Trichomonas colpitis: symptoms and treatment, causes and diagnostic methods. Trichomoniasis, trichomonas colpitis in women: causes, symptoms, treatment. Can trichomonas colpitis cause allergies?

More than 70% of the female population with pathological discharge suffers from Trichomonas colpitis. The danger of the pathology lies in the fact that its causative agent is very aggressive; under its influence, rapid death of tissue cells occurs. The accumulation of decay products causes a strong inflammatory process that spreads throughout the genitourinary system. Lack of adequate therapy can lead to loss of reproductive health. Routes of transmission, symptoms and treatment are issues that never lose relevance.

Features of the disease

Trichomoniasis is an infectious disease caused by the introduction into the body of the pathogenic microbe Trichomonas vaginalis, which belongs to the group of protozoan unicellular flagellates that actively reproduce in a warm, humid environment. The main distinctive feature of trichomonas is that they are a kind of reservoir for other smaller pathogens (candida, gonococcus, myco-, ureaplasma, chlamydia). That is why Trichomonas acts as a monoinfection extremely rarely; mixed pathologies are mainly diagnosed.

Being an integral part of the microflora of the genital organs, trichomonas in small quantities does not pose a danger, but in case of rapid growth it provokes various diseases.

Trichomonas colpitis in women causes inflammation in the vagina, spreading to the uterus, its cervix, ovaries, urethra and other organs.

Routes of infection

The main route of infection with Trichomonas is unprotected sexual contact with a sick partner (for any type of sex). A person can be a carrier of Trichomonas without even realizing it - there are no signs of infection, but transmission occurs.

Causes of occurrence, factors for the development of pathology:

• weak protective functions of the body;
• lack of personal hygiene;
• development of concomitant inflammatory processes of the genitourinary system;
• microtrauma of the genital mucosa;
• presence of other sexually transmitted infections (STIs);
• dysfunction of the endocrine system;
• uncontrolled use of hormonal drugs;
• stressful situations.

In addition, certain eating habits can provoke the rapid growth of microbial colonies. Fried, fatty, spiced foods disrupt the vaginal microflora.

A household route of infection cannot be ruled out. The vital activity of Trichomonas vaginalis in the external environment lasts up to several hours. However, in a humid environment it feels great and can live in ponds, saunas, and swimming pools.

The vertical route of infection (from mother to child - in utero, during passage through the birth canal) is recorded in 5 cases out of 100. This is a high percentage of the probability of infection, and girls are more susceptible.

Clinical picture

The incubation period of the disease ranges from 5 to 30 days. Symptoms depend on the form of the course (acute, subacute, chronic).

Acute trichomonas colpitis is accompanied by a vivid clinical picture:

• purulent with;
• (sharpness, pain, burning);
• hyperemia of the vaginal mucosa;
• discomfort in the perineal area;
• blood in the urine;
• pain during intimacy;
• temporary diarrhea.

The woman is bothered by pain in the lower abdomen, often radiating to the lower back, and irregularities in the menstrual cycle are recorded.

Trichomonas colpitis is not diagnosed in men, since it is a purely female disease. However, the stronger sex can be infected with pathogenic microflora during intimate intimacy. The male part of the population, in most cases, is not bothered by the signs of the disease; they become carriers of Trichomonas and are able to transmit it further. This fact is the reason for the high prevalence of the disease.

Interesting! Every year, more than 200 million new cases of infection are recorded worldwide.

The acute stage does not last more than two weeks. After this, the symptoms subside, and a subacute period begins. If therapy is not carried out within two months, the disease becomes chronic.

At this stage, microbes form dangerous alliances with bacteria that populate the microflora of the genital organs; together they suppress beneficial components, which is an “open gate” for the passage of infections higher up. As a result, an inflammatory process of the pelvic organs develops (purulent in nature), which can provoke the development of serious complications.

Possible complications

The presence of Trichomonas in the female body poses a direct threat to the reproductive system. Lack of therapy can lead to inflammation of the genitourinary system:

• cervicitis (cervical);
• endometritis (endometrium);
• salpingoophoritis (fallopian tubes and ovaries);
• adnexitis (ovaries and appendages);
• cystitis (bladder mucosa);
• pyelonephritis (kidney);
• pelvioperitonitis (pelvic peritoneum).

With Trichomonas colpitis, strong fluctuations in the menstrual cycle are observed. Infected women have a high risk of developing cervical cancer (the disease is often accompanied by purulent discharge).

The clinical picture of these diseases is quite pronounced; patients often treat themselves. However, we should not forget that the cause remains unresolved. Treatment should be carried out by a specialist. Self-prescribing drugs can lead to disastrous consequences.

Patients with trichomonas colpitis automatically fall into the risk zone of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

As the pathology progresses, problems with conception arise - ectopic pregnancies, miscarriage, spontaneous abortion at any stage, infertility.

Often the diagnosis is made during pregnancy. If you do not start timely treatment, serious consequences may occur:

• premature birth;
• chorioamnionitis (inflammation of the walls of the amniotic sac);
• Fetal malnutrition (slow physical development).

If the diagnosis is made in the third trimester and special sanitation is not carried out, then the child becomes infected at the time of passage through the birth canal. It manifests itself as acute symptoms of damage to mucous organs (lungs, eyes, tonsils) and requires urgent treatment.

Only timely diagnosis and adequate therapy can prevent the development of complications.

Diagnostic measures

Diagnosis of Trichomonas colpitis is complicated by the fact that the microbe is able to “pretend” to be a cell of the body and can easily change its mobility, shape, and appearance.

To make a diagnosis, the patient must undergo a set of laboratory tests for Trichomonas.

If characteristic symptoms appear, you should consult a doctor (venereologist, gynecologist). The specialist collects anamnesis (complaints, symptoms, chronic diseases, previous infectious pathologies), followed by an examination of the genital organs.

Microscopy (genital smear):

• native preparations (determines the presence of microbes by the movement of flagella and undulating membrane);
• colored preparations (identifies Trichomonas by color);
• phase-contrast (allows you to see even motionless pathogens);
• luminescent (based on the use of ultraviolet rays - trichomonas glow against a dark background).

As a rule, these studies are sufficient to make a diagnosis. If they are positive, then you need to start treating the pathology. However, sometimes there may be controversial answers, then other laboratory diagnostic methods are used, which will also help to identify the presence of concomitant infections.

Other methods:

• method of cultivating a pathogenic medium (bacterial inoculation);
• direct immunofluorescence reaction (DIF);
• The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method detects microbial DNA.

Men should be tested if their partners are diagnosed with Trichomonas. The fact of trichomonas carriage can be established against the background of proceedings regarding the inability to conceive a child, infertility, or erectile dysfunction.

For purulent colpitis, cancer is diagnosed.

How to take tests correctly

The main biological material is a vaginal smear. For more informative results, sexual abstinence is recommended for several days; the woman should not wash herself for 2-3 hours before taking the material. This allows a sufficient number of bacteria to accumulate in the genitourinary organs.

Venous blood is donated on an empty stomach (last meal at least 9 hours before the test). Urine should be morning (first portion).

How to increase the efficiency of analyzes

Due to the fact that the pathogen may be in an inactive phase, its concentration on the mucous membrane is small, so no diagnostic method can cope with the identification task. In medicine, provocation is used to detect trichomonas infection. The most effective are the intramuscular injection of pyrogenal, as well as the local use of silver nitrite.

In response to provocation, the infection actively comes out and can be detected within three days. The next day, tests are prescribed - microscopy, PIF.

Important! Any laboratory diagnostic method has its advantages and disadvantages. None of them gives a 100% guarantee of detecting Trichomonas.

In cases where symptoms of trichomoniasis are present and test results are negative, it is necessary to undergo repeated examination using different methods from different places. It is important to remember that the disease urgently needs treatment in order to avoid problems in the reproductive sphere.

Therapy

Based on the test results, taking into account the general condition, severity of symptoms, the presence of concomitant pathologies, and the characteristics of the patient’s body, the attending physician develops an individual treatment regimen. Only a specialist knows exactly how to treat trichomonas infection.

The main therapeutic goals are elimination of the pathogen, relief of the inflammatory process, and prevention of the development of complex consequences.

Treatment of colpitis is carried out on an outpatient basis; in case of serious complications, inpatient conditions are required.

The disease is treated with general anti-Trichomonas drugs, used orally (Trichopol, Fazizhin, Trichomonacid) and locally, in the form of ointments, emulsions, irrigation solutions (Furazolidone, Gramicidin).

Antibiotic therapy is prescribed in accordance with the results of bacteriological culture, which shows the sensitivity of the microbe to a particular drug. The most effective in the fight against Trichomonas is the group of 5-nitroimidazoles (5-NIMZ). These include Metronidazole, Tinidazole, Ornidazole and others.

Anti-inflammatory suppositories Hexicon and Neo-Penotran are used simultaneously with the tablets.

To wash the vagina and genitals, local antiseptics (Miramistin, Chlorhexidine, Dioxidine) are prescribed.

Chronic trichomonas colpitis requires increased immunity (Immunal, Echinacea extract).

After completing a course of anti-trichomonas and antibacterial agents, the microflora needs to be restored. Vaginorm suppositories, Bifidumbacterin, and Hilak Forte drops are used for this.

Traditional medicine recipes can be used in parallel with basic drug therapy on the recommendation of the attending physician.

A pregnant woman is indicated for inpatient treatment of pathology under strict medical supervision. Antitrichomonas drugs are strictly prohibited for use. Therapy is carried out with antibiotics. The group of macrolides is considered the safest during this period - in the first trimester you can use Josamycin, later Azithromycin. From the second trimester, Terzhinan vaginal tablets are prescribed.

Vaginal irrigation is carried out with antiseptics - up to 12 obstetric weeks with Betadine, then with Miramistin. Also, with the doctor’s permission, you can wash yourself with a decoction of chamomile, mint, and calendula.

Rules for successful therapy:

• mandatory treatment of all partners at the same time;
• complete sexual rest;
• following a lean diet;
• complete exclusion of alcoholic beverages (beer too);
• unquestioning compliance with all the doctor’s instructions;
• strict adherence to medication regimen.

If patients follow all the rules, a complete cure will occur. The course of therapy, depending on the stage, ranges from 1 to 4 weeks.

The criterion for cure is negative test results within three menstrual cycles.

Prevention

It is much easier to prevent any disease than to treat it. After suffering a pathology, immunity is not developed, which means that repeated repeated infections can occur. Prevention, like all sexually transmitted infections, is simple - a regular partner, adherence to intimate ethics. In the absence of a permanent relationship, it is imperative to use a condom and give preference to traditional (vaginal) sex.

If, nevertheless, unprotected sexual intercourse occurs, you can minimize the risk of infection by manipulating Miramistin. Introduce 5 ml of antiseptic into the vagina and treat the perineal area. You can use a tampon soaked in the product.

You need to maintain personal hygiene, wear clean panties made of natural fabric every day. You cannot use someone else’s hygiene items (washcloth, towel) and, especially, wear someone else’s underwear.

In order to avoid the risk of developing pathology during pregnancy, you need to plan. At this stage, the couple undergoes various tests for various infections. It is necessary to undergo treatment before conception.

Once a year, women should make routine visits to the gynecologist.

The prevalence of the disease can be reduced by informing the population on the topic “What is Trichomonas colpitis, modes of transmission, how to minimize the possibility of infection.” Having information, people will be more attentive to their health. Detecting symptoms of colpitis is a reason to visit a doctor. Timely diagnosis and adequate treatment contribute to complete recovery and prevent the development of serious complications that threaten reproductive health.

It is worth saying that the pathogen is very unstable in the external environment. That's why infection with Trichomonas infection can only occur during direct contact with infected genitals. This classifies the disease as a sexually transmitted disease. Cases of domestic infection have been described, but they are extremely rare. Therefore, the source of the disease can only be men and women infected with Trichomonas. Moreover, the former are carriers of pathogens, and the latter are their reservoir.

It is not always possible to understand when the infection occurred, since Trichomonas have become so adapted to human immune surveillance cells that they do not cause any concern on their part. Basically, they are masked behind leukocyte or epithelial elements of the mucosa. And only when the number of Trichomonas becomes very large, it manifests itself with certain symptoms. These include:

• Discomfort, both in the vagina and lower abdomen;
• Change in the nature of discharge. They become liquid, foamy, acquire a slight brown color, and have an unpleasant odor;
• and false urges against the background of the described discharge;
• Pain in the vagina during sexual intercourse.

The appearance of these symptoms should be a reason for a mandatory visit to a gynecologist or dermatovenerologist!!!

Trichomonas colpitis clinic

The extent of the clinical picture of the disease depends on its form. There are acute, chronic and latent trichomonas colpitis. The most favorable option is the first. After all, the brighter the manifestations of the disease, the easier it is to determine its true origin. Knowing this, you can use the entire arsenal of therapeutic measures to eliminate the problem.

Acute trichomonas colpitis most often occurs in young girls and women who do not have problems with the genital organs. In other words, when Trichomonas enter the vagina with normal microflora, it is impossible not to notice them. Indeed, against the background of the introduction of the pathogen, a change in the nature of the discharge is immediately noted, which before had never been foamy in nature, and even with an unpleasant odor. This is what forces you to ask for help. On the other hand, the immune system, which has not previously been compromised by other pathogenic bacteria, necessarily notices Trichomonas, starting a conflict with them. This creates a clear clinical picture, accompanied by characteristic symptoms and external signs of Trichomonas colpitis.

Quite the opposite is the case with the chronic and erased form of the disease. They are more typical for mature women who suffered from vaginal dysbiosis and various inflammatory processes in the genital area. Against their background, Trichomonas appears to be completely masked. Hence, its tight contact with the mucous membrane and the maintenance of low-grade inflammation, absolute impunity on the part of immunocompetent cells. Women with a chronic form of trichomonas colpitis may notice periodic exacerbations in the form of slight characteristic foul-smelling discharge and very scanty changes that the doctor can notice during an examination.

To the most typical Clinical manifestations of the disease include:

• Swelling and loose structure of the vaginal mucosa;
• Focal or widespread red spots of the mucous membrane and cervix;
• Superficial ulcers and erosions;
• Contact bleeding of the mucous membrane;
• Detection of foul-smelling, frothy, yellow discharge on the vaginal walls.

If all these changes are noticed, the diagnosis becomes obvious. In doubtful cases, additional examination is indicated.

Laboratory and instrumental diagnostics of trichomonas colpitis

The disease can be confirmed using the following methods:

• Cytological examination of vaginal discharge;
• Sowing vaginal contents for microflora;
• Serological blood test - determination of antibodies to Trichomonas;
• Colposcopy – endoscopic examination of the vagina using a microscope;
• PCR to Trichomonas antigens (polymerase chain reaction). The method is the most accurate and informative in diagnosing the causative agent of colpitis;
• A general clinical examination of blood and urine, which will help to exclude damage to the excretory system by trichomanas.

These diagnostic methods are quite sufficient to 100% confirm the nature of the inflammatory process, regardless of its form. Therefore, do not neglect a visit to the doctor!!!

How is Trichomonas colpitis treated?

Typically, the treatment process aimed at eliminating Trichomondan infection is not an easy task. This is due to their unique ability to constantly adapt to the harshest conditions. It has been recorded that the more powerful drugs begin to appear, the more resistant the pathogens become. Therefore, if you engage in treatment, then only intensively, so as to get rid of the pathogen once and for all. Monitoring of effectiveness should be assessed using clinical examination data and additional testing methods.

Medicines and tablets for the treatment of trichomonas colpitis

The duration of taking antiprotozoal drugs should be at least one month. Only after such a period can its effectiveness be assessed by conducting provocative tests and laboratory studies.

When treating Trichomonas infection, it is extremely important to comply with two conditions: parallel treatment of the sexual partner and refusal of sexual intercourse for the duration of the treatment process. Without this it is impossible to get rid of the problem!!!

Disease prevention

The general medical rule, which states that prevention is always better than any treatment, also works in the case of Trichomonas colpitis. Therefore, it is extremely important to adhere to general preventive measures in everyday and sexual life:

• Refusal of promiscuity. Only full-fledged sexual relations between trusted and trusted sexual partners will never lead to such problems;
• Use of personal protective equipment. If, nevertheless, you had to become a victim of momentary weakness, then a condom must be used, especially during sexual intercourse with unfamiliar people;
• Preventive use of antiseptics after sexual intercourse;
• Compliance with personal hygiene rules and treatment of existing vaginal dysbiosis;
• Seek medical help promptly if any discomfort or unusual discharge occurs;
• Strict adherence to the rules of the treatment regimen established by the attending physician.

Only compliance with all these conditions can help you never become a victim of the disease or again encounter the problem of trichomonas colpitis.

Many people know about the possibility of contracting infections during unprotected sexual intercourse, but this does not prevent infections such as chlamydia and trichomoniasis from occupying leading positions. Symptoms of Trichomonas colpitis (vaginitis) in women are usually pronounced. When they appear, treatment must be started immediately so that the disease does not become latent or chronic.

Trichomoniasis occupies a leading place among sexually transmitted infections. According to WHO, about 10% of people worldwide suffer from it. But these indicators are inaccurate, because the disease is characterized by a often hidden or asymptomatic course. It cannot always be diagnosed through a regular smear, despite the large size of Trichomonas vaginalis.

Features of the pathogen

Unlike most causative agents of inflammatory diseases of the genital tract, Trichomonas are not bacteria. This is a class of simple microorganisms, consisting of a single cell, capable of actively moving in search of favorable conditions.

In humans, three types of Trichomonas cause diseases:

• intestinal;
• vaginal;
• oral

Trichomonas vaginalis lives in the genitourinary tract of men and women. Outside the human body, it can remain viable for some time only in a humid environment. Kills instantly when dried, exposed to ultraviolet light or heated. It has features that allow it to survive in the genitourinary tract and be dangerous to people.

• Anaerobe. Trichomonas does not require oxygen to live. This allows her to survive in the conditions of the genitourinary tract.
• Mobility. Around the body of the Trichomonas there is an undulating membrane - a special membrane that is capable of oscillating movements. There is a flagellum on the back of the pathogen. Together with the membrane, they allow Trichomonas to move forward.
• Disguise. The microorganism is able to evade immune surveillance by masquerading as host epithelial cells. Throughout its life it can form various atypical forms, but does not form cysts.
• Association with other microbes. Bacteria and viruses are able to penetrate Trichomonas. During their metabolism, many microbes alkalize the external environment and consume oxygen. The result is mutually beneficial cooperation: microbes create a favorable environment, and trichomonas are transported to the overlying parts of the reproductive tract and protected from the action of antibiotics.
• Damage. It can damage the epithelium of the genitourinary tract, which opens routes of entry for pathogens of other diseases, including HIV.

In women, Trichomonas live in the vagina and cervix and cause Trichomonas vaginitis. In men, they affect the prostate gland and seminal vesicles. In both sexes they can cause inflammation of the urethra.

Who is at risk of getting sick?

The cause of Trichomonas colpitis is unprotected sex with an infected partner. Persons with a large number of sexual relationships are at risk. Trichomonas cannot survive for long outside the human body, so sexual transmission is the main route.

Trichomonas colpitis is very rarely transmitted through wet washcloths and towels. In this case, even girls from their parents can become infected: the vagina in childhood is shorter and does not have protective factors, like in an adult woman.

The course of the infectious process is influenced by several factors:

• intensity of infection;
• vaginal acidity;
• additional flora;
• state of the epithelium.

With a decrease in immunity, changes in hormonal levels, hypothermia and nonspecific vaginitis, the risk of rapid development of the infectious process increases.

How to recognize an infection

An acute infection develops a few days after unprotected sex. The incubation period can last up to 15 days. The disease begins rapidly, the signs of acute trichomoniasis are as follows:

• Discharge. Copious, liquid or foamy. Color ranges from yellowish to green. There is an unpleasant “fishy” smell.
• Feel. Itching and burning of the vulva and urethra appear. Sexual intercourse is very painful.
• Well-being. May suffer, develop a slight fever, weakness, decreased performance, and disturbed sleep.

Urination becomes painful. Sometimes you may experience pain in the lower abdomen. It has been noticed that the signs of Trichomonas colpitis spread secondarily to other parts of the reproductive system:

• Bartholin's glands;
• vulva;
• urethra;
• cervix;
• uterus;
• appendages and ovaries.

By ascending route, Trichomonas can penetrate into the overlying parts of the urinary tract, which leads to the development of cystitis and pyelonephritis.

In the subacute course of the disease, there is much less discharge, and other symptoms are erased. Sometimes the course of the infection is torpid: the symptoms are as erased as possible, nothing allows one to suspect the disease. In this case, there is a high probability of transition to chronic trichomoniasis. Sexual intercourse, alcohol consumption, and ovarian dysfunction can provoke exacerbations.

Trichomoniasis is dangerous not only for its prevalence, rapid transmission and provocation of infectious inflammation, but also for its complications. In women, the consequences can be in the form of infertility. If infected during pregnancy, complications of gestation and childbirth occur. Trichomonas can also cause infection in newborns and child mortality.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis of Trichomonas colpitis begins in the gynecologist's chair. When examined in the mirrors, the doctor can determine the presence of clinical symptoms of the disease:

• inflammation of the vaginal mucosa;
• swelling and hyperemia of the cervix;
• accumulation of liquid secretions in the posterior fornix;
• the urethra is swollen, its palpation is painful.

The signs of Trichomonas colpitis during pregnancy do not differ from those in other women. Sometimes natural leucorrhoea can mask the inflammatory process if it occurs in a subacute form.

For laboratory diagnosis, smears are taken from the vagina, urethra and rectum. The following types of research are used.

• Microscopy of a native drug. Examination of a fresh, unstained specimen. Light, dark-field and phase-contrast microscopy are used. Smears should be examined immediately after receiving them.
• Microscopy of a stained smear. Methylene blue or complex Gram and Romanovsky-Giemsa staining methods are used as a dye. But the sensitivity of this method reaches only 60%.
• Cultural examination. Necessary for asymptomatic forms of the disease and to determine the effectiveness of treatment. The pathological discharge is placed on a special nutrient medium. After a few days, the growth of the pathogen can be assessed.

Immunological diagnostic methods are also used, which identify the type and amount of antibodies to the pathogen. The PCR method is not used for diagnosis, as it gives false positive results.

A feature of Trichomonas infection is its frequent combination with other pathogens. A cytogram will not identify all infectious agents. In 85% of cases, it occurs simultaneously with chlamydia, myco- and ureoplasmosis, gardnerellosis, and sometimes gonorrhea. Therefore, additional diagnostics for sexually transmitted infections may be required. This is especially true for pregnant women.

The ICD-10 code for trichomonas colpitis (A59.0) is set based on the clinical picture and its confirmation by laboratory data.

Treatment of trichomonas colpitis in women

Treatment of trichomonas colpitis in women is carried out simultaneously with a sexual partner, even if there are no symptoms of the disease. Sexual contacts must be studied, and data on a detected case of infection are sent to the dermatovenerology clinic.

Clinical treatment recommendations are based on data from the American FDA (Federal Food and Drug Administration) on the effectiveness of various drugs. The treatment regimen for various types of infection, as well as therapy during pregnancy, is presented in the table.

Table - Treatment of trichomonas colpitis

The drugs are taken orally before bedtime. You can additionally use drugs for topical use in the form of suppositories, creams, vaginal tablets with metronidazole. If there is an additional infection, Neo-Penotran, Terzhinan, and Klion-D are used.

Metronidazole has contraindications for use during pregnancy. Therefore, it is not included in the treatment regimen. Long-term use of this drug may be accompanied by nausea and allergic reactions; it should not be used simultaneously with alcoholic beverages.

Despite reviews on the Internet, it is impossible to be treated with folk remedies. The disease is infectious in nature, and herbs are not able to affect the pathogen; they can only reduce the symptoms of inflammation. Trichomoniasis will become chronic and lead to serious complications.

Trichomonas colpitis should be treated as soon as possible after the onset of symptoms. If there are suspicions after unprotected sexual intercourse, then it is necessary to use emergency methods of infection prevention. To do this, you can contact the point of individual prevention of sexually transmitted diseases. If time is lost, then after five to ten days you need to visit a doctor and get examined.

Sexually transmitted infections are a serious risk factor for loss of health. The female body is highly susceptible to harmful bacteria and sexually transmitted viruses, therefore for every woman, regardless of age, it is very important:

• know the characteristics of STDs;
• monitor your well-being;
• do not hesitate to visit a specialist if you suspect problems with the health of the genital organs.

What is Trichomonas colpitis?

This diagnosis is not only a purely female problem. Trichomonas colpitis in men is much more common and in most cases is asymptomatic, while in women the body’s response to the presence of infection is pronounced. The incubation period for the reproduction of harmful microorganisms is two weeks.

Factors provoking the development of the disease

When studying the causes of Trichomonas colpitis in women, experts focus on such main points as:

• frequent change of sexual partners;
• irregular personal hygiene;
• unbalanced psycho-emotional state of a woman;
• weak immunity;
• taking medications, in particular antibacterial agents;
• the presence of chronic and hereditary diseases;
• the presence of diseases of the endocrine system;
• hypothermia of the body;
• neglect of barrier methods of contraception.

Trichomonas colpitis in women has pronounced symptoms; it is not difficult for a specialist to diagnose the disease according to the results of the patient’s examination and the complaints presented. The signs of this STD are very similar to the symptoms of other diseases, therefore, examination and treatment should only be carried out by a specialist, which also helps prevent the development of a chronic form of infectious infection.

Trichomonas colpitis in women makes itself felt:

• swelling of the perineum;
• redness of the genitals;
• burning of the mucous membranes of the labia and vagina;
• painful pulling sensations in the abdomen, lower back;
• copious vaginal discharge in the form of foam, characterized by an unpleasant odor and a greenish-yellow tint;
• pain during sexual intercourse;
• painful frequent urination;
• bloody vaginal discharge not associated with menstruation;
• disturbance of the ovulation cycle;
• increased body temperature;
• the formation of diaper rash around the genitals;
• intolerable itching in the genital and perineal area.

Since the above signs do not always indicate trichomonas colpitis, the symptoms of the disease require diagnostic confirmation.

Methods for diagnosing the disease

Preliminary results of a visual examination of a woman’s vagina, indicating Trichomonas colpitis, are confirmed by the results:

• laboratory studies of smears of the vaginal environment and rectum for the presence of Trichomonas;
• enzyme immunoassay;
• polymerase chain reaction;
• cytological examination;
• Ultrasound examination of the uterus, appendages, and genitourinary system for signs of inflammation.

If trichomonas colpitis is suspected, diagnosis is extremely necessary in order to prevent the development of complications such as:

• inflammation of the cervix;
• inflammation of the appendages and testes;
• menstrual irregularities;
• cystitis;
• endometriosis;
• development of tumors of the pelvic organs;
• female infertility;
• peritonitis;
• tubo-ovarian abscesses;
• endocrine disorders.

Specifics of treatment of trichomonas colpitis

Therapeutic measures include:

• suppression of Trichomonas reproduction;
• relieving inflammation of the genital organs;
• recovery of the body after illness.

Inflammation of the vagina in the early stages, caused by Trichomonas, in most cases is eliminated on an outpatient basis. Hospitalization is required if complications from the pelvic organs are detected.

Acute and subacute forms of the disease can be treated with antibacterial agents, which must be taken in courses.

The chronic form of Trichomonas colpitis requires long-term treatment and involves not only taking antibiotics, but also:

• stimulation of the immune reserves of the female body;
• douching with medicinal infusions and decoctions;
• regular treatment of the vagina and external genitalia with antiseptics;
• dieting.

Drug treatment

The most comfortable treatment for women is treatment with tablets, suppositories, and healing tampons.

It is advisable to prescribe the following medications for trichomonas colpitis:

The use of vaginal suppositories in the treatment of trichomonas colpitis is combined with the main intake of antibacterial drugs in tablet form. It is also very important to treat the female genitals with an antiseptic solution, for example, Furacilin, Gramicidin, Chlorophyllipt, Galascorbin.

The effectiveness of treatment of Trichomonas colpitis is higher when using for therapeutic purposes tampons soaked in antiseptics, which are placed in the vagina 2 times a day for ten days.

The therapeutic course ends with the use of drugs that restore the vaginal microflora; most often, such drugs as Vagilak, Lactobacterin, Lacidofil, Bifidumabacterin are used.

Folk technique

Traditional recipes for the treatment of trichomonas colpitis are complementary to the main course of medication. Traditional medicine recommends that in case of an infectious lesion of the vagina, resort to:

• douching with herbal infusions;
• taking herbal baths;
• using tampons soaked in herbal decoctions.

Infusion with calendula for douching

2 tbsp. l. calendula flowers + 1 glass of boiled water, leave for two hours, cool to room temperature, perform the procedure twice a day - morning and evening.

Infusion with immortelle for douching

2 tbsp. l. immortelle leaves + 1 glass of boiled water, leave for an hour and a half, cool to room temperature, rinse the vagina overnight.

Infusion with yellow water lily for douching

1 tbsp. l. flowers + 5 cups of boiled water, leave for half an hour, cool to room temperature, apply once every two to three days.

Chamomile infusion for douching

2 tbsp. l. chamomile flowers + half a liter of boiled water, leave for half an hour, cool to room temperature, + 1 tbsp. l. alcohol solution of chlorophyllipt, apply three times a day.

Infusion with sage leaves for douching

2 tbsp. l. sage leaves + 2 cups of boiled water, leave in a steam bath for one hour, cool to room temperature, + 20 drops of chlorophyllipt alcohol solution, use twice a day (morning and evening).

Infusion of St. John's wort and plantain for douching

2 tbsp. l. St. John's wort flowers + 2 tbsp. l. plantain leaves + 1 glass of boiled water, leave for an hour and a half, cool to room temperature, apply three to four times a day.

All infusions based on medicinal herbs must be stored in a cool place. They are used as an impregnation for tampons several times a day (three to four).

Recovery rates

For complete healing, many women need to undergo several courses of treatment (two or three). Complete recovery is indicated by such indicators as:

Experts recommend consolidating the results of healing Trichomonas colpitis with immunomodulators, such as Pyrogenal, Lavomax, and Immunal.

Trichomonas colpitis during pregnancy

Inflammation of the vagina can be an unexpected “surprise” when carrying a child. Trichomonas colpitis in many cases is the cause of:

• premature pregnancy;
• miscarriages;
• infection of the baby in the womb and during birth.

Therefore, specialists do not postpone treatment of a disease in a pregnant woman until later, but prescribe the most safe antimicrobial drugs, including antibiotics, to the expectant mother in labor. Drug therapy is often combined with local use of antiseptics.

In order to prevent harm to the fetus, doctors select medications for each expectant mother individually, and also recommend resorting to traditional methods of treatment.

Preventive measures

Healing from Trichomonas colpitis does not reduce the risk of re-infection, therefore, in order to maintain health, every woman should take note of the following recommendations from specialists, namely:

• exclude unprotected sexual contacts with men, using barrier methods of contraception;
• use only individual household items;
• do not neglect the rules of personal hygiene;
• lead a healthy lifestyle, which implies the absence of stress, hypothermia, and the initiative to take antibiotics on your own;
• follow healthy eating rules;
• observe regular visits to the gynecologist.

Following these simple tips guarantees not only protection from trichomonas, but also from equally dangerous sexually transmitted infections.

Trichomonas colpitis in women is an inflammation of the mucous membranes of the vagina caused by pathogenic microorganisms (Trichomonas). These are single-celled flagellated creatures that lead active life in a humid environment. They penetrate the mucous membranes, affecting the deep layers of the epithelium. mainly through sexual contact, but household transmission cannot be ruled out.

• chlamydia;
• staphylococci;
• mycoplasma

This explains the frequent detection of mixed infections, in which trichomoniasis plays a major role. The disease is widespread, with at least 300 million cases of infection recorded every year. Most often, the infection is found in women of childbearing age, which is associated with the route of transmission of the pathogen.

Symptoms

The signs of Trichomonas colpitis are typical, so it is impossible to confuse this disease with other inflammatory processes. The incubation period lasts 3–7 days, after which unpleasant symptoms appear:

1. The mucous membranes of the genital organs become red and swollen.
2. A yellowish foamy discharge with a pungent odor appears.
3. If trichomoniasis is accompanied by other infections, vaginal secretions become greenish or white.
4. During sexual intercourse, pain of varying severity appears.

The main symptoms of bladder damage are similar to those of cystitis. There is frequent painful urination, accompanied by a burning sensation in the urethra. Trichomonas enters the bladder tissue using special flagella. When examining the mucous membranes of the vagina, multiple pinpoint hemorrhages are detected. This may cause minor bleeding.

With a long course of Trichomonas colpitis, dangerous consequences develop. A woman's menstrual cycle is disrupted and genital papillomas appear in the genital area.

Even when performing hygiene procedures, diaper rash occurs on the inner thighs. This is explained by an increase in the acidity of vaginal secretions during colpitis and an increase in its volume. From the vaginal mucosa, Trichomonas can spread to the uterus, ovaries and fallopian tubes, which contributes to the development of an acute inflammatory process. Main symptoms of the disease:

• pain in the lower abdomen;
• increased body temperature;
• general weakness.

A woman may complain of a pulling sensation in the lumbar region.

Most often, the disease is detected and eliminated in the acute period, but there are cases of chronic Trichomonas colpitis. It promotes the activation of other pathogenic bacteria, which completely destroy beneficial microflora and lead to further spread of the inflammatory process.

Causes

The penetration of trichomonas into the vaginal mucosa and their active reproduction are the main causes of colpitis. This is most often observed after unprotected contact with a carrier of the infection. Pathogenic microorganisms can also be transmitted through household contact, but this happens less frequently. Children and adolescents who do not follow the rules of personal hygiene are most often infected in this way. For infection, it is enough to use a towel or washcloth colonized with Trichomonas.

You should know that Trichomonas exist in the external environment for no more than 3 hours, which is due to the need for a certain temperature and humidity. There are provoking factors that increase the risk of developing inflammation:

• decreased immunity;
• hypothermia of the body;
• stress;
• taking hormonal and chemotherapy drugs;
• endocrine disorders.

The risk group includes women who are promiscuous and do not use barrier contraception. The risk of infection in this case increases 4 times.

How dangerous is Trichomonas colpitis?

If the inflammatory process is not cured in time, it leads to the development of complications such as cervicitis (damage to the cervix) and endometritis (pathological changes in the mucous membranes of the uterus). Inflammation of the fallopian tubes and ovaries, caused by the active proliferation of Trichomonas, is one of the causes of female infertility. Long-term colpitis contributes to disruption of the menstrual cycle and the development of inflammation in the genitourinary system.

Infection during pregnancy can cause spontaneous abortion, premature birth, and the birth of a child with insufficient body weight. Intrauterine infection of the fetus contributes to the development of birth defects.

Detection of the disease

Diagnosis of Trichomonas colpitis begins with a gynecological examination. In this case, signs of irritation and inflammation of the vaginal mucous membranes are detected. The walls are covered with a serous coating.

To determine the type of infectious agent, laboratory tests are necessary. Swabs are taken from the vagina and rectum. The type of infection is determined by PCR, cultural examination and cytological analysis. A woman may be referred to an appointment with a dermatovenerologist and urologist.

Treatment options

Treatment of Trichomonas colpitis is aimed at eliminating signs of inflammation and destroying the causative agent of infection. Therapy is carried out; in severe cases, hospitalization may be required. Dangerous consequences include tubo-ovarian abscesses and peritonitis that occurs against the background of acute inflammation. It is necessary to treat trichomoniasis in both sexual partners at the same time. Immunity is not developed after illness and the risk of re-infection is always present.

During the period of taking the drug, avoid drinking alcohol, and it is also recommended to abstain from sexual intercourse. It is necessary to treat Trichomonas colpitis even if it does not have pronounced symptoms. Drug therapy involves the use of antibacterial drugs.

To destroy the causative agent of infection in the vagina, antiseptic suppositories are used. The effectiveness of treatment is assessed after its completion and the next menstruation.

Suppositories Terzhinan, Hexicon, Trichomonacid are inserted into the vagina before bedtime. The course of treatment lasts 10–20 days. Trichomonacid solution should be used to treat the urethra and perianal area. Treatment of sexually transmitted infections with folk remedies involves douching, possibly with decoctions of medicinal plants such as tansy and wormwood. Trichomonas colpitis, provided that all recommendations of the attending physician are followed, has a favorable prognosis for recovery.

The effectiveness of the therapeutic course is assessed based on the following criteria:

• absence of trichomonas in vaginal secretions;
• negative PCR results within 3 months after the end of treatment;
• complete recovery of the sexual partner.

After using antiseptics, the doctor may recommend medications that help normalize the vaginal microflora. Eubiotics contribute to the growth of the number of beneficial bacteria, normalization of acidity, and strengthening of local immunity.

For chronic trichomoniasis, the use of immunostimulants is indicated. It is this form of the disease that is considered the most dangerous in terms of complications and the spread of infection in the genitourinary system.

Measures to protect against infection

Every woman can protect herself from infection. This requires compliance with a few simple rules.

During sexual intercourse with unfamiliar partners, a condom should be used. The best way to prevent STIs is to avoid casual sex.

After unprotected sexual intercourse, it is recommended to treat the mucous membranes of the genital organs with Miramistin or Chlorhexidine. It is necessary to have personal hygiene supplies, since household transmission of infection cannot be ruled out. It is necessary to avoid hypothermia and stress, and promptly eliminate chronic diseases. All medications must be taken as prescribed by your doctor.