Reliable helpers in the fight against urethritis in men - a list of effective antibiotics. Juice therapy is an affordable prevention of any form of cystitis

For the treatment of cystitis and urethritis in women, among a wide variety of pharmacological agents, four groups of the most effective drugs are distinguished.

Antibacterial therapy for cystitis and urethritis in women

Cystitis in turn affects both women and men. This disease is quite insidious and will cause a lot of trouble. The problem can be eliminated not only with the help of medications, but also with physiotherapeutic methods. It is also important to eat right.

Basic drugs

Infections play a major role in the occurrence of cystitis and urethritis in women.

Most often, antibacterial drugs are used to treat the disease.
The body weakened by the disease is supported with the help of immunomodulators. These are medicines that strengthen the immune system.
Also, in combination with these remedies, homeopathic preparations and herbal preparations are used. Herbal preparations only help well if there is no fever or severe pain.

They have analgesic effects. Nurofen, Diclofenac and Indomethacin are usually prescribed.

Antibiotics

Before deciding on a treatment method for a disease, it is necessary to undergo an examination to determine its form and degree of development. Only an experienced specialist can prescribe suitable antibiotics that will help get rid of the disease and cause minimal harm to the body. If you start taking medicine without consulting a doctor, you may not only not get rid of the pathology, but also cause irreparable harm to all organs and systems.

In order to prescribe the correct drugs, it is necessary to determine the causative agent of the disease. If this fails, broad-spectrum antibiotics are prescribed.

If the cause of bladder inflammation is not an infection, other medications are prescribed. For chronic cystitis, antibiotics are prescribed for prophylactic purposes.

Doctors prefer these drugs for the following reasons:

Microorganisms are very sensitive to most antibiotics and die quickly;
A large number of active substances that make up these medications are concentrated in the urine, which significantly increases the effectiveness of treatment;
The drugs are mainly sold in tablet form, which makes them very convenient to use.

Broad-spectrum medications are often used to treat men and women. This means that these drugs can affect several types of bacteria at the same time.

The course of treatment with such antibiotics usually lasts one day, three days or a week. After treatment is completed, tests must be taken to confirm that the disease has subsided. This will avoid chronic pathologies.

Medicines for urethritis

In men, the manifestation of urethritis is more pronounced than in women, so it can be detected and gotten rid of much faster. But for both parties, the lack of treatment can have very unpleasant consequences. So women may develop cystitis, inflammation of the pelvic organs and other equally serious health problems. The choice of medications depends on the form of the disease. So, for urethritis, the list of prescribed medications usually looks like this:

Nonspecific urethritis is treated with cephalosporins, sulfonamides, macropods, fluoroquinolones;
For gonorrheal urethritis, antibiotics are prescribed that are harmful to chlamydia. These include Erythromycin, Cefuroxime, Rifampicin. But for each patient the drug is prescribed individually;
In the case of trichomonas urethritis, antibacterial drugs Metronidazole, Imorazole, Ornidazole are prescribed;
For urethritis caused by a fungus of the genus Candida, Nystatin, Levorin, Natamicin are used. These are antifungal drugs.
Microplasma urethritis is treated with tetracyclines;
Viral urethritis is treated with Ribavirin, Penciclovir.

First of all, for urethritis in men and women, treatment begins with broad-spectrum antibiotics. This is done so that while the procedure for identifying the pathogen is underway, the infection does not spread even more.

For urethritis, only one drug can be used to treat a particular type of disease, so you must first make an accurate diagnosis. This is possible only after the patient passes a urine, blood and urethral discharge test. This will allow you to correctly identify the causative agent of the disease and select the antibiotic to which it is most sensitive.

Almost all antibiotics that are used for urethritis and cystitis in men and women have the ability to penetrate tissue. This allows them to successfully fight sexually transmitted infections.

Problems can arise with urethritis in children. Most medications used to treat this disease negatively affect the child's development and should not be used. This greatly complicates the process of selecting an effective product.

In what form are medications prescribed?

For urethritis and cystitis, antibiotics are most often prescribed in tablet form. In addition, there are still several methods of antibacterial treatment:

Intravenous and intramuscular injections are prescribed;
For women, suppositories are used that need to be inserted into the vagina;
The antibiotic is infused as a liquid through a catheter into the urethra;
They may also prescribe one antibiotic, combine two or three drugs, and in difficult cases even five.

Popular remedies for cystitis

Antibiotics are especially indispensable for acute and chronic cystitis. The treatment process is controlled by a doctor. If the drug does not have the desired effect, it is replaced with another.

The most effective medications are:

Monural. This drug helps to cope with almost all gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. It is used for both cystitis and urethritis. It can be taken during pregnancy, which is very important. Since it is very difficult to choose a drug that is safe for the fetus for the treatment of pregnant women. Children under 5 years of age should not take the medicine, if they have renal failure or if there is an intolerance to certain components of the drug. For men and women, a one-time dose is sufficient. In severe cases, it is necessary to take the medicine once a day for two days;
Nolitsin. Nolicin is often prescribed for cystitis, since its active substances are concentrated in the urine and fight bacteria on the spot. This allows you to get rid of the disease faster;
Furadonin destroys harmful bacteria at the cellular level. It is effective in treating almost all urinary tract infections, including cystitis and urethritis;
Furagin is effective in infectious and inflammatory processes;
Palin eliminates almost all gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria that cause inflammation of the bladder;
Nitroxoline. This is a well-studied drug that is effective not only against a large number of pathogenic microorganisms, but also against some fungi.

Possible complications

Antibiotics are the most popular remedies for cystitis and urethritis in men and women. Often people make a mistake and begin to undergo treatment at their own discretion. This can harm your health and cause an exacerbation of the disease. So, instead of getting rid of the disease, by taking the wrong pills, you can get acute cystitis. In women, this problem may also be accompanied by bacterial vaginosis or thrush.

In some cases, taking antibiotics incorrectly can cause cystitis. This is due to the fact that such drugs can weaken the immune system and microorganisms that are found in the vagina in women, and on the head of the penis in men, enter the body. When the immune system functions normally, microorganisms do not spread.

Antibiotics for cystitis can cause an exacerbation of candidiasis, therefore, if this method of treatment cannot be abandoned, the body must be supported with strengthening agents.

Ineffective means

Although antibiotics are the main help for urethritis and cystitis in men and women, they do not always have the desired effect. Bacteria may develop resistance to the drug, and it will be ineffective or not at all.

Today, there are several types of antibiotics, the use of which is unjustified. Nitrofurans have no effect on cystitis and urethritis. They can only be taken for preventive purposes. The drug ampilicin does not work in 30% of cases.

Cephalosporins, such as Cefradin and Cephalexin, are also ineffective.

Diseases of the genitourinary system in women and men require careful diagnosis, visits to specialists, tests, and ultrasound. The duration of the treatment process depends on the type and severity of the disease. It is often necessary to take antibiotics from different groups at the same time.

During treatment, it is very important to avoid hypothermia, not to eat junk food, to give up alcohol and cigarettes, and to have sexual intercourse only with the use of a condom.

After the disease has subsided, it is necessary not to forget about the importance of preventive examinations and strengthen the immune system. For this purpose, drugs from the fluoroquinolones and nitrofurans group are suitable.

Not every form of urethritis requires treatment with antibiotics– in some cases it can be harmful. This group of drugs is used only for treatment.

It is divided into the following varieties:

Secondary urethritis, caused by complications of systemic diseases such as tonsillitis and pneumonia.

I would also like to note that urethritis does not happen from antibiotics, so you don’t have to be afraid and use it.

List of antibiotics for the treatment of urethritis

The choice of specific antibiotics for the treatment of urethritis from a type of bacterial disease. For the treatment of each of them there are the most suitable medications.

The causative agents of gonococcal urethritis have developed resistance to penicillin; the use of antibiotics containing this substance is useless.

But gonococci are vulnerable to the effects of cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones, represented by the following drugs:

Antiprotozoal drugs are used to treat Trichomonas urethritis.

Among them are the following drugs:

Antiprotozoal drugs significantly increase the body's susceptibility to the toxic effects of ethanol. Alcohol consumption during a course of antibiotic therapy in this group is strictly contraindicated.

Reference: One of the most unpleasant complications of antibiotic therapy is the development of candidiasis. Antibiotics reduce the body's defenses, which increases the risk of fungal formations.

Macrolides are used to treat chlamydial urethritis:

To treat nonspecific urethritis, broad-spectrum antibiotics are used: penicillins, phosphonic acid derivatives and others:

Additional measures

After completing the course, you can undergo therapy with immunostimulating drugs, since antibiotics have a negative effect on the immune system.

Physiotherapeutic procedures can complement the treatment of urethritis with antibiotics.

The simplest procedures are washing the penis and urethra with an antiseptic (furatsilin, etc.), taking sitz baths. Read about treating urethritis at home. Supplement therapy for the disease.

With chlamydial urethritis, tissue permeability may not be sufficient for antibiotics to act on bacteria. To increase their permeability, corticosteroids are used: dexamethasone, prednisolone and others.

Conclusion

Antibiotics are used to treat urethritis in cases where it is caused by bacterial infections. These can be infections that provoke sexually transmitted diseases (gonorrhea, chlamydia), or systemic infections that cause complications in the genitourinary system (tonsillitis, pneumonia). Other forms of the disease are treated without the use of antibiotics.

Nolitsin is an antibacterial drug from the fluoroquinolone group. Instructions for use prescribe taking 400 mg tablets for cystitis, prostatitis, and urethritis.

Release form and composition

Nolicin is available in the form of film-coated tablets intended for oral administration. The tablets are packaged in blisters of 10 pieces, 1 or 2 blisters in a cardboard box with a detailed description attached.

Each tablet of the drug contains the active ingredient – Norfloxacin in a dose of 400 mg.

pharmachologic effect

Nolitsin instructions for use classify it as a broad-spectrum antibacterial drug. Additionally, it has an antimicrobial and bactericidal effect.

Microorganisms sensitive to the drug: Staphylococcus aureus (including strains of Staphylococcus spp., resistant to methicillin), Staphylococcus epidermidis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, Escherichia coli, Citrobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., Hafhia alvei, Proteus spp. (indole-positive and indole-negative strains), Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Yersinia enterocolitica, Campylobacter jejuni, Aeromonas spp., Plesiomonas spp., Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Haemophilus influenzae, Chlamydia spp., Legionella spp.

The following have different sensitivity to the drug: Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus spp. (Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus viridans), Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter spp., Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium fortuitum.

What does Nolitsin (tablets) help with?

Indications for use of the drug include diseases of the genitourinary system of an infectious and inflammatory nature:

endometritis;
uncomplicated form of gonorrhea;
urethritis;
cervicitis;
pyelonephritis;
cystitis;
chronic prostatitis of bacterial origin.

What else can Nolitsin be prescribed for: bacterial gastroenteritis, shigellosis, salmonellosis. Additional indications for the use of tablets: prevention of traveler's diarrhea and prevention of septic complications in patients with neutropenia.

Instructions for use

Nolicin is taken orally, on an empty stomach (at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after a meal) and washed down with a sufficient amount of liquid. Recommended doses are 400 mg 2 times a day. The duration of treatment is from 7 to 14 days, if necessary, longer treatment is carried out.

For the prevention of sepsis in neutropenia - 400 mg 2 times a day for 8 weeks.
For uncomplicated gonorrhea - a single dose of 800-1200 mg or 400 mg 2 times a day for 3-7 days.
For bacterial gastroenteritis (shigellosis, salmonellosis) - 400 mg 2 times a day for 5 days.
For the prevention of recurrent uncomplicated urinary tract infections with frequent exacerbations (more than 3 episodes per year or more than 2 within six months) - 200 mg 1 time per night for a long time (from 6 months to several years).
For acute uncomplicated cystitis - 400 mg 2 times a day for 3-5 days.
To prevent travelers' diarrhea, it is recommended to take 400 mg per day 1 day before departure, during the entire trip and 2 days after its end (no more than 21 days).
For chronic bacterial prostatitis - 400 mg 2 times a day. for 4-6 weeks or more.

Contraindications

The drug can only be taken as prescribed by a doctor; self-medication can lead to serious negative consequences. Before starting treatment, you should read the attached instructions. Tablets are contraindicated in the presence of the following conditions:

Liver or kidney failure.
Individual intolerance to norfloxacin or any of the components included in the composition.
Pregnancy and breastfeeding period.
Age up to 18 years, since there is no clinical experience of use, and the safety of the medicine for children and adolescents has not been proven.

Relative contraindications include:

Individual intolerance to acetylsalicylic acid.
Atherosclerotic deposits on the walls of blood vessels in the brain.
Epilepsy.
Cerebral circulation disorders.
Side effects
Digestive system: vomiting, loss of appetite, nausea, bitterness in the mouth, abdominal pain, diarrhea, pseudomembranous enterocolitis (with prolonged therapy), increased activity of liver transaminases.
Urinary system: glomerulonephritis, albuminuria, crystalluria, polyuria, dysuria, urethral bleeding, increased creatinine and urea in blood plasma.
Musculoskeletal system: tendonitis, arthralgia, tendon ruptures (as a rule, against the background of contributing factors).
Nervous system: hallucinations, headache, fainting, dizziness, insomnia; in elderly patients - irritability, fear, fatigue, anxiety, drowsiness, tinnitus, depression.
Cardiovascular system: vasculitis, arrhythmias, tachycardia, decreased blood pressure.
Allergic reactions: skin itching, rash, swelling, urticaria, malignant exudative erythema (Stevens-Johnson syndrome).
Hematopoietic system: decreased hematocrit, leukopenia, eosinophilia.
Others: candidiasis.

Children, pregnancy and breastfeeding

Nolicin is prescribed during pregnancy only if the benefit to the mother is higher than the potential risks to the fetus. If it is necessary to undergo treatment during lactation, it is recommended to stop breastfeeding.

According to the instructions, Nolicin is contraindicated in children and adolescents under 18 years of age.

special instructions

While taking Nolicin, it is important to increase fluid intake while monitoring daily diuresis.

During drug therapy, prolonged exposure to direct sunlight and visits to solariums should be avoided, since under the influence of the drug, patients have an increased risk of developing photosensitivity.

Persons who do not tolerate acetylsalicylic acid should be careful, as severe bronchospasm may develop when taking Nolitsin tablets.

Since the drug affects the functioning of the central nervous system, during the period of taking the tablets you should avoid driving a car or operating complex mechanisms that require increased concentration.

Drug interactions

The medication reduces the effectiveness of nitrofurans, increases the concentration of cyclosporine (mutual action) and indirect anticoagulants. Norfloxacin reduces the total clearance of theophylline by 1/4.

When treated simultaneously with medications that lower the epileptic threshold, epileptiform seizures may intensify. Antacids reduce the absorption of Nolicin.

When taking antihypertensive drugs, a sharp drop in blood pressure is recorded. The use of medications for general anesthesia requires mandatory monitoring of heart rate, blood pressure, and heart function (ECG).

Analogues of the drug Nolitsin

Analogues are determined by structure:

Renor.
Sophazine.
Norilet.
Loxon-400.
Chibroxin.
Noroxin.
Normax.
Norbactin.
YouTubeid.
Norfacin.

Vacation conditions and price

The average price of Nolicin (400 mg tablets No. 10) in Moscow is 176 rubles. The drug is dispensed in pharmacies with a doctor's prescription.

Tablets should be stored in a dry, cool place, out of reach of children, for a period of no more than 5 years from the date indicated on the package.

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) is usually infectious in nature. Therefore, antimicrobial therapy is mainly used in the treatment of these diseases. To achieve an effect more quickly, treatment should begin immediately after diagnosis, therefore antibacterial therapy is prescribed empirically: drugs are used that affect as many microorganisms as possible - potential causative agents of cystitis and urethritis.

To treat urethritis (and cystitis), drugs from the following groups can be used:

antibiotics of a number of fluoroquinolones of the second generation;
β-lactam antibiotics (protected aminopenicillins or third-generation cephalosporins);
uroantiseptics;
imidazole derivatives (if protozoan microorganisms are detected in the culture).

Let's take a closer look at each of these groups and its representatives.

Second generation fluoroquinolones

Medicines in this group are first-line drugs for the treatment of urinary tract infections. They have a bactericidal effect on bacteria, that is, they cause the death of microorganisms.

The drugs are well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Food intake does not significantly affect their bioavailability, but to some extent slows down the absorption processes. The maximum concentration in the blood after oral administration is observed after 1-3 hours. Penetrate through the placental barrier and into breast milk (but to a small extent). They are excreted primarily in urine, and to a lesser extent in bile.
In case of acute cystitis, the duration of taking the drug is 3 days, in case of relapse - 5-7 days.
The most commonly used medications are:

enoxacin;
ofloxacin;
lomefloxacin;
norfloxacin;
ciprofloxacin.

Enoxacin (Enoxor)

It is highly active against the following microorganisms:

Intestinal coli (Escherichia coli);
Klebsiella;
Enterobacter;
Serratia;
Proteus;
Shigella;
Salmonella;
Haemophilus influenzae infection;
Neisseria gonorrhea;
Campylobacter.

Streptococci, chlamydia and gram-negative anaerobic bacteria are insensitive to it.
For urinary tract infections, it is recommended to take 200 mg of the drug 2 times a day. The course of treatment is 3-5-7 days, in complicated cases – up to two weeks.
When taking enoxacin, the following side effects may develop:

allergic reactions (skin rashes);
, vomiting, and along the intestines, increased activity of liver tests;
pain in joints and muscles;
, absent-mindedness, extremely rarely -;
photosensitivity (increased sensitivity of the body to ultraviolet rays).

It is contraindicated to take the drug if you have an individual sensitivity to its components, epilepsy, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, as well as children under 15 years of age.

During pregnancy and lactation, use according to strict indications. If severe (if creatinine clearance is less than 30 ml/min), the drug should not be taken.

Ofloxacin (Ofloxacin, Oflo, Zoflox-400, Zanotsin and others)

Available in the form of regular and extended-release tablets, capsules, solutions for infusions and injections, ear and eye drops, and eye ointment. In the treatment of urinary tract infections, it is usually used in the form of tablets and capsules.

The spectrum of action of this drug includes many types of bacteria: Listeria, E. coli, Klebsiella, Salmonella, Proteus, Shigella, Yersinia, Enterobacter, Morganella morganii, Providencia spp., Vibrio spp., Serratia spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, N meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, Acinetobacter spp., Moraxella catarrhalis, Gardnerella vaginalis, Pasteurella multocida, Helicobacter pylori, Chlamydia trachomatis and others.

The bioavailability of ofloxacin after oral administration is 96%. The maximum concentration in the blood is observed after 1-2 hours. The half-life is 5-8 hours. It is excreted unchanged by the kidneys.
Indicated for many different infections, including cystitis and urethritis.

The dose for oral administration is 200-400 mg per day (if 400, then it is better in 2 doses, but it is also possible in one - in the morning).
Contraindications to taking ofloxacin are hypersensitivity to the components of the drug, age less than 16 years, pregnancy, severe.

allergic reactions: skin rashes, itching;
headache, sleep disorders, absent-mindedness, anxiety, general weakness;
nausea, vomiting, increased activity of liver enzymes;
transient increase in creatinine in the blood.

Use with caution for cerebral atherosclerosis and epilepsy. During the treatment period, you should avoid prolonged exposure to direct ultraviolet rays and drink enough fluids.

Lomefloxacin (Lomaday)

The release form for the treatment of urinary tract infections is film-coated tablets.
It has a bactericidal effect on many bacteria, in particular E. coli, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Klebsiella, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus, Neisseria gonorrhea.

Absorbed into the blood quickly and almost completely – up to 98%. Excreted in urine.

Take 400 g tablets orally once a day.

Contraindicated in case of hypersensitivity to lomefloxacin.

Side effects are rare. Possible headache, dizziness, pain in the stomach, stool disorders, photosensitivity.

It is necessary to adjust the dose of the drug if there are existing renal dysfunctions.

Norfloxacin (Norfloxacin, Nolicin, Norbactin)

Release form: film-coated tablets and capsules.

Active against many microorganisms. The most sensitive to it are Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Proteus, Citrobacter, Serratia, Acinetobacter. Insensitive – anaerobic bacteria and enterococci.

For acute cystitis and urethritis, use 400 mg 2 times a day for 3-5 days. In the case of chronic urinary tract infection, the recommended duration of use increases significantly.
Contraindications, side effects and special instructions are similar to those of other second-generation fluoroquinolones.

Ciprofloxacin (Flaprox, Tsiprinol, Tsiprobel, Tsiprolet, Tsiprovin, Tsifran, Ificipro, Medociprin, Tsiprobay, Tsipronate, Citeral, Tsifran)

For the treatment of cystitis and urethritis, it is used in the form of simple, film-coated, prolonged-release tablets, as well as capsules.

The most pronounced antimicrobial effect is against Pseudomonas aeruginosis, Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, Shigella, Salmonella, Neisseria meningitis and gonorrhea, as well as staphylococci, enterococci, legionella, and chlamydia. Some types of streptococci, Ureaplasma urealiticum, Nocardia asteroides and (treponema pallidum) are insensitive to it.

Absorbed quickly in the digestive tract - bioavailability is 70%. The maximum concentration in the blood is observed 1-2 hours after a single dose. The half-life is 4 hours. Excreted in urine and bile.

For urinary tract infections, it is recommended to take 250-500 mg twice a day, morning and evening, with plenty of liquid. Duration of treatment is 3-14 days.

It is contraindicated to take ciprofloxacin during pregnancy and breastfeeding, in case of individual hypersensitivity to it, as well as in cases of severe insufficiency of liver and kidney function.

As a rule, this drug is well tolerated. However, in some cases the following undesirable effects may occur:

headache, dizziness, fatigue, irritability, feeling of fear;
sweating, hot flashes, peripheral sensitivity disorders, increased intracranial pressure, visual disturbances, depression;
skin rash, itching, in isolated cases - bronchospasm, Quincke's edema, Lyell's or Stevens' syndrome, vasculitis, anaphylactic shock;
nausea, vomiting, stool disorders, abdominal pain;
changes in blood tests: thrombocytosis, leukocytosis, signs, increased levels of liver and kidney tests, .

Prescribe with caution to persons with organic diseases of the central nervous system, suffering from epilepsy. Treatment should be carried out under the supervision of liver and kidney tests.

B-lactam antibiotics

There are many drugs belonging to this group. Based on their structure and mechanisms of action, they were also divided into groups, of which protected aminopenicillins and third (namely third, and not first and second) generation cephalosporins are used in the treatment of cystitis and urethritis.

Aminopenicillins, like fluoroquinolones, have a bactericidal effect on microorganisms. They are especially active against strepto- and staphyllococci, most enterococci (with the exception of E. faecium), listeria, erysipelothrix, corynebacteria, neisseria, Escherichia coli, Shigella, Salmonella, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella, Moraxella and others. Most anaerobic bacteria are insensitive to protected aminopenicillins.

Rapidly absorbed when taken orally. The bioavailability of most drugs is high - 75%, increases under the influence of food.

In small quantities they penetrate the placenta and into breast milk. They penetrate the blood-brain and blood-ophthalmic barrier poorly. They are excreted from the body primarily by the kidneys.
They are used for many diseases, in particular for community-acquired urinary tract infections.
During treatment with protected aminopenicillins, the following adverse reactions are possible:

dizziness, headache, convulsions (rare);
nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, stool disorders, pseudomembranous colitis;
increased activity of liver transaminases in the blood;
allergic reactions: itching, rash and others;
candidiasis of the oral cavity, vaginal.

In the case of an allergy that has developed as a result of taking protected aminopenicillins, similar reactions are possible to all drugs of the penicillin group, therefore, in doubtful cases, a skin test should be performed before prescribing these drugs.

Protected aminopenicillins are approved for use during pregnancy and breastfeeding. However, they should not be taken without indications, and during lactation it is worth considering the possibility of developing thrush, diarrhea and allergic skin reactions in the baby.

If the patient's renal function is impaired, the dose of the drug should be adjusted.
In 3-4 patients out of four suffering, the so-called “ampicillin rash” develops.

For cystitis and urethritis, protected aminopenicillins are taken orally, regardless of food intake, with plenty of water. Skipping doses or taking the drug irregularly is not recommended.

Inhibitor-protected penicillins used for cystitis and urethritis are:

Third generation cephalosporins

Drugs in this group are active against many bacteria, in particular they act on streptococci, Escherichia coli, Proteus, Klebsiella, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and certain species of Enterobacter. Some representatives of third generation cephalosporins also affect Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Staphylococci are usually resistant to drugs in this group.

They disrupt the structure of the cell wall of bacteria, that is, they have a bactericidal effect on them.
Oral forms of cephalosporins are well absorbed from the digestive tract. The percentage of bioavailability depends on the drug and ranges from 40-95%. Food in the stomach while taking the drug slows down its absorption. Once in the body, cephalosporins create high concentrations in many organs and tissues, in particular in the organs of the urinary system. Penetrate the blood-brain barrier. They are excreted mainly in urine, unchanged. The half-life ranges from 1 to 8.5 hours depending on the drug.

When taking third generation cephalosporins, the following side effects may develop:

nausea, vomiting, stool disorders, pseudomembranous colitis;
candidiasis of the oral cavity and/or vagina;
increased activity of liver enzymes;
rarely - changes in blood tests: decreased levels of prothrombin, leukocytes, neutrophils; hemolytic anemia; eosinophilia, positive Coombs test;
allergic skin rash, itching, angioedema, anaphylactic shock.

Contraindications to taking drugs in this group are individual hypersensitivity to them, severe renal failure,.

If indicated, cephalosporins can be used to treat pregnant women and young mothers who are breastfeeding.

If the patient has impaired renal function, the dose of the drug should be adjusted in accordance with creatinine clearance.

There are two third-generation cephalosporin drugs used to treat urinary tract infections: cefixime and ceftibuten.

Cefixime (Cefix, Ikzim, Ceforal solutab, Loprax, Sorcef, Fixim, Flamifix)

When taken orally, it is well absorbed - bioavailability is 50%. The maximum concentration in the blood is achieved 2.5-4.5 hours after a single dose. The half-life is 3.5 hours. Excreted in bile and urine.

Available in the form of a powder for the preparation of a suspension (this is a children's form), capsules and film-coated tablets of 400 mg, dispersible tablets of 100 and 200 mg (this is also a dosage form for children).

Ceftibuten (Cedex)

Release form: 400 mg capsules.

Well absorbed when taken orally. The maximum concentration of the drug in the blood is observed 2-3 hours after a single dose. When ceftibuten is taken simultaneously with fatty foods, the absorption of the drug slows down. It is excreted from the body primarily by the kidneys.

The recommended dosage for adults is 1 tablet – 400 mg – once a day. Duration of treatment – 3-5-7 days. In case of renal failure with creatinine clearance more than 50 ml/min, no dose adjustment is required. If creatinine clearance is 30-49 ml/min, Cedex should be prescribed at a dose of 200 mg per day. If the creatinine clearance is very small - ranging from 5 to 29 ml/min, the daily dose of the drug should not exceed 100 mg.

Uroantiseptics

This is a group of drugs that are not antibiotics, but also have a detrimental effect on microorganisms.

The main drugs of this group used today in the complex treatment of cystitis and urethritis are the following:

furazidin (Furamag, Furagin);
nitrofurantoin (Furadonin);
trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Biseptol, Bactrim, Triseptol, Sumetrolim);
pipemidic acid (Palin, Pipemidin, Urosept);
nitroxoline (5-NOC);
Canephron;
Urolesan.

Furazidin (Furamag, Furagin)

Synthetic antimicrobial agent. It has a bacteriostatic effect, that is, it stops the growth and reproduction of microorganisms that cause the disease. Resistance to it develops slowly. Acts on both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

The release form of the drug for the treatment of cystitis and urethritis is capsules and tablets of 25 and 50 mg. Recommended doses are 100-200 mg after meals 2-3 times a day. The duration of treatment is 7-10 days.
The drug is contraindicated in cases of severe renal impairment, hypersensitivity to the components of the drug, as well as during pregnancy.

While taking furazidine, it is possible to develop such undesirable reactions as headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and sometimes peripheral neuritis.

Nitrofurantoin (Furadonin)

A synthetic antimicrobial agent that has a bacteriostatic and (less often) bactericidal effect on microorganisms. Nitrofurantoin is active against bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Corynebacteria, Citrobacter, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Neisseria, Salmonella, Shigella, Escherichia coli.

It is well absorbed in the digestive tract. When taken simultaneously with food, the absorption of the drug is accelerated. Penetrates through the placenta and into breast milk. The half-life is 20 minutes. Excreted in bile and urine.

The release form of the drug is tablets of 50 and 100 mg. Recommended doses are 50-100 mg 4 times a day. The course of treatment is about 10-14 days.

The drug is contraindicated in cases of severe renal impairment (if creatinine clearance is less than 40 ml/min), hypersensitivity to the components of the drug, as well as during pregnancy and lactation.

While taking nitrofurantoin, the following side effects may develop:

chills, fever, cough, chest pain, eosinophilic infiltrate in the lungs;
nausea, vomiting, lack of appetite, abdominal pain, cholestatic jaundice, diarrhea;
dizziness, headache, weakness, fatigue, drowsiness;
allergic reactions in the form of skin rash and itching, angioedema, anaphylactic shock;
from the blood system - a decrease in the level of leukocytes and granulocytes, hemoglobin and erythrocytes, platelets, an increase in the level of eosinophils.

This drug is prescribed with caution to persons suffering from severe renal failure, chronic diseases of the nervous system, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.

Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (co-trimoxazole, Biseptol, Bactrim, Triseptol, Sumetrolim)

A fixed combination of two drugs in a 5:1 ratio. It has both bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects. Many microorganisms are sensitive.
When taken orally, it is quickly and almost completely absorbed in the stomach and duodenum. Penetrates through the placental barrier and into breast milk. It is excreted primarily by the kidneys.
For adults it is available in the form of tablets of 400+80 mg. Recommended doses are 1-2 tablets every 12 hours (that is, 2 times a day).

Contraindications to the use of this drug are hypersensitivity to its components, severe renal and liver dysfunction, megaloblastic anemia, immune thrombocytopenia.

Co-trimoxazole is generally well tolerated. However, in some cases the following adverse reactions may develop:

allergic skin reactions (from acute to Lyell's syndrome);
nausea, vomiting, stool disorders, hepatitis, stomatitis, pseudomembranous colitis, acute pancreatitis (in the presence of severe background pathology);
renal dysfunction, crystalluria, interstitial nephritis;
impaired coordination of movements, convulsions, extremely rarely - hallucinations and aseptic meningitis;
pain in joints and muscles;
increased blood levels;
decreased levels of leukocytes, neutrophils and platelets in the blood, megaloblastic or hemolytic anemia, agranulocytosis;
decrease in blood glucose levels.

The risk of developing serious side effects is higher in elderly patients, as well as in those with severe comorbidities, in particular those suffering.

Pipemidic acid (Palin, Pipemidin, Urosept)

Synthetic uroantiseptic with bactericidal action.

Quickly and completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Excreted in urine.
Available in the form of 200 mg capsules. The standard dose is 400 mg 2 times a day, treatment duration is 10 days.

It is contraindicated to take the drug in case of hypersensitivity to its components, severe impairment of liver and kidney function, as well as during pregnancy and lactation.

While taking the drug, nausea, vomiting, stool disorders, allergic reactions, and photosensitivity are possible.

Nitroxoline (5-NOK)

Release form: film-coated tablets, 50 mg each.

A broad-spectrum chemotherapy agent.
Absorbed primarily in the stomach, excreted in the urine.

The daily dose of the drug is 600-800 mg, in severe cases - 1000-1200 mg in 3-4 doses. The tablets are taken during or after a meal, with a sufficient amount of water. Duration of treatment is 10-14 days.

Nitroxoline is contraindicated in case of individual intolerance to it, neuritis and polyneuritis, in case of severe dysfunction of the liver and kidneys, during pregnancy, as well as in case of deficiency of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.

Adverse reactions include nausea, vomiting, discomfort in the stomach, headache and dizziness, impaired coordination of movements, paresthesia, neuropathy, liver dysfunction, and allergic reactions.

Canephron

A herbal preparation that contains centaury herb, lovage root and rosemary leaves.

The active components of the drug, in addition to the antimicrobial effect, have an anti-inflammatory effect and also reduce spasm of the smooth muscles of the urinary tract.
Available in the form of tablets and drops. Recommended doses: 2 tablets or 50 drops 3 times a day for 2-4 weeks.

Canephron is contraindicated in case of individual hypersensitivity to its components, as well as in the case of an exacerbation stage.
While taking the drug, the following undesirable effects may occur:

allergic reactions;
nausea, vomiting, stool disorders.

When using Canephron, you should drink enough fluid. During pregnancy and lactation, treatment with this drug is not contraindicated.

Urolesan

Urolesan is an antiseptic of plant origin, which contains extracts of hop cones, wild carrots, oregano, fir oil and peppermint.

The active components of the drug have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, diuretic, and choleretic effects on the human body.

When taken orally it is well absorbed. The action begins half an hour after taking the drug and lasts for 4-5 hours. Excreted by the kidneys and bile.

Release forms: capsules, drops for oral administration, syrup.

Recommended doses for adults: drops – 8-10 drops of the drug applied to a piece of sugar or bread – 3 times a day; syrup – 5 ml (1 teaspoon) 3 times a day; capsules – 1 capsule 3 times a day. The duration of treatment in mild acute cases is 5-7 days, in more severe, chronic, recurrent forms of the disease - up to 1 month.

Urolesan is contraindicated in case of hypersensitivity to the components of the drug, exacerbation or peptic ulcer of the stomach/duodenum.

It is generally well tolerated. Occasionally, while taking it, patients experience nausea, vomiting, allergic reactions, general weakness, headache, dizziness, or.

During pregnancy and breastfeeding, the drug should be taken according to strict indications after evaluating the benefit/harm.

Imidazole derivatives

Drugs of this group are used in case of detection of protozoan microorganisms in cystitis or urethritis. The duration of treatment is approximately 3 weeks. After recovery, in order to prevent relapse, you should take a uroantiseptic in a maintenance (one-third or one-quarter therapeutic) dose for 1-6 months.

Metronidazole (Trichopol, Flagin, Efloran)

It affects many types of protozoan microorganisms and anaerobic bacteria.
Quickly and completely absorbed when taken orally. Penetrates the blood-brain barrier and placenta. The half-life is 8-10 hours. It is excreted in urine and, to a lesser extent, in feces.
Used to treat trichomoniasis, giardiasis, amoebiasis, leishmaniasis.

To treat cystitis, the drug is used in tablet form. Its dosage depends on the type of microorganism that caused the disease.

For trichomoniasis, 2 g once or 0.5 g twice a day is prescribed for 5 days. For resistant forms, the duration of treatment is up to 14 days or more.
For giardiasis, adults need to take 0.25 g of the drug 2-3 times a day for 5-7 days.
For amebiasis - 0.25-0.75 g three times a day - 10 days.
For anaerobic infection - 0.4-0.5 g 3 times a day.

While taking metronidazole, the following undesirable effects may occur:

nausea, vomiting, dryness and unpleasant taste in the mouth, loss of appetite;
headache, dizziness;
allergic reactions;
decrease in the level of leukocytes in the blood;
impaired coordination of movements;
peripheral neuropathy;
convulsive syndrome.

Metronidazole is contraindicated during pregnancy and lactation, with organic diseases of the central nervous system, hematopoietic disorders, as well as in case of individual hypersensitivity of the patient to the components of the drug.

During treatment, blood tests should be periodically monitored. Alcoholic drinks should be avoided during treatment.

Ornidazole (Orgil, Ornigil, Meratin, Ornigil, Tiberal)

Similar in structure and spectrum of antiprotozoal activity to metronidazole.
It lasts longer than metronidazole. Does not lead to increased sensitivity of the body to the effects of alcohol.

Rapidly absorbed when taken orally - bioavailability is about 90%. The maximum concentration in the blood is observed after 3 hours. The half-life is 13 hours. It is excreted from the body mainly with urine.

Take orally, after meals, with a sufficient amount of water.
For trichomoniasis, the therapeutic dose is 0.5 g twice a day for five days. In case of a complicated course of the disease, treatment must be extended to 10 days.

For giardiasis, take 1.5 g of ornidazole once a day - in the evening, for 5-10 days.

In case of anaerobic infection, the recommended dose for adults is 0.5 g twice a day.
While taking the drug, dizziness and headaches, peripheral neuropathy, allergic reactions, convulsions, tremors and impaired coordination of movements may occur.
The drug is not prescribed in the first 16 weeks of pregnancy, as well as during lactation.

In conclusion, we would like to note that, in addition to those listed above, there are many more drugs with antibacterial properties used in the treatment of cystitis and urethritis: it is simply impossible to list everything in one article. We ask the reader not to forget that the information about the drugs is provided for informational purposes only, and if symptoms of cystitis or urethritis occur, you should not treat yourself, but should seek help from a specialist as soon as possible: he will select the treatment that is right for you.

The prostate gland (PG) plays an important role in the functioning of the male reproductive system. Inflammation of the pancreas is common and often leads to gland dysfunction, as well as unpleasant complications (infertility and pancreatic cancer). Pathologies are often accompanied by urethritis and vesiculitis, and in old age – pancreatic adenoma. Treatment of inflammation with drug therapy is effective. Many antibacterial drugs have been developed, but the susceptibility of pathogen strains to them is steadily decreasing over time. It is important to create drugs to which the microflora develops resistance very slowly.

The drug "Nolitsin" (generic name - Norfloxacin) has a wide spectrum of action and effectively fights various infectious pathogens. Information about the peculiarities of using the drug Norfloxacin for prostatitis will be useful to many men, since at least 35% of men in Russia have this pathology.

The drug of the fluoroquinolone group uses norfloxacin as an active ingredient. In addition to norfloxacin, the product contains other excipients, and the composition of the components used and their content may vary slightly between different manufacturers. The medicine has broad antibacterial and bactericidal properties.

Nolitsin is produced only in tablet form (the tablet contains 400 milligrams of norfloxacin). The tablets are coated with an easily soluble coating (usually orange). The package may contain 10 or 20 tablets.

Norfloxacin destroys the DNA of pathogens, preventing the synthesis of proteins in them. As a result of destabilization of the DNA chain, pathogenic organisms die. The drug removes cells affected by infection from the body, regardless of the area in which they are localized.

The drug effectively fights against the following representatives of pathogenic microflora (the list is incomplete):

single-celled microorganisms (for example, mycoplasmas);
staphylococci;
shigella;
bacteroids;
salmonella;
chlamydia;
Escherichia coli and dysentery coli;
gonococci.

The active components of Nolitsin affect both gram-positive and gram-negative representatives

harmful microflora. The medicine does not destroy streptococci and anaerobic bacteria, which do not require oxygen for their development.

Nolitsin does not form drug dependence (the patient does not become addicted to the drug). The taken drug enters the stomach, and the active substances are absorbed into the blood. The maximum content of these substances in the blood is observed 60–120 minutes after consuming Nolitsin. The effect of the medicine lasts approximately 12 hours. Nolicin is excreted in urine (32%) and bile (30%) throughout the day.

It should be taken into account that the drug can penetrate the placenta and also reach the baby through the milk of a nursing woman.

Nolicin is taken on an empty stomach (at least 1 hour before meals), the tablet should be washed down with still water. The dosage prescribed by a specialist in the field of urology depends on the medical history, the specifics of the inflammatory process, and the presence of concomitant diseases.

The drug is effective in the treatment of many infectious diseases (for example, urethritis or pyelonephritis). Doctors often recommend therapy with Nolitsin for prostatitis; how to take the drug should be determined by the attending physician.

Typical dosage regimens are described in detail in the instructions. The most general regimen involves taking one tablet dose (400 milligrams) twice a day for 1–2 weeks (if necessary, the doctor increases the duration of the course).

When treating chronic inflammation of the prostate gland in bacterial form, the drug is taken for 1–1.5 months (or even longer - up to three months). The duration of the course of taking Nolitsin is determined by the severity of the pathology, symptoms, as well as the causes of inflammation. The first results of taking the medicine are noticeable within a day after the start of the course.

Acute inflammatory process in the prostate gland can also be treated with Nolicin. In terms of the degree of action on pathogenic microflora, the antimicrobial drug, which has no analogue of natural origin, is not inferior to traditional antibiotics, so it must be taken with extreme caution (exclusively on the recommendation of the treating doctor).

Sometimes the daily dose of the medicine can be increased by the doctor to two tablets twice a day. The dose of Nolitsin should be halved for hemodialysis patients or patients with renal dysfunction (if creatinine clearance is less than 20 milliliters per minute).

Some features of the drug:

A significant portion of drugs is excreted from the body by the kidneys, which helps destroy pathogenic microflora in the urine.
The drug does not harm the liver.
Sometimes Nolitsin is prescribed by a doctor before making a final diagnosis, since this universal remedy acts on a wide range of microorganisms.
Severe symptoms of inflammation of the prostate gland disappear during the first day after starting to use the medicine.
If a man has developed chronic inflammation of the pancreas as a result of self-medication in the initial phase of the disease, then Nolitsin is able to normalize urine output during repeated exacerbations (relapses).
Nolitsin is a relatively inexpensive product (a package costs from 178 rubles).

Some lifestyle recommendations have been developed during the course of treatment.

If a man does not intend to stop drinking alcohol for the duration of the course, then the doctor should not prescribe this drug.
During the entire course of treatment, the patient should drink at least 2 liters of fluid per day.
During the course of treatment, you should avoid consuming dairy products;
During treatment, you should not engage in potentially unsafe activities that require attention and quick reaction (driving a vehicle, working with machinery).
During therapy with Nolicin, prolonged exposure to solar radiation (do not sunbathe) should be avoided.
You must immediately stop taking the medication (at any stage of the course) if discomfort (unpleasant sensations) occurs in the tendons.

Taking Nolitsin in 97% of cases destroys the most common cause of inflammation of the prostate gland - E. coli.

Taking the medicine is allowed after medical prescription and preliminary examination.

The medicine is prescribed for inflammatory pathologies of infectious origin:

for pathologies of the urinary tract (cystitis, pyelitis, urethritis, pyelonephritis, kidney stones);
for infectious lesions of the genital organs (cervicitis, endometritis, inflammation of the pancreas);
with gonococcal infection;
with gastroenteritis of bacterial origin (shigellosis, salmonellosis).

The product is used for prevention:

relapses of infectious pathologies of the urinary system;
blood infections in people with a reduced content of neutrophils in the blood;
diarrhea in persons traveling in unusual conditions (to new countries or climatic zones).

It is possible to prescribe medication after surgical treatment of the genitourinary system (to exclude inflammatory complications).

Nolicin is a potent drug that has a number of contraindications for use.

The drug is not prescribed if the following factors are present:

hypersensitivity to norfloxacin (and other components of the drug);
insufficient levels of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase;
pregnancy and lactation;
The patient is under 18 years of age.

The risk of unwanted complications after taking the drug increases if a person has a history of atherosclerotic lesions of cerebral vessels, cerebral blood flow disorders, epilepsy, kidney or liver disease, or an allergy to aspirin.

With such concomitant pathologies, the drug must be used with increased caution, that is, the doctor must weigh the potential benefits of taking the drug and the risks of possible complications.

Undesirable manifestations after taking Nolitsin occur quite rarely. The most common patient complaints are headaches, decreased appetite, hypotension, diarrhea, nausea, lightheadedness, unusual fatigue, sleep disturbances, and restlessness (which is sometimes accompanied by fear and irritability). The appearance of such symptoms is observed only in 7–12% of the total number of cases.

Other possible side effects include:

in urethral bleeding, dysuria, polyuria, crystalluria, glomerulonephritis, albuminuria;
in a transient increase in the activity of liver transaminases, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase;
in confusion, ringing in the ears, depression, hallucinations;
in tendonitis, arthralgia, tendon rupture;
in violations of the frequency (or rhythm) of heart contractions, in the development of vasculitis;
in the occurrence of candidiasis (thrush);
in eosinophilia, leukopenia, increased creatinine levels in the blood plasma.

Allergic manifestations (swelling, skin rashes, nettle fever, itching, anaphylactic shock) are extremely rare.

Combining the drug with alcohol consumption aggravates the course of side effects, which often leads to the need for medical care in a hospital setting.

To reduce the likelihood of unwanted effects, it is necessary to be thoroughly examined before undergoing a therapeutic course of treatment. If these symptoms appear, you should stop taking the medication and additionally consult your doctor.