid of it are:

strengthening the immune system;
maintaining basic hygiene;
proper elimination of infections and chronic diseases.

Unfortunately, the human body is not able to develop immunity to this disease, so relapses may occur in the future.

The microflora of the gastrointestinal tract consists of a variety of bacteria and microorganisms, which include opportunistic ones, for example, Klebsiella oxytoca and pneumonia. In moderate quantities, it is necessary for the full functioning of the digestive system, but sometimes, when exposed to certain factors, the number of bacteria increases, causing pathological processes. Klebsiella in feces is most often found in quantities exceeding the norm in cases of disorders of the gastrointestinal tract.

general characteristics

The bacterium klebsiella belongs to the Enterobacteriaceae family; it looks like a rod, covered with a strong shell that protects it from external negative influences. This is an anaerobic microorganism that can carry out its life activities without oxygen. Only high temperatures have a detrimental effect on Klebsiella - it dies at 60 degrees Celsius. Klebsiella is conventionally divided into 7 subspecies, but pathological processes in the human body most often cause only 2 - pneumonia and oxytoca.

Klebsiella pneumonia in the stool of an adult in excessive quantities is most often found in cases of dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract, and less often in cases of pneumonia.

Infection scheme

You can become infected with a pathogenic bacillus through the fecal-oral route, through direct contact with an infected person and by consuming unwashed vegetables and fruits. Klebsiella pneumonitis in feces can appear due to poor hygiene, when you do not wash your hands before eating food, or due to the use of spoiled dairy products.

Often the cause of the pathology of Klebsiella in the body and the increased level of these bacteria in the feces is considered to be a sharp decrease in immunity, especially with long-term use of antibiotics, when the intestinal microflora is disturbed.

Main symptoms

After harmful Klebsiella enters the body or is pathologized in the intestines, an incubation period begins, which can last from several hours to 2-3 days, depending on the intensity of infection. As a rule, symptoms begin abruptly and are of high intensity. If the pathological process develops in the gastrointestinal tract, the analysis reveals Klebsiella in the stool, with the following signs of infection predominating:

heartburn;
nausea;
vomit;
sharp abdominal pain;
sudden changes in temperature;
diarrhea;
stool liquefaction;
bloody spots and mucus in the stool;
bad feeling.

If the respiratory organs are affected, the following symptoms occur:

increased sweating;
fever;
general weakness;
heat;
cough (immediately dry, then sputum with bloody impurities begins to separate);
weak breathing;
wheezing in the chest;
The X-ray image clearly shows the merging of infiltration foci.

If a pathogenic process develops in the genitourinary system, characteristic symptoms will be:

increased excitability;
irritability;
lower back pain;
cystitis;
pain when urinating;
false urge to go to the toilet;
frequent urination in small portions.

You should know that if Klebsiella is found in the stool, but there are no signs of a pathological process, you should not start treatment with medications. It is recommended to pay attention to the state of the immune system and undergo a course of vitamin therapy.

Complications

The most dangerous thing for human health is the detection of Klebsiella pneumonia in the stool, which, when accompanied by sepsis damage to organs, can lead to death if treatment is not started in a timely manner. With Klebsiella, complications such as extensive intoxication of the body and hemorrhagic syndrome may occur, and if Klebsiella enters the brain, dangerous edema may develop, and the mucous membrane of the eyelids and cerebral cortex may also be affected.

If Klebsiella has penetrated the genitourinary system, it can lead to prostatitis, acute pyelonephritis and kidney failure.

How to detect bacteria

As a rule, Klebsiella is detected in stool cultures. The diagnosis of Klebsiella is made only if the number of rods exceeds the norm, for example, for Klebsiella pneumonia the norm in stool is up to 105 cells per 1 gram of biomaterial. Not only feces, but also sputum, urine, cerebrospinal fluid and other fluids are examined for the presence of Klebsiella, depending on the symptoms of the disease. Additionally, serological tests, a complete blood test or a coprogram may be prescribed. When performing stool tests, staphylococcus is often detected along with Klebsiella.

Treatment of Klebsiella in stool

If Klebsiella pneumonia is detected in the stool, the disease can only be cured with the help of medications; traditional methods are unable to stop the pathological process and act only as aids. Treatment of Klebsiella in feces should be carried out exclusively by a doctor, since self-medication can lead to serious consequences and even death. If the disease is mild, the following probiotic drugs are used:

"Hilak Forte";
"Bifiform";
"Bifidumbacterin";
"Linex".

With their help, the intestinal microflora is restored, which is enough for recovery in case of mild damage. If treatment was not started on time, and concomitant complications appeared or the course of the pathology was severe, the patient must be urgently hospitalized and treated under the supervision of qualified health workers. In the first days of treatment, medications that have an antipyretic effect are prescribed, as well as adsorbents along with plenty of fluids to remove toxic substances from the body.

When negative symptoms decrease, antibacterial therapy and immunomodulators are additionally prescribed. When the patient recovers, it is mandatory to undergo a rehabilitation course to restore the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract. To do this, you can use vitamin therapy, probiotic preparations and various decoctions and infusions of medicinal herbs.

During treatment, the patient must adhere to a diet for mechanical and chemical unloading of the intestines: do not eat salty, fatty and smoked foods, reduce the consumption of salt and pepper. It is recommended to drink a lot of rosehip tea half an hour before meals, but you should not drink liquid immediately after meals. Bread may only be eaten from bran; during treatment you will have to give up baked goods and sweet pastries. Meals are divided into small portions, usually 4-6 per day.

After getting rid of Klebsiella in the stool, it is useful to strengthen the immune system - engage in therapeutic physical exercises, hardening and undergo a course of restorative massage.

How to avoid infection

In order not to provoke pathological reproduction of Klebsiella and not to become infected with a pathogenic form of the bacterium from the outside, you should constantly monitor the state of the immune system: eat right, adhere to a daily routine and exercise. Vegetables and fruits must be thoroughly washed before consumption, and only fresh and high-quality dairy products should be eaten. After visiting the toilet, public places and before eating, you should wash your hands with soap and regularly maintain personal hygiene.

Intestinal infections - School of Dr. Komarovsky: Video

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Healthy microflora in the intestines consists of millions of microorganisms. They line the intestinal walls and form a mucous surface that protects the body from invading harmful bacteria. In addition, they are responsible for the digestive process and cleansing the body of toxins.

Why is Klebsiella dangerous?
Who is susceptible to infection?
Ways of transmission of the disease
Carrying out diagnostics
Symptoms of the lesion
Treatment methods
Rehabilitation
Unconventional methods of treatment

Klebsiella can be considered among such opportunistic microorganisms.

What is Klebsiella?

These are immobile rod-shaped bacteria covered with a dense membrane. They are quite resistant to ultraviolet radiation, temperature changes, and disinfectants, so they can remain in dust, soil, water, and food for a long time. Klebsiella is found on human skin, the mucous membrane of the respiratory system, in urine and feces.

Why is Klebsiella dangerous?

When immunity decreases, rapid proliferation of bacteria begins, which leads to damage:

respiratory tract - pneumonia;
gastrointestinal tract - enterocolitis, enteritis, gastritis;
urinary and reproductive systems - cystitis, pyelonephritis, prostatitis.

Also, foci of infection may be located in other organs. For example, joints or the cerebral cortex can be treated. The insidiousness of the disease lies in the fact that it is the culprit of sepsis, and can cause death.

Who is susceptible to infection?

The following are at particular risk of infection:

newborns and infants;
elderly people;
patients suffering from chronic diseases and alcoholism.

Recently, cases of klebsiellosis have become more frequent. This is due to the fact that the resistance of immunity to bacteria has sharply decreased due to the frequent use of antibiotics, which disrupts the normal balance of microorganisms.

Ways of transmission of the disease

The disease is transmitted in three ways:

Fecal-oral. Spread in medical institutions occurs through contact with equipment, the hands of medical staff, or a sick person;
Contact and household;
Pishchev.

Infection occurs through poorly washed or processed food. For example, fruits, milk, meat.

Carrying out diagnostics

If Klebsiella infection is suspected, laboratory tests are carried out to identify bacteria in feces, urine, sputum, and blood. When conducting tests, the number of pathogenic microorganisms in the material for analysis (urine, feces, mucus) is determined, as well as their susceptibility to antibiotics. In addition, a general blood test is taken.

Symptoms of the lesion

When infected with Klebsiella, the incubation period is very short. Its duration can vary from a few hours to two days.

When the source of infection is localized in the intestines, adult patients develop diseases such as enteritis and enterocolitis. The disease manifests itself acutely:

Body temperature increases significantly (up to 40 °C);
stool disorder occurs;
cramping pain appears in the abdominal cavity.

Klebsiella symptoms progress rapidly. In this case, repeated stools acquire a fetid stench, and traces of mucus and blood are present in the stool.

If Klebsiella penetrates the lungs, the body temperature also rises sharply and can last for 10 days. Patients complain of:

weakness;
shortness of breath;
cough;
chest pain.

The sputum that is released with coughing attacks contains traces of blood and smells of burnt meat. If you start treating the disease late, it will be aggravated by infectious-toxic shock, pulmonary abscess, pleurisy or meningitis.

Attention! Klebsiellosis is very dangerous for pregnant women, because it can cause early termination of pregnancy.

The infection can affect the urinary system and kidneys. In this case, the symptoms of the disease will be:

very high temperature;
weakness;
nausea;
pain in the lower back and abdomen.

In most cases, the bacterium provokes pyelonephritis. When culture is carried out, a fairly large amount of Klebsiella is found in the urine, which gets there from infected organs.

If Klebsiella is present in the urine, this is a signal to immediately begin to treat the infection.

Treatment methods

Depending on the severity of symptoms, your doctor will prescribe different treatment options for Klebsiella.

With mild damage to the gastrointestinal tract, when the manifestations are minor and the concentration of microorganisms in the urine is low, therapy is carried out at home. The attending physician will prescribe a complex of drugs, which includes probiotics and bacteriophages.

In case of severe klebsiellosis, the patient must be hospitalized. For the first few days, until body temperature is established, bed rest and drinking plenty of fluids are required to reduce intoxication.

In order to accurately treat the patient and avoid the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria, the doctor must prescribe laboratory tests. Three types of laboratory tests help to reliably determine the presence of Klebsiella in urine.

As a rule, antibacterial therapy in adults is carried out:

tetracyclines:
semisynthetic penicillins;
aminoglycosides.

To alleviate the patient's condition and prevent worsening of the infection, pathogenetic therapy is carried out. Oral use of medications is considered the most acceptable. But, with appropriate indications, intramuscular or intravenous administration is possible.

Rehabilitation

Rehabilitation therapy is carried out to restore normal intestinal flora and improve immunity. It consists in the use of probiotics and tinctures of medicinal herbs.

Additional measures for treatment effectiveness

For successful treatment, it is necessary to follow a diet that helps create favorable conditions for the reproduction of normal intestinal flora and restoration of the functioning of the digestive tract. When following a diet, it is important to follow the following rules:

a complete ban on the consumption of fried, salty, fatty foods, smoked meats and marinades;
Do not drink food during meals or immediately after it;
It is recommended to consume rosehip decoction, tea, jelly 15-20 minutes before meals or 2 hours after;
give up sweets and baked goods. If you are unable to abstain from bread, then eat stale bread or with bran;
be sure to include protein foods in your diet: boiled or stewed fish and meat, fermented milk products, eggs;
stewed vegetables, herbs, sprouted wheat sprouts should certainly appear on your table;
You need to eat fractionally 5-6 times a day, dividing the diet into small portions.

Of course, some adjustments are made to the dietary menu if the patient has a history of chronic diseases and the intensity of the disease.

Unconventional methods of treatment

Klebsiella can be treated using folk remedies. Alternative medicine can be a wonderful help in the fight against infection. Including cranberries and apples in any form in your diet helps. Among the medicinal herbs, we can recommend infusions of aspen bark, yarrow, birch and pine buds.

In order to cleanse the intestines of pathogenic microorganisms, traditional medicine suggests using infusions of chamomile and plantain. It is worth remembering that beneficial microflora will not be able to develop sufficiently if the intestines are polluted with pathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, before taking probiotics, it is worth taking a course of medicinal herbs that have a phytoncidal effect.

Warning: do not self-medicate. All folk remedies can be practiced only after consulting a doctor.

Scientists have not yet developed a vaccine against klebsiella. Therefore, the main preventive measures will be strengthening the immune system, maintaining hygiene, and timely treatment of infectious and chronic diseases. Unfortunately, the body does not develop immunity to this disease, so relapses are quite possible.

Klebsiella is a pathogen that provokes the development of several diseases in the human body and occupies a leading place among opportunistic bacteria. The severity of the disease directly depends on the state of the immune system, which is why it can range from a mild infection to severe sepsis.

There are several ways for a pathological agent to enter the body of a healthy person. The most common mechanisms are foodborne and airborne. In addition, doctors identify several risk groups most susceptible to infection.

The symptomatic picture is dictated by the type of bacterium and the disease it caused. Thus, signs may include fever, wheezing when breathing, nasal congestion, severe cough and nosebleeds.

The presence of Klebsiella in the body can be confirmed using laboratory studies of human biological fluids, sputum and nasal discharge. In addition, a detailed physical examination and instrumental examination of the patient is required.

The main way to treat the disease is to use conservative methods of therapy, namely taking medications.

Etiology

As stated above, Klebsiella is an opportunistic pathogen, which means that the bacterium is part of the normal microflora of the intestines, skin and mucous membranes. However, under the influence of factors favorable to it, it can lead to various diseases.

Klebsiella acts as a small, non-motile gram-negative rod, which can be located singly, in pairs or in chains. In addition, the causative agent of Klebsiella infection has the following characteristics:

small volumes that range from 1 to 6 micrometers;
can reproduce even in the absence of oxygen, and in its presence does not lose viability;
forms a capsule that allows you to maintain resistance to the influence of environmental factors;
is able to increase its number in dairy products in the refrigerator;
preserves vital activity in soil, liquids, dust and food;
dies only during prolonged boiling, as well as against the background of exposure to disinfectants;
is resistant to many antibacterial agents, which complicates the therapy process;
releases endotoxin, which negatively affects the intestinal and lung mucosa. In addition, Klebsiella secretes heat-stable enterotoxin and membranotoxin.

The source of infection is an infected person or an asymptomatic carrier of the infection. The main mechanisms of bacterial penetration are:

failure to comply with personal hygiene rules, namely dirty hands;
eating unwashed fruits and vegetables;
ingestion of contaminated dairy products and meat - this route of transmission occurs due to inadequate heat treatment;
severe coughing or sneezing - only a sick person can infect healthy people through airborne droplets.

In addition, infectious disease specialists identify the following risk groups that are most susceptible to infection and complicated course of the disease:

newborns and infants - the high probability of infection is explained by the failure of the immune system;
elderly people;
people with acquired immunodeficiency conditions;
patients suffering from blood pathologies;
persons who have undergone a donor organ or tissue transplant;
people who are addicted to alcoholic beverages;
patients forced to take antibacterial substances for a long time.

Classification

Currently, several varieties of Klebsiella are known, which lead to the formation of various ailments:

Friendlander's wand- causes development in a child or adult;
Volkovich-Frisch stick- provokes rhinoscleroma;
Abel's wand- is a provocateur of a fetid runny nose or;
Klebsiella panticola- acts as a culprit, less often;
Klebsiella oxytoca- can affect the intestines, organs of the urinary system, eyes and joints, as well as the membranes of the brain.

Symptoms

The incubation period is individual for each person and depends on the resistance of the immune system. It follows that the period from the moment of infection to the appearance of initial manifestations can vary from several days to a week.

Depending on what type of pathological agent has entered the human body, the clinical picture of Klebsiella infection will differ. For example, pneumonia is characterized by an acute onset and the appearance of the following first signs of infection:

fever and chills;
weakness and malaise;
increased sweating;
sore and red throat.

As the disease progresses, the following symptoms will appear:

chest pain when taking a deep breath;
dyspnea;
dry cough, gradually transforming into a wet one - with the release of viscous, purulent and foul-smelling sputum;
wheezing when inhaling and exhaling.

Klebsiella in the nose leads to the development of rhinoscleroma - a disease characterized by inflammatory damage to the mucous layer of the upper respiratory tract, accompanied by the formation of granulomas that contain the pathogen. The disease often has a chronic course.

The nasal cavity serves as the entrance gate, but if left untreated, the pathology involves:

oral cavity and pharynx;
sinuses and larynx;
bronchi and trachea.

The main signs of rhinoscleroma are presented:

nasal congestion;
nosebleeds;
discharge, mucopurulent in nature;
violation of the swallowing process;
deformation of the nasal cavity;
hoarseness of voice;
complete loss of smell;
decreased appetite.

Symptoms of Klebsiella causing ozena:

burning and dryness in the nose;
formation of crusts in the affected area;
decreased or complete absence of sense of smell;
inability to breathe through the nose;
release of foul odor from the nasal cavity;
severe cough accompanied by purulent sputum;
persistent increase in temperature;
nasal hemorrhages;
the appearance of a saddle nose - this sign appears only in severe cases of the pathology.

Damage to the digestive system is expressed in:

and belching;
severe pain in the stomach area;
nausea and vomiting;
aversion to food;
temperature increase;
general weakness;
violation of the act of defecation - feces have a liquid consistency, often with admixtures of blood or mucus.

Klebsiella in the urine has a negative effect on the organs of the genitourinary system, which leads to the appearance of such ailments and their symptoms:

Klebsiella in newborns and infants has its own characteristics and leads to the appearance of the following symptoms:

temperature increase to 38 degrees and above;
moist wheezing during breathing;
weakness and lethargy of infants;
severe cough with mucus and blood;
the appearance of purulent discharge with a foul odor - this sign indicates Klebsiella in the throat;
refusal to eat;
frequent regurgitation;
bloating;
vomiting and diarrhea;
weight loss.

Klebsiella infection in the vast majority of situations lasts up to 12 days.

Diagnostics

Only an infectious disease specialist can confirm the diagnosis and differentiate the pathogen, based on information obtained during laboratory tests. However, before prescribing them, the clinician should:

familiarization with the medical history;
collection and analysis of life history - to determine the route of penetration of Klebsiella in adults and children;
a thorough physical examination, which necessarily includes palpation of the anterior wall of the abdominal cavity and measurement of temperature indicators;
a detailed survey of the patient or his parents (if the patient is a baby) - to compile a complete symptomatic picture and the severity of the pathological process.

Laboratory research is based on the implementation of:

general clinical urine analysis;
general and biochemical blood test;
microscopic examination of feces;
bacterial culture of sputum, mucus secreted from the nose, blood and urine;
bacterioscopy;
serological tests.

In addition, patients need to undergo instrumental examinations, including:

X-ray of the sternum;
Ultrasound of the peritoneum;
CT and MRI.

Treatment

Klebsiella in infants and adults is eliminated using conservative treatment methods, which are based on the use of antibiotics. Depending on the course of the disease, the method of taking them will differ:

Klebsiella in the throat - gargle;
Klebsiella in the nose - the medicine is instilled;
Klebsiella in the intestines - oral administration;
Klebsiella in the vagina or urethra involves local administration of the bacteriophage.

In addition, drug therapy is also aimed at using:

antipyretics;
detoxification and antiemetic substances;
anti-inflammatory drugs - indicated for the treatment of Klebsiella pneumonia in infants, older children and adults;
antihistamines;
immunomodulators and vitamin complexes;
probiotics - to eliminate Klebsiella in the intestines.

There are no other methods of treating Klebsiella infection.

Possible complications

Quite often, the pathology proceeds favorably, however, in cases of Klebsiella development during pregnancy, in infants or the elderly, there is a high probability of the following consequences:

sepsis and;
or lungs;
damage to bones and joints;
seizures;
dysfunction of the intestines, liver and kidneys;

Prevention and prognosis

Specific preventive measures, i.e., a vaccine against Klebsiella has not currently been developed; to reduce the likelihood of infection, the following rules should be followed:

maintaining hygiene;
consumption of well-washed vegetables and fruits, as well as fully cooked meat and pasteurized milk;
strengthening immunity;
elimination of any foci of chronic infections in the body;
limiting contact with a sick person;
adequate use of medications;
regular preventive examination at the clinic with visits to all specialists.

The prognosis is dictated by the age category of the patient, the type of Klebsiella and the severity of the disease. It is worth noting that after an infection, unstable immunity is formed - this means that the risk of re-development of the disease cannot be excluded.

Part of the normal microflora of the human body, its presence in the intestines, on the skin or mucous membranes is not a reason for concern. In some situations, Klebsiella, which would not normally require treatment, becomes a serious threat.

Causes of infection

At the dawn of microbiology, scientists believed that only beneficial microflora should live in the intestines. Later it turned out that opportunistic bacteria are no less workers for the benefit of humans than bifido- and lactobacilli. They take part in digestion, perform immune and a number of other useful functions.

The successful operation of a complex system called “microflora” depends on the stability of its constituent elements.

The main rod that keeps the entire system in balance is beneficial bacteria. As soon as the number of beneficial bacteria decreases, the rest rapidly multiply, turning into pathogenic ones.

This is how diseases caused by opportunistic flora develop. Their names and symptoms differ significantly depending on the body system in which the bacterial balance is disturbed.

The main reason for the imbalance leading to klebsiellosis is the weakened immunity of newborns, the elderly, or people who have had a disease (cancer patients, organ transplant patients). These categories of people experience the most severe Klebsiella infections, which are difficult to diagnose and treat.

Superbug Klebsiella

The World Health Organization (WHO) has included Klebsiella in the list of the most dangerous bacteria threatening humanity. The reason is a phenomenon called “superbugs.”

In the last century, medicine celebrated its victory over bacteria by finding a powerful weapon against them - antibiotics. After several decades, it turned out that the sensitivity to antibiotics of some bacteria was weakening, and the scale of the problem far exceeded normal adaptability.

Sometimes bacteria survive treatment:

if the doctor made a mistake when calculating the course of antibiotics;
if the patient himself decided to interrupt the course or forgot to take the drug on time.

When this happens, bacteria develop resistance to the drug, write it into their genome and transmit it not only to related bacilli, but also to other bacilli. As a result, superbugs are created that are resistant to any antibiotics.

The best candidates for superbugs are the so-called pathogens of nosocomial infections, including Klebsiella.

There are two reasons:

Bacteria are found in the same places where drugs are used, to which resistance must be developed.
Bacteria have access to weakened organisms with an imbalanced microflora.

As a result, the mortality rate of nosocomial (hospital) diseases significantly exceeds the usual mortality rate for the same infections.

Symptoms of klebsiella

Clinical picture

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Klebsylosis infections are mostly caused by two types of bacillus:

Klebsiella pneumonia or Friedlander's bacillus;

These two types of bacteria, out of eleven that have been isolated so far, are the most represented in the natural human microflora. It is not surprising that they are more likely than others to cause illness.

The symptoms in each case depend on:

localization of infection - which organs or body systems are affected by the bacteria;
patient's condition.

Typically, diseases caused by Klebsiella are more severe than those caused by other pathogens.

Lung damage

Pneumonia (an inflammatory process in the lung tissue) can be caused by:

viruses;
fungi;
bacteria.

The Klebsiella pneumoniae strain was once thought to be the causative agent of pneumonia only. Later it turned out that Klebsiella most often causes gastrointestinal disorders and is responsible for only a small percentage of bacterial pneumonia, but the name stuck.

Not every pneumonia caused by bacteria is Klebsiella, but every Klebsiella lesion of lung tissue in adults and children is especially severe.

Symptoms resemble any other bacterial pneumonia:

sudden onset of the disease;
high body temperature - usually 39°C, but can be higher;
chills;
coughing;
copious viscous bloody-mucous sputum.

Klebsiella is most dangerous for alveolar tissue. Its defeat is fraught with purulent processes that can lead to tissue death. Pathological processes in the alveoli during klebsiellosis often lead to partial or complete collapse of the lungs.

Upper respiratory tract damage

The intersection of the digestive and respiratory systems in the upper part of the larynx serves as a conditional separator of the upper and lower respiratory tract. ENT specialists deal with problems of the upper respiratory tract.

Damage to the urinary and reproductive systems

If the presence of Klebsiella on the mucous membranes or in the intestines is normal, then it is always a pathogen. As part of the vaginal flora, Klebsiella appears mainly as a result of disruption of the normal microflora after treatment with antibiotics.

Bacterial infections of the urinary system occur more often in women due to the structural features of the organs, mainly the short urethra, through which pathogens enter the bladder more often than in men.

Normally, from there they are immediately washed out with urine, but in a weakened body the bacteria linger, multiply and can enter the kidneys.

In the early stages, the infection may manifest itself as chills, weakness, a desire to lie down after standing for some time, and an increase in body temperature. Later, lower back pain may join the symptoms. The inflammatory process in the kidneys can be disguised as an acute respiratory infection.

Sepsis caused by Klebsiella

Klebsiella sepsis most often occurs in newborns. General sepsis is possible through the entry of bacteria into the bloodstream (deadly in 70% of cases), but more often Klebsiella affects bone and joint tissue.

Symptoms:

local swelling in the affected area;
difficulty moving the affected limb;
the child’s anxiety, which increases with various manipulations, especially when changing clothes.

An increase in body temperature, characteristic of general sepsis, is not observed with local sepsis. Most often, klebsiellosis affects the femur, humerus and tibia.

Features of the course of infection in children under one year of age

As a rule, Klebsiella, which surrounds children on all sides, is not dangerous to newborns - successfully colonizing a young organism, the bacteria become part of its microflora. Klebsiellosis develops mainly in premature infants with various pathologies or who have suffered various injuries.

Klebsiella uses injured areas of the body to gain unauthorized entry into the body of infants.

These places become:

injuries from obstetric forceps;
hematomas obtained during childbirth;
places of fixation of electrodes during monitoring of the child’s condition.

In the first year of life, the organs and systems of the child’s body are not yet fully formed, so infections, including klebsiella, have a particularly difficult effect on them, provoking a vivid clinical picture.

Diagnostic methods

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The main methods for diagnosing klebsiellosis consist of a laboratory study of secretions and fluids of the human body: sputum, vomit, feces, urine, blood, and so on. At the same time, the problem of overdiagnosis, characteristic of post-Soviet medicine, becomes acute.

For a doctor, it is important not so much to detect Klebsiella as to understand whether it is responsible for the symptoms and, accordingly, whether it is necessary to treat Klebsiella or continue to search for the cause.

In domestic pediatrics, there are often cases when children who are gaining weight normally are treated for klebsiellosis on the basis of , which doctors in countries with developed medicine have not used for a long time.

Not less often, antibiotics are used in domestic obstetrics on the basis of bacterial culture of urine, without any clinical manifestations. The presence of Klebsiella in the urinary tract is always a problem, but their presence in the urine does not always reflect this problem.

Pathogenic flora can get into the material for analysis due to improper urine collection or even in the laboratory. The diagnosis must be made on the basis of at least two bacterial cultures; in controversial cases, urine is collected by catheter to exclude errors.

Treatment of the disease

Treatment of bacterial infections, including klebsiella, is an art. First, the doctor needs to detect the pathogen, and this is not always easy. Secondly, it is important to understand whether opportunistic bacteria found in increased numbers are to blame for the disease.

Thirdly, it is important to draw up an optimal treatment strategy so as not to weaken the body’s defenses through the unjustified use of powerful drugs, but also to prevent the pathological process from becoming chronic or complications developing.

In most cases, the body copes with the most common intestinal infections on its own.

Even if the study reveals an increased content of Klebsiella in the intestines, this is not a guarantee that the main culprit of the disease is a bacterium and not a virus, against which antibiotics are powerless.

Vomiting and diarrhea are mechanisms by which the body gets rid of various intestinal pathogens. Drinking plenty of fluids is a way to replenish fluid deficiency; diet is a way to free the liver from the need to perform a digestive function in order to participate in immune processes. In most cases, no other treatment is required.

Infections of the genitourinary system and lungs are treated with antibiotics.

Video material about the treatment of intestinal infections:

Drug therapy

The most effective drugs against klebsiella are currently considered to be third generation cephalosporins - Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime and others.

Depending on the patient’s condition and the location of the infectious process, the doctor may prescribe various drugs, but it should be borne in mind that many strains are resistant to antibiotics. For example, Enterofuril was previously considered the drug of choice for klebsiella of the digestive system, but recently the resistance of the bacillus to its active substance, Nifuroxazide, was proven.

Folk remedies

If antibiotics in the context of klebsiella infections themselves can become a source of the problem, in search of ways to treat the disease, many people can turn to time-tested traditional medicine.

At the same time, it is important to understand a simple principle: if klebsiellosis can be cured without modern drugs, most likely it does not need to be treated at all. This is the case with intestinal klebsiellosis of mild or moderate form.

It is enough to observe bed rest for a week, a strict diet, replenish fluid loss by drinking plenty of fluids, and the pathogenic bacterium itself will go away under the pressure of the protective mechanisms of the human body.

Treating genitourinary system infections or pneumonia in an adult and, especially, in a child under one year old with folk remedies is fraught with complications, including death.

Video from Dr. Komarovsky about intestinal infections in children:

The adult body contains hundreds of bacteria that do not pose a threat. But under unfavorable factors: illness, decreased immunity, stress, they become more active and cause various complications. These include the bacterium Klebsiella oxytoca, an infection that can cause diseases such as pneumonia, xebliellosis, and digestive system disorders. It is especially common in young children, and is dangerous for them.

What is Klebsiella oxytoca

Klebsiella oxytoca is an opportunistic microbe from the genus Enterobacteriaceae, resistant to environmental influences and can exist in both oxygen and anaerobic environments. The microbe is a gram-negative (not amenable to Gram staining) rod of small size, enclosed in a protective capsule, which helps it survive in different conditions. Contained in the mucous membranes of the stomach and throat, in the gastrointestinal tract, on the surface of the skin of humans and some animals.

Under normal conditions, klebsiella oxytoca is an element of the human digestive flora, but when activated and multiplied, it becomes dangerous to health. Infants, whose bodies are still weak and unformed, are most susceptible to the pathogenic influence of bacteria; It can be detected using routine tests of stool and urine in a child.

Klebsiella - reasons

When it enters the body, the infection is localized in the intestines, in the colon, causing primary symptoms - stomach upset, pain. The microbe is transmitted by airborne droplets, or through dirty hands and food if hygiene rules are not followed. Infection is dangerous for infants, sick and elderly people, HIV-infected people. The main causes of klebsiella oxytoca and its activation:

weak immunity at the time of transmission of the bacteria;
the presence of other diseases that have weakened the immune system.

The child has

A common manifestation of nosocomial infection is increased Klebsiella oxytoca in infants. It can become infected from an adult with pneumonia or from another child. In children, Klebsiella primarily affects the upper respiratory tract, nose, lungs, and when it enters the blood, brain canals and large intestine, causing complications and illnesses. In such situations, conjunctivitis, intestinal disorder or sepsis are diagnosed, and in rare severe cases, pneumonia.

Signs of Klebsiella

All gastrointestinal diseases caused by a microbe resemble acute intestinal infections with mucosal lesions and dysbacteriosis, with which they are often confused. The symptoms of Klebsiella oxytoca manifest themselves differently depending on the location of the larger number of bacteria. When activated, they begin to release special toxins, which can cause complications. If the body is healthy and the immune system is strong, it can cope with the bacteria on its own, then the signs will be mild and perhaps the infection will not be detected.

What symptoms are characteristic of infection:

increased temperature, fever;
loose stools with mucus, blood clots;
abdominal pain, bloating;
in infants - regurgitation of milk;
cough, shortness of breath with lung damage;
intoxication, dehydration;
stuffy nose, purulent discharge with an unpleasant odor when the nasopharynx is affected;
infectious-toxic shock, complications in various organs (liver, kidneys, lungs), damage to blood vessels of various systems in Klebsiella sepsis.

Features of the pathogenesis of klebsiella

Klebsiella oxytoca is one of the types of bacteria that is most common in humans, the other is Klebsiella pneumaticus, a severe form of which causes pneumonia, which can be fatal. When infected with an active bacteria, a person may not notice any changes in well-being - this means that the body is healthy and fights the infection on its own.

The course of the disease must be monitored, and if symptoms appear, their cause must be treated. Complications are dangerous: the development of acute gastritis, enteritis, enterocolitis. Manifestations of infection may be accompanied by general weakness, nausea, cramping colic in the abdomen, and prolonged intestinal upset. The period of acute manifestation can last from 2 days to one week.

Diagnosis of Klebsiella

A clinical diagnosis is made in advance, then a series of studies are carried out depending on the form, type of infection, and its location. Microbiological diagnosis of Klebsiella is carried out mainly by the bacteriological method - by inoculating test material on a nutrient medium. This method allows you to identify the microbe within a day. Other diagnostic methods:

bacterioscopy: microflora analysis, Gram staining of smears and identification of single or grouped rods;
serological: examine the patient’s blood serum;
blood tests, urine tests, instrumental diagnostics, coprogram.

Klebsiella oxytoca in a smear

The diagnosis of Klebsiella can be established based on an examination by a doctor (gastroenterologist, pediatrician); culture tests are prescribed for confirmation. To do this, swabs can be taken from the nose, throat, mucous membranes of the reproductive system (if the urinary tract is affected) and other areas of inflammation. Klebsiella oxytoca is detected in a smear with 100% probability; an infectiologist or gastroenterologist can establish a diagnosis and distinguish it from other infections.

Klebsiella oxytoca in feces

Testing klebsiella oxytoca in the stool of an infant is the most common and convenient way to detect infection in children. Its presence is determined during tests for dysbacteriosis, which are prescribed in case of manifestations of gastric symptoms or abdominal colic. In adults, when the intestines are damaged, a staphylococcal infection or other bacteria is often found along with the microbe.

Klebsiella oxytoca in urine

Urine tests are taken if infection of the reproductive or urinary system is suspected. Klebsiella oxytoca in urine has a number of characteristic signs that make it easy to identify. This is important because the diseases that it can cause are very dangerous - pyelonephritis, prostatitis, cystitis, and treatment must be done as soon as possible.

Klebsiella oxytoca is normal

What is the norm for Klebsiella in tests? One gram of feces should contain no more than 105 cells of a microorganism - this is a normal amount of viable bacteria that does not cause harm and can calmly coexist with a person. An increase in this number is pathological and requires a detailed study of the patient’s condition and identification of potential dangers for him.

How to treat Klebsiella oxytoca

Treatment for klebsiella oxytoca depends on the type of bacterium and the organs that are affected by the infection. For mild intestinal lesions, probiotics and bacteriophages are prescribed; infants and patients with severe infection are prescribed hospitalization and inpatient treatment with antibiotics and a special diet. Pathogenetic and syndromic therapy of Klebsiella can be carried out - to reduce fever, intoxication, based on the main complaints and syndromes. Learn more about different treatment methods.

Treatment with bacteriophages

Bacteriophages are unique drugs specially designed to affect only particles of opportunistic bacteria without affecting healthy cells of the body; they, unlike antibiotics, do not cause addiction to the microbe and remain effective throughout the entire course of therapy. Treatment of Klebsiella with bacteriophages shows especially good results if the infection is located only in the digestive tract and does not affect other organs.

Bacteriophage Klebsiella oxytoka polyvalent purified is suitable for the treatment of different types of microbes (intestinal, pneumonic, nasopharyngeal, urogenital) in infants and adults. The drug can be used for oral administration, in the form of enemas, irrigations, applications and injection into the affected cavities. It has no contraindications, except for intolerance to the components.

Antibiotics against Klebsiella

Antibiotics for the treatment of Klebsiella are indicated for severe lesions and are carried out mainly in hospital settings. Antibacterial drugs are selected specific, depending on test results, and general, to cover a wide range of possible infectious bacteria. Such therapy can suppress the activity of the immune system, therefore it is carried out by a doctor, regulated during the treatment process and strictly dosed.

Performing oral rehydration

Oral rehydration is a good remedy for severe dehydration and acute manifestations of infection; it is used for both children and adults. Preparations for oral rehydration are gluco-saline solutions in combination with antibiotics and diet. The dehydration procedure helps to quickly restore the water-salt balance and maintain the normal state of the intestines during klebsiellosis.

Probiotics for Klebsiella

Probiotics are a useful bacterial complex in the form of pills in a convenient shell, which helps normalize digestion and the process of bowel movements when infected with opportunistic microorganisms. Probiotics for Klebsiella should be taken 2-3 times a day before meals for at least 2 weeks to consolidate the effect. If tests show a high number of microbes, then probiotics are prescribed selectively, depending on the type of lesion and the main therapy.

sovets.net

Klebsiella oxytoca: what is it like in a baby

Klebsiella, as is already clear, belongs to the opportunistic microflora, that is, they manifest themselves only under certain conditions, for example, when immunity is reduced. Externally, the bacterium is a rod, has a fairly large size, is immobile and does not form spores.

The stick is covered with a capsule that protects it for some time when exposed to unfavorable conditions, for example, water, soil, food. The bacterium tolerates medium temperatures and heating well, but dies when boiled.

Several forms of infection and their effect on the body

In medicine, Klebsiella is classified as enterobacteria (microorganisms that live in the intestines and other organs). There are 7 types of bacteria, but two are of greatest danger to children: Klebsiella pneumoniae (Friedland bacillus) and Klebsiella oxytoca.

Friedland's bacillus is one of the most common pathogens in infants. During the normal development of the child, it lives in the intestines and does not pose a danger.

However, penetration of the microbe into the blood, joint, brain tissue, urinary ducts and activation in the large intestine is a serious threat to the health of the infant. In such a situation, Klebsiella or Klebsiella sepsis occurs.

In the vast majority of cases, the microbe provokes intestinal disorders, and less commonly, pneumonia.

Causes of the disease and routes of penetration

Klebsiella oxytoca is often found in the stool of a completely healthy baby. In this case, she does not pose a threat. Bacteria can enter the body from the outside. In medicine, these pathways are called exogenous infection. Most often, the infection enters through dirty hands, water, milk, poorly washed nipples (during breastfeeding), airborne droplets (coughing, sneezing), and poorly washed fresh fruits.

The reason why this infection activates is most often hidden in the weakening of the body’s immune defense. Children suffer more often because their immune system is not sufficiently developed, and they also lack normal microflora in the intestines, respiratory system, and skin.

Provoking factors can be: allergies; intestinal problems; viral and infectious diseases; lack of vitamins and other nutrients in the diet.

Activation of opportunistic microflora can occur after taking antibiotics, as they suppress the normal intestinal microflora, reducing beneficial bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. Frequent use of antibiotics contributes to the development of klebsiellosis and significantly complicates the treatment of the latter, since the bacteria become resistant to the drugs taken.

Symptoms of activation of Klebsiella oxytoki

The disease, caused by a bacterium, is characterized primarily by damage to the gastrointestinal tract (gastrointestinal tract). The course of the disease resembles acute intestinal infections with damage to the mucous membranes, since they are the ones who suffer from the toxins released by the microbe. Sometimes difficulties arise with diagnosis, since the disease is very similar to ordinary dysbacteriosis.

The pathology is characterized by the following symptoms:

Pain;
Bloating;
Flatulence;
Colic;
Fever;
Regurgitation of milk;
Increased body temperature;
Loose stools, sometimes mixed with mucus, blood, and an unpleasant sour-milk odor;
With prolonged diarrhea, dehydration may occur.

The clinical picture of the disease largely depends on the immunity of children and adults. With a good response, the disease is characterized by a sluggish course and mild symptoms.

When for some reason the immune system is weakened, the disease develops rapidly, accompanied by pronounced symptoms. There is a risk of dehydration and intoxication. In such situations, an ambulance is called and hospitalization is necessary. In this case, the disease should be treated only under the constant supervision of doctors.

Complications of the disease

As already mentioned, if the immune system is normal, there is no need to worry, since the bacterium will only cause an infectious disease with a mild course that is easily treatable. A severe course or an advanced stage is fraught with the development of complications.

In the future, pneumonia (pneumonia), conjunctivitis, various forms of intestinal infections, sinusitis, damage to the respiratory system, severe types of runny nose, meningitis, sepsis, and pathologies of the genitourinary system may occur.

Diagnosis of the disease

Treatment in adults and children with the progression of Klebsiella oxytoca requires placement in a hospital setting. It is necessary to hospitalize the patient in case of severe dehydration, sepsis, infectious-toxic shock. Such measures are also necessary in severe cases of the disease.

An isolated lesion in the intestine does not require the use of systemic antibiotics.

In this situation, intestinal antiseptics are used; means for stimulating and restoring intestinal microflora; preparations for normalizing water balance (solutions of salts, glucose); enzymes for normal digestion of food.

Severe cases require the use of antibiotics. The sensitivity of microbes to such is preliminarily determined. Immunity boosters are also prescribed.

How to treat Klebsiella oxytocica in children and adults

It is worth noting that medicine has developed a special treatment plan used to suppress the bacteria. According to it, antibiotics such as nifuroxazide, aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, and penicillins are used. Treatment of Klebsiella oxytoca in children is rarely accompanied by other types of these drugs, as they are more toxic and have a high risk of side effects.

Bacteriophages are also prescribed - agents that have a selective biological effect. Accordingly, drugs that are active against the microbe are selected. These are mainly complex liquid pyobacteriophage, liquid purified bacteriophage polyvalent Klebsiella oxytoca and liquid purified bacteriophage Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Products of this kind selectively absorb and destroy only this type of microorganisms, without affecting others. Their big advantage is the absence of contraindications, as well as their high efficiency - they are practically not inferior to antibiotics.

They are prescribed to suppress the growth of bacteria if they are detected in feces, in the presence of unfavorable factors, as well as an increased susceptibility to intestinal infections.

And remember: at the first symptoms, immediately contact a specialist. Health to you and your children!

4-women.ru

Klebsiella in an adult: symptoms and signs

To establish a diagnosis, tests are carried out, as a result of which Klebsiella is most often detected in the stool of an adult.

In addition, the incubation period of such a disease lasts only 1-2 days, after which signs of Klebsiella in adults appear:

If we are talking about bacilli getting into the lungs, the diagnosis will sound different - Klebsiella pneumonia in an adult. The symptoms of this disease are different:

high body temperature for 10 days;
dyspnea;
prostration;
pain in the chest area;
cough;

If microbes of the genus Klebsiella in adults are in the organs of the genitourinary system, the clinical picture will suggest other signs:

heat;
nausea;
prostration;
pain in the lower back and lower abdomen.

In this case, tests will show Klebsiella in the urine. Refusal of treatment greetings to pyelonephritis.

How and where to find

During the diagnostic process, the doctor determines how much the number of bacteria exceeds the norm, and also conducts tests to determine the reaction of the bacteria to antibiotic drugs.

Klebsiella: treatment in adults

The final stage of treatment for klebsiellosis is the normalization of intestinal microflora by taking probiotics, enzymes, as well as strengthening the immune system by taking multivitamins.

Diet for Klebsiella in adults

To restore the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, you should adhere to the following rules:

The doctor himself can make some amendments, based on the specific case of the disease.

Unconventional treatment

Folk remedies can also solve the problem of klebsbiellosis if you combine unconventional methods with the instructions of a doctor.

Therefore, many doctors strongly advise taking a course of phytoncidal herbs before treatment with antibiotics. But under no circumstances should you engage in self-treatment.

samchist.ru

Klebsiella oxytoca− the name of one of the seven species of this genus of opportunistic bacteria. Klebsiella oxytoca can be detected in the mucous membrane of the throat when taking a smear, or in feces.

Why is Klebsiella oxytoca dangerous?

Klebsiella can enter the body from the outside through non-compliance with hygiene standards, through unwashed or poorly washed food, or through contact with a carrier of the infection through airborne droplets. You should also know that in normal conditions, Klebsiella is present in almost everyone on the skin, in the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract and in the gastrointestinal tract. Microorganisms become active due to weakened immunity, treatment with long-term use of antibiotics, and a number of other reasons. Then the enterobacteria begins to actively multiply, and it can do this both in the presence of oxygen and without it, that is, it is anaerobic. At the same time, it provokes various infectious diseases. Klebsiella oxytoca can be the causative agent of diseases such as:

pneumonia;
diseases of the genitourinary system;
eye diseases;
joint pathologies;
diseases of the membranes of the brain.

Klebsiella oxytoca also often causes intestinal diseases.

Symptoms of Klebsiella oxytoca

The course of infectious diseases caused by the bacterium Klebsiella oxytoca can be either mild or quite severe.

Symptoms of gastrointestinal diseases caused by Klebsiella oxytoca are as follows:

temperature increase;
bloating;
flatulence;
colic in the intestines;
loose stool mixed with mucus, sometimes blood, accompanied by an unpleasant, pungent sour-milk odor;
manifestations of dehydration.

If you discover the listed signs, you should definitely consult a doctor, who should give you a referral to get tested for the presence of enterobacteria, since the listed symptoms are very reminiscent of a disease such as dysbiosis.

Treatment of Klebsiella oxytoca

If the disease caused by Klebsiella oxytoca is mild, treatment should be carried out using only bacteriophages and probiotics to do not weaken the body, since they are able to selectively infect harmful bacterial cells. In addition, over time, bacteria are able to “get used” to antibiotics, but they do not develop such acquired resistance to bacteriophages.

In case of severe illness, a course of antibiotics is prescribed, and probiotics must also be taken to restore the damaged natural intestinal microflora.

A significant role in the treatment of infectious diseases caused by Klebsiella is played by measures aimed at increasing the body's immunity.

What is Klebsiella oxytoca